Johor SPM Trial 2011 Biology (W Ans) v2

SULIT* 4551/1
4551/1
Biologi Nama:
Kertas 1
September Kelas:
2011
1 ¼ jam
JABATAN PELAJARAN
NEGERI JOHOR
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2011

4551/1
BIOLOGI
Kertas 1
September 2011
1 ¼ jam Satu jam lima belas minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.
2. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa
Melayu.
3. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 29 halaman bercetak
[Lihat halaman sebelah]

4551/1 © 2011 Hak Cipta JPNJ SULIT
http://edu.joshuatly.com/
SULIT 2 4551/1
1. Diagram 1 shows an organelle.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu organel.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Which of the following cell possess the organelle in Diagram 1?

Antara sel-sel berikut, yang manakah mengandungi organel dalam Rajah 1?
A Guard cell
Sel pengawal
B Muscle cell
Sel otot
C Epidermal cell
Sel epidermis
D Cheek cell
Sel pipi
2. Diagram 2 shows a unicellular organism.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu organisma unisel
Water
Air
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Which of the following process facilitates the movement of water into the cell?
Antara proses berikut, yang manakah mempercepatkan pergerakan air ke dalam sel
tersebut?

SULIT 3 4551/1
A Osmosis
Osmosis
B Active Transport
Pengangkutan Aktif
C Simple Diffusion
Resapan Ringkas
D Facillitated Diffusion
Resapan Ringkas
3. Diagram 3 shows part of a plasma membrane.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada membran plasma.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
What are the parts labeled I and II?

Apakah bahagian berlabel I dan II?
I II
A Hydrophilic head Hydophobic tail
Kepala hidrofilik Ekor hidrofobik
B Hydophobic head Hydrophilic tail

Kepala hidrofobik Ekor hidrofilik
C Polar head Polar tail

Kepala berkutub Ekor berkutub
D Non-polar head Non-polar tail

Kepala tidak berkutub Ekor tidak berkutub

SULIT 4 4551/1
4. Diagram 4 shows the condition of a plant cell after being immersed in a hypotonic
solution.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan keadaan satu sel tumbuhan selepas direndam dalam larutan
hipotonik.
Q
P
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
Which of the part labeled P, Q, R and S shows that the cell is turgid ?
Yang manakah antara bahagian berlabel P, Q, R and S menunjukkan bahawa sel ini
segah?
A P
B Q
C R
D S
5. Diagram 5 shows the molecular structure of two classes of food.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan struktur molekul bagi dua jenis kelas makanan.
P Q
Diagram 5
Rajah 5

SULIT 5 4551/1
What are the food classes of P and Q?

Apakah kelas makanan bagi molekul P dan Q?
P Q
A Protein Lipid
Protein Lipid
B Carbohydrate Protein
Karbohidrat Protein
C Lipid Carbohydrate
Lipid Karbohidrat
D Protein Carbohydrate
Protein Karbohidrat
6. Which type of carbohydrate is found in abundance in liver cells?

Apakah jenis karbohidrat yang banyak dijumpai dalam sel hati?
A Starch
Kanji
B Sucrose
Sukrosa
C Glycogen
Glikogen
D Glucose
Glukosa
7. Which of the following enzyme is synthesised in pancrease?

Yang manakah antara enzim berikut disintesis di pankreas?
A Sucrase
Sukrase
B Pepsin
Pepsin
C Amylase
Amilase
D Rennin
Renin
8 Which of the following cell does not carry out mitosis?

Yang manakah antara sel berikut tidak menjalankan proses mitosis ?
A Skin cells
Sel-sel kulit
B Hair cells
Sel-sel rambut
C Finger nail cells
Sel-sel kuku
D Red blood cells

SULIT 6 4551/1
Sel darah merah

9 The following statement refers to a process in digestion.
Pernyataan berikut merujuk pada satu proses dalam pencernaan.
A process of utilization of digested nutrient to form complex compounds.

Proses penggunaan nutrien untuk membentuk sebatian kompleks.
What is the process?

Apakah proses tersebut?
A Assimilation
Asimilasi
B Absorption
Penyerapan
C Deamination
Deaminasi
D Defaecation
Penyahtinjaan
10 Diagram 6 shows a ruminant digestive system.

Which of the part P, Q, R and S is the true stomach of the ruminant?
Rajah 6 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan haiwan ruminan.
Yang manakah antara bahagian yang berlabel P, Q, R and S merupakan perut
sebenar haiwan ruminan?
P
R
Q S
Diagram 6
Rajah 6
A P
B Q
C R
D S

SULIT 7 4551/1
11 Diagram 7 shows the human digestive system.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
Which of the part labelled A, B, C and D is the site where deamination takes place?
Yang manakah antara bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D merupakan tempat
berlakunya deaminasi?
12 Diagram 8 shows the structure for gaseous exchange in humans.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan struktur untuk pertukaran gas manusia.
Diagram 8
Rajah 8
Which of the following are the adaptive characteristics?

