Muhamadsyah / ICG 2015

Geology and Tectonics Analysis Ciuyah Mudvolcano,

Kuningan, West Java
Faizal Muhamadsyah
Faculty of Geology, Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract

Geological structures that developed in the study area is the same phenomenon with regional structures eastern
region of West Java . Structures in Java in general east-west trending . As happened in Bogor eastern zone ,
which is bounded by fault trending northwest - southeast . This zone has experienced strong folding so that produce
antiklinorium the east-west axis direction . In addition there is faults which caused a shift of the axis of the
anticline and occurs after deposition Halang Formation . In the northern part of this zone , state geological
structure has the north because of pressure from the south . The essence of this multiplicity is composed of Miocene
sedimentary rocks while the wings consists of Pliocene sedimentary rocks . Zone Ciniru structure , more local
zoning structure is formed primarily by the fault ride , folding and faults flat minor, this structure has a pattern
zone briefing nearly east-west ( EW ) , extending from Bunigeulis area in the western part , restricted zones
Majalengka – Cilacap structure , until Cipedes area in the eastern part bounded by fault zones Banjarharja-
Koromong . Ciuyah Mudvolcano formation , in the village Ciuyah , Kuningan regency , a large part due to the
influence of structural zones that occur in the study area . Lithology authors on this unit is dominated by mudstone
and sandstone , as well as a small portion volcanic rocks and alluvial . Lithology are generally compiled pattern is
anastomatik stream sediment , However the unit is dominated by mudstone and sandstone . This phenomenon ,
thought to result from the influence of intensive tectonic cut bedrock , causing weak zones are easily inflicted by the
flow of water .
Keywords : Geological structure, Ciuyah, Mudvolcano.

INTRODUCTION term fairly widely spread. After the water

Geological conditions of an area, among
others lithology, stratigraphy, structural geology
and geomorphology. After that will be analyzed
also tectonic processes that have occurred therein
during and after the formation of the landscape
Ciuyah. These data are the basis that will be used
to identify the geological resources of a region.
From the data obtained in the review of the
surface, is: The surface morphology is a
combination of areas such as swamps and muddy
lake. Here, mud and saltwater kept out of the
bowels of the earth. And also some springs or
wells made in the Ciuyah Village area always
remove water taste salty. Discharge water coming
out on the lake is not so great though for the long
evaporates, leaving the salt stored in the form of
crystals.
Previous researchers in this area is very difficult
to find, some writing about Ciuyah Village only
revealed on the population side alone. Satyana
(2008,
https://sites.google.com/site/lusilibraryhardi2010/
awang/1-paper-2008) identify any mud-volcano
in this area. Calling as a post-eruptive phase of
mud-volcano, fluid migration through permeable
zones deeper then seeps to the surface mud-
volcano. Sealed track surface to change the
system back from open to closed
physicochemical conditions. This phase follows
the eruption phase and begin preparations for the

