RADAR(Radio Detection And Ranging):

A system for detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of aircraft,
ships, and other objects, by sending out pulses of radio waves which are
reflected off the object back to the source.

Principle of operation:

A radio detection system that transmits short bursts (pulses) of RF energy and
detects their echoes from objects (targets) such as aircraft or ships.

Range in RADAR is determined by measuring the time, radio wave takes, from
radiation to return of its echo; whereas direction is determined from the
position of antenna at the time of reception of signal

Types of RADAR:
1. Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR)
2. Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)

Primary Seviellance Radar:

It provide “Range and Bearing” Information to the air traffic control center.
It does not need cooperation of aircraft for providing information. It
depends upon reflection of radio waves transmitted by the system itself.
Secondary Serviellance Radar:

SSR provides “identification and altitude” information to ground ATC. It

works with cooperation of the aircraft.

SSR Composition

It is composed of two main equipment; one installed at Ground called

INTERROGATOR and other fitted in the aircraft called as TRANSPONDER.

Radar installed In CAA

There are 3 PSR (Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad) and 6 SSR (Lahore,
Karachi, Islamabad, Rohjan, Lakhpass and Pasni) installed at different
location to cover full space of Pakistan. There are 2 ACC (area control
center) (Lahore & Karachi).

Radar Data of ACC

Radar Data of Islamabad, Rohjan & Lakhpass goes to Lahore through

satellite link. Radar Data of Rohjan, Pasni & Lakhpass goes to Karachi
through satellite link
 Air Traffic Management System (ATM) AIRCON2100

General Description

Radar Area Control Centre Karachi has been assigned the responsibilities
for the Radar Air Traffic controlling in South region of Pakistan. ACC is
equipped with INDRA ATS automation system AIRCON2100 having multiple
radar feeds from Rojhan, Lakhpass, Pasni and PSR/SSR installed at Karachi.
Radar data received from PSRs/SSRs is displayed by Air Traffic Management
(ATM).

ATM Aircon-2100 consists of servers and display units which are

interconnected through dual LAN network in star topology. The detail of
these units is as follows:

Servers :
1. Flight data processing (FDP)
2. Surveillance data processing (SDP)
3. Radar Data Compressor Unit (RDCU)
4. Data Link Service (DLS)
5. Database management system (DBMS)

Air Traffic Management System (ATM) AIRCON2100

General Description
 Radar Area Control Centre Karachi has been assigned the responsibilities
for the Radar Air Traffic controlling in South region of Pakistan. ACC is
equipped with INDRA ATS automation system AIRCON2100 having multiple
radar feeds from Rojhan, Lakhpass, Pasni and PSR/SSR installed at Karachi.
Radar data received from PSRs/SSRs is displayed by Air Traffic Management
(ATM).

ATM Aircon-2100 consists of servers and display units which are

interconnected through dual LAN network in star topology. The detail of
these units is as follows:

Servers :
1. Flight data processing (FDP)
2. Surveillance data processing (SDP)
3. Radar Data Compressor Unit (RDCU)
4. Data Link Service (DLS)
5. Database management system (DBMS)

Voice Communication Control System (VCCS) SDC2000

General Description

VCCS is an efficient Radio/telephony system that plays a vital role for the
controlling of air traffic and coordination with the adjacent ATC/ACC. CAA
has inducted VCCS for integration of Radio Communication, Telephones
and Hotlines.

System Description

The VCCS at Karachi ACC in its present configuration is consists of 08 Nos.

Gateways and Controller work Position (user touch console (screen)) to
operate frequency and telephone / hotline. VCCS has Windows based
operating system and application software is package based.

VCCS Components

Windows based Technical Monitoring Control System (TMCS) Qty-01

Control Work Position (CWP) Qty-26 for frequency and switched hotlines
selection

Gateways Qty-08 for interfacing Telephones/Radio channels with VCCS

All above mentioned components are interconnected in to LAN network

through switches.

Extended Range VHF (EVHF) Communication System

General Description

Extended Range VHF Communication system is provided for establishing

voice communication between radar controllers and pilots, in which
arrangements are made for transmission of ground communication through
remotely installed relay stations and reception of pilot’s communication
through remote receivers.
 Satellite links, backed by ground public telecommunication network, are
used for transportation of voice between ATC centers and remote/receiving
stations. Remote extended range VHF stations are located at:

1. Hyderabad Airport
2. Rojhan
3. Pasni Airport
4. Lakhpass
5. Laram Kila
6. Faisalabad

Air Traffic Management (ATM):

ATM is the dynamic, integrated management of air traffic and airspace including
air traffic services, airspace management and air traffic flow management. The
objective is to ensure safely, economically and efficiently the air traffic flow
through the provision of CNS facilities and seamless services in collaboration with
concerned stakeholders. Air traffic services are used to manage the safe and
orderly flow of aircraft into, out of, and across Pakistan airspace including those
portions of high seas for which the responsibility has been delegated to Pakistan
under Regional Air Navigation Agreements. Air Traffic Management enhancements
could improve airlines' fuel efficiency and CO2 emissions up to 12%. Air Traffic
Management Resources Communication, navigation and surveillance.
Airspace management (ASM) is a planning function with the primary objective of
maximizing the utilization of available airspace by dynamic time – sharing and, at
times, the segregation of airspace among various stakeholders based on their
needs. Air traffic Flow Management (ATFM) is a service established with the
objective of contributing to a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic by
ensuring that ATC capacity is utilized to the 10 | P a g e maximum extent possible,
and that the traffic volume is compatible with the capacities declared by the
appropriate ATS authority.

Voice Communication and Control System (VCCS)

SDC2000

VCCS is an efficient Radio/telephony system that plays a vital role for the
controlling of air traffic and coordination with the adjacent ATC/ACC. CAA has
inducted VCCS for integration of Radio Communication, Telephones and Hotlines
System Description
The VCCS at Karachi ACC in its present configuration is consists of 08 Nos.
Gateways and Controller works Position (user touch console (screen)) to operate
frequency and telephone / hotline. VCCS has Windows based operating system
and application software is package based.