Manakah antara yang berikut merupakan ciri-ciri penyesuaiannya?
I Always moist
Sentiasa lembab
II Thin and permeable
Nipis dan telap
III Has a large surface area
Mempunyai luas permukan yang besar
IV Complete with main blood vessel

SULIT 8 4551/1
Lengkap dengan salur darah utama

A I and III only
I dan III sahaja
B II and IV only
II dan IV sahaja
C III and IV only
III dan IV sahaja
D I, II and III only
I,II, dan III sahaja
13 Diagram 9 shows three different types of organisms.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan tiga jenis organisma yang berbeza.
P Q R
Diagram 9
Rajah 9
Which of the following shows the correct respiratory surface of the organisms?
Manakah antara berikut menunjukkan permukaan pernafasan yang betul untuk
organisma tersebut?
P Q R
A Skin Tracheoles Alveolus
Kulit Trakeol Alveolus
B Alveolus Skin Tracheoles

Alveolus Kulit Trakeol
C Alveolus Tracheoles Skin

Alveolus Trakeol Kulit
D Tracheoles Alveolus Skin

Trakeol Alveolus Kulit

SULIT 9 4551/1
14 Diagram 10 shows a profile of a mangrove swamp.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan profil hutan paya bakau.
High tide
Air pasang
Low tide
Air surut
Muddy shore without Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

plant Zon 1 Zon 2 Zon 3
Tebing lumpur tanpa
tumbuh-tumbuhan
Diagram 10
Rajah 10
What are the dominant species found in each zone?

Apakah spesies dominan yang terdapat di setiap zon ini?
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

Zon 1 Zon 2 Zon 3
A Rhizophora sp Bruguiera sp Avicennia sp and
Sonneratia sp
Avicennia sp dan
Sonneratia sp
B Bruguiera sp Avicennia sp and Rhizophora sp

Sonneratia sp
Avicennia sp dan
Sonneratia sp
C Avicennia sp and Rhizophora sp Bruguiera sp

Sonneratia sp
Avicennia sp dan
Sonneratia sp
D Avicennia sp and Bruguiera sp Rhizophora sp

Sonneratia sp
Avicennia sp dan
Sonneratia sp

SULIT 10 4551/1
15 Diagram 11 shows a graph of the changes in the population of owl and rat in a
community.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan satu graf perubahan populasi burung hantu dan tikus dalam
satu komuniti.
Owl / Burung hantu

Rat / Tikus
Number of animals
Bilangian haiwan
Time / Masa
Diagram 11
Rajah 11
What is the type of interaction is shown by the graph?

Apakah jenis interaksi yang ditunjukkan oleh graf tersebut?
A Commensal-host relationship
Perhubungan komensal-perumah
B Parasite-host relationship
Perhubungan parasit-perumah
C Prey- predator- relationship
Perhubungan mangsa-pemangsa
D Epiphyte-epizoit relationship
Perhubungan epifit-epizoit
16 Which of the following is the main cause of acid rain?

Antara yang berikut yang manakah punca utama hujan asid
A Carbon dioxide
Karbon dioksida
B Sulphur dioxide
Sulfur dioksida
C Carbon monoxide
Karbon monoksida
D Chlorofluorocarbons
Kloroflorokarbon

SULIT 11 4551/1
17 Diagram 12 shows a cross section of a young dicotyledon root consisting of a few

main tissues.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan keratan rentas akar muda pokok dikotiledon yang terdiri
daripada beberapa tisu utama.
Diagram 12
Rajah 12
What is M?
Apakah M?
A Phloem
Floem
B Xylem
Xilem
C Cortex
Korteks
D Cambium
Kambium
18 Which of the following substances causes prothrombin to change to thrombin?

Yang manakah antara bahan berikut menyebabkan protrombin bertukar kepada
trombin?
A Vitamin K
Vitamin K
B Thrombin
Trombin
C Calcium ion
Ion kalsium
D Thrombokinase
Trombokinase
19 Which type of immunity is obtained by injecting antiserum into the body?

Apakah jenis keimunan yang akan diperoleh dengan menyuntik antiserum ke dalam
badan?
A Artificially acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif buatan
B Naturally acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif semula jadi
C Artificially acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif buatan
D Naturally acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif semula jadi

SULIT 12 4551/1
20 What are the functions of the human skeleton?

Apakah fungsi-fungsi rangka manusia?
I Support the body

Menyokong badan
II For locomotion
Untuk pergerakan
III Produces blood cells
Menghasilkan sel darah
IV Protects the internal organs such as heart and lungs
Melindungi organ dalaman seperti jantung dan peparu.
A I and II only
B III and IV only
C I , II and IV only
D I , II , III and IV
21 Diagram 13 shows a human lumbar vertebrae.

Rajah 13 menunjukkan satu vertebra lumbar manusia.
Diagram 13
Rajah 13
What is the function of X and Y?

Apakah fungsi X dan Y?
A Protection for spinal cord

Perlindungan bagi saraf tunjang
B Surfaces for muscle attachment
Permukaan untuk pelekatan otot
C Surfaces for vertebral joints
Permukaan untuk sendi vertebra
D Surfaces for rib articulation
Permukaan untuk persendian tulang rusuk.

