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The c

    (c) is an Application Layer protocol for distributed,
collaborative, hypermedia information systems.[1]

HTTP is a request-response protocol standard for client-server computing. In HTTP, a web

browser, for example, acts as a 
, while an application running on a computer hosting the
web site acts as a 

. The client submits 

 to the responding server by sending
messages to it. The server, which stores content (or 

) such as HTML files and images,
or generates such content on the fly, sends messages back to the client in response. These
returned messages may contain the content requested by the client or may contain other kinds of
response indications. A client is also referred to as a 

 (or 'UA' for short). A web
crawler (or 'spider') is another example of a common type of client or user agent.

In between the client and server there may be several intermediaries, such as proxies, web caches
or gateways. In such a case, the client communicates with the server indirectly, and only
converses directly with the first intermediary in the chain. A server may be called the  


 to reflect the fact that this is where content ultimately originates from.

HTTP is not constrained in principle to using TCP/IP, although this is its most popular
implementation platform. Indeed HTTP can be "implemented on top of any other protocol on the
Internet, or on other networks." HTTP only presumes a reliable transport; any protocol that
provides such guarantees can be used.[2]

Resources to be accessed by HTTP are identified using Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs)²
or, more specifically, Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)²using the R
or R
 URI
schemes.

Its use for retrieving inter-linked resources, called hypertext documents, led to the establishment
of the World Wide Web in 1990 by English physicist Tim Berners-Lee.

The original version of HTTP, designated HTTP/1.0, was revised in HTTP/1.1. One of the
characteristics in HTTP/1.0 was that it uses a separate connection to the same server for every
document, while HTTP/1.1 can reuse the same connection to download, for instance, images for
the just served page. Hence HTTP/1.1 may be faster as it takes time to set up such connections.
The standards development of HTTP has been coordinated by the World Wide Web Consortium
and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), culminating in the publication of a series of
Requests for Comments (RFCs), most notably RFC 2616 (June 1999), which defines HTTP/1.1,
the version of HTTP in common use.

Support for pre-standard HTTP/1.1 based on the then developing RFC 2068 was rapidly adopted
by the major browser developers in early 1996. By March 1996, pre-standard HTTP/1.1 was
supported in Arena,[3] Netscape 2.0,[3] Netscape Navigator Gold 2.01,[3] Mosaic 2.7, Lynx 2.5,
and in Internet Explorer 3.0. End user adoption of the new browsers was rapid. In March 1996,
one web hosting company reported that over 40% of browsers in use on the Internet were HTTP
1.1 compliant. That same web hosting company reported that by June 1996, 65% of all browsers
accessing their servers were HTTP/1.1 compliant.[4] The HTTP/1.1 standard as defined in RFC
2068 was officially released in January 1997. Improvements and updates to the HTTP/1.1
standard were released under RFC 2616 in June 1999.