pl
MAGAZYN
TRENING MOTORYCZNY
FMS
Rozciąganie
1
Od redakcji
Szanowni Państwo,
Zespół portalu
www.treningmotoryczny.strefa.pl
2
Spis treści
Test FMS 5
Stretching cz. 1 25
Odżywianie 35
3
REWOLUCJA
TRENINGU
WWW.TRENINGMOTORYCZNY.STREFA.PL
4
movement assessment
The Functional
Movement Screen
The system for a simple and quantifiable
method of evaluating basic movement abilities
T
he Functional Movement Screen(FMS) is an and stabilizing movements. The tests place the
innovative system used to evaluate move- individual in extreme positions where weaknesses
ment pattern quality for clients or athletes. and imbalances become noticeable if appropri-
The beauty of the Functional Movement Screen is ate stability and mobility is not utilized. It has been Gray Cook, MS,
PT, OCS, CSCS
that a personal trainer, athletic trainer or strength observed that many individuals who perform at
and conditioning coach can learn the system and very high levels during activities are unable to
have a simple and quantifiable method of evalu- perform these simple movements. These individu-
ating basic movement abilities. The FMS only re- als should be considered to be utilizing compen-
quires the ability to observe basic movement pat- satory movement patterns during their activities,
terns already familiar to the coach or trainer. The sacrificing efficient movements for inefficient
key to the Functional Movement Screen is that ones in order to perform at high levels. If these
it consists of a series of simple tests with a simple compensations continue, then poor movement
grading system. The FMS allows a trainer or coach patterns will be reinforced leading to poor bio- Lee Burton, PhD,
to begin the process of functional movement pat- mechanics. ATC, CSCS
www.performbetter.com 9
movement assessment
maintaining stability in the torso. The active in an anterior and posterior plane during a closed-chain upper
straight-leg raise test assesses active hamstring body movement. It assesses trunk stability in the sagittal plane
and gastroc-soleus flexibility while maintain- while a symmetrical upper-extremity motion is performed. The
ing a stable pelvis and active extension of the ability to perform the trunk stability push-up requires symmetric
opposite leg. The ability to perform the ac- trunk stability in the sagittal plane during a symmetric upper ex-
tive straight-leg raise test requires functional tremity movement. Many functional activities require the trunk
hamstring flexibility, which is the flexibility that stabilizers to transfer force symmetrically from the upper extremi-
is available during training and competition. ties to the lower extremities and vice versa. Movements such as
This is different from passive flexibility, which is blocking in football and jumping for rebounds in basketball are
more commonly assessed. The subject is also common examples of this type of energy transfer. If the trunk
required to demonstrate adequate hip mobil- does not have adequate stability during these activities, kinet-
ity of the opposite leg as well as lower abdomi- ic energy will be dispersed, leading to poor functional perfor-
10 www.performbetter.com
movement assessment
www.performbetter.com 11
7
EVALUATION OF THE
SHOULDER
Alignment analysis
Overall shoulder alignment is a good
indicator of changes in muscle length and of
joint alignment that may need to be
corrected to allow for optimal motion,
during exercise or daily activities. Observed
muscle tightness or weakness can then be
determined by testing for length and
strength. Deviations in alignment are those
that differ from the ideal postural standard.
(a) (b)
Figure 7.2. Test for length of pectoralis major – (a) normal length of lower fibres, (b) normal length of upper
fibres
Muscle(s): Pectoralis major. Normal length: The arm rests at table level,
Starting position: Client is supine, with knees with low back remaining flat.
bent, low back flat, arms by sides. Shortness: Shortness is observed when the
Test: Clavicular portion – the shoulder is arm does not drop down to the level of the
laterally rotated (palm up) and arm is table.
abducted to 90°; sternal portion (lower Excessive length: The arm drops below the
fibres) – as above, except that the arm is level of the table if the client is positioned at
abducted to 135°. the edge of the couch.
Evaluation of the shoulder 49
Figure 7.5. Test for length of medial rotators Figure 7.6. Test for length of lateral rotators
Muscle strength
Muscle strength testing in the shoulder will
determine the ability of muscles to provide
stability and movement. As shoulder muscle
weakness can be caused by disuse as well as
overuse, it is essential for the therapist to
Figure 7.7. Test for length of medial and lateral collate these results with those of alignment
rotators and movement analysis and muscle length
testing.
Muscle(s): Medial and lateral rotators. The major shoulder muscles that
Starting position: Client is standing, with contribute to movement and stability which
arms by sides. should be tested are outlined below.
52 Corrective Exercise: A Practical Approach
Figure 7.8. Anterior deltoid strength test Figure 7.9. Posterior deltoid strength test
Figure 7.10. Middle deltoid strength test Figure 7.11. Pectoralis major/latissimus dorsi strength
test
Figure 7.12. Internal rotator strength test Figure 7.13. External rotator strength test
Figure 7.14. Upper trapezius/levator scapulae strength Figure 7.15. Rhomboid strength test
test
Muscle(s)/movement: Teres
major/extension, adduction.
Starting position: Prone, lying with arm in
Figure 7.16. Serratus anterior strength test extension and adduction; elbow is flexed to
allow hand to rest on lower back.
Test: Pressure is applied against arm, just
Muscle(s)/movement: Serratus above elbow, in the direction of abduction
anterior/scapula protraction. and flexion.
Starting position: Standing with arm flexed Weakness: Decreased ability to hold
to 90° and elbow flexed to approximately extension/abduction.
90°. Shortness: Full range of motion limited in
Test: Stand behind client and place palm on lateral rotation and abduction; scapula will
thoracic spine to stabilise trunk. Cup the begin to rotate simultaneously with
other hand around the flexed elbow and flexion/abduction.
apply resistance posteriorly. Client to resist
motion by pushing the elbow forwards.
Weakness: Winging of scapula; difficulty in
flexing arm.
Shortness: Abduction of scapula during static
alignment, often accompanied by weak
rhomboids; forward shoulder position.
Evaluation of the shoulder 57
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00
iążki 107
we ks
No
Odżywianie
w sportach wytrzymałościowych
Ryc. 2. W miarę wydłużania się czasu wysiłku tłuszcze stają coraz ważniejszym źródłem energii.
Odżywianie w sportach wytrzymałościowych 113