Toefl Study
S+Must Be + V-ing
I. Structure
1. In english sentence must have S and V
S+V
The sound of hairdryer + bothers my
concentration
2. Agree; Appear; arrange; ask; claim;
consent; decide; demand; deserve;
expect; fail; forget; hesitate; hope;
intend; learn; manage; mean; need;
offer; plan; prepare; pretend;
promise; refuse; seem; tend;
threaten; wait; want
S + V (the verb word above) + C-
infinitive (to ......)+M
S+ BE (is am, are, was, were)+V-ing+
C infinitve
I wanted +to speak with him
The tiger is claiming + to kill the goat
3. Admit; appreciate; avoid;complete;
consider; delay; deny; discuss; enjoy;
finish; keep; mention; miss; postpone;
practice; quit; recall; recomend;
regret; risk; stop; suggest; tolerate;
understand
S+V (the verb word above)+ V-ing+ M
He+ enjoys+ travelling +by plane
She considers not + going
She is considering not + going
4. Aprove of: be better of; cant help;
count on; do not mind; forget about;
get through; insist on; look foward to;
object to; think about; think of
S+V phrase + C-ing+ M
Lets go to the movie when you get
through + studying
We would not mind+ waiting
5. S+ V2 + M (past tense)
The cocert+ began + at 10 o’clock
6. S+Modals+V
S + must; may; might; can; could;
would; shall + V
I + must+ stop + the car
7. S+ Must Have+ V3
8.
9. S+Know + Noun
S + Know + How + infinitive (to.......)
10. S+ Used to + V
S + BE ( was, were) + Used to + V-ing
11. S+ Had Better + V
S+ Had better+ Not + V
12. S+ would rather + V
S+ would rather+ Not + V
13. S+ would rather +That + S+ V2
S+ would rather+ That+S+ Didn’t+ V
14. Please Don’t + V
Would You Please Not + V
15. S+ Make/Made+ Someone
(him/her/us)+ V
S+Make/Made+something+V
16. S/let’s +get+someone+V-infinitive
(to....)
S/let’s +get +Something+V3
17. S+ Have/had +someone+ V
S+Have+Something+V3
18. S+Let+someone+ V
S+BE+Letting+Something+V
19. S+Help+Someone+ V/ infinitive (to...)
20. If+S+V(with s)/(BE+V3) , S+V(with
s)+...
If+S+V/(BE+V3) , S+will+ V(no s)+...
21. If+ S+V+..., S+will/can/may+V
S+will/can/may+V, If+S+V
22. If+ S+V2+..., S+Would/could/might+V
S+ Would/could/might +V, If+S+V2
23. If+ S+Had+V3+,
S+Would/could/might+have+V3
24. If+S+were+....., S+could/would/might
+V
25. S+V+ Unless + S+V(with s)
We can’t go unless she goes / they go
26. Ask; demand; desire; insist; prefer;
propose; recomend; request; require;
suggest;urge
S+V(listed above)+THAT+S+V
27. Demand; insistence; preference;
proposal; recomendation; request;
requirement; suggestion
Noun+ THAT+S+V
(the..........(words listed above)
28. Essensial; imperative; important;
mecessary (adj)
It Is+ Adj + to....(infinitive)+...
It Is+ Adj+THAT+S+V
29. S+V+C+ infinitive(purpose) +...
She +Jogs+to stay+ fit
30. S+BE+V3+......(passive sentense)
31. ..........+by+person/machine (passive
sentence)
32. S+BE(present)+TO BE+V3+future time
S+BE(past)+TO BE+V3+ past time
33. S+NEED+V-ing
S+NEED+To Be+V3
(repair or improvement)
34. It is believed; it is hypothesized; itis
known; it is said; it is thoght; it is
true; it is written
Anticipatory it +THAT+S+V
(word listed above)
35. S+HAVE+V3+duration (since/for)
36. S+HAVE+BEEN+V3
37. Adverb(future)+S+WILL+HAVE+V3
38. S+HAD HOPED+THAT+S+WOULD+V
39. ...+BE+V-ing+....
...+HAVE+V3+...
...+Modals+V1+...
40. S+BE+V3
S+HAVE+BEEN+v3
S+SHOULD/Could+Be
41. Pronoun (S)+V
If the weather is good, Ellen and
I+will go to the beach
I,You, He/She,They, We,it
(pronoun(S))
42. It+BE+Pronoun
(S)+...Who/Whom......
43. S+V+pronoun (O)
Pronoun(O)
me,you,her/him,it,us,them
44. ....+prepotition+pronoun (O)
Prepotition : among, between,
for,from, of, to, with
45. S+Vphrase/V+ pronoun
(possesive)+V-ing (noun)
pronoun (possesive)
my,your,her,his,its,our,their
46. ...+ pronoun (possesive)+Noun(part
of body)
47. ...someone+Who+.....
...something+Which+....
