Webinar - 2005 Seismic Provisions Handouts - 4per - Landscape

AISC Live Webinar: Introduction to the 2005 AISC Seismic Provisions
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I-1
Today’s AISC Live Webinar
Introduction to
the 2005 AISC Seismic Provisions
Today’
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through the Chat feature on the left portion of your screen. written and presented by
Thomas A. Sabol, Ph. D., S.E.

Principal, Englekirk & Sabol
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American Institute of Steel Construction 1

Webinar
Version Seminar Highlights
Introduction to
2005 AISC Seismic Provisions Seminar addresses selected, key content from:
Part I Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings
(ANSI/AISC 341-05)
Prequalified Connections for Special and
Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic
Applications (ANSI/AISC 358-05)
Seismic Design Manual (First Edition, 2006)
I-5 I-6
Seminar Highlights Seminar Highlights
2005 Seismic Provisions (ANSI/AISC 341-05) 2005 Seismic Provisions (ANSI/AISC 341-05)
Presents seismic design and detailing requirements NEW: Combines Allowable Strength Design (ASD)
for different structural steel systems and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) into
National, consensus standard referenced in 2006 a unified format
model building codes NEW: Introduces design provisions for Buckling
Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF) and Special Plate
Shear Walls (SPSW)
NEW: Introduces quality assurance and special
welding requirements for steel seismic systems
I-7 I-8


Moment Frame Connection Prequalification
Moment Frame Connection Prequalification Standard (ANSI/AISC 358-05)
Standard (ANSI/AISC 358-05) Provides design requirements, design limitations,
First national consensus standard to replace FEMA and design procedures for:
350 for design of moment frame connections • Reduced Beam Section (RBS)
(FEMA 350 is a moment frame connection design • Bolted End Plate (BEP) connections
guideline developed after 1994 Northridge
Earthquake based on multi-year research program) Supplement 1 (2009) contains
liberalized requirements for BEP and
new provisions for Bolted Flange Plate
(BEP), Welded Unreinforced Flange-
Welded Web (WUF-W), and Kaiser
I-9 Bolted Bracket (KBB) I-10
Seismic Design Manual (Second Printing, 2006) Seismic Design Manual (Second Printing, 2006)
Resource to help designers apply 2005 Seismic Provides practical examples to illustrate
Provisions and Prequalified Connection Standard • basic seismic concepts in structural steel
Contains a copy of 2005 Seismic Provisions and • design examples for braced frames, moment
Prequalified Connection Standard frames, and other system components
But, without Supplement 1
I-11 I-12

Questions Seismic Design Manual
Please ask (type-in) questions when

they occur to you – don’t wait until
the end of the seminar!
We may not be able to answer
every question, but all of them
help us understand what
content might not be
sufficiently clear.
I-13 I-14
Seismic Design Manual
Seismic Design Manual Seismic Design Manual
Conventional Building Code Philosophy Conventional Building Code Philosophy

Objective: Prevent collapse in the extreme To prevent building collapse, design for
earthquake likely to occur at a building site. ductile behavior
Δ
Objectives are not to necessarily: Ductility = Inelastic Deformation V
• limit damage Earthquake Load, V
• maintain function
• provide for easy repair
Deformation, Δ
I-15 I-16


As required elastic strength goes down (i.e. larger “R”- As required elastic strength goes down (i.e. larger “R”-
factor) required inelastic deformation increases factor) required inelastic deformation increases
Completely elastic Completely elastic
response response
Velastic Velastic
As elastic design load
decreases, required
0.75Velastic Δ 0.75Velastic Δ
Earthquake Load, V
Earthquake Load, V
inelastic deformation
increases
0. 5Velastic 0. 5Velastic
V V
0.25Velastic 0.25Velastic
Δyield Δmax Δyield Δmax
Deformation, Δ Deformation, Δ
I-17 I-18

Seismic Provisions attempt to develop ductile
behavior in steel seismic systems Seismic Provisions attempt to develop ductile
Ductility is provided by yielding behavior in steel seismic systems
Choose frame elements ("fuses") that will yield in an
Fracture or instability reflect non-ductile behavior
Δ earthquake:
Ductility = Inelastic Deformation V
Earthquake Load, V
• Beams in moment resisting frames

• Braces in concentrically braced frames
Failure (fracture • Links in eccentrically braced frames, etc.
or instability)
Deformation, Δ
I-19 I-20


Seismic Provisions attempt to develop ductile Seismic Provisions attempt to develop ductile
behavior in steel seismic systems behavior in steel seismic systems
Detail "fuses" to sustain large inelastic deformations Design all other frame elements to be stronger than
prior to the onset of fracture or instability the fuses
• Detail fuses for ductility • All other frame elements develop the plastic
capacity of the fuses
• Generally, this means other elements remain
elastic or nearly elastic
I-21 I-22
Seismic Design Manual Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings

Alternatively, in some areas of the country, you may
design to a higher force (i.e. use R = 3) and you do
not have to detail the seismic elements as required
by the Seismic Provisions. You can’t use R > 3
and skip the
Thus, you must either seismic detailing!
• Use R > 3 and seismic detailing from Seismic

Provisions
• Use R = 3 and you need not use seismic detailing
I-23 I-24
Seismic Design Manual Seismic Provisions

Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings
Organization of the Seismic Provisions Document Major emphases of this Seminar

Part I: LRFD and ASD Provisions Part I of AISC Seismic Provisions
Part II: Composite Structural Steel and Reinforced Moment frames and braced frames
Concrete Buildings R > 3 seismic system requirements
Commentary for Part I and Part II
An unappreciated
resource in the AISC
Seismic Provisions
I-25 I-26
Seismic Provisions Seismic Provisions
Part I Contents Part I Contents (continued)

Symbols 4. Loads, Load Combinations, and Nominal
Glossary Strengths
1. Scope 5. Structural Design Drawings and Specifications,
Shop Drawings and Erection Drawings
2. Referenced Specifications, Codes and
Standards 6. Materials
3. General Seismic Design Requirements 7. Connections, Joints and Fasteners
8. Members
I-27 I-28

Moment Braced
Part I Contents (continued) frame Part I Contents (continued) systems
systems
Provisions Specific to Steel Seismic Systems Provisions Specific to Steel Seismic Systems
9. Special Moment Frames (SMF) 13. Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF)
10. Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF) 14. Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames (OCBF)
11. Ordinary Moment Frames (OMF) 15. Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF)
12. Special Truss Moment Frames (STMF) 16. Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF)
17. Special Plate Shear Walls (SPSW)
New shear
I-29
wall system I-30
Part I Contents (continued) Part I Contents (continued)

Other Sections/Appendices Other Sections/Appendices
18. Quality Assurance Plan Appendix S: Qualifying Cyclic Tests of Beams-to-
Column and Link-to-Column Connections
Appendix P: Prequalification of Beam-to-Column
Appendix T: Qualifying Cyclic Tests of Buckling-
and Link-to-Column Connections Restrained Braces
Appendix Q: Quality Assurance Plan Appendix W: Welding Provisions
Appendix R: Seismic Design Coefficients ad Appendix X: Weld Metal/Welding Procedure
Approximate Period Parameters Specification Notch Toughness Verification Test
I-31 I-32

Glossary 1. Scope
Terms listed in glossary are generally Seismic Provisions intended for use in buildings
italicized where they first appear in a and “other structures”
subsection “Other structures” have vertical and lateral systems
similar to buildings and are designed, fabricated and
erected in a manner similar to buildings
Seismic Provisions apply when R > 3 or when
otherwise required by the building code
e.g. for cantilevered

column systems where
R = 2.2
I-33 I-34
1. Scope 1. Scope
Seismic Provisions
not required in
“gray”areas
Seismic Provisions are used in conjunction with
AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
(ANSI/AISC 360-05, March 9, 2005)
Seismic Provisions focus on seismic issues
Defers to the Specification for available and
nominal strength, etc. for most elements
Shows where
Seismic Provisions
are required based
on Soil Class
I-35 I-36

3. General Seismic Design Requirements 4. Loads, Load Combinations, and Nominal Strengths
Seismic Provisions defer to applicable building

code for
Required seismic strength (see slides on Section 4
for exception)
Determination of Seismic Design Categories and
Occupancy
Design story drift limits
I-37 I-38
4.1. Loads and Load Combinations 4.1. Loads and Load Combinations
Applicable Building Code Applicable Building Code

Determines loads and load combinations for required … except Seismic Provisions may impose
strength of steel seismic systems using provisions in additional requirements:
ASCE 7 except Seismic Provisions may impose
When demand from one member can impose
additional requirements…
higher loads on another member
0.9D + 1.0E (note that E is assumed to have both a
positive and negative sign in this combination)
Investigates
presence of
I-39 “net tension” I-40

4.1. Loads and Load Combinations This is not the

4.1. Loads and Load Combinations
same as Ω (ASD
Factor of
Applicable Building Code Safety) Applicable Building Code
Determines overstrength factor, Ωo, to multiply Overstrength factor, Ωo, is estimate of maximum load
horizontal earthquake load, E, when amplified that can be imposed on a member by another member
seismic loads are required by the Seismic Pseudo “mechanism load”
Provisions Tries to account for “unaccounted strength”
Ωo is estimate of maximum load that can be in seismic system
imposed on a member by another member
I-41 I-42
5. Structural Design Drawings and Specifications, Shop

5.1 Structural Design Drawings and Specifications
Drawings, and Erection Drawings
The engineer, not the contractor or inspector, is in

the best position to know which components
are part of the seismic system and which
require special consideration
Significant change
in 2005 Seismic
The engineer must communicate the design intent
Provisions to the contractor and inspector via the structural
design drawings
I-43 I-44

