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    US 20171 us) United States 2) Patent Application Publication co) Pub. No.: US 2017/0192253 Al oy oy (6) RUBINSTEIN et al. OPTICAL ELEMENTS FOR POWER ADJUSTABLE SPECTACLES Applicans: TECHNION RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION LID., isa (IL); CONSEJO ACIONES, jacob RUBINSTEIN, Haifa (IL) Sergio BARBERO BRIONES, Madrid Appl. Nox 18/808,625 PCT Filed: May 21, 2015 PCT Nos PETAL 2015/050536 $371 (€X0) (2) Date Related U.S. Application Data Provisional application No, 62(001,301, filed on May 21, 2014, 922531 (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 6, 2017 Publication Classification an (2006.01) (200501), (32) GO2C 781 (2013.01); GRE 7128 (2013.01); Goze 2202/16 (201301) 6 ABSTRACT An optical element for use in power adjustable spectacles, Comprises a front lens and a back fens which ean slide laterally with respect to each other to achieve a first relative position and a second relative postion, The optical element ‘may be designed to provide good optical performance for fardistance viewing and for near-distance viewing, or 1 provide good optical performance for neardistance viewing find for intermediate-istance viewing. In some eases, the Front lens and the back lens ean slide laterally with respect to each other to achieve a third relative position, and the ‘optical element may be designed to provide good optical performance for fardistance viewing. for intermediate-is- ‘ance viewing and for nearaistance Viewing. Ina eases, the predetermined addition of the prescription is in the range of 10.50 diopters to 3.0 diopters. Vae We Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 1 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al FIG. 1 Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 2 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al ao L Qe ue ae & z FIG. 2a Zz FIG. 2b Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 3 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al FIG. 3 Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 4 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al FIG. 4a Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 5 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al FIG. 5a FIG. 5b Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 6 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 7 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al ae ——————__> = ———> oS Le ——— —____ + —_—— aa Li — zomemeenemmeme ed Pz} FY ~— Us _ EE —_— > ———— TL ———— a 2 — a Pi ———> a rn oS —_ in P2jLy = ——> a uy eae FIG. 7b Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 8 of 15 Pi Li Pa Li Uy FIG. 8b US 2017/0192253 AI Jul. 6,2017 Sheet 9 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al Patent Application Publication 902 LINDER C (DIRECTION a), PREDETERMINED POWER PREDETERMINED ADDITION A. y SELECT MULTIPLE GAZE DIRECTIONS Reesenon i) Fs ‘SELECT RELATI FORMULATE FUNCTION AS SUM OVER MULTIPLE GAZE DIRECTIONS OF WEIGHTED ERRORS, IN RELATIVE POSITIONS. ‘SELECT WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS FOR FUNCTION. ¥ ‘SELECT PARAMETERIZED COMPONENTS OF FRONT. SURFACE AND BACK SURFACE AND INITIAL PARAMETERS, FOR EXAMPLE, SELECT INITIAL PARAMETERS FOR BASE ‘SURFACES, ALVAREZ COEFFICIENTS, AND FREEFORM ‘SURFACES. Y OPTIMIZE FUNCTION OVER MULTIPLE Gaze DIRECTIONS, | THEREBY DETERMINING OPTIMAL PARAMETERS FOR FRONT: SURFACE AND BACK SURFACE 910 v CALCULATE SIZE OF OPTICAL WINDOWS (WHILE OPTICAL RATION AND WHILE OPTICAL |_/ ELEMENT IN FIRST CONFIGUI ELEMENT IN SECOND CONFIGURATION) WITHIN WHICH NOT DEVIATE NOTICEABLY POWER AND CYLINDER 00 o12 ‘Sizes OF OPTICAL WINDOWS ARE \CCEPTABLE! Yes FIG. 9 OPTICAL ELEMENT (DESCRIBED BY OPTIMAL PARAMETERS) HAVING GOOD OPTICAL PERFORMANCE AT RELATIVE POSITIONS o18 Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 10 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al Q FIG. 10b Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 11 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al 1102 PREDETERMINED ADDITION A \-—~ ¥ SELECT DIFFERENCE D. on SELECT INTERMEDIATE-DISTANCE OBJECTS AND NEAR-DISTANCE| OBJECTS, SELECT MULTIPLE GAZE DIRECTIONS | SELECT RELATIVE POSITIONS. FORMULATE FUNCTION AS SUM OVER MULTIPLE GAZE DIRECTIONS OF WEIGHTED ERRORS, IN RELATIVE POSITIONS, ‘SELECT WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS FOR FUNCTION. ¥ SELECT PARAMETERIZED COMPONENTS