‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫رب اشرح لى صدرى‬

‫ويسر لى أمر‬
‫واحلل عقدة من لسانى‬
‫يفقهوا قولى‬
‫صدق هللا العظيم‬
‫‪3/27/2013‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Magdi El-Saadawi‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
 Chapter 10

Mechanical Design of
Transmission Lines
pp. 232-269

3/27/2013 Prof. Dr. Magdi El-Saadawi 2

 Sag of Transmission Lines
‫هو مقدار انخفاض هذه النقطة عن مستوى نقطة التعليق‬
Sag of T.L depends on:

- Conductor weight.
- Span length.
- Tension in the conductor.
- Weather conditions (wind , ice).
- Temperature.
The Catenary Curve p.333
When a perfectly flexible wire of uniform weight is hung
between the two horizontal supports, it will form a catenary.
 The Catenary Curve p.333
• l is the distance between the support,
• w the weight per unit length of the wire,
• T0 the tension in the wire at the lowest point H of the
wire in kg ==== T0 = wc .
•  is the angle subtended by T with the horizontal axis.

• Consider the equilibrium of the small length s of the

wire up to point P(x, y).
• Three forces are acting on this length of the wire:
 The horizontal tension T0 = wc,
 The vertical weight ws,
 The tension T.
S = length of the wire measured from the
lowest point H to any point P (x,y)

10-7

10-10

10-12
y = the vertical height of any point P (x,y) as
measured above the origin

10-9

10-11

10-13
Tension Calculations pp. 338
To calculate tension T at any point P(x,y) on the wire

But
 (10.14)

The tension in the wire at any point P (x,y) in the wire is the
product of the y-coordinate of the point and the weight per unit
length of the wire.
Sag Calculations pp. 339
Length L of the Conductor pp. 339
1- Supports at the Same Level

D
a- Effect of Ice

Ice layer

Conductor
d: conductor diameter
t: ice thickness
Vi : Volume of ice
Vi = π/4 .((d+2t)2 –d2).1
or
Vi = π (d + t).t
Ice weight (Wi):
Wi= π ρ.(d+t).t
ρ is the ice density ( kg/m3)
b- Effect of Wind
The wind pressure P (kg/m2) is assumed
to act horizontal on the projected area
of the conductor:
Ww = P.d.1 No ice.
Ww = P.(d+2t).1 With ice of thickness t

Ww: Weight due to wind in Kg/m.

 Conductor

Ww
ϴ

Wt
W + Wi
Wt : Total conductor weight.
Wt = ((W + Wi )2 + Ww2)0.5
Sag in conductor (D):

D= Wt . L2/8T ϴ D

This sag makes an angle ϴ with vertical

Cos ϴ = (W+Wi)/Wt
Vertical Sag:
Dy= D.Cos ϴ
Minimum Clearance between the
ground and the conductor pp 362