TechRef Shunt

DIgSILENT PowerFactory
Technical Reference Documentation
Filter/Shunt
ElmShnt
DIgSILENT GmbH
Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 9
72810 - Gomaringen
Germany
T: +49 7072 9168 0

F: +49 7072 9168 88
http://www.digsilent.de
info@digsilent.de
Version: 2016
Edition: 1
Copyright © 2016, DIgSILENT GmbH. Copyright of this document belongs to DIgSILENT GmbH.
No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form, by any means
electronic or mechanical, without the prior written permission of DIgSILENT GmbH.
Filter/Shunt (ElmShnt) 1
Contents
Contents
1 General Description 4
1.1 R-L Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’, 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.1.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.1.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.1.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2 C Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2.2 Technology: 3PH-’D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3 R-L-C Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.3.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.4 R-L-C, Rp Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.4.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Contents
1.4.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.4.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.5 Harmonics/Power Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.5.1 R-L-C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.5.2 R-L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.5.3 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.5.4 R-L-C,Rp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.5.5 R-L-C1-C2,Rp (Hipass Filter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
List of Figures 31
1 General Description
1.1 R-L Shunt
The R-L shunt is a reactance/inductivity and a resistance in series. To define the reactance/inductivity
and the resistance there are two input modes:
a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated reactive power or the rated cur-
rent and a quality factor
b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the reactance or inductivity and the resis-
tance in Ohm
1.1.1 Common Relations
Relation between the reactance Xrea and the inductivity Lrea
The inductivity Lrea is calculated:
Xrea
Lrea = · 1000 Indutivity in mH
2 · π · fnom
Xrea : Reactance in Ohm

fnom : Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid
1.1.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’
Model
Figure 1.1: Model for the ABC-’D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground
The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a
susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS.
Xrea , Rrea <-> Qrea relation
2
Unom Xrea
Xrea = 3 · and Rrea = in Ohm
Qrea qfrea
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV

Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar
qf rea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is
set to zero (=0)
Qrea , Irea <-> relation
The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the
following:
√
Irea · 3 · Unom
Qrea = in Mvar
1000

Irea : Rated Current, L in A
1.1.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’, 3PH-‘Y’
Model
Figure 1.2: Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology
For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable
option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘con-
nected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding
reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ inter-
nal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). For
the ABC-‘Y’ technology it’s further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS.
2
Unom Xrea
Qrea qfrea

set to zero (=0)
following:
√
Irea · 3 · Unom
Qrea = in Mvar
1000

1.1.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’
Model
Figure 1.3: Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology
option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ internal star point
grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’
star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point).
2
2 · Unom Xrea
Xrea = and Rrea = in Ohm for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
3 · Qrea qfrea
2
Unom
Xrea = in Ohm for BI/DUAL phase systems
2 · Qrea

set to zero (=0)
following:
2 · Irea · Unom
Qrea = √ in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
3 · 1000
Irea · Unom
Qrea = in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems
1000

1.1.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH
Model
Figure 1.4: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology
The 1PH PH-PH model is a single phase shunt connected between two phases (A-B, B-C or
A-C). Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS.
2
Unom Xrea
Xrea = and Rrea = in Ohm
Qrea qfrea

set to zero (=0)
following:
Irea · Unom
Qrea = in Mvar
1000

1.1.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N
Model
Figure 1.5: Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology
The 1PH PH-E technology can be used as grounding resistance, reactance to ground e.g. the
neutral wire or a transformer star point.
2
Unom Xrea
3 · Qrea qfrea
2
Unom
4 · Qrea

set to zero (=0)
following:
Irea · Unom
Qrea = √ in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
3 · 1000
Irea · Unom
Qrea = in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems
2 · 1000

1.1.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’
Model
Figure 1.6: Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology
The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C) it is not
recommended to connect the second phase at the neutral phase. Additionally it is possible to
enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS.
2
Unom Xrea
2 · Qrea qfrea

set to zero (=0)
following:
Irea · Unom
Qrea = in Mvar
1000

1.2 C Shunt
The C shunt is a pure capacitance. To define the susceptance/capacitance are two input modes
available:
a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated capacitive power or the rated
current
b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the susceptance or capacitance.
Relation between the susceptance Bcap and the capacitance Ccap
The capacitance Ccap is calculated:
Bcap
Ccap = Capacitance in µF
2 · π · fnom
Bcap : Susceptance in µS
1.2.2 Technology: 3PH-’D’
Model
Figure 1.7: Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground
Bcap <-> Qcap relation
Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS
3 · Unom
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar

Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV
Qcap <-> Icap relation
The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is
the following:
√
Icap · 3 · Unom
Qcap = in Mvar
1000