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next eruption. The new eruption phase can be
triggered by earthquakes or tectonic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESEARCH
To know the condition of geological and
tectonic analysis in this area used source of
regional geological maps issued by the
Directorate of Geology, landsat imagery for
identifying the tectonic conditions and
distribution of rock, as well as geological
mapping in selected areas.
Figure 1. Location of Research in Ciuyah Village, Kuningan
Regency, West Java
RESEARCH LOCATION
Geographically the study area lies between
7 ° 00 ' 0.2736 "S - 7 ° 5 ' 24.0288 " S and 108 °
27 ' 33.2352 "E - 108 ° 32 ' 59.4636 " E. The
study area is the combination of Map
Bakosurtanal Kadugede sheet no. 1308-444 scale
1: 25,000 edition of I - 2001 and Map
Bakosurtanal Lebakwangi sheet no. 1308-533
scale 1: 25,000 edition of I -2000. Research areas
administratively belong to the Ciniru and
surrounding area, Kuningan regency, West Java
Province (Figure 1).
The Ciuyah Village located in the district
Ciniru, located about 2 kilometers from the
location of the center of the government district
to the east following the road to the village of
Cipedes. To reach the location of the research it
takes approximately 5 hours from Bandung.
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Muhamadsyah/ICG 2015
Location of the study already have a fairly good
infrastructure and is quite advanced as highways
were pretty good, but for the way to the remote
area and not so good.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Geology of Ciuyah area
Geomorphology of the research area is
divided into four geomorphological units.Those
are volcanic slightly steep hills unit, structural
sediment steep high hills unit, structural sediment
slightly steep hills unit and denudation sediment
slightly hills unit.
Based on the lithostatigraphy aspect, the research
area is divided into four units which are (from the
oldest) : Claystone Unit (Tmbl), Sandstone Unit
(Tmbp), Monomic Breccia Unit (Tmbx) and
Volcanic Breccia Unit (Qbv),
Geological structures that develop in the
the study area are fold, joint, and fault. Fold,
consist of Gunungmanik anticline, Pasiragung
anticline, Pakapasan anticline, Sukasari anticline,
Cijemit anticline, Margahayu anticline,
Karangsari anticline, Margamukti anticline,
Mungkaldatar anticline, Cimahi syncline, Citapen
syncline, Pakapasan syncline, Sukasari syncline,
Cijemit syncline, Cibodas syncline, Tagog
syncline and Mungkaldatar syncline. Fault, there
are Cijemit thrust fault, Citapen thrust fault,
Pamupukan thrust fault, Pakapasan sinistral fault,
Ciniru sinistral fault, and Cibongkot sinistral
fault.
Geological history of the region began
when Early Miocene, research area was deep sea
environment, submarine fan depositional system
and caused turbidite claystone unit (Tobp). When
Middle-Late Miocene epoch Sandstone unit
(Tmbl) deposited with conformity relation at
deep sea environment, submarine fan
depositional system because of regression of sea
level and at that time, increased volcanic activity
that deposited volcanic material forming breccia
unit (Tmbx). When Pliocene-Pleistocene epoch
Muhamadsyah / ICG 2015
there was tectonic activity that caused fold, joint
and fault in the research area. And then there was
volcanic activity which caused volcanic breccia
unit (Qbv) deposited.
The resources of the research area are geothermal
potential, mineralization and digging raw
materials and sediment that can be found in the
river. And the disaster risk in the area is
landslide.
Geological structure Ciuyah and
surrounding areas
Depression Bogor zone in the easternmost
part forming a concave configuration bend to the
north, characterized by folding and fault to the
north. In general, the central part of anticlinorium
formed composed of sedimentary rocks in the
Miocene and their wings are composed of rock
formations of Pliocene and Pliocene age the
bottom. The total thickness of the Neogene
sedimentary rocks in this depression is estimated
to reach a thickness of more than 6000 meters
(van Bemmelen, 1949)
Figure 2. Simplification geological map of the study area,
stereonet shows the trend of rock layering.
Formations of sedimentary rocks is
dominated by turbidite sediments under the sea
with volcanic-clastic composition, which is
quickly deposited into the depression zone
region, such as propagation formations, Pemali
Formation, Halang Formation, and Kumbang
Formation.
Relative to the north of Regional Ciuyah,
approximately 18.5 kilometers apart lies Mount
Ciremai, which is one of the active volcanoes in
West Java. At the foot of Mount Ciremai the west
and north, located Neogene deformation of
sedimentary rock which deforms plastically and
partly formed clay diapirisma (Pemali shales,
Subang Kaliwangu shales and shales).
Regional structural elements the study area
(Figure 3) consists of: 1). Cilacap Majalengka-
zone structure, zoning structure is formed by a
thrust fault and transverse fault dominated by the
northwest-southeast direction of the pattern (NW-
SE), 2). Banjarharja koromong structure-zone,
zoning structure is formed mainly by thrust fault
and a small portion of transverse fault dominated
by the northwest-southeast direction of the
pattern (NW-SE), and 3). Zone structure Ciniru,
zoning structure more local is formed mainly by
thrust fault, folding and transverse fault minor,
zone of this structure has a pattern of directing
nearly east-west (EW), extending from the
regions Bunigeulis in the west, is restricted zones
Majalengka structure-Cilacap, up Cipedes area in
the eastern part bounded by fault zones
Koromong-Banjarharja
Structure Elements
Based on the interpretation of the
alignment pattern of topographic map scale of 1:
50,000, map the flow pattern of the river and a