5.1 Structural Design Drawings and Specifications 5.1 Structural Design Drawings and Specifications
Structural design drawings need to indicate Structural design drawings need to indicate
Type of Seismic Load Resisting System (SLRS) (e.g. Member/connection material specifications
SMF, EBF, etc.) and sizes
Members and connections that are part of SLRS Location of “demand critical welds”
Configuration of the connections Sections 5.2 and 5.3 contain similar requirements for
shop and erection drawings
Welds likely to
experience inelastic
demand – See
Section 7.3b
I-45 I-46
5.1 Structural Design Drawings and Specifications 6. Materials
Structural design drawings need to indicate

Location and dimensions of protected zones
Welding requirements as specified in Appendix W,
Section W2.1
Locations in seismic
system with special
limitations related to
fabrication and
attachments – See
Section 7.4
I-47 I-48

6.2 Material Properties for Determination of Required

6.1. Material Specifications
Strength of Members and Connections
Specified minimum yield strength (Fy) for When specified in Seismic Provisions, required
members with anticipated inelastic behavior strength shall be based on “Expected Yield
shall not exceed 50 ksi (unless suitability is Strength,” RyFy, of an adjoining member
proven by testing) Underlying assumption is that actual yield strength
Limitation does not apply to columns where is greater than minimum specified strength
inelastic behavior is assumed to be limited to In seismic design, it is not appropriate (i.e. not
column base. “conservative”) to underestimate demand on one
member created by another
e.g. Ru =
RyFyAg
I-49 I-50
6.2 Material Properties for Determination of Required

7. Connections, Joints and Fasteners
Strength of Members and Connections
New in 2005:
Used for
“tensile
Table I-6-1(Abridged) strength”
Ry and Rt Values for Different Member Types

Material Specification Ry Rt
ASTM A36 (shapes) 1.5 1.2
ASTM A572 Gr. 42 1.3 1.1
ASTM A500 HSS 1.4 1.3
ASTM A53 ( Pipe) 1.6 1.2
ASTM A36 (plate) 1.3 1.2
ASTM A992 (shapes) 1.1 1.1
I-51 I-52

7.2. Bolted Joints 7.2. Bolted Joints
All bolts in SLRS shall be pretensioned high- Bolts and welds shall not be designed to share force
strength bolts (i.e. no A307 bolts) in a joint or same force component in a connection
Faying surfaces shall be prepared as slip-
critical with a Class A surface Bolts
Line of action of
Even though you prepare joint as if it were vertical force
“slip-critical,” you may use the higher bolt Vertical force (and
Welds
“bearing” values (with some exceptions) possibly the horizontal
force) is resisted by
Faying surface bolts and welds, but
is where steel designed so that either
plies come into welds or bolts take total
contact load
I-54
Seismic Provisions
Seismic Provisions
7.3. Welded Joints 7.3a. General Requirements
Welding shall be performed in accordance with All welds in members and connections within
Appendix W SLRS shall use filler metal with minimum CVN
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) per AWS value of 20 ft-lbs at 0oF*
D1.1 and approved by the Engineer of Record
*See Section 7.3b
for additional CVN
requirements for
demand critical
welds
I-55 I-56

7.3b. Demand Critical Welds 7.3b. Demand Critical Welds
Where frame is normally at 50oF or higher (i.e. most Although demand critical welds are identified in the
conditioned structures), all welds designated as “demand Seismic Provisions, there may be other welds that
critical” shall use filler metal with minimum CVN value of warrant this designation by the designer.
20 ft-lbs at -20oF
40 ft-lbs at 70oF per Appendix X
I-57 I-58
7.3b. Demand Critical Welds 7.4. Protected Zone

Examples of demand critical welds in SMF and IMF
include following CJP groove welds: Certain areas of a seismic system are designated
Welds of beam flanges to columns as “protected zones”
Welds of single plate shear connections to columns Within the protected zone:
Welds of beam webs to columns Welded, bolted, screwed or shot-in attachments
Columns splice welds, including column bases and for perimeter edge angles, exterior facades,
tapered transitions partitions, duct work, piping, or other
construction are prohibited
Example
“demand
critical”
welds I-59 I-60

7.4. Protected Zone 8. Members

Location of protected zones in a moment frame
Protected zones
in a moment
frame
I-61 I-62
8.2. Classification of Sections for Local Buckling 8.2b. Seismically Compact
Seismic performance of members in the SLRS

may require yielding and high levels of inelastic Seismically compact
limits, λps, for
deformation “unstiffened elements”
(e.g. flanges of wide
To facilitate this demand, Seismic Provisions flange sections)
specify for selected members that they be bf
compact, λp (Specification Table B4.1) , or b = bf /2
seismically compact , λps, (Seismic Provision
Table I-8-1)
More stringent than
Specification
I-63 I-64
requirements Seismic Provisions Seismic Provisions

8.2b. Seismically Compact Seismic Design Manual
Tables 1-2 through 1-6 of Seismic Design Manual

list structural sections that satisfy local
Seismically compact buckling requirements (both “compact” and
limits, λps, for
“stiffened elements” “seismically compact”) for SMF, SCBF, and
(e.g. webs of wide
flange sections)
EBF systems
tw
h
I-65 I-66
Seismic Provisions Seismic Design Manual
Seismic Design Manual 8.3. Column Strength

