1. Principal Quantities
Length (L)
Mass (m)
Time (t)
Angle (θ)
Temperature (T)
2. Derived Quantities
Area (A)
Volume (V)
Velocity (ν)
Frequency (Hz.)
Acceleration (a)
Angular Velocity (ω)
Angular Acceleration (â)
Volume Flow Rate (q)
o
Mass Flow Rate ( m )
Density (ρ)
Specific Gravity (SG)
Force (F)
Force due to Inertia (FI)
Force due to Gravity (FG)
Force due to Viscosity (Fµ)
Force due to Elasticity (FE)
Force due to Pressure (FP)
Specific Weight (γ)
Energy (E)
Moment of a Force (M)
Work (W)
Pressure (p)
Stress (τ)
Power (P)
Dynamic Viscosity (µ)
Kinematic Viscosity (ν)
1
1. Principal Quantities
Quantity English System International System
mile (mi) = 1760 yd kilometer (km) = 1000 m
Length yard (yd) = 3 ft meter (m) = 100 cm
foot (ft) = 12 in centimeter (cm)
inch (in) = 2.54 cm
Mass slug (sl) = 32.17404856 lbm kilogram (kg) = 1000 gm
pound mass (lbm) = 453.592370 gm gram (gm)
year = 365 d year = 365 d
Time day = 24 h day = 24 h
hour = 60 m hour = 60 m
minute = 60 s minute = 60 s
1 rev. = 2B radians = 360E 1 rev. = 2B radians = 360E
Angle 1 r = 57.29578E 1 r = 57.29578E
1 E = 0.017453r 1 E = 0.017453r
Ordinary EF= 1.8EC+32 Ordinary EC= (EF-32)/1.8
Temperature Absolute ER= EF+459.688 Absolute K= EC+273.16
ER= 1.8 K K= ER/1.8
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2. Derived Quantities
Quantity Formula English Units SI Units Lab. Units
mi2, ft2, in2, acre cm2, darcy, md
Area A = L2 1 mi2 = 640 acres m2 1 cm2 =
1 acre = 43,560 101,320,790 d
ft2 1 d = 1000 md
bbl, ft3, gal, qt m3, ltr
3
Volume V=L bbl = 5.6146 ft3 3
m = 1000 ltr cm3 = cc
bbl = 42 gal ltr = 1000 cc
gal = 4 qt = 3.785
ltr
dL
Velocity ν= ft/s m/s cm/s
dt
Frequency Hz. s-1 s-1 s-1
dν
Acceleration a= ft/s2 m/s2 cm/s2
dt
Angle 2 rad and E rad and E rad and E
360E = 2B rad 360E = 2B rad 360E = 2B rad
dθ
Angular ω= rad/s rad/s rad/s
Velocity dt
dω
Angular aˆ = rad/s2 rad/s2 rad/s2
Acceleration dt
Volume dV
q= bbl/d, ft3/s m3/s, ltr/s cc/s
Flow Rate dt
Mass Flow
o
dm slug/s, lbm/s kg/s gm/s
Rate
m = dt
m
Density ρ= slug/ft3, lb/ft3, kg/m3 gm/cc
V lb/gal
Dw = 1.940
ρ
SG = f = slug/ft3
Specific ρw Dw = 62.428 Dw= 103 Dw = 1 gm/cc
Gravity 141.5 lbm/ft3 kg/m3
131.5+ oAPI Dw = 8.345
lbm/gal
Dw = 0.433 psi/ft
Dw = 10 EAPI
3
2. Derived Quantities (cont.)
Quantity Formula English Units SI Units Lab. Units
Force F=ma lbf = slug ft/s2 N = kg m/s2 dyne = gm cm/s2
lbf = 444,822 dyne 1 N = 105
lbf = 4.44822 N dynes
Force due to FI = m a lbf N dyne
Inertia
Force due to FG = m g lbf N dyne
Gravity=Wt. g = 32.17404856 g = 9.80665 g = 980.665
ft/s2 m/s2 cm/s2
dν
Force due to Fµ = µ A lbf N dyne
Viscosity dy
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EPS-441: Petroleum Development Geology
Semester: Homework #:
Name: SS#:
From To
38 oAPI lb/ft3
12 oAPI SG
56 oAPI psi/ft
40 oAPI SG
28 oAPI gm/cc
31 oAPI psi/ft
0.433 psi/ft lb/ft3
0.433 psi/ft lb/gal
0.433 psi/ft gm/cc
o
0.378 psi/ft API
o
0.394 psi/ft API
SG = 0.76 psi/ft
SG = 1.10 psi/ft
SG = 0.74 lb/ft3
SG = 1.08 lb/gal
o
SG = 0.88 API
48.8 lb/ft3 SG
62.4 lb/ft3 o
API
64.3 lb/ft3 psi/ft
48.7 lb/ft3 gm/cc
10.86 lb/gal gm/cc
8.33 lb/gal psi/ft
8.33 lb/gal lb/ft3
10.4 lb/gal gm/cc
0.82 gm/cc SG
1.02 gm/cc psi/ft
0.87 gm/cc psi/ft
0.91 gm/cc lb/ft3
Problem #2: Given a rectangular solid with dimensions 1000 ft x 400 ft x 40 ft. Calculate its
volume in ft3, bbl, acre-ft?.