map of digital elevation models, obtained several
geological lineament direction. Roset 20
diagram with the class interval showed that the
pattern of geological lineaments in the study area
are classified into three patterns, respectively the
most significant of which are: A). the west-east
north-east south-west (WSW-ENE), then B).
direction northwest-southeast (NW-SE) and C).
minor nature trending northeast-southwest (NE-
SW).
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The first trend virtually east-west trending
related to the linearity of the ridge pattern formed
by the ridge of folding sedimentary rocks and
thrust fault, the direction is more indicative of
patterns and moves toward the transposition
direction caused by faults that are lateral. Trend
of the axial zone of the anticline and syncline and
thrust fault represented by the alignment
direction nearly east-west (Figure 2).
Trend straightness both trending
northwest-southeast (NW-SE) relating to the
partial thrust fault linearity rise, the pattern
moves towards layering of rocks and hypothetical
fault possibility that the criteria in the field is not
observed. At the location of the complex
mountain of mud Ciuyah, the distribution of
clusters of holes release fluid or system venting
the intrusion of mud partly shows the linearity of
the distribution in the direction northwest-
southeast, as well as the orientation of the long
axis of the perimeter of the distribution of the
overflow and mud inundation on the surface
indicate the orientation of the long axis in a
pattern direction northwest-southeast.
Figure 3. Map straightness topography and drainage patterns
that show two main trends and the trend minor straightness
In addition to the map lineament
interpretation shown that there is a trend
northwest-southeast trending lineament proper
locations across the Ciuyah mud-vulcano
intrusion complex.
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Muhamadsyah/ICG 2015
Based on field data and the results of previous
investigators research paper, the bedrock in the
Ciuyah area is form over Pemali Formation and
Halang Formation, tectonically has undergone
folding and faulting. The elements that make up
the structure of tectonic Ciuyah configuration
consists of one major thrust fault which was
interrupted by lateral slip conjugate (tear fault).
Folds echelon undergo transposition formed in at
least three lanes or folding arc that stretches to
the trend between the east-west (EW), and
northwest-southeast (NW-SE). This pattern
follows the trend of more regional than Ciniru
Structural Zone.
On the reconstruction of geological
structures illustrated in cross section of geology,
bedrock composed of facies mudstone and
sandstone facies Halang Formation and
Formation Possible Pemali older form a crease
antiklinan or antiform. Orientation axial zone
formation anticlinal structure is oriented east-
west (EW). Thrust fault break the axial zone of
the central part of this antiform, and contribute
disclose Halang Formation claystone facies and
Formation Pemali, some drag folds, transposition
direction of layering of rock, fault rock and zones
of fault breccia.
Based on the observation of the pattern of
dip or layering tilt Regions Ciuyah sloping to the
south, as well as some indication of kinematic
obtained from the drag fold, thrust fault and
folding to form structural configuration in Ciuyah
have transport tectonic (vergence) to the north.
In addition to the main thrust fault, supposedly
there are faults that are dip-slip, which is located
in the north of the main thrust fault (Figure 3).
This hypothetical fault is suspected to be sluran
for groundwater circulation and opening regional
baffle structure (regional seal) that is formed by
the Halang Formation claystone facies and
Pemali Formation.
Trend axial zone of folding and the strike
of the thrust fault Ciuyah indicates the range
direction north-south compressional regime (NS)
Muhamadsyah / ICG 2015
to northeast-southwest (NE-SW) responsible for
the formation of structural elements in the central
part of Zone Structure Ciniru. This compressional
regime also involves the bedrock formations
Pemali and Halang Formation and andesitic dikes
form of sills and dikes which has experienced
faulting and at several locations involved as
components in fault breccias.
Interpreted to mean that migration
channels and the possibility of fluid circulation is
controlled by faults that developed in the study
area. Thrust fault, the horizontal fault, folding
and diapirisma are all factors that favor the
release or migration of the fluid to the surface
and provide an outlet for the material and fluid
under conditions of excessive pressure, the
material clay that make up the rock formations
base undergo a process elusiasi and eventually
form of mud-vulcano on the surface intrusion.
Figure 4. Model illustrative regional tectonic and sharpness
are simple shear working in the area of research, derived
from regional structural elements.
Internal typology
Although there are some differences with
regard to the external manifestations of the
morphology and structure of the intrusion mud-
vulcano in a smaller scale, the formation of
intrusion mud-vulcano in Ciuyah can be grouped
into three types of four types exist according to
classification model surface morphology of mud-
vulcano in Depression Transylvania (Yates,
2010), namely: 1). type of mud pool, 2). dome
type / shield (dome ramps), and 3). Type caldera.
This group includes all the holes that show the
pattern of intrusion mud-vulcano flats and the
types of character short lifespan activity. Mud
pool shows the morphology and properties such
as a puddle or pool of water filled with bubbles
of gas emissions (gas bubble), and looks like a
swamp (Marshy).
Figure 5. Mud cone which is the only recent activity which