λps limits for Wide Flange Sections
When axial loads on seismic columns are “large,” the
Seismic Provisions require that these columns
satisfy additional requirements.
This section satisfies local buckling

requirements for all listed applications
(shown by “•”)
This section does not satisfy local buckling

requirements for indicated application
I-67 I-68
(e.g. SMF beam and column) Seismic Design Manual Seismic Provisions

8.3. Column Strength 8.3. Column Strength
Special requirements shall be met when

Special requirements shall be met when
Pu/φcPn > 0.4 (LRFD) or Without using Ωo to
calculate Pa or Pu for Pu/φcPn > 0.4 (LRFD) or ΩcPa/Pn > 0.4 (ASD)…
ΩcPa/Pn > 0.4 (ASD) checking the load to
If ratios are exceeded, axial compressive and
strength ratio
tensile strength, considered in absence of applied
φc = 0.9 (LRFD) Ωc = 1.67 (ASD) moment, based on amplified seismic load
Pa = Required axial strength of a column using ASD load
combinations (i.e. if Pu/φcPn > 0.4 use Ωo if required by the
Pn = Nominal axial strength of a column applicable building code load combinations)
If you “fail” the
Pu = Required axial strength of a column using LRFD load test you then
combinations have to use Ωo
to calculate Pa
I-69 or Pu I-70
8.4. Column Splices 8.4a. General

Centerline of splice made with fillet welds or PJP welds
shall be located 4 ft. or more from beam-to-column
connections or at column mid-height, whichever is less
Column
4 ft. or more
splice
from connection
or at column
midheight
I-71 I-72

8.4b. Columns Not Part of the Seismic Load Resisting

9. Special Moment Frames (SMF)
System
Column splices in columns not in SLRS:
Splice required shear strength with respect to both
orthogonal axes shall be Mpc/H (LRFD) or Mpc/1.5H
(ASD), where Mpc is based on the appropriate
direction of applied load
Mpc
H
Mpc
Vu
I-73 II-74
9.1. Scope 9.1. Scope
SMF are expected to withstand significant

inelastic deformations (R = 8) when subjected to Basic Design Procedure
design an earthquake Calculate demands based on building code
Analyze frame
Size “fuses” (i.e. frame girders)
Size other members so fuses will govern
Confirm that frame satisfies drift criteria
II-75 II-76

9.2. Beam-to-Column Connections 9.2a. Requirements
All beam-to-column connections in SLRS shall

satisfy:
An interstory drift angle at least 0.04 radian
II-77 II-78
9.2a. Requirements 9.2a. Requirements

All beam-to-column connections in SLRS shall satisfy:
Measured flexural resistance of connection, at face of
Deformed shape
of test specimen θ Δ column, is at least 80% of Mp of connected frame
beam at interstory drift angle of 0.04 radian
40000
M 0.04 ≥0.8 M p
Beam Moment at Face of Column (in-kips)

30000
Δ 0.8 Mp
Interstory Drift Angle θ = 20000
Lbeam 10000
-10000
Lbeam
-20000
- 0.8 Mp
-30000
M 0.04 ≥0.8 M p
-40000
-0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Interstory Drift Angle (rad)
II-79 II-80

9.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections (beam

9.2b. Conformance Demonstration
web parallel to column web)
Requirements of 9.2a shall be satisfied by one of
the following:
SMF connection recognized by Prequalified
Connection Standard (ANSI/AISC 358)
Qualifying tests per Appendix S of Seismic
Provisions Project-
specific
Relevant tests reported in the literature
Relevant project specific tests
II-81 II-82
9.3a. Shear Strength 9.3a. Shear Strength

Panel zone must be strong enough to resist Required strength (shear) based on demands
demand from connecting beam without generated by beams framing into column
excessive deformation Beam 1 Vc Beam 2
Yielding of panel zone recognized as an efficient Mf1 Mf2
method of providing ductility db -tf db -tf
Panel Mf1 Mf2
zone Mf1 Mf2
db -tf db -tf
Vc
Panel Zone Required Shear Strength = R u =

∑M f
− Vc
(d b − t f )
II-83 II-84

9.3a. Shear Strength 9.4a. Width-Thickness Limitations
When Pu ≤ 0.75 Py in column, shear strength of Beam and column members shall meet requirements
panel zone: of Section 8.2b (i.e. seismically compact per Table
⎡ 3b t 2 ⎤ (AISC Spec EQ J10-11)
Rv = 0.6Fy d ct p ⎢1 + cf cf ⎥ I-8-1), unless otherwise qualified by tests
Use φ = ⎣⎢ d b d ct p ⎦⎥ tp
1.0
Where: dc = column depth
db
db = beam depth
bcf = column flange width tcf
dc
tcf = column flange thickness bcf
Fy = minimum specified yield stress of column web
tp = thickness of column web including doubler plate
II-85 II-86
9.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio 9.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio

Use Fy
Strong Column – Weak Beam provision is intended to for M*pc-1
prevent global frame instability rather than prevent column
yielding of individual columns Use

1.1RyFy
Delaying column yielding helps force beam yielding for
beam
at multiple levels and provides greater overall M*pb-1 M*pb-2
frame stability M*pc-2
∑M * Note:
M*pc is based on minimum specified
pc
> 1.0 yield stress of column
∑M *
pb M*pb is based on expected yield stress
of beam and includes allowance for
II-87 strain hardening II-88

9.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio 9.7. Lateral Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections
Exception: Eq. 9-3 need not apply if either (a) or (b) is

true:
(a) Columns aren’t too heavily loaded and (i) they are
located at the roof or (ii) there aren’t too many
columns that don’t satisfy Eq. 9-3
(b) Columns are sufficiently strong compared to the
columns on the floor above
II-89 II-90
9.7. Lateral Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections 9.8 Lateral Bracing of Beams
Both flanges of beams shall be laterally braced.

Lateral
torsional Unbraced length between lateral braces shall not
buckling exceed Lb = 0.086ryE/Fy
Braces need to possess sufficient strength and
stiffness (Appendix 6 of Specification)
These photographs show lateral
torsional buckling in frame girders.
This behavior can twist the column
out-of-plane unless the column is
adequately braced (see Section
Lb ≤ 0.086ryE/Fy
9.7a.). Required frame girder bracing
is discussed in Section 9.7b.
Lateral bracing
II-91 II-92

9.8 Lateral Bracing of Beams 9.8 Lateral Bracing of Beams
Both flanges of beams shall be laterally braced.

Required strength of lateral braces provided
adjacent to plastic hinges:
Plastic hinge
Strength of bracing > Bracing adjacent to

0.06Mu/ho plastic hinge
Lateral bracing provided by full- Lateral bracing provided by

height perpendicular framing shallow perpendicular framing
and stiffener II-94
II-93
9.8 Lateral Bracing of Beams 9.9. Column Splices
When splices are not made with CJP welds

Required strength of lateral braces provided
required flexural strength based on smaller column
adjacent to plastic hinges:
RyFyZx (LRFD) RyFyZx/1.5 (ASD)
Splice not made with

CJP (e.g. fillet welds
or bolts) Mu = RyFyZx
Lateral bracing at RBS provided Lateral bracing provided angles

by structural slab – check stiffness of bracing)
(Note: deck not in place) II-95
II-96

9.9. Column Splices 10. Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF)

When splices are not made with CJP welds
required shear strength based on
ΣMpc/H (LRFD) ΣMpc/(1.5H) (ASD)
where ΣMpc is sum of nominal plastic flexural

strengths of columns above and below the splice
Mpc1
H
Vu
Mpc2
II-97 II-98
10. Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF) 10. Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF)
Seismic Design Manual Table 4-1
Comparison of Requirements
for SMF and IMF Systems Special Moment Frames Intermediate Moment Frames
(SMF) (IMF)
Special Moment Frame Intermediate Moment Frame For Pr < 0.75Pc
(SMF) (IMF)
No additional requirements
Interstory Drift 0.04 radian 0.02 radian Panel Zone Shear Strength with φv = 1.00
beyond AISC Specification
Rn = Per Specification Eqn. J10-
Connection Flexural Strength 80% of nominal plastic moment of 80% of nominal plastic moment of
the connection at interstory drift the connection at interstory drift 12, with φv = 1.00
angle of 0.04 radian angle of 0.02 radian
Panel Zone Thickness t > (dz + wz)/90 No additional requirements
Vu for load combination 1.2D + Vu for load combination 1.2D +
0.5L + 0.2S plus shear from 0.5L + 0.2S plus shear from
application of moment of application of moment of Continuity Plates To match tested condition To match tested condition
2[1.1RyFyZ/distance between 2[1.1RyFyZ/distance between
plastic hinge locations] plastic hinge locations]
Connection Shear Strength Beam-Column Proportion No additional requirements
― or ― ― or ―
Lesser Vu permitted if justified by Lesser Vu permitted if justified by
analysis analysis. See also the exception
provided in Seismic Provisions
Section 10.2a. II-99 II-100

11. Ordinary Moment Frames (OMF) 11.1. Scope
OMF are expected to withstand minimal inelastic

deformations (R = 3.5) in their members and
connections when subjected to design
earthquake.
Model codes place significant limits on where
OMF may be used
II-101 II-102
11.1. Scope 11.2a. Requirements for FR Moment Connections

Maximum Building Height per Seismic Design Category per
2006 International Building Code
Seismic
Design
Category A or B C D E F
Maximum
Not Not Not
Height No limit No Limit
permitted1,2 permitted1,2 permitted1,2
Notes
1. OMF may be used in a single story building ≤ 60 ft. tall with bolted end
plates and roof dead load ≤ 15 psf and any dead load of any wall > 35 ft. is Special weld
access hole
≤ 15 psf
2. OMF may be used in a building ≤ 35 ft. tall with roof, floor and wall dead
load ≤ 15 psf
Figure 11-1 Special Weld
II-103 Access Hole Geometry II-104

