James Kessler
Manager, K-8 Science Education
American Chemical Society
2
American Chemical Society
Middleschoolchemistry.com
Big Ideas about the Very Small
What is middleschoolchemistry.com?
• Student Reading
• Test Bank
What does the periodic table tell us about atoms and why do
atoms bond together to make molecules?
0 5 10
Have never Willing to listen if Stay up nights
thought about it it doesn’t take too pondering this
and happy that long
way
Discussion: What are the three tiny particles that make up an atom?
Introduce a version of the model that students
will be working with throughout the chapter.
Why?
An atom is spherical.
The first energy level is closest to the nucleus and can hold a
maximum of 2 electrons.
The second energy level is further from the nucleus and can hold
a maximum of 8 electrons.
The third energy level is still further from the nucleus and can
hold a maximum of 18 electrons. After the third level has 8, the
next two electrons go into the fourth level, and then electrons
begin to fill the third level again until it has 18.
Atomic size decreases as atomic number increases from left to right across a
row.
Electrons are attracted and pulled toward the nucleus more as the number of
protons (positive charge) increases.
Graph shows that the relationship between atomic size and atomic number
has a periodic, or up and down, trend.
Sodium in Water
Sodium in Acid
Since both atoms are the same, they have the same
attraction for electrons and the sharing is equal.
James Kessler
Manager, K-8 Science Education
American Chemical Society
45
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