SULIT 13 4551/1
22 Diagram 14 shows the growth curve of an insect.

Rajah 14 menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan seekor serangga.
Body length (cm)

Panjang badan (sm)
X
Time (days)
Masa (hari)
Diagram 14
Rajah 14
What is stage X?
Apakah peringkat X
A Ecdysis
Ekdisis
B Adult
Dewasa
C Nymph
Nimfa
D Instar
Instar
23 The following statement is about a method of contraception in females.

Pernyataan berikut adalah tentang satu kaedah pencegahan kehamilan pada wanita.
· A plastic-coated copper coil

Satu lingkaran kuprum yang bersalut plastik
· Can be left in the uterus for months
Boleh dibiarkan di dalam uterus selama beberapa bulan
· Prevents implantation of the embryo in the uterine wall
Menghalang penempelan embrio pada dinding uterus

SULIT 14 4551/1
What is the method used?

Apakah kaedah yang digunakan?
A Spermicide
Spermisid
B Diaphragm
Diafragma
C Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Alat kontraseptif dalam rahim (IUD)
D Female condom
Kondom wanita
24 The following statement is about the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.
Pernyataan berikut adalah tentang hormon-hormon yang mengawal atur kitar haid.
· Hormone J – Stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH

Hormon J – Merangsang pituitary anterior untuk merembes LH dan FSH
· Hormone K – At low level, causes the breakdown of endometrium wall and

menstruation
Hormon K – Pada paras yang rendah, menyebabkan keruntuhan dinding
endometrium dan kedatangan haid
What are hormones J and K?

Apakah hormon J dan K?
Hormone J Hormone K
Hormon J Hormon K
A Oestrogen Progesterone
Estrogen Progesteron
B Progesterone Oestrogen
Progesteron Estrogen
C Progesterone Gonadotrophine Releasing

Progesteron Hormone (GnRH)
Hormon Perembes Gonadotrof
(GnRH)
D Gonadotrophine Releasing Progesterone
Hormone (GnRH) Progesteron
Hormon Perembes Gonadotrof
(GnRH)

SULIT 15 4551/1
25
Mendel’s First Law of Inheritance is also known as Law of Segregation.

Hukum Mendel Pertama juga dikenali sebagai Hukum Pengasingan Bebas.
Based on the statement, which stage of cell division is involved in the segregation of
alleles?
Apakah peringkat pembahagian sel yang terlibat dalam pengasingan alel
A Prophase I
Profasa I
B Metaphasa I
Metafasa I
C Anaphase I
Anafasa I
D Telophase I
Telofasa I
26 Diagram 15 shows four different types of plant tissues.

Rajah 15 menunjukkan empat jenis tisu tumbuhan yang berbeza.
W X Y Z
Diagram 15
Rajah 15
What are the functions of the tissues?

Apakah fungsi tisu-tisu tersebut?
W X Y Z
A Food storage Transport Support Transport
Simpanan makanan Pengangkutan Sokongan Pengangkutan
B Food storage Transport Transport Support
Simpanan makanan Pengangkutan Pengangkutan Sokongan
C Support Transport Transport Food storage
Sokongan Pengangkutan Pengangkutan Simpanan
makanan
D Transport Support Food storage Food storage
Pengangkutan Sokongan Simpanan Simpanan
makanan makanan

SULIT 16 4551/1
27 The following information refers to a type of tissue.

Berikut ialah maklumat mengenai sejenis tisu.
· Specialised to form hair-liked cells called cilia

Mengkhusus untuk membentuk struktur seperti rambut yang dipanggil silia.
· Secrete mucus
Merembeskan mucus
Which of the following organs is made up of the tissue above?

Yang manakah antara organ di bawah mengandungi tisu tersebut?
A Heart
Jantung
B Lungs
Peparu
C Small intestine
Usus kecil
D Trachea
Trakea
28 Diagram 16 shows the condition of red blood cell samples which have been placed in
different concentration of salt solutions M and N.
Rajah 16 menunjukkan keadaan sampel sel darah merah yang telah diletakkan di
dalam kepekatan larutan garam yang berbeza M dan N.
Condition of red blood

cell
Keadaan sel darah
merah
Solution Salt solution M Salt solution N

Larutan Larutan garam M Larutan garam N
Diagram 16
Rajah 16
What are the types of solution M and N compared to the red blood cells?
Apakah jenis larutan M dan N berbanding dengan sel darah merah tersebut?

SULIT 17 4551/1
Solution M Solution N
Larutan M Larutan N
A Hypotonic Hypertonic
Hipotonik Hipertonik
B Isotonic Hypotonic
Isotonik Hipotonik
C Hypertonic Isotonic
Hipertonik Isotonik
D Hypertonic Hypotonic
Hipertonik Hipotonik
29 The graph shows the result of an experiment to determine the concentration of the cell
sap of potato tissues.
Graf menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan kepekatan sap sel
ubi kentang.
At which point A, B, C or D is the concentration of sucrose solution hypertonic to the

cell sap of potato tissues?
Yang manakah antara titik A, B, C atau D merupakan kepekatan larutan sukrosa
yang hipertonik terhadap sap sel tisu ubi kentang?
30 Diagram 17 shows a process in a stage of cell division in a plant.

