SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017

Section A Multiple-choice Questions [ 15 marks ]

Answer all questions.

1 Which of the following is not a characteristic of the hyphae of Mucor?

A Coenocytic, aseptate C Contains granules of glycogen
B Chitinous walls D Single nucleus

2 Which of the following best defines the term 'genetic diversity'?

A The number of different alleles in a species or population.
B The number of different alleles in an organism.
C The number of different genes in a species or population.
D The number of different genes in an organism.

3 Which of the following sustainable development methods are practised in the fishing industry?
I Release of fish caught, which have not reached the reproductive age.
II Limiting areas that can be fished.
III Promoting consumption of commercially cultivated freshwater fish.
IV Control of the shape and the size of nets used for fishing.

A I, II and III only C II, III and IV only

B I, II and IV only D I, II, III and IV

4 In an ecology project, a student obtained earthworms from 40 set quadrats in the school field
randomly.
The area of each quadrat is 100 cm2, and the total of earthworms obtained is 62.
What is the earthworm density in every m2 of the school field?
A 15.5 B 155 C 1550 D 15500

5 Which of the following statements is/are true about the disruptive selection?
I Destroys the minority individuals from both ends of the phenotypic distribution range.
II Destroys the majority individuals from the middle of the phenotypic distribution range.
III Increases the variation in the population.

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017

A III only C II and III only

B I and II only D I, II and III

6 Which of the following statements are true about genetic drift?

I It is caused by natural selection.
II The effect is stronger in a small population.
III It can occur if a small population is isolated by chance from a larger main population.
IV It can occur if a drastic decrease in population occurs due to a natural disaster.

A I, II and III only C II, III and IV only

B I, II and IV only D I, II, III and IV

7 Brown eye colour is dominant, while blue is recessive. If a brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed
woman and they have a brown-eyed boy and a blue-eyed girl, we can safely conclude that
A the man is heterozygous
B eye colour is sex-linked
C both parents are homozygous
D the man has the genotype for blue eyes but the phenotype for brown eyes

8 For a particular human population, if the allelic frequency of the 0 allele for blood type is 0.1 and
the frequency for the B allele is 0.5, what would be the allelic frequency for the A allele?
A 0.1 B 0.2 C 0.4 D 0.5

9 Which of the following statements is not correct?

A Base substitution occurs when one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide with a
different base.
B Base inversion involves the reversal of a portion of a nucleotide sequence.
C Base deletion involves the loss of a nucleotide or chromosome fragment.

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017

D Translocation in chromosomal mutation is a change in the position of a chromosome

segment from one region to another within the same chromosome only.

10 Allolactose deactivities the repressor so that lactose operon can produce the enzymes to break
down lactose. Allolactose is known as the
A inducer. C operator.
B repressor. D corepressor.

11 The table below shows the triplet codes for DNA and their corresponding amino acids for which
they code.

A part of the mRNA sequence of codons produced after transcription is as follows:

Which of the following sequence of amino acids produced when this mRNA is translated?
A Arg - arg - met - arg C Ala - ala - met - arg
B Arg - arg - met - thr D Ala - ala - tyr - ser

12 Many restriction endonucleases produce DNA fragments with "sticky ends". Which of the
following are "sticky ends"?
A An unpaired sequence of DNA bases.
B A paired sequence of DNA bases.
C A short sequence of DNA.

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017

D The lagging strand of DNA.

13 The following are uses of recombinant DNA technology except

A screening for carriers of genetic diseases
B identification of badly-decomposed victims
C treatment of diabetic patients with synthetic insulin
D prevention of inheritance of genetic disorder by offspring

14 Why, instead of the original DNA, is the human cDNA used for combining with a plasmid vector
in some cloning processes?
I The original DNA contains exons and introns
II cDNA does not contain introns
III Bacteria cannot process exons
IV Bacteria cannot process introns

A I, II and III only C II, III and IV only

B I, II and IV only D I, II, III and IV

15 Which of the following is true about chorionic villus sampling (CVS)?

A It has a lower risk of miscarriage and can be carried out earlier than amniocentesis.
B It has a higher risk of miscarriage and is carried out later than amniocentesis.
C It has a higher risk of miscarriage and can be carried out earlier than amniocentesis.
D It has a lower risk of miscarriage and is carried out later than amniocentesis.

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017

Section B Structured Questions [ 15 marks ]

Answer all questions.

16 The figure below shows a sponge.

(a) Label A, B and C.

A: _____________________________________________________________________

B: _____________________________________________________________________

C: _____________________________________________________________________

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017

(3 marks)
(b) Which kingdom and phylum do the sponges belong to?

Kingdom: _______________________________________________________________

Phylum: _______________________________________________________________
(2 marks)

(c) A sponge is a sessile filter feeder. Explain this statement.

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)

17 The diagram below shows protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell.

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017

(a) Name the structures labelled U, T, W and Z.