Icap : Rated Current, C in A
1.2.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’
Model
Figure 1.8: Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology
reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ inter-
nal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). For
the ABC-‘Y’ technology it’s further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS.
Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS
Unom

the following:
√
Icap · 3 · Unom
Qcap = in Mvar
1000
Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap : Rated Current, C in A
Model
Figure 1.9: Models for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology
option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Pertersen Coil)’ internal star point
3 · Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
2 · Unom
2 · Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS for BI/DUAL phase systems
Unom

the following:
2 · Icap · Unom
Qcap = √ in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
3 · 1000
Icap · Unom
Qcap = in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems
1000
Model
Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS
Unom

the following:
Icap · Unom
Qcap = in Mvar
1000
Model
3 · Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
Unom
4 · Qcap
Bcap = 2
Unom

the following:
Icap · Unom
Qcap = √ in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
3 · 1000
Icap · Unom
Qcap = in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems
2 · 1000
Model
2 · Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS
Unom

the following:
Icap · Unom
Qcap = in Mvar
1000
1.3 R-L-C Shunt
The R-L-C shunt is a reactance/inductivity, a resistance and a susceptance/capacitance in se-

ries. To define the reactance/inductivity, the resistance and the susceptance/capacitance there
are two input modes:
a) Design Parameter: the parameters are defined with the rated reactive power (L-C) or the
rated current (L-C), the degree of inductance or the resonance frequency or the tuning order
and the quality factor at nominal frequency (at fn) or the quality factor at resonance frequency
(at fr)
b) Layout Parameter: the parameters are defined with the reactance (in Ohm) or inductivity (in
mH), the susceptance (in S) or capacitance (in µF) and the resistance in Ohm
Relation between the susceptance Bcap and the capacitance Ccap
The capacitance Ccap is calculated:
Bcap
Ccap = Capacitance in µF
2 · π · fnom
Relation between the reactance Xrea and the inductivity Lrea
The inductivity Lrea is calculated:
Xrea
Lrea = · 1000 inductivity in mH
2 · π · fnom
Xrea : Reactance in Ohm fnom : Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid
Relation between Degree of Inductance, Resonance Frequency and Tuning Order
fnom
fres = p Resonance Frequency in Hz
Pgrad /100
fres
nres = Tuning Order
fnom
pgrad : Degree of Inductance in %

fnom : Nominal Frequency of the grid in Hz
fres : Resonance Frequency in Hz
nres : Tuning Order
Relation between Quality Factor (at fnom ) and Quality Factor (at fres )
fres
greaf 0 = grea · nres = grea ·
fnom
grea : ‘Quality Factor at fnom’, at nominal frequency

greaf 0 : ‘Quality Factor at fres’ at resonance frequency
nres : Tuning Order
Rated Capacitive Power Qcap and Rated Reactive Power, L-C Qtot
The rated capacitive power can be calculated according to following additional equations:
2 !
1 fnom
Qcap = Qtot · (1 − pgrad /100) = Qtot · 1− = Qtot · 1− in Mvar
n2res fres
Qcap : ‘Rated Capacitive Power, C’ in Mvar

Qtot : ‘Rated Reactive Power, L-C’ in Mvar
nres : Tuning Order
Rated Reactive Power Qcea and Rated Reactive Power, L-C Qtot
The rated reactive power can be calculated according to following additional equations:
2 !
fres
Qrea = Qtot · (100/pgrad − 1) = Qtot · (n2res − 1) = Qtot · −1 in Mvar
fnom
Qrea : ‘Rated Reactive Power, L’ in Mvar

Qtot : ‘Rated Reactive Power, L-C’ in Mvar
nres : Tuning Order
Resonance Frequency fres
Resonance Frequency is calculated:
1
fres = p in Hz
2·π· Lrea · 10−3 · Ccap · 10−6
Lrea : Inductivity in mH
Ccap : Capacitance in µF
Relation between Inductivity Lrea , Resonance Frequency fres and Capacitance Ccap
The inductivity Lrea can be calculated according to following equation:
103
Lrea = in mH
(2 · π · fres )2 · Ccap · 10−6
Ccap : Capacitance in µF
Model
Qcap <-> Bcap relation
Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS
3 · Unom
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power (3phase) in Mvar

Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV
2
Unom Xrea
qrea qfrea
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar

Xrea : Reactance in one phase in mH
Model
Figure 1.14: Model for the 3PH-’YN’ and 3PH-’Y’ technology
reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For an ‘disconnected’ in-
ternal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point).
The ABC-‘Y’ technology it is further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS.
Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS
Unom
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power (3phase) in Mvar

