Stress PDF
Stress PDF
STRES?
• Awam tekanan, respon emosional atau dorongan
eksternal yang tidak menyenangkan
• Psikologi :
– Lingkungan eksternal sebagai stressor
– Respon terhadap stressor sebagai stress atau distress
– Konsep stress sebagai sesuatu yang melibatkan
perubahan biokimia, fisiologi, perilaku dan psikologis
EUSTRESS DISTRESS
Positive and beneficial harmful and damaging
Perkembangan Model Stres
Cannon’s fight-or-flight model
2. Naturalistic setting
• provided information on how people react to both
acute and chronic stress in their everyday lives
3. Physiological measures
• participants being attached to monitors or having
fluid samples taken
4. Self-report measures
• Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
• Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
• Hassles Scale, etc
Stress
• s and
Illness
Does Stress Cause Illness?
• HT umumnya terjadi pada orang dengan stres kerja yang
tinggi (Cobb and Rose, 1973)
• Stres kehidupan yang tinggi berhubungan dengan tingginya
gejala fisik yang dilaporkan (Cropley and Steptoe, 2005)
• Pekerjaan yang penuh dengan stres berhubungan dengan
peningkatan PJK
• Manajemen stres, yang secara eksperimental mengurangi
stres, juga berhasil mengurangi PJK (Johnston 1989, 1992)
How Does Stress Cause Illness?
Interaction between the behavioural
and physiological pathways
Individual Variability in the
Stress–Illness Link
Stress and changes in behaviour
Smoking
• Smoking initiation, relapse and the amount
smoked
Alcohol
• stress and alcohol consumption
Eating
• ‘stress eating paradox’ stress causes
overeating and at others it causes undereating
Exercise
• stress may reduce exercise
Accidents
• individuals who experience high levels of
stress show a greater tendency to perform
behaviours that increase their chances of
becoming injured
Illness as a stressor
Stress and Changes in Physiology
• blood clot formation
• increased blood pressure
• increased heart rate
• irregular heart beats
• fat deposits
• plaque formation
• immunosuppression.
• heart disease
• kidney disease
• Infection
• psychiatric problems
• losses in memory
and concentration