U: _______________________________ T: _______________________________

W: _______________________________ Z: _______________________________
(2 marks)
(b) Name the processes which produce

(i) T: ___________________________________________________________________

(ii) Z: ___________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(c) If part of the sequence of the bases of T is --- GAA AAU ACC CCU ---, what is the
complementary base sequence on U?

_________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(d) State three differences between T and U.

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
(3 marks)

Section C Essay Questions [ 30 marks ]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18. (a) Explain the meaning of transgenic organism and gene therapy with reference to (6 marks)
suitable examples.
(b) Explain how transgenic bacteria, plants and animals are useful to humans (9 marks)

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 SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017

19. (a) Explain how human insulin can be synthesised using genetically engineered (10 marks)
Escherichia coli.
(b) Compare and contrast between genomic library and cDNA library. (5 marks)

20. (a) Differentiate gene mutation and chromosomal mutation. (4 marks)

(b) Explain the possible ways gene mutation can occur, giving specific examples where (8 marks)
relevant.
(c) Down syndrome is caused by chromosomal mutation. Explain how this may occur. (3 marks)

SKEMA JAWAPAN
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017

Section A Multiple-Choices Questions

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
D A D B C C A C D A D A D B C

Section B Structured Questions

16. (a) A: Osculum (1)
B: Pore/ porocyte (1)
C: Bud (1)
(b) Kingdom: Animalia (1)
Phylum: Porifera (1)
(c)  Sessile filter feeder means an organism that stays in one place and (1)
 Filters its food from the water that circulates around it. (1)

17. (a) U: DNA (1)

T: mRNA (1)
W: ribosome (1)
Z: amino acid or polypeptide (1)
(b) (i) Transcription (1)
(ii) Translation (1)
(c) --- CTT TTA TGG GGA --- (1)
(d)  T is single-stranded while U is double-stranded. (1)
 T is mRNA while U is DNA. (1)
 The bases in T are Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) and Thymine (T) while the (1)
bases in U are Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) and Uracil (U).

Section C Essay Questions

18 (a)  A transgenic organism is an organism that has a gene transferred to it from another organism (1)
or another species of organism.
 Transgenic organisms that are genetically modified by man are bacteria, plants and animals. (1)
 One example of transgenic organism is E.coli that is cloned with an insulin gene and can (1)
produce insulin.
 Gene therapy is the treatment of inborn genetic disease by transferring a normal gene from
another person. (1)
 There are many ways to transfer the gene. One way is to transfer the gene to the bone
marrow stem cells and the white blood cells formed later can produce the protein lacking in (1)
the patient.
(1)

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 SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017

 An example is to transfer the adenosine deaminase gene from a normal person to a newborn
so that the baby will have the deaminase and not suffer from the disease.
(b)  Transgenic bacteria can produce therapeutic proteins such as α-l-antitrypsin to treat (1)
emphysema.
 Transgenic bacteria can also decompose pollutants such as raw petroleum and industrial (1)
toxins to render them non-toxic.
 Transgenic bacteria can fix nitrogen. They can be added to the soil or directly injected into (1)
the plants to improve nitrogen uptake without adding nitrogenous fertilizer.
 Transgenic plants, such as maize and cotton can be resistant to herbicide so that the (1)
management of weeds is made easy and yield improved.
 Transgenic plants such as rice and wheat can be resistant to insect pests or pathogens. This
(1)
will reduce the use of pesticides.
(1)
 Transgenic plants such as tomato can be made not to ripen by themselves. They cannot
produce ethene so the fruits can be stored longer and only induced to ripen artificially, (1)
 Transgenic animals such as cow can be made to produce therapeutic proteins in their milk.
This will make the production of insulin even cheaper. (1)
 Transgenic animals can be made to grow and mature faster such as goat, sheep and cow. (1)
 Transgenic animals can be made to produce leaner meat. The meat produced can contain
less cholesterol.

19 (a) The steps involved in the synthesis of insulin using genetically engineered bacteria are
as follows:
I. Isolation of the source of DNA and vector DNA (1)
 The mRNA containing the code for the synthesis of human insulin are identified and (1)
extracted from the B-cells of the Islet of Langerhans in the pancreas.
 cDNA is synthesised by using reverse transcriptase and free deoxyribonucleotides. (1)
cDNA that is synthesised is then catalysed by DNA polymerase to form a double
stranded DNA.
 Bacterial plasmids with the ampR gene and lacZ gene are also isolated. They are the (1)
plasmid vectors.
II. Restriction of the source DNA and the vector DNA with restriction enzyme (1)
 The bacterial plasmid is cut at the lacZ gene by a specific restriction enzyme to create (1)
sticky ends.
 The DNA fragment with the insulin gene is also treated with the same restriction (1)
enzyme to produce sticky ends.
III. Insertion of insulin gene into the opened plasmid (1)
 The opened plasmid and the DNA fragment with the insulin gene are put together in a (1)
container.
 The sticky ends of the opened plasmid and the DNA fragment form complementary
(1)
base-pairing and are bound together by DNA ligase enzyme.
(1)
 A plasmid with the insulin gene also known as recombinant DNA is produced.
(1)
IV. Transformation of recombinant DNA into the host cell
 The recombinant DNA is introduced into the host cell. E.coli, by mixing a certain (1)
amount of E.coli and recombinant DNA in a medium containing calcium chloride. (1)
 The plasmid enters the cytoplasm of a small number of E.coli.
V. Screening cells with the recombinant DNA (1)
 The E.coli bacterial cells are screened to locate the cells with the recombinant DNA. (1)
The screening process used is the bluewhite screening.
 The bacterial colony is cultivated in nutrient medium containing antibiotic ampicillin (1)
and X-gal sugar.
 Bacteria with the functional lacZ will produce a blue coloured colony, while (1)
bacteria with the recombinant DNA and non-functional lacZ gene will produce
white colonies.
 The E.coli cells with the cloned gene are then identified, isolated and cultured. (1)