Rajah 17 menunjukkan satu proses dalam peringkat pembahagian sel pada
tumbuhan.
Diagram 17
Rajah 17

SULIT 18 4551/1
Which of the following part of the plant does this process occur?
Yang manakah antara bahagian tumbuhan berikut proses ini berlaku?
A Anther
Anter
B Lateral bud
Tunas sisi
C Cambium
Kambium
D Root tip
Hujung akar
31 Which statement is true about meiosis?

Kenyataan yang manakah benar tentang meiosis?
A DNA replication occurs twice in meiosis

Replikasi DNA berlaku dua kali dalam meiosis
B Uncontrolled meiosis can cause a disease named cancer
Meiosis tidak terkawal boleh menyebabkan penyakit dinamakan kanser
C The chromosomal behaviour in meiosis I is the same as in mitosis
Perlakuan kromosom dalam meiosis I sama seperti dalam mitosis
D Synapsis and crossing over take place only in prophase I
Sinapsis dan pindah silang hanya berlaku dalam profasa I
32 Diagram 18 shows the various stages of mitosis.

Rajah 18 menunjukkan pelbagai peringkat mitosis.
P Q R S
Diagram 18
Rajah 18
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the stages?

Yang manakah antara berikut menunjukkan susunan peringkat yang betul?
A R→Q→S→P
B P→R→Q→S
C Q→S→R→P
D P→S→Q→R

SULIT 19 4551/1
33 Table 1 shows the differences between light reaction and dark reaction during
photosynthesis.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan perbezaan antara tindak balas cahaya dan tindak balas gelap
semasa fotosintesis.
Light reaction Dark reaction

Tindak balas cahaya Tindak balas gelap
P Takes place in the stroma Takes place in the grana
Berlaku di stroma Berlaku di grana
Q Oxygen is released Oxygen is not released
Oksigen terbebas Oksigen tidak terbebas
R Occurs during day time Occurs during the night
Berlaku pada waktu siang Berlaku pada waktu malam
S Glucose is not formed Glucose is formed
Glukosa tidak terbentuk Glukosa terbentuk
Table 1
Jadual 1
Which are the correct differences?

Yang manakah perbezaan yang betul?
A P and Q only
P dan Q sahaja
B P and R only
P dan R sahaja
C Q and R only
Q dan R sahaja
D Q and S only
Q dan S sahaja
34 Which of the following are products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in the
muscle cells?
Antara yang berikut yang manakah hasil respirasi aerobik dan anaerobik di dalam
sel otot?
Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

Respirasi aerobik Respirasi anaerobik
A Carbon dioxide and water Ethanol
Karbon dioksida dan air Etanol
B Carbon dioxide and water Lactic acid
Karbon dioksida dan air Asid laktik
C Lactic acid Ethanol
Asid laktik Etanol
D Lactic acid Carbon dioxide and water
Asid laktik Karbon dioksida dan air

SULIT 20 4551/1
35 What is the main cause of eutrophication?

Apakah punca utama eutrofikasi?
A Burning of fossil fuels

Pembakaran bahan api fosil
B Leaching of excess fertilizers
Larut resap lebihan baja tak organik
C Thinning of ozone layer
Penipisan lapisam ozon
D Greenhouse effect
Kesan rumah hijau
36. Diagram 19 shows a condition of stomata.

Rajah 19 menunjukkan suatu keadaan stomata.
Guard cells
Sel pengawal
Diagram 19
Rajah 19
Which of the following may cause the condition?

Yang manakah antara berikut menyebabkan keadaan tersebut?
A High light intensity
Keamatan cahaya yang tinggi
B Water enters the guard cells
Air masuk ke dalam sel pengawal
C Potassium ion leaves the guard cells
Ion kalium meninggalkan sel pengawal
D High concentration of glucose in the guard cells
Kepekatan glukosa yang tinggi di dalam sel pengawal

SULIT 21 4551/1
37. Diagram 20 shows an elbow joint.

Which of the parts labeled A, B, C or D is tough and elastic tissue?
Rajah 20 menunjukkan satu sendi siku.
Yang manakah antara bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D ialah tisu yang kuat dan
kenyal?
Diagram 20
Rajah 20
38
A haemodialysis machine is used to eliminate urea from the blood of a person with
damaged kidney.
Mesin haemodialisis digunakan untuk menyingkirkan urea daripada darah seseorang
yang mengalami kerosakan ginjal.
Which of the following condition enables the process?

Yang manakah antara keadaan berikut membolehkan proses tersebut berlaku?
A Concentration of urea in the blood and in the dialysis fluid is the same
Kepekatan urea di dalam darah adalah sama dengan kepekatan urea di dalam
cecair dialysis
B Concentration of water molecules in the dialysis fluid is higher than in the
blood
Kepekatan molekul air dalam cecair dialisis lebih tinggi daripada dalam
darah.
C Concentration of urea in the dialysis fluid is higher than in the blood
Kepekatan urea dalam cecair dialisis lebih tinggi daripada kepekatan urea
dalam darah
D Concentration of urea in the blood is higher than in the dialysis fluid
Kepekatan urea dalam darah lebih tinggi daripada kepekatan urea dalam
cecair dialisis.