5
Problem #3: Calculate pressure gradients of the following liquids:
SG = 1.00
Dw = 66.3 lb/ft3
SG = 1.15
Dw = 9.5 lb/gal
SG = 0.85
EAPI = 42
EAPI = 32
EAPI = 45
Do = 58.1 lb/ft3
Problem #4: A well drilled to 3000 ft penetrates a formation containing 28 EAPI oil. If
reservoir pressure is 1300 psia, what is the shut-in surface pressure?. If reservoir pressure is
1000 psia, how many ft of oil will be standing in the wellbore?.
Problem #5: In an area where ambient temperature is 78 EF, two wells, A and B, were drilled.
The depth of well A is 7250 ft and the depth of well B is 8000 ft. The bottom hole temperature
(BHT) in well B is 180 EF. What is the BHT in well A?.
Problem #6: The areal extent of a reservoir as determined with seismic data is 1500 acres.
From logs the following reservoir properties were determined:
Zone N h, ft Sw
1 0.28 4 0.28
2 0.32 7 0.40
3 0.18 3 0.31
4 0.20 11 0.27
a) Calculate the pore volume in the reservoir. Give your answers in acre-ft, ft3, and bbl.
b) Calculate the volume of oil in the reservoir. Give your answers in acre-ft, ft3, and bbl.
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Problem #7: The average reservoir properties of a 300 acre reservoir are: N = 18% and Sw =
36%. Estimated volume of oil originally in place = 410 MM STB. Formation thickness = 2000
ft. Determine the oil formation volume factor.
Problem #8: Consider the sketch below. Given EAPI of oil = 35. water SG = 1.07. If well A
penetrates the oil zone, find the shut-in surface pressure at well A?.
7
EPS-441: Petroleum Development Geology
Semester: Homework #:
Name: SS#:
Problem #1: A reservoir has an areal extent of 500 acres, an average thickness of 90 ft, and an
average porosity of 20%.
a) What is the reservoir volume available for hydrocarbons?. Answer in acre-ft, bbl, and ft3.
b) If the average water saturation is 35%, what is the reservoir volume available for oil?.
Answer in acre-ft, bbl, and ft3.
d) If Bo = 1.34 RB/STB. What is the oil volume from (b) in surface barrels?. in surface cubic
feet?.
e) If Bg = 310 SCF/CF. What is the gas volume from (c) in surface cubic feet?. in surface
barrels?.
Problem #2: A well is being drilled to a depth of 10,000 ft. The wellbore diameter is 9 inches.
The drill string has an inside diameter of 4.5 inches and an outer diameter of 5 inches. What is
the volume of mud in the hole when it is at total depth (TD) and there is a complete drill string in
the hole?. Ignore collars and bit volume and assume the mud is incompressible. Answer in
cubic feet and barrels.
8
Problem #3: Data for the diagram shown below are:
a) Calculate pressure and temperature at each of the 7 zones indicated in the diagram.
b) What is the bubble point pressure for the oil in reservoir A?.
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Problem #4: Seismic data indicates an areal extent of a reservoir as one square mile. Other
reservoir properties are:
Zone N, % h, ft Sw, %
1 15.3 10 36.2
2 26.9 8 13.1
3 18.1 15 24.7
4 22.0 12 19.6
a) Calculate hydrocarbon pore volume in the reservoir. Give your answers in acre-ft, ft3, and
bbl.
b) Calculate the volume of oil in the reservoir. Give your answers in acre-ft, ft3, bbl, and STB if
Bo = 1.18 RB/STB.
Problem #5: A well drilled in an area had the following tests run: DST, temperature survey and
a suite of logs. A surface gas and oil samples were taken and recombined at simulated reservoir
conditions and a PVT analysis was done. From these measurements, the following reservoir
rock and fluid properties were determined:
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Problem #6: Consider the sketch below. If BHT at well A is 200 EF and BHT at well B is 232
EF.
11
EPS-441: Petroleum Development Geology
Semester: Homework #:
Name: SS#:
Problem #1: A well was drilled offshore into an unconsolidated formation. The used sand
control methods were not successful so the well was shut-in. The average annual surface
temperature in that area is 84 EF and the temperature gradient is 1.6 EF/100 ft. The shut-in
surface pressure is 850 psig and the shut-in bottom hole pressure is 2800 psig. It is known that
the wellbore (diameter = 5.5 inches) is filled with gas (SG = 0.78, z = 0.85), oil (API = 32E),
water (SG = 1.08), and water saturated sand (D = 35 gm/cc). Knowing that there is a 2500 ft of
gas, a 2000 ft of sand-free water, and a 500 ft of water-saturated sand, calculate the following:
Problem #2: Define the following using equations only - include units:
b) Porosity (N)
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Problem #3: Using the figure below and the following data:
Dw = 1.02 gm/cc
Do = 0.80 gm/cc
Dg = 0.10 gm/cc
patm = 14.7 psia
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