is higher than the proportion of solids in the fluid mud
extrusion complex location, debitnya estimated <1 m3 / day
Materials out meet pools are more dilute,
in certain cases which demonstrate the activity of
intense, dense and thick, in which more activities
are weak or in a non-active phase (dormant).
Depending on the level of activity, the material
that comes out in a puddle of mud pool there is
covered by a dense material encrusted and
vegetation. On the outskirts of the hole covered
by a dense material, signs of activity shown by
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the rumble if trodden under foot, and if the crust
of mud that covered it revealed, new gas bubbles
in the water can be seen (bubble).
Mud cone
Category mud cone in touch with all the
holes mud-vulcano that has a positive formations
resulting from the intrusion of mud hole through
a narrow slit and deposited on a surface that has
been formed previously. Overlap the flow of mud
to the surface is repeated continuously
accumulate and make mud-vulcano sloping cone
resembles the shape of a shield volcano.
Because almost all studies on mud-vulcano
intrusion indicate that the material is spewed into
the surface of the liquid, dilute with low
viscosity, the mountains it generates a cone
showing soaring ramps and only a few tens of
centimeters above the surface of its sub.
Figure 6. The location that shows of a bubbling fluid
(bubbling) indicates pressurized gas emitted to the surface,
the fluid temperature 37 C
The local angle of inclination or slope of
the topography of origin will determine the shape
and symmetry properties of the mud mound. In
cases where mud flows on a flat surface, the
shape of the mountains mud will be completely
conical, while on the surface of the sloping
topography, the mud volcano will have ramps
asymmetric cone pattern and has side elongates
toward the slope of the topography of origin.
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Muhamadsyah/ICG 2015
Mud dome
Naming the dome of mud (mud dome)
initially be used to describe the surface
manifestation of diapirisma submarine volcano,
without material spewed into the ocean floor. In
this study, the name used for the mud dome
dome-shaped of mud-vulcano without a vent and
fluid accumulation in the surface of the mud and
clear.
Although the mud dome type that typically are
not found in the Ciuyah mud-vulcano complex,
but the point of eruption one of mud-volcano
which showed sloping dome without any real
activity on the surface.
The shape of the dome is differentrom the type
mud cones. Mud dome structure shows the forms
individually and showed that under the surface
there is a widening structure, likely due to
accumulation of fluid and pressure, which can
widen the feeder channel.
Mud caldera
The term of mud caldera used for the mud-
vulcano that have depression as a result of
infrastructure rubble mud-vulcano. Such groups
like mountains mud-vulcano caldera.
Depend on the characteristics of the material
spewed out, the moisture content and the weather
conditions, the formation of the caldera can be
covered by a semi-solid material, or vegetation.
Feeder channel the mud caldera internal structure
has a shape that widens and forms a funnel.
Figure 7. Location of the Ciuyah mud-vulcano complexs
showing typology mud pool.
Muhamadsyah / ICG 2015
Figure 8. Activity gurgle of fluid (bubbling) which is
oriented NW-SE elongated almost show conduit is slit
(fissure)
Figure 9. Typology flat point of discharge hole showed only
intermittent water seepage to the surface, and the surface is
covered in part which has been solid and vegetation
Figure 10. Typology Mud pool that shows funel widening
and conduit are relatively larger than the hole in the
surrounding
Conclusions
The phenomenon of eruption of mud from
beneath the surface, known as mudflow, which
his form to a surface known as the mud-vulcano
is a geological phenomenon that is common in
depression-lane east-west cross almost from the
start Zones Bogor, Kendeng Zone to the east in
the offshore basin Bali- Lombok. The
phenomenon occurs in an environment that has a
geological setting broadly similar. Mud-vulcano
in general, thrive in an environment of
convergence plate boundaries, that experienced
lateral and vertical pressure is very large.
From the survey data worldwide (Yusifov, 2004),
the incidence of more mud-vulcano occurred in
the sea (offshore) than on land (onshore)
The study widely in the territory of Azerbaijan,
which found most onshore mud-vulcano in the
region than anywhere else in the world show a
close relationship between mud volcanism with
diapirisma. It is unknown whether the mudflow
in the region Ciuyah associated with the process
diapirisma, because it is not the inclusion of the
data further and intensified in this study, than
those observed in the surface that shows fossils
sheared clay, distortion and chaotic beds and
shale deformation in several locations outcrops.
Source mud and fluid in this study can not be
determined as a definite, because it required
further analysis involving mineralogical and
hydrochemical clay minerals. The depth of which
is the source or origin of mudstone which then
undergoes elusiasi still in question, apart from the
data obtained palaeontologi surface, which
indicates that the age of the exposed bedrock is
much younger than the age of paleontology
obtained
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank The 2nd
International Conference of the Faculty of
Geology and The 1st Joint Conference, Faculty
of Geology, University of Padjadjaran, West
Java, Indonesia - Faculty Of Science And Natural
Resources Universiti Malaysia Sabah, who has
been willing to cooperate. Thanks are also due to
colleagues Geology-UNPAD that have helped the
formation of this article.
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Ildrem Syafrie/ICG 2015