11.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections (beam

11.4. Beam and Column Limitations
web parallel to column web)
No additional requirements beyond those in the No additional requirements beyond those in

Specification Section 8.1 of Seismic Provisions
II-105 II-106
11.5. Continuity Plates 11.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio
When FR connections use welds of column flanges No requirements.

to beam flanges or beam-flange connection
plates, continuity plates shall be provided
Continuity plates also required when
t cf < 0.54 bf t bf Fyb / Fyc
tbf
or when
bbf
t cf < bbf / 6
tcf II-107
Seismic Provisions
II-108
Seismic Provisions

11.7. Lateral Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections 11.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams
No additional requirements beyond those in the No additional requirements beyond those in the
Specification Specification
II-109 II-110
Prequalified Connection Standard 1.1 Scope

ANSI/AISC 358
Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Provide design, detailing, fabrication, and quality
Moment Frames for Seismic Applications criteria for special and intermediate moment
frames
Supplement 1 issued To be used as prequalified connections with Seismic
June 2009
www.aisc.org/freepubs Provisions
Not intended to preclude use of other connections
tested per Seismic Provisions Appendix S
III-111 III-112
Prequalified Connection Standard Prequalified Connection Standard

5. Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Moment Connection 5.1 General
In reduced beam section (RBS), portions of beam

flanges are selectively trimmed in a region
adjacent to beam-to-column connection
Yielding and hinge formation are intended to
occur primarily within the RBS Trimmed
(reduced)
flange
Reduced Beam Yielding in RBS

III-113 Section III-114
5.3.1 Beam Limitations 5.3.1 Beam Limitations
Beams shall satisfy the following limitations Beams shall satisfy the following limitations
Beams shall be rolled wide-flange or built-up I- Beam flange thickness is limited to 1.75 in.
shaped members conforming to Section 2.3
Clear span-to-depth ratio is limited to
Beam depth is limited to W36 (and equivalent for
7 or greater for SMF and 5 or greater for IMF
built-up shapes)
For same drift angle,
Beam weight is limited to 300 lbs/ft greater beam depth
Depth: W36 x max or equivalent for built-up member requires larger extreme
Weight: 300 plf max fiber strain
Depth
Reduced beam Clear span
section III-115 III-116

5.5 Beam Flange to Column Flange Weld Limitations 5.6 Beam Web to Column Connection Limitations
Weld access hole geometry shall conform to For SMF:

requirements of Section J1.6 of AISC Specification Beam web shall be connected to column flange with a
(i.e. not the special weld access hole) CJP weld extending between weld access holes
Single plate shear connection, with minimum thickness
of 3/8 in., may be used as backing
III-117 III-118
5.6 Beam Web to Column Connection Limitations 5.8 Design Procedures
For IMF: Procedures outline steps to design RBS connection

Beam web shall be connected to column Note that currently there is no HSS or weak-axis
flange per requirements for SMF
wide flange RBS connection that has been
Exception:
prequalified
Bolted web connection using single
shear plate is permitted
Bolts shall be designed as slip-critical
Nominal bearing strength at bolt holes
c
per Section J3.8 of AISC Specification b a
RBS Dimensions
III-119 III-120

13. Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF) 13. Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF)
IV-121 IV-122
Preferred mode of behavior: tension brace yielding

SCBF are expected to withstand significant
inelastic deformations (R = 6) when subjected to RyFyAg
F
design earthquake.
SCBF are expected to have increased ductility
compared to OCBF because negative Δ
consequences caused by strength degradation Consider maximum
effects due to brace
in buckled OCBF compression braces is force (RyFyAg)
minimized
IV-123 IV-124

Preferred mode of behavior: compression brace buckling Unfavorable modes of behavior

Connection fracture
F RyPn,
Column buckling
0.3Pn
Δ
Beam failure
Consider maximum effects due
to brace force (sometimes P =
RyPn, sometimes P = 0.3Pn)
IV-125 IV-126
Typical
example:
13.1. Scope 13.2b. Required Strength slotted HSS
Basic Design Procedure

Where effective net area of bracing is less than
Calculate demands based on building code gross area, required tensile strength of brace
Analyze frame based on limit state of fracture in the net section
Size “fuses” (i.e. braces) shall be greater than the lesser of:
Expected yield strength, in tension, of bracing
Size other members so fuses will govern member: RyFyAg (LRFD) RyFyAg/1.5 (ASD)
Maximum load effect indicated by analysis that can
be transferred to brace by the system
ΩoQE does not
satisfy this
IV-127 IV-128
requirement

Typical
example:
132b. Required Strength 132b. Required Strength slotted HSS
Where effective net area of bracing is less than Where effective net area of bracing is less than
gross area… gross area…often requires local strengthening
Objective is to yield gross section of brace prior to of the brace
Slot needs to be Plate added to each
fracture of net section neatly radiused to side to compensate
avoid brittle fracture for slot
IV-129 IV-130
13.2c. Lateral Force Distribution 13.2c. Lateral Force Distribution