SULIT 22 4551/1
39 Which of the following is the similarity between the nervous system and the
endocrine system?
Yang manakah antara berikut merupakan persamaan antara system saraf dan sistem
endokrin?
A Both work at the same speed

Kedua-duanya berkerja pada kelajuan yang sama
B Both coordinate responses towards stimuli
Kedua-duanya menyelaras gerak balas terhadap rangsangan
C Both use blood as the medium of transmission
Kedua-duanya menggunakan darah sebagai medium pemindahan
D Both send signals to one specific effector
Kedua-duanya menghantar isyarat ke satu efektor yang spesifik
40 Diagram 21 shows a chromosomal mutation.

Rajah 21 menunjukkan satu mutasi kromosom.
Diagram 21
Rajah 21
Which of the following is the type of change in the chromosomal structure that causes
the mutation?
Yang manakah antara jenis perubahan pada struktur kromosom yang berikut
menyebabkan perubahan ini?
A Deletion
Pelenyapan
B Duplication
Penggandaan
C Inversion
Penyongsangan
D Translocation
Translokasi

SULIT 23 4551/1
41 Diagram 22 shows an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction of enzyme pepsin

on albumen.
Rajah 22 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas enzim
pepsin ke atas albumen.
Pepsin solution
Larutan pepsin
Albumen
Albumen
Diagram 22
Rajah 22
The pepsin took 15 minutes to digest 0.25g of albumen at 200C.

How much albumen will be digested in 15 minutes at 30°C?
Pepsin mengambil masa selama 15 minit untuk mencernakan 0.25g albumen pada
200C.
Berapa banyak albumen akan dicernakan dalam masa 15 minit pada suhu 30°C?
A 0.0 g
B 0.15 g
C 0.25 g
D 0.50 g
42 Table 2 shows the menu taken by a 10-year-old boy.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan menu yang diambil oleh seorang kanak-kanak lelaki berusia
10 tahun.
Breakfast: Lunch:
Sarapan: Makan tengah hari:
White bread Rice
Roti putih Nasi
Butter Steamed fish
Mentega Ikan kukus
Full cream milk Plain water
Susu penuh krim Air kosong
Table 2
Jadual 2
Which of the following health problem may occur if he continuosly taking this menu
for a long time?
Yang manakah antara masalah kesihatan berikut akan berlaku sekiranya dia terus
mengambil menu ini untuk jangka masa yang panjang?

SULIT 24 4551/1
A Obesity
Obesiti
B Gastritis
Gastritis
C Scurvy
Scurvy
D Kwashiokor
Kwashiokor
43 An experiment was set up to study respiration in organisms.

Diagram 23 shows the set up of the experiment.
Satu eksperimen telah disediakan untuk mengkaji respirasi dalam organism.
Rajah 23 menunjukkan penyediaan eksperimen tersebut.
Germinating
Air goes in seeds To filter pump
Udara masuk Biji benih yang Ke pam penapis
bercambah
Potasium hydroxide solution Lime water J Aluminium foil Lime water K

Larutan natrium hidroksida Air kapur J Pembalut aluminium Air kapur K
Diagram 23
Rajah 23
Which of the following will be observed after one hour?

Antara berikut yang manakah akan diperhatikan selepas satu jam?
A The lime water K turns cloudy because carbon dioxide is released during seed
germination
Air kapur K menjadi keruh kerana karbon dioksida dibebaskan semasa
percambahan biji benih
B The lime water K turns cloudy because carbon dioxide is needed during
photosynthesis.
Air kapur K menjadi keruh kerana karbon dioksida diperlukan semasa
fotosintesis
C The lime water K remains clear because oxygen is required for seed
germination.
Air kapur K kekal jernih kerana oksigen diperlukan bagi percambahan biji
benih
D The lime water J remains clear because oxygen is released during
photosynthesis.
Air kapur J kekal jernih kerana oksigen dibebaskan semasa proses fotosintesis

SULIT 25 4551/1
44 Table 3 shows the result of an experiment to study the population of grasshoppers in

an area.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji populasi belalang
di satu kawasan.
Number of grasshoppers
Number of captured Bilangan belalang
Bilangan tangkapan Marked Unmarked
Bertanda Tidak Bertanda
First capture
Tangkapan pertama 180 -
Second capture 45 100

Tangkapan kedua
Table 3
Jadual 3
What is the estimated population size of the grasshoppers in the area?

