DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL..................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR............................................. ii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TUGAS AKHIR.......................................... iii
ABSTRAK..................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT................................................................................................... v
KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................... vi
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH......................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR..................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR TABEL.......................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR SIMBOL....................................................................................... xvi
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang........................................................................ 1
1.2. Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................... 2
1.3. Batasan Masalah...................................................................... 2
1.4. Metodelogi Penulisan.............................................................. 2
1.5. Sistematika Penulisan.............................................................. 3
BAB II. TINJAUAN UMUM LAPANGAN................................................ 5
2.1. Sejarah Umum Badan Operasi Bersama PT. Bumi Siak .......... 5
Pusako Pertamina Hulu
2.2. Lingkup Kerja Perusahaan ...................................................... 6
2.2.1. Wilayah Kerja................................................................ 6
2.2.2. Daerah Operasional Perusahaan.................................... 7
2.3. Geologi Regional Cekungan Tengah Sumatera......................... 8
2.4 Struktur Geologi dan Tektonik Cekungan Sumatra Tengah ....... 10
2.5 Stratigrafi Cekungan Sumatera Tengah....................................... 13
2.6 Petroleum System Cekungan Sumatera tengah........................... 19

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BAB III. TEORI DASAR ............................................................................ 22
3.1. Injeksi Air (Waterflooding)....................................................... 22
3.1.1. Perencanaan Waterflood.................................................. 23
3.1.2. Penentuan Lokasi Sumur Injeksi - Produksi................... 24
3.2. Pemilihan Laju dan Tekanan Injeksi.......................................... 26
3.2.1. Laju Injeksi....................................................................... 26
3.2.2. Tekanan Injeksi di Dalam Sumur..................................... 27
3.2.3. Tekanan Injeksi di Kepala Sumur.................................... 29
3.3. Perencanaan Fasilitas Air........................................................... 29
3.3.1. Air Produksi Sebagai Fluida Injeksi................................ 29
3.4. Kualitas Air Injeksi.................................................................... 30
3.4.1. Kecenderungan Pembentukan Scale................................ 31
3.4.2. Kandungan Bakteri dan Mikro Organisme...................... 34
3.4.3. Kecocokan (compability)................................................. 35
3.4.4. Sensitivitas Formasi......................................................... 35
3.4.4.1. Kecenderungan Scale CaCO3.............................. 35
3.4.4.2. Kecenderungan Scale CaSO4.............................. 35
3.4.4.3. Kecenderungan Scale BaSO4.............................. 35
3.5. Perencanaan Pipa Penyalur........................................................ 36
3.5.1. Pemilihan Ukuran Pipa.................................................... 36
3.5.2. Pemilihan Ketebalan Pipa................................................ 37
3.6. Simulator Pipesim 2009............................................................. 38
3.6.1. Analisa Pipeline & Facilities........................................... 38
3.6.2. Analisa Well Performance................................................ 39
3.6.3. Analisa Jaringan (Networking)......................................... 39
3.6.4. Production Optimization.................................................. 40
3.6.5. Persiapan Data Lapangan................................................. 40
3.6.5.1. Data Reservoir dan Sumur.................................. 40
3.6.5.2. Data Pipa dan Jaringan........................................ 41
3.6.6. Pembuatan Model pada Pipesim ..................................... 41
3.6.6.1. Pemilihan Fluida................................................. 41

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 3.6.6.2. Pemilihan Korelasi Aliran................................... 41
3.6.6.3. Pembuatan Model Single Branch........................ 42
3.6.6.4. Pembuatan Model Network................................. 43
BAB IV. SURVEY DAN PROSES DATA LAPANGAN............................ 45
4.1. Peta Jaringan Pipeline Lapangan AL......................................... 45
4.2. Data Masukan Dalam Pipesim................................................... 47
4.3. Data Pipa Lapangan AL............................................................. 48
4.3.1. Data Flowline dari Wellhead ke Manifold........................ 48
4.3.2. Data Properti Sumur .................................................... 50
4.4. Data Karakteristik Fluida Reservoir........................................... 51
4.5. Korelasi yang digunakan dalam Pipesim................................... 53
4.6. Data Asumsi......................... ..................................................... 54
4.7. Proses Matching Data dalam Simulator..................................... 54
4.7.1. Pembuatan Model............................................................ 55
4.7.2. Pemilihan Fluida......... .................................................... 55
4.7.3. Pembuatan Model Singel Branch ................................... 56
4.7.4. Input Data.................... ................................................... 56
4.8. Pelaksanaan Model..................................................................... 59
4.8.1. Pembuatan Model Network.............................................. 60
4.9. Hasil Running Simulasi.............................................................. 64
BAB V. ANALISA DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN...................................... 66
5.1. Analisa Calculate Data Flow Rate............................................. 66
5.2. Membuat Jaringan Pemipaan Injeksi pada Lapangan AL.......... 69
5.3. Melakukan History Matching Laju Alir Injeksi ........................ 75
5.4. Melakukan Identifikasi Permasalahan....................................... 76

