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Consider a building which is 15m high with a square roof 40m on a side. A stack is located at
the center of the roof, and an air intake is situated 15m downwind of the stack. Compute
the required stack height to prevent downwash contaminants from entering the air intakes.
Solution:
R = Bs0.67 * Bl0.33
where Bs and Bl are the smaller and larger of the building height and width.
Center of the recirculation region from upwind edge of roof, Xc = 0.5 R = 10.37 m
Length of the recirculation region from upwind edge of roof, Lc = 0.9 R = 18.66 m
The stack is situated at the center, i.e., 20 m from the edge (>18.66m), and is not in the
recirculation cavity. The air intake is 15 m further downwind.
The high turbulence region follows a 1:10 downward slope from the top of the
recirculation cavity.
Length of the high turbulence region from the upwind edge of roof
So the length of the high turbulence region is 40 m. The air intake is in this region.
Assuming the air intake at roof height, vertical distance between high turbulence
region boundary and air intake = 0.77 m (from geometry).
Extending a 1:5 slope from this point back to the stack, the minimum stack height
required = (4.93 + 0.77) = 5.7 m
Assuming an exit velocity of 3000 fpm, the momentum of the exhaust air completely
reduces any potential wake downwash effect.
So, the minimum stack height with only the high turbulence region in consideration is 5.7 m
above the roof level.
Problem:
Compute the lost pressure in a 4.5", 90 o elbow that has 200 cfm of air flowing through it. The
ratio of turning radius to diameter is 2.0.
Solution:
Elbow loss coefficient for Stamped 90º Elbow with R/D – 2 = 0.13
Problem:
A 8" duct has three 90o elbows and a 60o bend. The radius of each elbow is twice the duct
diameter. The air velocity in the duct was measured as 2547 ft/min. Calculate the actual
pressure elbow loss. State your assumptions.
Solution:
Problem:
Exposure measurements in a welding operation indicate the need for a local exhaust
system. Using VS 90-02 (textbook) and Q = 2000 cfm, design the ventilation system shown in
the following figure. Assume exhaust length = 10 ft.
Solution:
A Velocity Pressure Method Calculation Sheet has been used for design.
1 Duct Segment Identification ab out
2 Target Volume Flowrate, Q = V*A- Chap 10 cfm 2000.0 2000.0
3 Min. Transport Velocity, V Chap 10 fpm 3000 3000
Maximum Duct Diameter (D=
4 inches 11.06 11.06
((4*144*Q)/(pi*V))0.5)
5 Selected Duct Diameter inches 11.00 11.00
6 Duct Area (pi*(D/12)2/4) sq. ft 0.6600 0.6600
7 Actual Duct Velocity fpm 3030.5 3030.5
8 Duct Velocity Pres, VP = (V/4005)2 "wg 0.5726 0.5726
9 H Maximum Slot Area = (2/11) sq ft
10 O Slot area selected sq ft
11 O S Slot Velocity, Vs Chap 10 fpm
12 D L Slot Velocity Pres, VPs=(Vs/4005)2 "wg 0.0000 0.0000
13 O Slot Loss Coefficient, Chap 10, Chap 3
14 T Acceleration Factor 0 or 1
15 S S Slot Loss per VP (13+14) 0.00 0.00
16 U Slot Static Pressure (12*15) "wg 0.0000 0.0000
17 C Duct Entry Loss Factor F5-12, Chap 10 0.930
18 T Acceleration Factor (1 at hoods) 1 or 0 1 0
19 I Duct Entry Loss per VP (17 + 18) 1.93 0.00
20 O Duct Entry Loss (8 * 19) "wg 1.105 0.00
21 N Other Losses "wg 0.00 0.00
22 Hood Static Pressure SPh (16+20+21) "wg 1.105 0.000
23 Straight Duct Length ft 110.0 10.0
24 Friction Factor (Hf) 0.0210 0.0210
25 Friction Loss per VP (23 * 24) 2.3118 0.2102
26 No. of 90 degree Elbows 0.50 0.00
27 Elbow Loss Coefficient (Bottom of Page) 0.23
28 Elbow Loss per VP (26*Loss Factor)(bottom of page) 0.12
29 No. of Branch Entries ( 1 or 0) 0.00 0.00
30 Entry Loss Coefficient
31 Entry Loss per VP (29*Loss Factor) (Branch)
32 Special Fittings Loss Factors 0.00 0.00
33 Duct Loss per VP (25 + 28 + 31 + 32) 2.4268 0.2102
34 Duct Loss (8*33) 1.3895 0.1203
35 Duct SP Loss (22 + 34) 2.495 0.120
36 Other Losses 0.00 0.00
37 Cumulative Static Pressure "wg 2.495 0.120
38 Governing Static Pressure (at TO location) "wg -2.495 0.12
39 Corrected Volumetric Flowrate cfm
40 Corrected Velocity fpm
41 Corrected Velocity Pressure "wg
42 Resultant Velocity Pressure "wg
Fan SP "wg = 2.042
Problem:
Estimate BHP of the fan for the two branched system in figure given below:
Hood A Hood B
Q = 1500 cfm Q = 300 cfm
He = 0.77 VP He = 0.18 VP
Problem:
Hood A Hood B
Q = 2500 cfm Q = 1700 cfm
He = 0.66 VP He = 0.28 VP