2
Unom Xrea
Qrea qfrea
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar

qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is
set to zero (=0)
Model
option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Pertersen Coil)’ internal star point
3 · Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
2 · Unom
2 · Qcap
Bcap = 2
Unom
Qcap : Rated Capacitive Power, C in Mvar

2
2 · Unom Xrea
3 · Qrea qfrea
2
Unom
2 · Qrea
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea : Quality
Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero
(=0)
Model
Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS
Unom

2
Unom Xrea
Qrea qfrea
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea :
Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to
zero (=0)
Model
3 · Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems
Unom
4 · Qcap
Bcap = 2
Unom

2
Unom Xrea
3 · Qrea qfrea
2
Unom
4 · Qrea

qfrea : Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is
set to zero (=0)
Model
2 · Qcap
Bcap = 2
· 106 in µS
Unom

2
Unom Xrea
2 · Qrea qfrea
Qrea : Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom : Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea :
Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to
zero (=0)
1.4 R-L-C, Rp Shunt
The R-L-C, Rp shunt is a reactance/inductivity, a resistance and a susceptance/capacitance

in series with an additional resistance in parallel to the R-L impedance. To define the reac-
tance/inductivity, the resistance and the susceptance/capacitance there are two input modes:
a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated reactive power (L-C) or the rated
current (L-C), the degree of inductance or the resonance frequency or the tuning order and the
quality factor at nominal frequency (at fn) or the quality factor at resonance frequency (at fr)
b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the reactance (in Ohm) or inductivity (in
mH), the susceptance (in µS) or capacitance (in µF) and the resistance in Ohm
The parallel resistance Rp can be entered in the layout parameter frame in Ohm and is inde-
pendent on the input option. If the parallel resistance Rp is equal zero (Rp = 0) the parallel
resistance is not considered (equal to G = 0).
All common relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.1.
Model
susceptance to ground (Bg) in S.
All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.2.
Model
Figure 1.20: Models for the ABC-‘YN’ and ABC-‘Y’ technology
reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For an ‘disconnected’ in-
ternal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point).
The ABC-‘Y’ technology it is further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS.
Model
option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ internal star point
All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See chapter 1.3.4.
Model
Model
All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See chapter 1.3.6.
Model
The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C). Connec-
tion of the second phase at the neutral phase is not recommended. In addition, it is possible to
enter a susceptance to ground, Bg, in µS.
1.5 Harmonics/Power Quality
Frequency-dependent characteristics may be defined for the parameters as listed in the follow-
ing subsections.
Note: For absolute characteristics, the values defined in the element (not in the characteristic)
will be used at the fundamental frequency.
1.5.1 R-L-C
Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (pa-
rameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea) and C (ccap).
1.5.2 R-L
rameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea) and L (rlrea).
1.5.3 C
Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameter (pa-
rameter name follows in parentheses): C (ccap).
1.5.4 R-L-C,Rp
rameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea), C (ccap) and Rp (rpara).
1.5.5 R-L-C1-C2,Rp (Hipass Filter)
rameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea), C1 (c1), C2 (c2) and Rp (rpara).
List of Figures
List of Figures
1.1 Model for the ABC-’D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . . 4
1.2 Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4 Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5 Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.6 Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.7 Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . . 11
1.8 Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.9 Models for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.14 Model for the 3PH-’YN’ and 3PH-’Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.20 Models for the ABC-‘YN’ and ABC-‘Y’ technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

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DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Technical Reference Documentation

T: +49 7072 9168 0

1.1 R-L Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.1.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.1.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.1.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’, 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.1.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.1.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.1.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.1.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.2.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.2.2 Technology: 3PH-’D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.2.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.2.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.2.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1.2.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.2.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.3 R-L-C Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1.3.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1.3.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

1.3.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

1.3.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1.3.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1.3.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1.3.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

1.4 R-L-C, Rp Shunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1.4.1 Common Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

1.4.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

1.4.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

1.4.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1.4.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

1.4.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

1.4.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.5 Harmonics/Power Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1.5.5 R-L-C1-C2,Rp (Hipass Filter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1.1 R-L Shunt

1.1.1 Common Relations

Relation between the reactance Xrea and the inductivity Lrea

The inductivity Lrea is calculated:

Xrea : Reactance in Ohm

1.1.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’

susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS.

Xrea , Rrea <-> Qrea relation

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV

Qrea , Irea <-> relation

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV

1.1.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’, 3PH-‘Y’

Figure 1.2: Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology

Xrea , Rrea <-> Qrea relation

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV

Qrea , Irea <-> relation

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV

1.1.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’

Figure 1.3: Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology

Xrea , Rrea <-> Qrea relation

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV

Qrea , Irea <-> relation

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV

1.1.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH

Figure 1.4: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology

Xrea , Rrea <-> Qrea relation

Unom : Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV

Qrea , Irea <-> relation