Geochemistry study of Granitoid Basement Rock in Jambi Sub Basin,

South Sumatera, Indonesia
Based on JSB-3, JSB-4 and JSB-6 wells data
Ildrem Syafrie1, Euis Tintin Yuningsih1 and Hiroharu Matsueda2
1
Faculty of Geology, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
2
The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Email: Email: ildrem_s@unpad.ic.id

Abstract
Research area is located in Jambi sub basin, the northern part of South Sumatera Basin formed during Tertiary age.
South Sumatera Basin, as well as the Central Sumatera and North Sumatera Basins is a basin form in the back arc belt.
The propose of the research is to determine petrological characteristics of the pre-Tertiary basement rock based on
major oxides analysis from the granitoid basement rock in research area with AAS method (Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry). Thus the petrogenesis could be determined, including kinds and characteristics of parent magma.
Chemical rock analysis confirm the lithology of granitoid basement in Jambi sub basin is intermediate – acid magmas,
calc-alkaline, medium – high K, metalluminous, subduction-related (orogen) at active continental margin. Granitoid
basement rock of JSB-4 and JSB-6 shows magnetite series and I type. This Mesozoic granitoid probably as extension
from the Thailand and Burma granite province, which underline the fact that there has been a history of subduction-
related magmatism along southwestern edge of Sundaland since earliest Mesozoic times.

Keywords : granitoid, calc-alkaline, metalluminous, orogen, magnetite series, I-type

Introduction to form Sundaland. The accretion, further involving

Jambi Sub Basin is located at the north part of
South Sumatra Basin that formed during the
Tertiary age. In the north, Jambi Sub Basin is
limited by Tigapuluh Mountains, to the west by the
Bukit Barisan Mountains, to the south by the
basement high partly exposed to the surface in the
form of Duabelas Mountains, and in the east by the
highs that most of basement rocks exposed to the
surface in the form of Belitung, Bangka, Singkep
and Lingga Islands (Figure 1). South Sumatra Basin,
as well as the Central Sumatra Basin and the North
Sumatra Basin, is formed at back arc belt during the
Tertiary.
According To Pulunggono and Cameron
(1984), the pre-Tertiary tectonic framework of
Sumatra in the form of continent and ocean
microplates mosaic accreted in Late Triassic when
microplate Mergui, Malacca and East Malaya united
the west coast of Woyla Terrain in the Late
Mesozoic. Magmatism and faulting were intense in
this Sundaland.
According to McCourt et al. (1996), the results
of the K / Ar analysis of the Barisan Mountains of
southern Sumatra indicates the existence of four
main plutonic activity periods such as Miocene-
Pliocene (20-5 million years ago), Early Eocene
(60-50 million years ago), Middle-Late Cretaceous
(117-80 million years ago) and Jurassic-Early
Cretaceous (203-130 million years ago). Plutonic in
the western part of Sumatra also indicate the period
activity-plutonic in Perm (287-256 million years
ago). In addition there is an indication that the Early
Mesozoic activity has started since the Late Triassic,
thus there are two magmatic cycle, namely:
1) Late Triassic to Early Jurassic (220-190 million
years ago)

