Solution Manual for A Brief Course in Mathematical Statistics 1st Edition by Tanis and Hogg

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Chapter 1

Probability

1.1 Basic Concepts

1.1-2 (a) O = {HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HTHH, THHH, HHTT, HTTH, TTHH,
HTHT, THTH, THHT, HTTT, THTT, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT};
(b) (i) 5/16, (ii) 0, (iii) 11/16, (iv) 4/16, (v) 4/16, (vi) 9/16, (vii) 4/16.

1.1-4 (a) P (A ∪ B) = 0.4 + 0.5 − 0.3 = 0.6;

(b) A = (A ∩ B 0 ) ∪ (A ∩ B)
P (A) = P (A ∩ B 0 ) + P (A ∩ B)
0.4 = P (A ∩ B 0 ) + 0.3
P (A ∩ B) = 0.1;
(c) P (A0 ∪ B 0 ) = P [(A ∩ B)0 ] = 1 − P (A ∩ B) = 1 − 0.3 = 0.7.

1.1-6 (a) P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∩ B)

0.7 = 0.4 + 0.5 − P (A ∩ B)
P (A ∩ B) = 0.2;
(b) P (A0 ∪ B 0 ) = P [(A ∩ B)0 ] = 1 − P (A ∩ B)
= 1 − 0.2
= 0.8.

1.1-8 (a) O = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5)};
(b) (i) 1/10; (ii) 5/10.
√ √
2[r − r( 3/2)] 3
1.1-10 P (A) = =1− .
2r 2

1.1-12 A∪B∪C = A ∪ (B ∪ C)
P (A ∪ B ∪ C) = P (A) + P (B ∪ C) − P [A ∩ (B ∪ C)]
= P (A) + P (B) + P (C) − P (B ∩ C) − P [(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)]
= P (A) + P (B) + P (C) − P (B ∩ C) − P (A ∩ B) − P (A ∩ C)
+ P (A ∩ B ∩ C).

1
2 Chapter 1

1.2 Methods of Enumeration

1.2-2 (4)(3)(2) = 24.
1.2-4 (a) (4)(5)(2) = 40; (b) (2)(2)(2) = 8.
1.2-6 O ={ FFF, FFRF, FRFF, RFFF, FFRRF, FRFRF, RFFRF, FRRFF,
RFRFF, RRFFF, RRR, RRFR, RFRR, FRRR, RRFFR, RFRFR,
FRRFR, RFFRR, FRFRR, FFRRR } so there are 20 possibilities.
µ ¶ µ ¶
n−1 n−1 (n − 1)! (n − 1)!
1.2-8 + = +
r r−1 r!(n − 1 − r)! (r − 1)!(n − r)!
µ ¶
(n − r)(n − 1)! + r(n − 1)! n! n
= = = .
r!(n − r)! r!(n − r)! r
Xn µ ¶ X n µ ¶
n n r n−r r n
1.2-10 0 = (1 − 1) = (−1) (1) = (−1) .
r=0
r r=0
r
Xn µ ¶ Xn µ ¶
n n
2n = (1 + 1)n = (1)r (1)n−r = .
r=0
r r=0
r

1.3 Conditional Probability

1041
1.3-2 (a) ;
1456
392
(b) ;
633
649
(c) .
823
(d) The proportion of women who favor a gun law is greater than the proportion of men
who favor a gun law.
13 12 1
1.3-4 (a) P (HH) = · = ;
52 51 17
13 13 13
(b) P (HC) = · = ;
52 51 204
(c) P (Non-Ace Heart, Ace) + P (Ace of Hearts, Non-Heart Ace)
12 4 1 3 51 1
= · + · = = .
52 51 52 51 52 · 51 52
8 7 56
1.3-6 (a) · = ;
14 13 182
6 5 30
(b) · = ;
14 13 182
µ ¶ · ¸
8 6 96 56 30 96
(c) 2 · = or 1 − + = .
14 13 182 182 182 182
µ ¶µ ¶ µ ¶µ ¶
2 8 2 8
0 5 2 1 4 1 1
1.3-8 µ ¶ · + µ ¶ · = .
10 5 10 5 5
5 5
1 1 1
1.3-10 (a) It doesn’t matter because P (B1 ) = , P (B5 ) = , P (B18 ) = ;
18 18 18
Probability 3

2 1
(b) P (B) = = on each draw.
18 9
3 5 2 4 23
1.3-12 · + · = .
5 8 5 8 40

1.4 Independent Events

1.4-2 (a) P (A ∩ B) = P (A)P (B) = (0.3)(0.6) = 0.18;
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∩ B)
= 0.3 + 0.6 − 0.18
= 0.72.
P (A ∩ B) 0
(b) P (A|B) = = = 0.
P (B) 0.6

1.4-4 P [A ∩ (B ∩ C)] = P [A ∩ B ∩ C]
= P (A)P (B)P (C)
= P (A)P (B ∩ C).
P [A ∩ (B ∪ C)] = P [(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)]
= P (A ∩ B) + P (A ∩ C) − P (A ∩ B ∩ C)
= P (A)P (B) + P (A)P (C) − P (A)P (B)P (C)
= P (A)[P (B) + P (C) − P (B ∩ C)]
= P (A)P (B ∪ C).
P [A0 ∩ (B ∩ C 0 )] = P (A0 ∩ C 0 ∩ B)
= P (B)[P (A0 ∩ C 0 ) | B]
= P (B)[1 − P (A ∪ C | B)]
= P (B)[1 − P (A ∪ C)]
= P (B)P [(A ∪ C)0 ]
= P (B)P (A0 ∩ C 0 )
= P (B)P (A0 )P (C 0 )
= P (A0 )P (B)P (C 0 )
= P (A0 )P (B ∩ C 0 )
P [A0 ∩ B 0 ∩ C 0 ] = P [(A ∪ B ∪ C)0 ]
= 1 − P (A ∪ B ∪ C)
= 1 − P (A) − P (B) − P (C) + P (A)P (B) + P (A)P (C)+
P (B)P (C) − P A)P (B)P (C)
= [1 − P (A)][1 − P (B)][1 − P (C)]
= P (A0 )P (B 0 )P (C 0 ).
1 2 3 1 4 3 5 2 3 2
1.4-6 · · + · · + · · = .
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 9
3 3 9
1.4-8 (a) · = ;
4 4 16
1 3 3 2 9
(b) · + · = ;
4 4 4 4 16
2 1 2 4 10
(c) · + · = .
4 4 4 4 16