Suitable hosts for Annona muricata Helicotylenchus sp. H. cavenessi. Pratylenchus coffeae.

(phytonematode - Rotylenchulus reniformis, found in the roots of Annona muricata)

Rotylenchulus reniformis

Helicotylenchus sp

H. cavenessi

H. dihystera (Annona spp.)

Pratylenchus coffeae

Scutellonema brachyurum

Hemicricoemoides mangiferae- (Florida)

Tylenchulus semipenetrans – (in Panama)

“several recent surveys have expanded our knowledge of other plant parasites associated with A.
Muricata (http://journals.fcla.edu/nematropica/article/view/64032/61700)”

Hemicriconemoides mangiferae – “The sheath nematode Hemicriconemoides mangiferae has been

reported to damage both lychee and mango in South Africa (9, 10). It has recently been associated with
declining mangoes in Florida (6, 8). This potentially serious parasite is reported on seven plant species in
four families here, and was particularly abundant on longan, lychee, and soursop (Annona muricata).”

Handoo, Z. A., Skantar, A. M., Carta, L. K., & Erbe, E. F. (2005). Morphological and molecular
characterization of a new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne thailandica n. sp.(Nematoda:
Meloidogynidae), parasitizing ginger (Zingiber sp.).Journal of Nematology37(3), 343.

Gozel, U., Lamberti, F., Duncan, L., Agostinelli, A., Rosso, L., Nguyen, K., & Adams, B. J. (2006). Molecular
and morphological consilience in the characterisation and delimitation of five nematode species from
Florida belonging to the Xiphinema americanum-group.Nematology,8(4), 521-532

Moens, M., Perry, R. N., & Starr, J. L. (2009). Meloidogyne species-a diverse group of novel and important
plant parasites.Root-knot nematodes, 1-17.

Nicol J.M., Turner, S.J., Coyne, D.L., den Nijs, L, Hockland, S. & Maafi, Z.T.( 2011). Current Nematode
Threats to World Agriculture. In J. Jones et al. (eds.),, ed. (eds.), Genomics and Molecular Genetics of
Plant-Nematode Interactions,. Springer, pp21–45. (Placeholder1)

de Moura, R.M., Pedrosa, E.M.R., Lira, R.V., Menezes, M., Freire, F.C.O. and Cardoso, J.R. (1998) The
etiol-ogy of the sudden death of soursop (Annona muricata).Fitopatologia Brasileira23, 173–175

de Moura, R.M., Guimaraes, L.M.P. and Pedrosa, E.M.R. (1999) Studies in sudden death of the
soursop.Nematologia Brasileira23, 62–68.
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
• Introduction
• Theoretical Framework
• Conceptual Framework
• Statement of the Problem
• Hypothesis (if any, depending on the
nature of the problem)
• Scope and Limitations of the Study
• Significance of the Study
• Definition of Terms (for technical
programs only)

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
AND STUDIES
• (Thematic organization of literature
shall be followed)
• Synthesis of the Reviewed
Literature and Studies
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Format of Chapter 3 as employed by the
following programs:
BS Biology, BS Nutrition and Dietetics, BS
Food Technology, and BS Chemistry
-Quantitative Research
-Method of Research
-Population, Sample Size, and
Sampling Technique
-Description of Respondents
-Research Instrument
-Data-Gathering Procedure

**3. Review of Literature and Studies

3.1 The Review of Literature and Studies shall be organized thematically; therefore,
the subheadings will be based on the themes/topics. A synthesis of the reviewed
literature and studies should be placed at the end of the chapter.

3.2 Except for classical theories and any other relevant literature, all the literature
and studies included in the review shall have been published or written (if
unpublished, such as theses and dissertations) at least ten (10) years before the
conduct of the current study.
3.3 Except for exploratory studies, the minimum number of literature and studies to
be reviewed shall be pegged at twenty (20) or more for undergraduate thesis, forty
(40) or more for Master’s, and fifty (50) or more for doctoral.