305

2) Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (170-130
million years ago)
Figure 1. Research area location map
(Source ; Pujasmadi et al., 2002)
Pre-Tertiary complex data compiled with data
obtained from the Directorate of Geology and
drilling activity of company oil, a certain pattern of
granitoid distribution can be observed. Radiometric
age determination of some rock samples from the
rocks intrusion showed that the north-south
distribution of granitoid rocks are from older to
younger one, each of which is aligned with the
pattern and direction of east - west to the northwest -
southeast.
According to De Coster (1974), pre-Tertiary
Complex or basement in the Central Sumatra and
South Sumatra Basins consists of Mesozoic igneous
and metamorphic rocks, and Palaeozoic and
Mesozoic carbonates. Palaeozoic and Mesozoic
sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are intensively
folded and faulted, and intruded by during Mid-
Mesozoic orogenesis. The complexity of the
structural relations of older rocks can be seen in
outcrop in the South Sumatra Basin.
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Ildrem Syafrie/ICG 2015
According Pujasmadi et al. (2002), the
basement rocks in the study area consists of shallow
intrusive to extrusion volcanic rock, which is
associated with volcaniclastic-sedimentary rocks,
plutonic rocks and coarse-grained crystalline
metasedimentary rock. Volcanic rock composition
consists of andesite, rhyolite and dacite. The
composition of the plutonic rocks are mainly granite
and gabbro-dolerite. Metasedimentary rock
composed of quartzite, limestone and marble
argilit's.
The purpose of this study was to determine the
petrological characteristics of pre-Tertiary basement
rocks in detail based on the analysis of geochemical
analysis on major oxides composition that form the
basement granitoid rocks in the study area.
Methodology
Chemical analysis is mainly done by using the AAS
method (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry),
which is one of the method to determine the
chemical composition of a rock based on the
radiation of electromagnetic absorption. For the
purposes of this rock chemical analysis, there are
five rock samples analyzed consisting of two
samples from JSB-3 well, one sample from JSB-4
well and two samples from JSB-6 well. Analysis of
rock chemistry's done by analyzing the composition
of the major elements to determine the chemical
characteristics that could ultimately be used to
determine petrogenesis of rocks in the study area
that includes the type and characteristics of the
magma origin.
The weight percentage of each major oxides for
every rock specimens can be seen in Table 1.
The limitations of rock samples analyzed greatly
affect the interpretation of the evolution of the
volcanic and plutonic rock in the research area. The
more rock samples were analyzed, the higher level
of accuracy in interpretation. The limitations of rock
samples analyzes due to the relatively rare fresh
rock samples in all three wells.
Ildrem Syafrie/ICG 2015

Table 1. Major oxides composition of the basement granitoid
rocks in research areas based on data from the JSB-3, JSB-4 and
JSB-6 wells
Wilson, 1989 (Figure 5) and An-Ab-Or diagram of
Barker, 1979 (Figure 6). Based on the K2O content
of the analyzed rock sample from JSB-4 well
included in the high potassium series (high-K) and
calc-alkaline rocks series. This is reflected in the
diagram of K2O - SiO2 from Le Maitre, 1989;
Rickwood, 1989; Withford and Nichols, 1973
(Figures 2 and 3). Based on the tectonic
classification of Batchelor and Borden (1985) rock
sample from the JSB-4 well formed in late orogenic
(Figure 7). This granitic rocks series include in
magnetite series (Ishihara et al., 1979; Figure 8)
with metalluminous alumina saturation (Shand,
1947; Figure 4) and according to Chappel & White,
(1974) included in the I-type (Figure 4).

Results
Based on the results of the chemical analysis of rock
samples from JSB-3 well at 1987.50m and
1994.38m depth can be seen that the composition of
igneous rocks in JSB-3 well is andesite – basaltic Figure 2. Classification of granitoid basement rocks based on
andesite, it is reflected in the TAS diagram for variations of SiO2 and K2O contents (according to Whitford &
volcanic rocks of Wilson, 1989 and K2O - SiO2 Nichols, 1973)
diagram from Withford and Nichols, 1973 (Figure
2). While based on the K2O content, both of rock
samples were analyzed from the JSB-3 well
included in the moderate-potassium series (medium-
K) and are included in the calc-alkaline rocks series.
This is also reflected in the K2O - SiO2 diagram
from Le Maitre, 1989; Rick-wood, 1989; Peccerillo
and Taylor, 1976 (Figure 3). According to Shand
(1947) the rock in JSB-3 well is metalluminous
alumina saturation (Figure 4).
Figure 3. Classification of granitoid rocks based on the content
Rock sample were used for chemical analysis in the of SiO2 and K2O.( (Rickwood, 1989); Italic dot lines (Le Maitre
JSB-4 well is located at 2654.02m depth. Based on et al., 1989); Shaded areas: boundary area by Peccerillo and
the results of chemical analysis showed that the Taylor (1976), Ewart (1982), Innocenti et al. (1982), Carr
igneous rock in JSB-4 well is granite. This is (1985) and Middlemost (1985) summarized by Rickwood
(1989) (in Rollinson, 1993)
reflected in the TAS diagram for plutonic rocks of