OF FRONT SURFACE AND BACK SURFACE AND INITIAL PARAMETERS. FOR EXAMPLE, SELECT INITIAL PARAMETERS FOR BASE SURFACES, ALVAREZ COEFFICIENTS, AND FREEFORM — |444 ‘SURFACES. y¥ 1108 OPTIMIZE FUNCTION OVER MULTIPLE GAZE DIRECTIONS, |) THEREBY DETERMINING OPTIMAL PARAMETERS FOR FRONT SURFACE AND BACK SURFACE ¥ CALCULATE SIZE OF OPTICAL WINDOWS (WHILE OPTICAL ELEMENT IN FIRST CONFIGURATION AND WHILE OPTICAL ELEMENT IN SECOND CONFIGURATION) WITHIN WHICH POWER AND CYLINDER DO NOT DEVIATE NOTICEABLY 1110 N 112 SIZES OF OPTICAL WINDOWS ARE \CCEPTABLEZ YES wi OPTICAL ELEMENT (DESCRIBED BY OPTIMAL PARAMETERS) HAVING GOOD OPTICAL. PERFORMANCE AT RELATIVE POSITIONS FIG. 11 Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 12 of 15 US 2017/0192253 Al 1202 PREDETERMINED POWER S, CYLINDER C (DIRECTION a), PREDETERMINED ADDITION A ‘SELECT DIFFERENCE D. SELECT FAR-DISTANCE OBJECTS, INTERMEDIATE-DISTANCE, OBJECTS AND NEAR-DISTANCE OBJECTS. SELECT MULTIPLE GAZE DIRECTIONS, SELECT RELATIVE POSITIONS FORMULATE FUNCTION AS SUM OVER MULTIPLE GAZE DIRECTIONS OF WEIGHTED ERRORS, IN RELATIVE POSITIONS. ‘SELECT WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS FOR FUNCTION. 1216 y 1206 SELECT PARAMETERIZED COMPONENTS OF FRONT. — | _/ SURFACE AND BACK SURFACE AND INITIAL PARAMETERS. FOR EXAMPLE, SELECT INITIAL PARAMETERS FOR BASE SURFACES, ALVAREZ COEFFICIENTS, ANDFREEFORM 144 ‘SURFACES. ¥ 1208 OPTIMIZE FUNCTION OVER MULTIPLE GAZE DIRECTIONS, | / THEREBY DETERMINING OPTIMAL PARAMETERS FOR FRONT ‘SURFACE AND BACK SURFACE 1 CALCULATE SIZE OF OPTICAL WINDOWS (WHILE OPTICAL | 4210 ELEMENT IN FIRST CONFIGURATION, WHILE OPTICAL | | ELEMENT IN SECOND CONFIGURATION, AND WHILE OPTICAL ELEMENT IN THIRD CONFIGURATION) WITHIN WHICH POWER AND CYLINDER DO NOT DEVIATE NOTICEABLY. 1212 ‘Sizes OF OPTICAL WINDOWS ARE 128 OPTICAL ELEMENT (DESCRIBED BY OPTIMAL, PARAMETERS) HAVING GOOD OPTICAL PERFORMANCE AT RELATIVE POSITIONS FIG. 12 ‘US 2017/0192253 AL Jul. 62017 Sheet 13 of 15 Patent Application Publication oO oo ©) () wopeyoa ago (0) wore. 9g peomi9.g J ? e 2 i 3 Z [eile 3 : (ea @ pyey04 asa eHUOZLOL 0 ie ore «@) G) wonepos ago ru OR WN . \ Js ON se Oz (0) won ak propa G) wonejor 949 pOHAD.A, el ‘Old ‘US 2017/0192253 AL Jul. 62017 Sheet 14 of 15 Patent Application Publication ) ©) () woneyos aga pemo7 HOT, (0 wopenor aga jeyuozp0 RT OF 4 0 Ow OF- oF ot 6 Ot OF- NON LOW ON pia \ Nee OAD _< Ye RN wf \ RAS 0 3 f (PS or & \ or 2 ah way’ 3 Vo in BE | ldo t EO re Soe : Ren ll "3 ; LL MUP NGS @ @) () Wopezoa ada peruOZpAOT () Wopejor 9X9 peyUOTHIOTT or 0m 0 0% OF or ot o Ot OF of we § g i 0 3 na i i Pe a Ss 3 vl Old Patent Application Publication Jul. 6, 2017 Sheet 15 of 1S US 2017/0192283 AL fs = € € z : ae Re E E bt ot Re ai me ve = a ; 7 $ ® © © at zi ae aS oot obe z 3 z F at at me ve — ie ae*se e252 8 ' 7 _ (0 woneoa 9% proms, () woneyos ao woms99, FIG. 15 US 2017/0192253 Al OPTICAL ELEMENI TECHNICAL FIELD. [0001] The technology described herein relates generally to the design of optical elements for power adjustable spectacles, also known as adjustable eyeulasses or adjust- able glasses, and also relates generally to the optical cle- ments and the power adjustable spectacles, BACKGROUND [0002] People start 0 lose their ability to foeus at near-by ‘objects around the age of 45. This medical condition is called presbyopia, It is caused by the reduced ability ofthe ‘eye's lens 10 contract (accommodate). One solution is read Ing. glasses (readers), which provide foeus at nearby ‘objects. ‘They are used by people who do not require fardistance vision correction. Readers can also be used by people who do require far-distance vision correction, who ia this case use two different pairs of glasses (one for far distance, and readers for neardistance). Another solution is bicfocal spectacles. There, the lens is divided into bvo parts with a sharp discontinuity between the pars. The smaller pant, located nearer 10 the nasal region, provides higher ‘optical power than in the lager part, and therefore the smaller part has the focal point for near-distance vision. Another solution is multifocal lenses, also called Progzes- sive Addition Lenses (PALs). Here the lens surface is Smooth, and the optical power changes gradually as the eye raves downwards and in the nasal direction [0003] -U-S. Pat. No. 3.305.294 to Alvare entiled “Two- ‘element variable-power spherical leas, discloses placing at ‘each half ofthe spectacles frame a