Apakah anggaran saiz populasi belalang di kawasan tersebut?
A 7
B 180
C 261
D 580
45 Four samples of water were taken from river J,K,L, and M and treated with methylene
blue solution to determine the level of pollution in each river.
The results were recorded in Table 4.
Empat sampel air telah diambil dari sungai J,K,L, and M dan dirawat dengan larutan
metilena biru untuk menentukan tahap pencemaran setiap sungai.
Keputusan direkodkan dalam Jadual 4.
River Time taken for the methylene blue solution to decolourise

Sungai Masa yang diambil untuk larutan metilena biru meluntur
J 1.5 hour / jam
K 3.0 hours / jam
L 3.5 hours / jam
M 5 hours / jam
Table 4
Jadual 4
Based on the result, which river will have the highest population of fish?
Berdasarkan keputusan , sungai manakah akan mempunyai populasi ikan yang paling
tinggi?

SULIT 26 4551/1
A J
B K
C L
D M
46 Diagram 24 shows the set-up of the apparatus to investigate the rate of transpiration in
a plant using a photometer.
The observation is recorded in Table 5.
Rajah 24 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat kadar transpirasi dalam
tumbuhan menggunakan fotometer.
Pemerhatian telah direkodkan dalam Jadual 5.
Plant shoot
Pucuk tumbuhan
Ruler
Pembaris Air bubble
• Gelembung udara
Diagram 24
Rajah 24
Time / Minute
0 5
Masa / minit
Position of air bubble / cm
0 3
Kedudukan gelembung udara / cm
Table 5
Jadual 5
What is the rate of transpiration of the plant?

Apakah kadar transpirasi tumbuhan itu ?
A 0.3 cm minute-1
0.3 cm minit-1
B 3.0 cm minute-1
3.0 minit-1
C 0.6 cm minit-1
0.6 minit-1
D 6.0 cm rninit-1
6.0 minit-1

SULIT 27 4551/1
47 Diagram 25 shows muscles in the hind leg of a grasshopper.

Rajah 25 menunjukkan otot pada kaki belakang seekor belalang.
L
Diagram 25
Rajah 25
What happen when the structure J is broken?

Apakah yang berlaku jika struktur J cedera?
I K cannot pulled towards the body

K tidak boleh ditarik ke arah badan
II K cannot propels the grasshopper forwards and upwards into the air
K tidak boleh menolak belalang ke hadapan dan ke udara
III L cannot contract and causes K cannot be folded into a Z shape
L tidak boleh mengecut dan menyebabkan K tidak boleh dilipat ke bentuk Z
IV K cannot be straightened
K tidak boleh menjadi lurus
A I and II only
I dan II sahaja.
B II and III only
II dan III sahaja.
C II and IV only
II dan IV sahaja.
D III and IV only
III dan IV sahaja.

SULIT 28 4551/1
48.
A medical check-up shows that a patient’s pancreas is damaged and has to be
removed.
Pemeriksaan perubatan menunjukkan pankreas seorang pesakit rosak dan perlu
dibuang
Which of the following should be done by the patient to maintain a normal blood
sugar level?
Antara berikut, manakah yang perlu dilakukan oleh pesakit itu untuk mengekalkan
aras gula darah yang normal?
A Taking glucose injections

Mengambil suntikan glukosa
B Taking a balanced diet
Mengamalkan pengambilan gizi yang seimbang
C Taking insulin and glucagon injections
Mengambil suntikan hormon insulin dan glukagon
D Reduce intake of high calory food
Mengurangkan pengambilan makanan berkalori tinggi
49 The genotype of a pea plant is RRYy.

Which of the following is the possible gamete produced by this pea plant?
Genotip satu pokok pea adalah RRYy.
Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan gamet yang mungkin dihasilkan oleh pokok
kacang pea ini?
A rY
B Yy
C RY
D RR
50 A man with blood group AB married a wife with blood group O.

What is the percentage of possibility for the couples to have a child with blood group
AB?
Seorang lelaki mempunyai kumpulan darah AB berkahwin dengan seorang isteri yang
berkumpulan darah O.
Apakah peratus kebarangkalian untuk pasangan suami-isteri ini mempunyai seorang
anak yang berkumpulan darah AB?
A 0%
B 25%
C 50%
D 100%
END QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

SULIT 29 4551/1
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON
1. This question paper consists of 50 questions.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan.
2. Answer all questions.

Jawab semua soalan.
3. Each question is followed by four alternative answers, A, B, C and D. For each question,
choose one answer only. Blacken your answer on the objective answer sheet provided.
Tiap-tiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Bagi setiap soalan,
pilih satu jawapan sahaja. Hitam jawapan anda pada kertas jawapan objektif yang
disediakan.
4. If you wish to change your answer, erase the blackened mark that you have made. Then
blacken the new answer.
Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, padamkan tanda yang telah dibuat. Kemudian
hitamkan jawapan yang baru.
5. The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn to scale unless stated.
Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.
6. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.

Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.

SULIT 4551/2
4551/2
Biologi Nama:
Kertas 2
September Kelas:
2011
2 ½ jam
NO. KAD PENGENALAN

- -
ANGKA GILIRAN
JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2011 4551/2

BIOLOGI
Kertas 2
September 2011
2 ½ jam Dua jam tiga puluh minit
1. Tulis nama penuh, kelas, nombor kad

pengenalan dan angka giliran anda Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa
pada ruang yang disediakan.
Bahagian Soalan Markah Markah
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam Penuh diperoleh
dwibahasa.
A 1 12
3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris 2 12
mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam 3 12
bahasa Melayu. 4 12
5 12
4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan B 6 20
atau sebahagian soalan anda sama ada 7 20
dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa 8 20
Melayu. 9 20
5. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di
Jumlah
halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.