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 Ildrem Syafrie/ICG 2015

Chemical analysis for lithology from the JSB-6 well

were taken at 2341.78m and 2343.77m depth. Based
on the results of chemical analysis showed that the
igneous rocks compose at JSB-6 well is
granodiorite, as a plotting result in the TAS diagram
for plutonic rocks of Wilson, 1989 (Figure 5) and
An-Ab-Or diagram of Barker, 1979 (Figure 6).
Based on K2O content of both rock samples from
the JSB-6 well included in the series of high
potassium (high-K) and are included in the calc-
alkaline rocks series. This is reflected also in the
K2O - SiO2 diagram from Le Maitre, 1989;
Rickwood, 1989; Withford and Nichols, 1973
(Figures 2 and 3). Based on the tectonic
classification of Batchelor and Borden, 1985 rock
from the JSB-6 well formed at the pre-plate Figure 5. Classification of granitoid basement rocks based on
total alkaline vs silica/TAS (Cox et al., 1979 adapted by Wilson,
collision (Figure 7). According to Ishihara et al.
1989 ; in Rollinson, 1993)
1979 included in the magnetite series (Figure 8)
with metalluminous alumina saturation (Shand,
1947; Figure 8) and by Chappel & White, 1974
included in the I-type (Figure 4).

Chemical analysis results (Table 1) shows that the

value of LOI is between 0:39 - 0.85%, it indicates
that the alteration product/weathering in the samples
is relatively weak, making it possible for
interpretation of petrogenesis. SiO2 content ranged
between 53.70 - 71.08% was shown intermediate –
acid composition.

Figure 6. Classification of granitic rocks based on normative

molecular composition of An-Ab-Or (according to O'Connor,
1965 in Rollinson, 1993)

Among the main elements, some that are considered

Figure 4. Classification of alumina saturation (Shand, 1947) and
the type of rocks (Chappel & White, 1974) in Clarke (1992)
"stable" and are often used for interpretation of
petrogenesis are K, Ti, Mn, P and Mg. Among those
five main elements, Ti is considered the most stable
so have a high reputation for interpretation.
According to Gill (1981, in Yuwono, 2002), the
rocks were formed in a subduction zone (orogen)
has a value of TiO2 is <1.3%. The results of
chemical analysis of all samples showed the content
of TiO2 is 0:40 to 1:31%, this indicate that the rocks

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Ildrem Syafrie/ICG 2015
in the study area is formed at subduction zones
(orogen).
According to Green (1980, in Wilson, 1989), a high
content of Al2O3 (12:26 to 18:19%) and lower
content of TiO2 (0:40 to 1:31%) it serves as the
characteristics of the rock at active continental
margin - island arc. The increasing of water pressure
in the mantle beneath the subduction zones probably
produces more alumunium silicate melt. The
presence of normative quartz in all rock samples
indicated saturated silica conditions and according
to Ringwood (1966), normative quartz produced
from fractionating crystallization at depth <15km.
High total orthoclase normative (18:35 - 25.02%) in
the JSB-4 and JSB-6 wells indicated high K
orogenic conditions.
Figure 7. Tectonic classification of igneous rock in research
areas (according to Batchelor & Bowden, 1985; in Yuwono,
2002)
Figure 8. Granitic rocks series in research areas based on SiO2
and Fe2O3 / FeO (by Ishihara et al., 1979; in Yuwono, 2002)
Assuming that the composition of volcanic and
plutonic rocks are similar, thus the magmatic
affinity classification based on some researchers
summarized by Rickwood (1989, in Rollinson,
1993) were applied. Andesitic rocks of the JSB-3
well based on SiO2 - K2O diagram included in the
calc-alkaline series, while granitoid rocks of the
JSB-4 and JSB-6 wells, including the high K series
(calc-alkaline), the characteristics of these high-K
may reflect the increasing degree of contamination
of the continental crust in active margin magma.
Based on the content of K2O + Na2O, rocks in the
study area including medium alkaline (4.78 -
4.84%) for the rock of the JSB-3, while the rocks of
JSB-4 and JSB-6 including high alkaline (6.91-
8.13%), which is one characteristics of calc alkaline
rocks.
According to Girod (1978, in Yuwono, 2002) who
was arranged the scheme relationship between
magmatic series with plate tectonics based on data
from all empirical petrology worldwide, which is
chemically recent volcanic rocks of the known
position of the corresponding plate (that of
relationships between magmatism and tectonic
position no doubt) showed that the calc-alkaline
type is only found in the orogenic zone
(subduction), either on the edge or on the active
continental margin - island arc.
Based on the results of plotting in tectonic
discriminant diagram of Batchelor and Bowden
(1985, in Yuwono, 2002), showed that the granitic
rocks in JSB-6 formed on the pre-plate collision,
while granitis rock of JSB-4 formed in the late-
orogenic. This indicate that magmatic activity in the
study area occur in tectonic subduction regime, and
it is consistent with the hypothesis that given by De
Coster (1974), Pulunggono & Cameron (1984) and
McCourt et al. (1996).
Granitic rock formation associated with tectonic
subduction regime in JSB-6 were formed in the pre-
plate collision somewhat different with JSB-4
granitic rocks formed in late orogenic. This
309