F F
Along any line of braces, braces shall be deployed
in alternate directions such that, for either Δ
direction of force parallel to bracing, at least
Braces oriented in alternate
30% but no more than 70% of total horizontal directions
force is resisted by tension braces unless… F F
Braces oriented in same

direction
IV-131 IV-132

13.2d. Width-Thickness Limitations 13.2d. Width-Thickness Limitations
Column and brace members shall meet

requirements of Section 8.2b (i.e. seismically
compact per Table I-8-1)
For rectangular HSS (A500 Gr B steel) there are many

sections that will not satisfy Table I-8-1:
b E 29000 ksi Examples of brace buckling shows local

≤ 0.64 = 0.64 = 16.1 buckling (and fracture) at the mid-length
t Fy 46 ksi
of the brace
IV-133 IV-134
13.2d. Width-Thickness Limitations 13.3. Required Strength of Bracing Connections
b
≤ 16.1
t
(There aren’t a lot
of them)
IV-135 IV-136

13.3a. Required Tensile Strength 13.3b. Required Flexural Strength
Required tensile strength of bracing connections

(including beam-to column connections if part In direction brace will buckle, required flexural
strength of connection shall be equal to
of bracing system) shall be lesser of:
1.1RyMp (LRFD) or 1.1RyMp/1.5 (ASD) of brace
Expected yield strength of bracing member, about critical axis.
RyFyAg (LRFD) RyFyAg/1.5 (ASD)
Maximum load effect, indicated by analysis, that Exception: Brace connections are permitted that:
can be transferred to brace by the system Brace
Satisfy Section 13.3a, tensile
Can accommodate inelastic rotations capacity
ΩoQE does not associated with post-buckling deformations
satisfy this
requirement
IV-137 IV-138
13.3b. Required Flexural Strength 13.3b. Required Flexural Strength

Plastic
P
Fixed-End Hinges
1.1RyMp-brace = 1.1RyFyZbrace P
Braces
P P
Plastic Hinge
M M
P
Plastic hinges form at
Pin-ended Braces
ends and mid-length
of brace. Brace
For "pinned" end braces: flexural plastic hinge will
imposes moments on
1.1 Ry Mp-brace form at mid-length only. Brace will impose no
connections and
bending moment on connections and adjoining
adjacent members
members.
Must design brace connection to behave like a "pin"
IV-139 IV-140

13.3b. Required Flexural Strength 13.3b. Required Flexural Strength

2t
2t
Fold line
Fold line
t
>2
Fold line is free to form: OK
IV-141 Fold line is NOT free to IV-142

Seismic Provisions form: NG Seismic Provisions
13.4. Special Bracing Configuration Requirements 13.4a. V-Type and Inverted V-Type Bracing
V-Type and Inverted-V-Type braced frames

Weak beam member Strong beam member
neutralizes tension mobilizes tension brace
brace once compression once compression brace
brace buckles buckles
r
r
be
be
em
em
M
M
n
n
io
io
ns
ns
Te
Te
Undesirable behavior Desired behavior
IV-143 IV-144

13.4a. V-Type and Inverted V-Type Bracing 13.4a. V-Type and Inverted V-Type Bracing
V-Type and Inverted-V-Type braced frames
V-Type and Inverted-V-Type braced frames shall
Two-story braces
meet following requirements:
eliminate the need to For load combinations that include earthquake
design this beam to
support the unbalanced effect on beam, E shall be determined as follows
vertical brace load
Forces in tension braces shall be assumed to
equal RyFyAg
Forces in all adjoining braces in compression
shall be assumed equal to 0.3Pn
Two-story braces
IV-145 IV-146
13.4a. V-Type and Inverted V-Type Bracing 13.4b. K-Type Bracing

V-Type and Inverted-V-Type braced frames shall meet
following requirements: K-Type braced frames are not permitted for SCBF.
Wgravtity = 1.2D + 0.5L
( Ry Fy Ag + 0.3 Pn ) cos θ 0.3 Pn

θ
Ry Fy Ag
Beam is designed to
support gravity
( Ry Fy Ag - 0.3 Pn ) sin θ
load, horizontal
axial load, and
unbalanced vertical
load without relying
K-type braced frame
on braces (not permitted)
IV-147 IV-148

13.5. Column Splices 13.6. Protected Zone
In addition to meeting requirements of Section 8.4,

column splices in SCBF shall:
d
Protected zone at
d
50% of available flexural strength of smaller gussets
connected section.
Protected zone
Required shear strength shall be ΣMpc/H (LRFD)
4
L/
on braces at
or ΣMpc/(1.5H) (ASD)
L
expected hinges
where ΣMpc is sum of nominal plastic flexural

strengths of columns above and below the Miscellaneous attachments (cladding, plumbing,
splice etc.) not permitted in the Protected Zone
IV-149 IV-150
14. Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames (OCBF) 14.1. Scope
OCBF are expected to withstand limited inelastic

deformation (R = 3.25) in their members when
subjected to the forces from the design
earthquake.
IV-151 IV-152