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 SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017
These bacterial colonies can be used to synthesis large amounts of insulin.
Every I, II, III, IV and V give one mark, description one mark. Max: 10

(b) Genomic library cDNA library

May contain more fragments of gene than the
gene itself.
May contain gene together with the
unnecessary introns.
May contain no gene that encodes a protein.
Contains gene that needs the control system
to enable it to produce functional protein.
May contain the complete genomic genes of a
species.
Contains gene that may not be functional in
another eukaryotic cell.
Usually contain regulatory DNA sequences
such as enhancers and promoter sequences
May store all the gene fragments of an
organism.
Contains complete functional gene that is (1)
reverse transcribed from mRNA
Contains gene with no introns. (1)
Contains gene that encodes a protein or a (1)
polypeptide.
Contains gene that needs only the bacterial (1)
operon system spliced into the plasmid to
produce the required protein
May only contain genes that are active in a (1)
cell i.e. mRNA can be produced.
Contain gene that may be functional in (1)
another eukaryotic cell as the plasmid
contains the regulator gene.
Usually contain no regulatory DNA (1)
sequences such as enhancers and promoter
sequences
May store all the possible genes that can be (1)
transcribed into mRNA that can be translated
into protein.
Max: 5

20 (a)  Gene mutation is the change in the sequence of nucleotide bases of the DNA that corresponds (1)
to a particular gene in an organism. It is also known as point mutation.
 Frameshift mutation and missense mutation are different forms of gene mutation. (1)
 Chromosomal mutation is the change in the structure of the chromosome or the change in (1)
the number of the chromosomes in an organism.
 Aneuploidy and euploidy which consists of allopolyploidy and autopolyploidy are different (1)
forms of chromosomal mutation.
(b)  The four possible ways that gene mutation can occur are through substitution, inversion, (1)
insertion or addition and deletion.
 In substitution, a nucleotide base pair is replaced by another base pair in the DNA (1)
nucleotide sequence of the gene.
 They are usually missense mutations as the new nucleotide base alters one genetic code to a (1)
different code which may still code for an amino acid but it is a different amino acid.
 An example of genetic disorder caused by substitution is sickle-cell anaemia, where the base (1)
thymine in the code for glutamic acid is substituted by the base adenine in the gene that
codes for the β-polypeptide chain of haemoglobin.
 In inversion, two or more nucleotide base pairs have been reversed in the DNA base sequence (1)
within the gene.
 The altered genetic code may result in a different amino acid in the polypeptide chain and the
formation of a non-functional protein. In insertion, an extra nucleotide base pair is inserted (1)
into the DNA base sequence of a gene causing the whole base sequence to be shifted one
place backward.
 In deletion, a nucleotide base pair is deleted from the DNA base sequence of a gene causing
the whole base sequence to be shifted one place forward. (1)
 Both insertion and deletion are frarneshift mutation and every single triplet code after the
(1)
insertion or deletion point is altered.
 Insertions and deletions are usually more harmful than substitution and inversion because of
(1)
the frameshift mutations which often lead to production of non- functional proteins.
 β-Talassaemia major is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of a base in the β-globin (1)
allele and this results in a lack of β-polypeptide chains of the haemoglobin molecule.

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PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 3 STPM 2017
Max: 8
(c)  Down syndrome is an example of aneuploidy, which is instead of 46 chromosomes; there are (1)
47 chromosomes in the individual.
 It is a result of non-disjunction during meiosis where the two chromosomes number 21 fail to (1)
separate during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.
 The gametes produced will contain 24 chromosomes (with 2 copies of chromosome 21) and (1)
22 chromosomes (with no chromosome 21).
 When a sperm containing 23 chromosomes fuses with an ovum containing 24 chromosomes (1)
(or vice versa), the zygote formed contains lhree chromosome 21, known as trisomy.
 The Down syndrome individual may be a male or female usually with a flat, broad face, (1)
slanted eyes, short stubby fingers and is mentally retarded.
Max: 3

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