indicates the formation's rock is relatively in
different time-even though there are similarities of
magma properties. According to McCourt et al.
(1996), granitoid complex in Sumatra is not
interpret as co-magmatic although the analysis
results seem in one population, because they showed
the magmatism that occurred in long time (some
were more than 200 million years old). The
granotoid here more considered as the product of
generations of magma with a similar mechanism
occurs repeatedly and over a long time.
Based on alumina saturation (Shand, 1947 in
Clarke, 1992) in Figure 4, the rocks in JSB-3, JSB-4
and JSB-6 were included in the metalumina-type
despite of normative CIPW analysis appear
corundum (except for JSB- 3 samples of 1987.50m
depth) but the amount is relatively small (<0:52%).
According to Clarke (1992), rocks that are
metalumina has relationship with oceanic crust with
continental crust subduction or oceanic crust with
oceanic crust subduction.
Based on the molar ratio of Al2O3 / (CaO + Na2O +
K2O) < 1.1 (Chappel & White, 1974 in Clarke,
1992), shows the granitoid rocks of JSB-4 and JSB-
6 is I-type (Figure 4). Based on the content of
magnetite and opaque mineral content of more than
0.1% (normative analysis and petrographic), all
rocks including magnetite series, also supported by
plotting on a diagram of SiO2 and Fe2O3 / FeO of
Ishihara et al. (1979, in Yuwono, 2002), which
shows magnetite series plotting. Especially for rock-
from JSB-4 and JSB-6, according to Takahasyi et al.
(1980), the rock which included a series of
magnetite rock is generally a granitoid with I-type.
McCourt et al. (1996) stated that geochemical
studies on the Mesozoic granitoid from Barisan
mountains range of southern part of Sumatra shows
characteristics of subduction-related, calc-alkaline,
I-type, metaluminous and is associated with
volcanic arc granites (VAG) subduction. This is
consistent with the results of chemical analysis were
performed on rock samples from JSB-3, JSB-4 and
JSB-6. The Mesozoic granitoid is predicted as
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Ildrem Syafrie/ICG 2015
extension of granite provinces of Thailand and
Burma, which affirms that there has been
magmatism associated with subduction along
southwestern edge of Sundaland since the beginning
of the Mesozoic.
CONCLUSION
Results of chemical analysis of pre-Tertiary
granitoid basement rocks from Jambi sub basin
shows the low content of TiO2 (0:40 to 1:31%) and
high Al2O3 (12:26 to 18:19%) content, this indicate
that the rocks in the research area formed in
subduction zones (orogen) on the active continent
margin - island arc. Based on the diagrams of the
relationship between SiO2 and K2O, high content of
orthoclase normative with high total K2O + Na2O
for JSB-4 and JSB-6 (6.91 - 8:13%) indicates
magma with high-K calc alkaline affinity and
reflects the increase in the degree of continental
crust contamination on active margin magma, while
for JSB-3 with the content of K2O + Na2O ranging
between 4.78 - 4.84% is included in the medium
alkaline.
Although the granitoid rocks in JSB-4 and JSB -6
have similarity in chemistry characteristics, based
on plotting on tectonic discrimination diagram of
Bathelor and Bowden (1985), they were formed on
two different tectonic conditions. For JSB-4 was
formed at late orogenic, while JSB-6 formed at pre-
plate collision, so it does not interpret as co-
magmatic, but rather considered as a product of
magma generation with the mechanism that is
similar and lasts longer.
Granitoid in JSB-4 and JSB-6 had I-type, included
in the magnetite series and metalumina associated
with subduction of oceanic crust with continental
crust or oceanic crust with oceanic crust subduction.
Ildrem Syafrie/ICG 2015

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