48. ...+Who+V+...
...+Whom+S+V+....
49. S+V+pronoun(reflexive)
Pronoun(reflexive)
Myself,yourself,
hih/herself,itself,ourselves,
yourselves, themselves
50. S+V+pronoun(reciprocal) (each
other)+....
51. Noun+V (singular)
Friendship+is+important
Thosi speaks the japanese (incorrect)
Thosi speaks japanese (correct)
Bread are (incorect)
Bread is (corect)
52. A .... (count noun) =spesifict meaning
.....(without a ...) = general meaning
53. ....+a+noun(count)+...
54. Avoid using a/an before nonccount
Nouncount
Advice,anger, courage, damage,
equipment,fun, homework,
ignorance, information, knowledge,
leisure, luck, money, music, news,
patience, permission, poetry,
poverty, progress
55. ...+a+singular+of+noun(noncount)
...a piece of.....
...+number+plural+of+
noun(noncount)
Twelfe bars of.....
56. .....+Kinds/Types+of+noun
plural/noncount
57. One+kind/type+of+ noun
singular/noncount
58. S(infinitive)+V+...
S(V-ing)+V+...
59. The+V-ing+(qualifyng
phrase)/Noun+...
The Writing is an art
60. That+clause S+V
That birds+ migrate long distance is
well documented
61. A+ consonant sound (not consonant
letter)
An+ vowel sound (not vowel letter)
62. The+noncount noun+quailifying
phrase+...
The + art + of middle ages is on
display
63. all+noncount noun+V singular+...
all+noun(countplural) (with s)+V
plural
64. No+ Noun (singular/plural) +
V(singular/plural)
No+noun(noncount)+Vsingular+...
65. one of the+noun (plural)+V singular
some of the+Noun(plural)+Vplural
some of
the+noun(noncount)+Vsingular
66. few+noun(count)+..
....+Little+Noun(noncount)
67. ...Many+noun(count-plural)...
...much+Noun(noncount)
68. ....a little/little+noun(noncount)
...a few/few+Noun(count-plural)
69. Only+A Few+noun(count-plural)
Only + A little+noun(noncount)
70. A large/small number of+noun
(plural/noncount)+...
71. Almost all/Most +optional (of the/-)+
Noun(count-plural)+Vplural
Almost All/most+optional(Of the/-)
+Vsingular
72. ...enough+noun(count-
plural)/noncount
... noun(count-
plural)/noncount+enough
73. S+V+adj+enough+infinitive(to....)
S+V+not+adj+enough+infinitive(to ...)
74. One+count
noun(singular)+..+another+count
noun (singular)+...+the other+ count
noun (singular)
75. For adjective (houses,people..)
some+count
noun(plural)+..+other+count noun
(plural)+...+the other/the rest of the+
count noun (plural)
76. For pronoun
some+count
noun(plural)+..+others+count noun
(plural)+...+the others/the rest +
count noun (plural)
77. ...+the+ordinal number+count
noun(singular)
I’m outlining the sixth chapter...
...+count noun(singular+cardinal
number+...
I’m outlining chapter six...
78. ......+noun+noun
Telephone number
Automobile insurance
Shoe store
79. .....+a+adjctve+adjctve+noun
A -five-hour-class
....a+adjtve+adjctve+adjctve+noun
A-sixty-year-old-employee
80. ....-ed adjective (by someone or
something)
The audience is thrilled...
...-ing adjective (to
someone/somthing)
The concert is thrilling...
81. S+V+so+adverb/adjctive+that+S+V
82. S+V+such+a+adjective+coun noun
singular+that+S+V
S+V+so+adjective+a+coun noun
singular+that+S+V
S+V+such+adjective+coun noun
plural/noncount+that+S+V
83. ...+too+adjective+ infinitive (to ...)
...+very+adjective
84. S+sense(V)+adjective+..
85. Noun+..+the same as+ noun
Noun+...+noun+...+the same
Noun(plural)+...+the same
86. Noun+..+similar to+ noun
Noun+...+noun+...+similar
Noun(plural)+...+similar
87. Noun+..+like+ noun
Noun+...+noun+...+alike
Noun(plural)+...+alike
88. Age,colour, height, length, price, size,
style, weight
N+V+the same+N (word
above)+as+noun
89. Big,cheap,clear,cold,easy,expensive,
hard,heavy,hot,large,light,little,long,
old,short,small,tall,young
N+V+as+adj(word above)+as+N
90. Noun+..+different from+ noun
Noun+...+noun+...+different
Noun(plural)+...+different
91. Noun+ is + different from +that........
Noun+and+noun+...are+different
Noun(pural) + are+different
92. This one differs from the rest
93. Fruit twice as much as+.....
We have half as many as+......
94. Has+more than +number
Has+less than+number
95. We should have+as many as+number
96. More difficult +than
Harder +than
Easier+than
97. The most difficult
The hardest
The trickiest