SULIT 2 4551/2
For Section A
Examiner’s
Use Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
Answer all questions in this section

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini
1 Diagram 1 shows the process of synthesis and secretion of extracellular enzymes in

a cell.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan proses sintesis dan perembesan enzim luar sel di dalam satu
sel.
Nucleus
Y:
x:
Enzyme
Plasma membrane
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) Based on Diagram 1, name X and Y.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1, namakan X dan Y.
1(a)
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

SULIT 3 4551/2
(b) Extracellular enzymes are enzymes which are produced in the cell but secreted from the For
Examiner’s
cell to function externally. Use
Enzim luar sel adalah enzim-enzim yang dihasilkan di dalam sel tetapi dirembeskan
daripada sel untuk berfungsi di luar sel.
(i) Give one example of the cell shown in Diagram 1.

Berikan satu contoh sel di dalam Rajah 1.
………………………………………………………………………………… 1(b)(i)
[1 marks]
[1 markah]
1
(ii) Explain what will happen to the production of extracellular enzymes if Y

malfunctions.
Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku terhadap penghasilan enzim luar sel jika Y
tidak berfungsi.
………………………………………………………………………………
1(b)(ii)
………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks] 2
[2 markah]
(c) Each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which its reaction rate is the fastest.
Beyond the optimum temperature, an enzyme is said to be denatured.
Setiap enzim mempunyai suhu optimum di mana kadar tindakbalasnya adalah
maksimum. Suhu yang melebihi paras optimum akan menyebabkan enzim
ternyahasli.
Explain the above statement.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………… 1(c)
………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

SULIT 4 4551/2
For (d) A housewife uses an amylase-based detergent to wash her blood stained clothe. She
Examiner’s found out that the stain is not removed. Explain why.
Use
Seorang surirumah menggunakan serbuk pencuci berasaskan amylase untuk
mencuci bajunya yang terkena kesan darah. Beliau dapati kesan darah masih ada.
Terangkan mengapa.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
1(d)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(e) A patient has gallstones that block his bile duct. Explain the effect of this situation on
the digestion of lipid.
Seorang pesakit mempunyai batu karang yang menyumbat salur hempedunya.
Terangkan kesan keadaan ini terhadap pencernaan lipid.
1(e)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3 …………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
Total
A1
12

SULIT 5 4551/2
2 Diagram 2 shows a cellular component which is found in palisade mesophyll cells For
Examiner’s
of a leaf. Use
Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu komponen sel yang boleh dijumpai dalam sel palisad
mesofil dalam daun.
Outside the cell

Luar sel
Q: P:
Inside the cell

Dalam sel
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(a) (i) Name the cellular component in Diagram 2.

Namakan komponen sel dalam Rajah 2. 2(a)(i)
……….………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark] 1
[1 markah]
(ii) On Diagram 2, name P and Q.

Pada Rajah 2, namakan P dan Q. 2(a)(ii)
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
2
(b) (i) On Diagram 2, draw arrow ( → ) to show the movement of oxygen

across the cellular component during day time.
Pada Rajah 2, lukis anak panah ( → ) untuk menunjukkan pergerakan
oksigen merentasi komponen sel ini pada waktu siang. 2(b)(i)
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
1

SULIT 6 4551/2
For (b) (ii) Explain the answer in (b) (i).

Examiner’s Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b)(i).
Use
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
2 (b) (ii)
………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
3 [3 markah]
(c) In an experiment, the palisade mesophyll cell is immersed in distilled water for a
certain period of time.
Dalam satu eksperimen, sel palisad mesofil ini direndamkan di dalam air suling
untuk tempoh masa tertentu.
(i) Explain what will happen to this cellular component.

Terangkan apa akan berlaku pada komponen sel ini.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
2(c)(i)
………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
3
[3 markah]
2(c)(ii)
(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of the condition of palisade mesophyll cell after
being immersed in the distilled water.
Lukis rajah berlabel keadaan sel palisad mesofil setelah direndamkan
2 dalam air suling.
[2 marks]
Total
[2 markah]
A2
12

SULIT 7 4551/2
3 Diagram 3 shows the stages in a cell division. For

Examiner’s
Rajah 3 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat di dalam pembahagian sel. Use
X Y
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
(a) (i) Name stages X and Y

Namakan peringkat-peringkat X dan Y
X: …………………………………………………………………………………
Y: ………………………………………………………………………………… 3(a)(i)
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
2
(ii) Based on Diagram 3, state two differences between the chromosomal

behaviour in stage X and stage Y.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3, nyatakan dua perbezaan di antara perlakuan
kromosom di peringkat X dan peringkat Y.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………… 3(a)(ii)
………………………………………………………………………………
2
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

SULIT 8 4551/2
For (b) Number of chromosome in somatic cells of this organism is 24.