two-lens element with 2 special profil, such that Isterally sliding one element with respect othe other element changes the optical power ofthe ‘combined two-efement lens. A particular example is when, the two lens elements each have a planar surface, while the ‘other surfaces are ofthe Form respectively: Alvarez used the thin lens approximation 19 derive the len equations set forth in that document (see col 8 lines 3-16). quick standard calculation, based onthe thin Jens approximation shows that a horizontal shift of 8 implies an optical power change dS4(n-1)A0 in the forward gaze direction, Where nis the reiractive index of the lenses Adjusting the parimeter A and the shift 9 can provide prescribed power change to account forthe lost aecommo- ‘dation of the person wearing the spectacles. The Alvarez profile (using Surfaces of the form above) has poor overall ‘optics. There were at least wo dificulies with his desig, First, Alvarez did not explicitly consider the effect of the two-element lens thickness on the poser. This is problem- atic because the special profile he sed yields a fast-growing thickness. and this the thin lens approximation is aot valid. Second, Alvarez neglected the fact thatthe eye seans 2 visual Scene in many dircctions, and the optical perfomance is allecte by this 0008} The Alvarez concept was revived in recent years with an entirely different purpose in mind: supplying aiford- Jul. 6, 2017 able adjustable Jeases to solve the finetional. blindness prablem in developing countries, This problem affects a few ‘hundred million people inthe world. Some of these people do not have access to eyecare professional, and thus do not ‘even know theie prescription, Supplying these poople with forrect spectacles is also dull. Therefore, the option of power adjustable spectacles that can be adjusted by the ‘wearer to optimally fix hisher eyesight scems promising. 0005] The Alvarez concept as originally disclosed has been applied, together with a new design of frames that tenable the lens relative shift in U.S. Pat. No. 7.980.600 to ‘Baroa van Asbeck and in US. Pat, No. 7,637,608 to Van Der “Heljde et al. Also of interest ure the designs disclosed in PCT Publication No. WO2013/030008, PCT Publication No. 'W02012/076840, and US. Publication No. 2013/0141602. [0006] The inventors sumed in this instant application ted the progress in understanding and designing spectacle Tenses over the past 25 years to improve the optical quality ‘of each optical element (combined from two Fenses). This is disclosed in S, Barbero and J. Rubinstein, “Adjustable-focus lenses based on the Alvarez-Lohmann principle J. Opts, Vol. 13, 125708, published 2011. Indeed, an acceptable optical performance was achieved over a small optical ‘Window, and over a dynamic range of 5 diopters, which isa good range for the parpose of mass distribution of poser adjustable spectacles in developing countries. [0007] An alterative frame design was proposed in A, Zopata and S. Barbero, "Mechanical design of a power adjustable spectacle lens frame”, J. Biomed. Opt. vo. 16 (0$5001-6, published 2011 [0008] Tae requirement ofa large dynamic mnge (at least 5 diopters) forthe Tunetional blindness problem in devel- ‘oping countries makes it very hard to provide good optical quality over a reasonable-sized optical window surrounding the forward gaze direction SUMMARY, [0009] An optical element for use in power adjustable spectacles comprises a front lens and a back lens which can slide laterally with respect to each other to achieve a fr relative position and a second relative postion, [0010] Ina first case, the optical element may be designed to provide good! optical performance for farsistance view ing and for near-distanee viewing, where the preseription is of fardistance correction given by a predetermined optical power $ with zero predetermined cylinder C and a prede- termined addition A. [011] In a second case, the optical element may be Uesigned to provide good optical perfomance for far tance viewing and for neardistance viewing, where the prescription is of faristance eorretion given by a prede- termined optical power S with non-zero predetermined cylinder C in a cylinder dircction cand a predetermined addition A [0012] Ina third case, the optical element may be designed {o provide good optical performance for intemediate- lance viewing and for neardistance viewing, where the prescription is of zero faristance