Basically
14.2. Bracing Members the same 14.3. Special Bracing Configuration Requirements
as SCBF
Bracing shall meet the requirements of Section 8.2b V-Type, Inverted-V-Type and K-type braced frames
(i.e. seismically compact) shall meet following requirements:
Exception: braces filled with concrete need not comply with this Beam that is intersected by braces shall be continuous
provision between columns (V-Type, Inverted-V-Type)
Braces with Kl/r greater than 4√(Es/Fy) shall not be Column that is intersected by braces shall be
used in V-type or inverted-V-type configurations. continuous between beams (K-Type)
Basically Unique to
the same OCBF
as SCBF
IV-153 IV-154
14.3. Special Bracing Configuration Requirements 14.3. Special Bracing Configuration Requirements
V-Type, Inverted-V-Type and K-type braced frames V-Type, Inverted-V-Type and K-type braced frames shall meet
shall meet following requirements: following requirements:
Required strength of beam intersected by braces, For load combinations that include earthquake effect on
their connections and supporting members shall be beam, E shall be determined as follows
determined based on load combinations of building Forces in tension braces shall be assumed to equal
code assuming braces support no dead and live RyFyAg
loads. For V-type and Inverted V-type, brace tension forces
need not exceed maximum force developed by system
Basically
the same Forces in compression braces shall be assumed equal to
as SCBF 0.3Pn Basically
IV-155 the same IV-156
Seismic Provisions as SCBF Seismic Provisions

14.3. Special Bracing Configuration Requirements
V-Type, Inverted-V-Type and K-type braced frames

shall meet following requirements: QUESTIONS?
Both flanges of beam shall be laterally braced with
maximum spacing of Lb = Lpd per Equation A-1-7 and A-
1-8 of Appendix 1 of the Specification.
Braces need to possess sufficient strength and
stiffness (See notes on Section 9.8 of Seismic
Provisions and Appendix 6 of Specification for example
requirements) Basically
the same
as SCBF IV-157 IV-158
Seismic Provisions
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AISC Live Webinar: Introduction to the 2005 AISC Seismic Provisions

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Today’s AISC Live Webinar

Thomas A. Sabol, Ph. D., S.E.

American Institute of Steel Construction 1

Seminar Highlights Seminar Highlights

American Institute of Steel Construction 2

Seminar Highlights Seminar Highlights

Seminar Highlights Seminar Highlights

But, without Supplement 1

American Institute of Steel Construction 3

Questions Seismic Design Manual

Please ask (type-in) questions when

Seismic Design Manual Seismic Design Manual

Conventional Building Code Philosophy Conventional Building Code Philosophy

American Institute of Steel Construction 4

Seismic Design Manual Seismic Design Manual

Δyield Δmax Δyield Δmax

Seismic Design Manual Seismic Design Manual

• Beams in moment resisting frames

American Institute of Steel Construction 5

Seismic Design Manual Seismic Design Manual

Seismic Design Manual Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings

• Use R > 3 and seismic detailing from Seismic

American Institute of Steel Construction 6

Organization of the Seismic Provisions Document Major emphases of this Seminar

Part I Contents Part I Contents (continued)

American Institute of Steel Construction 7

Part I Contents (continued) Part I Contents (continued)

American Institute of Steel Construction 8

e.g. for cantilevered

American Institute of Steel Construction 9

Seismic Provisions defer to applicable building

Applicable Building Code Applicable Building Code

American Institute of Steel Construction 10

4.1. Loads and Load Combinations This is not the

5. Structural Design Drawings and Specifications, Shop

The engineer, not the contractor or inspector, is in

American Institute of Steel Construction 11

5.1 Structural Design Drawings and Specifications 6. Materials

Structural design drawings need to indicate

American Institute of Steel Construction 12

6.2 Material Properties for Determination of Required

6.2 Material Properties for Determination of Required

Ry and Rt Values for Different Member Types

American Institute of Steel Construction 13

7.2. Bolted Joints 7.2. Bolted Joints

7.3. Welded Joints 7.3a. General Requirements

American Institute of Steel Construction 14

7.3b. Demand Critical Welds 7.3b. Demand Critical Welds

7.3b. Demand Critical Welds 7.4. Protected Zone

American Institute of Steel Construction 15

7.4. Protected Zone 8. Members

8.2. Classification of Sections for Local Buckling 8.2b. Seismically Compact

Seismic performance of members in the SLRS

American Institute of Steel Construction 16

8.2b. Seismically Compact Seismic Design Manual

Tables 1-2 through 1-6 of Seismic Design Manual

Seismic Design Manual 8.3. Column Strength

This section satisfies local buckling

This section does not satisfy local buckling

American Institute of Steel Construction 17

8.3. Column Strength 8.3. Column Strength