BAB VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN...................................................... 85

6.1. Kesimpulan .............................................................................. 85
6.2. Saran .......................................................................................... 85

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 87

LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

2.1. Struktur Kepemilikan Badan Usaha Bumi Operasi Bersama............... 6

2.2. Production Forecsat Badan Operasi Bersama Coastal Plain............... 7
2.3. Wilayah Kerja Badan Operasi Bersama................................................ 8
2.4. Fisiografi Cekungan Sumatera Tengah................................................. 9
2.5. Kerangka tektonik struktur geologi yang berkembang ........................ 12
pada fase F2 dan fase F3 di cekungan Sumatera tengah
2.6. Penyebaran batuan dasar (basement) Cekungan Sumatera Tengah...... 14
2.7. Kolom Stratigrafi Cekungan Sumatera tengah..................................... 19
2.8. Petroleum System Cekungan Sumatera Tengah.................................... 21
3.1. Kedudukan air sepanjang jalur arus...................................................... 22
3.2. Parting pressure.................................................................................... 28
3.3. Single branch model.............................................................................. 43
3.4. Network branch model.......................................................................... 44
4.1. Jaringan pipa pada lapangan AL........................................................... 46
4.2. Inputing Data Sumur Injeksi lapangan AL (Pipesim)........................... 56
4.3. Inputing Data Resevoir Sumur Injeksi lapangan AL............................ 57
4.4. Inputing Data Tubing............................................................................ 58
4.5. Inputing Flowline Data......................................................................... 58
4.6. Model Single Branch............................................................................ 59
4.7. Model Branch Menuju Junction........................................................... 60
4.8. Model Network Lapangan AL(North Area).......................................... 61
4.9. Model Network Lapangan AL(Central Area)....................................... 62
4.10. Model Network Lapangan AL(South Area).......................................... 63
5.1. Grafik Perbandingan flow rate (BWPD) pertama EOR........................ 67
& kondisi sekarang
5.2. Grafik Produksi air pada beberapa sumur produksi sekitar sumur
68

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 injeksi lapangan AL area
5.3. Jaringan Pemipaan Sumur Injeksi Air (AL North Area)....................... 71
5.4. Jaringan Pemipaan Sumur Injeksi Air (AL Central Area).................... 72
5.5. Jaringan Pemipaan Sumur Injeksi Air (AL South Area)....................... 73
5.6. Grafik history matching lapangan AL area........................................ 76
5.7. Hasil uji laboratorium water analysis................................................... 77
5.8. corrosion coupon setelah dipakai (kiri) dan sebelum (kanan).............. 79
5.9. Grafik Perbandingan injcectivity index aktual (2016) dan
80
hasil runing pipesim injectivity index
5.10. Choke setting pada aplikasi pipesim..................................................... 81

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Halaman

3.1. Jenis-jenis scale dilapangan minyak & gas........................................ 32

4.1. Data Flowline dari Wellhead ke manifold di Lapangan AL.................48
4.2. Properti Sumur Lapangan AL............................................................ 50
4.3. Karakteristik Fluida Lapangan AL..................................................... 52
4.4. Korelasi Model Aliran........................................................................ 54
4.5. Data Asumsi di Pipesim..................................................................... 54
4.6. Hasil Matching Sumur Injeksi........................................................... 64
5.1. Data Sumur Lapangan AL Area......................................................... 69
5.2. Hasil analisa corrosion coupon setelah dilakukan pengujian............ 79

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 DAFTAR SIMBOL

A : Luas Penampang, cm2

Bc : Konsistensi Suspensi Semen
BWPD : Barrel Water Per Day, bbl/day
BOPD : Barrel Oil Per Day, bbl/day
D : Kedalaman, ft
DOD : Dead Oil Density, lb/ft3
GOR : Gas Oil Rasio, scf/STB
Gf : Gradien Formasi, normal 0.433 psi/ft
ID : Inner Diameter, Inchi
K : Permeabilitas, darcy
L : Panjang Sampel, cm
MD : Measured Depth, ft
OOIP : Original Oil In Plance, stb
PI : Produktivity Index, stb/d/psi
Ps : Tekanan Statik, psi
Q : Laju Alir, ml/s
TVD : True Vertical Depth, ft
WC : Water Cut, %
µ : Viskositas Air, cp
ΔP : Perbedaan Tekanan, atm
Δt : Transit Time, µs
ρ : Densitas, ppg

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