power correction (emme- fropie) and zero cylinder and a predetermined addition A. [013] The front lens and the back lens may be able 0 slide laterally with respect to each other to achieve a third relative position, and the optical element may be designed t0 US 2017/0192253 Al provide good optical performance for far-distance viewing, for intermodiste-distance viewing and for neurdistance viewing [0014] "The predetermined addition Aof the preseription is Jn the range of 0.50 diopters 0 3.00 diopters. [0015] Methods for designing the optical element are described, BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS [0016] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of power adjustable spectacles 10017] FIG. 2a and FIG. 2 are perspective views of an ‘example optical element for use in power adjustable spoc~ tacles, the optical element consisting ofa front lens and a back lens: [0018] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an example ‘optical clement, illustrating a relative positon of the front Teas and the back lens when their planar surfaces are ‘coincident (a “est positon”); [0019] FIG. 4a a4 FIG, 4 are cross-sectional views ofa ‘example optical element, illustrating to different example relative postions of the lenses that may be achieved by sliding the front Tens laterally while the back lens remains fixed: [0020] FIG. Sa and FIG, 8 are cross-sectional views of an ‘example optical element, illustrating to different example relative postions of the lenses that may he achieved by sliding the back lens laterally while the front lens remains fixed: [0021] FIG. 6a ox FIG, 6 are cross-sectional views ofa ‘example optical clement, illustrating ovo dillerent example Felative positions of the lenses that may be achieved by sliding both the front lens and the back ens laterally in ‘opposite directions relative to a frame of the power adjust- able spectacles: 10022] FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b are cross-sectional views of an ‘example optical clement that i the rest positon provides aa ‘optical power of 3.00 diopters and in another configuration provides an optical power of ~1.00 diopters; 10023] FIG. 8a and FIG, 8 are cross-sectional views of an ‘example optical element that ina fist configuration shitted from the rest position provides an optical pawer of ~3.00 diopters and in a second configuration shifted from the rest positon provides an optical power of ~1.00 diopters; 10024) FIG. 9 is a simplified Nowehart illustration of an ‘example design method for designing an optical element to provile good optical performance for farstance viewing And for near-distance Viewing’ 10025] FIG, 10a and FIG. 106 illustrate mnuiple gaze directions for farsistance objects and for aeardistance objects, respectively; 10026] FIG. 11 isa simplified fowehar illustration of an ‘example design method for designing an optical clement to provide good optical performance for intermectate-distance Viewing and for neardistance viewing: [0027], FIG. 12 isa simplified fowchar illustration of an ‘example design method for designing an optical element t0 provide good optical performance far fardistance viewing, for intermediatedistince Viewing and for neardistance Viewing: [0028] FIG. 18a and FIG. 13b show the power error isiibution and the eylinder ere distebution, respectively. ‘of an example optical clement for different gaze directions While the lenses are ina first relative positon, and FIG. 13¢ Jul. 6, 2017 and FIG. 12d show the power eror distribution and the cylinder eror distribution, respectively, of the example ‘optical element for different gaze directions while the lenses fare ina second relative position, for an addition of +2.00 diopters; [0029] FIG, 14a and FIG. 145 show the power enor ‘strbution and the eylinder error distribution, respectively, ‘of an example optical element for different ze direetions ‘while the lenses are ina ist relative position, and FIG. 14e and FIG. 14d show the power error distribution and the cylinder err distribution, respectively, of the example ‘optical element for different gaze directions while the lenses fare ino second relative position, for an addition of +3.00 iopters; and [0030] FIG. 184 and FIG. 186 show the power error istribution and the eylinder error distribution, respectively, of an example optical element for different gaze directions ‘while the lenses are ina first relative position, and FIG. 1S¢ fand FIG. 184 show the power emor distribution and the evlinder err distribution, respectively, of the example ‘optical element for different gaze directions while the lenses are in @ second relative position, for an addition of +1.00 Gopters, DETAILED DESCRIPTION [031] Reference axes x-y-7 ae illastrated i the drawings fand discussed throughout this document. When # person ‘wears power adjustable spectacles containing an optical clement, the z-axis is parallel tothe forward gaze direction, the x-axis is parallel 16 a horizontal Kine joining the irises of the person's eyes, and they-axis is perpendicular to both the axis and the z-axis, As described below firs lens is & planar surface anda second les has a plana surface and the ‘optical element consists of the two lenses positioned with theie planar surfaces substantially in contact with eachother The x-y plane is parallel othe planar surace othe first Fens and to the planar surface of the second lens. Lateral shifs ‘long the x-axis ate refered to as “horizontal” shits, and lateral shifts along the y-axis are elered to as “vertical” shifts. In this document the tem “planar surlace™ includes a Surface that i substantially plana, for example, a spherical surface, or other surfaces, having large radius of eurvature [0032] The eye can hanlly notice a difference of optical power of cylinder of under 0.25 diopters, This was estab- Tished, for example, in G. J. Burton and N. D. Haig, “Effects of the Seidel aberrations on visual target discrimination ‘Journal ofthe Optical Society of America, vol. 1, 73-385, published in 1985. Soe also R. Legras, N. Chateau, and W. N. Charman, “Assessment of just-notceable dilferences for relfactive errors and spherical aberration using visual sin- lation, Optom, Vis. Sci. 81(9), 718-728, published in 2008 ‘Therefore, this tolerance will be used throughout the description. The importance of precise cylinder may be less crucial in nea-distance vision tasks due to the depth of focus increase during accommodation. That is, atypical human ‘may find it tolerable for the eylinder to deviate from a prescribed cylinder (which may be zero diopters) by up to (05 diopters for nearistance vision tasks. Therefore this tolerance for eylinder error for nearlstance viewing willbe ‘sed throughout the description. Throughout the description ‘and the claims, the phrase “oes not deviate noticeably from means "does not deviate from . . more than the tolerance described hereinabove", and the phase “he deviae US 2017/0192253 Al tion is tolerable” means “the deviation does not exceed the tolerance desribed hereinabove". 10023] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of example power adjustable spectacles 2 (also known as adjustable eyeglasses or adjustable glasses). A frame 4 of the power adjustable spectacles 2 holds an optical clement 6 forthe right eye and an optical element 10 for the left eye. ‘The following “discussion describes properties ofthe optical element 10 and techniques for designing the optical clement 10. The same techniques can be used to design the optical clement 6 10 have properties similar to the properties of the optical clement 10 0034] The optical clement 10 consists of two lenses (2 front len and a back lens) which can slide laterally (that is inthe xy plane) with respect to each other to achieve a frst relative position and a second relative position, The frame 4 provides the means by which the two leases can slide Jateally with respeet to each other, Examples of such fames include the frames diselosed in U.S. Put. No. 7.980,690 to Baron van Asbock and in U.S. Pat, No, 7,637,608 to Van Dee Heide etal. and the frames disclosed in A. Zapata and S. Barbero, “Mechanical design of a paweradjustable spec- tacle lens frame”, J. Biomed. Opt, vel. 16, 055001-6, published 2011. Other frame designs that permit the two leases t slide Interally with respect to each other to achieve firs relative position anda second relative position are also suitable 10035] Ina first case, the optical element 10 is designed 10 provide good opteal performance for farlistance viewing and for near-distance viewing to person who has a left-eye prescription of fardistance power eorection given by @ Predetermined optieal power S with zero predetermined ‘eylinder C and a predetermined addition A. The predeter- ‘ined addition A is in the range of +0.50 diopters to 43.00

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