Examiner’s Bilangan kromosom di dalam sel somatik organisma ini adalah 24.
Use
(i) State the chromosomal number of each daughter cell produced at the
end of the division shown in Diagram 3.
Nyatakan bilangan kromosom di dalam setiap sel anak yang terhasil
melalui pembahagian sel di Rajah 3
3(b)(i)
….……………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
1
[1 markah]
(ii) Based on your biological knowledge, give a reason for your answer.
Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda, berikan satu sebab untuk
jawapan anda.
………………………………………………………………………………
3(b)(ii)
………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
1 [1 markah]
(iii) Explain one important event that takes place during stage X.
Terangkan satu peristiwa penting yang berlaku semasa peringkat X.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
3(b)(iii) ………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

SULIT 9 4551/2
(c) Based on Diagram 3, draw one of the daughter cells produced at the end of the For
division. Examiner’s
Use
Berdasarkan Rajah 3, lukiskan salah satu sel anak yang terhasil di akhir
pembahagian sel.
3(c)
[2 marks]
[2 markah] 2
(d) Explain what will happen in human if the chromosomes fail to separate during stage
Y.
Terangkan apa yang berlaku pada manusia jika kromosom gagal terpisah semasa
peringkat Y.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3(d)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Total
A3
12

SULIT 10 4551/2
For 4 Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show the tissues in respiratory system in human and
Examiner’s in plant respectively.
Use
Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2 masing-masing menunjukkan tisu-tisu dalam sistem
respirasi manusia dan tumbuhan.
Bronchiol
Bronkiol
bronchiole
Alveoli
rings of
cartilage
Alveoli
alveoli
Stomata
Stomata
Diagram 4 .1 Diagram 4.2

Rajah 4.1 Rajah 4.2
(a) (i) State the organ in which the tissue in Diagram 4.1 can be found.
Nyatakan organ di mana tisu dalam Rajah 4.1 boleh dijumpai.
………………………………………………………………………………
4(a)(i)
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
1
(ii) State the function of organ stated in (a) (i).

Nyatakan fungsi organ yang dinyatakan dalam (a (i).
4(b)(ii) ………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
1
[1 markah]

SULIT 11 4551/2
(b) Explain how gaseous exchange occurs during respiration in Diagram 4.1 and For
Diagram 4.2. Examiner’s
Use
Terangkan bagaimana pertukaran gas berlaku semasa respirasi dalam
Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2.
Gaseous exchange in Diagram 4.1:

Pertukaran gas dalam Rajah 4.1:
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Gaseous exchange in Diagram 4.2:

Pertukaran gas dalam Rajah 4.2:
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
4 (b)
………………………………………………………………………………………
[4 marks]
[4 markah] 4
(c) State two differences between tissues in Diagram 4.1and Diagram 4.2.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara tisu dalam Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
4(c)
………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
2
[2 markah]

SULIT 12 4551/2
For (d) Smokers do not realize that they destroy their respiratory organ during smoking.
Examiner’s Explain how this habit will affect the intake of oxygen efficiency.
Use
Perokok tidak sedar bahawa mereka akan merosakkan organ respirasi semasa
merokok. Terangkan bagaimana tabiat ini boleh mempengaruhi kecekapan
4(d) pengambilan oksigen.
………………………………………………………………………………………
4
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
Total
A4
12

SULIT 13 4551/2
5 Diagram 5.1 shows a food pyramid: For

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan piramid makanan: Examiner’s
Use
Lipid, salt and sugar

P Lemak, garam dan gula
Meat, chicken, fish and milk

Q Daging, ayam, ikan dan susu
Fruits and vegetables

R Buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran
s Rice, bread, noodle and potatoes

Nasi, roti, mee dan kentang
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
(a) P, Q, R and S are the different classes of food that make up the balanced diet.
P, Q, R dan S adalah kelas-kelas makanan yang berbeza dalam gizi seimbang.
(i) Name the class of food labeled R

Namakan kelas makanan berlabel R
………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) State the functions of food in R
Nyatakan fungsi makanan di dalam R
5 (a)
………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah] 2

SULIT 14 4551/2
For (b) Junk food is food that is high in sugar, salt and fat. Explain the health problems
Examiner’s faced by individual who continuously taken this food.
Use
Makanan rapu adalah makanan yang tinggi kandungan gula, garam dan lemak.
Terangkan masalah kesihatan yang dihadapi oleh individu yang mengambil
makanan ini secara berterusan.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
5(b) ………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
3
[3 markah]
(c) Table 5 shows the type and quantity of food taken by a moderately active adult man
and a boy aged 15 years old.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan jenis dan kuantiti makanan yang diambil oleh lelaki dewasa
sederhana aktif dan kanak-kanak lelaki berumur 15 tahun.
Quantity taken/g Energy obtained/kJ

Kuantiti diambil/g Tenaga diperolehi/kJ
Energy/kJ moderately boy aged 15
Type of food boy aged 15
moderately per 100g active adult years old
Jenis years old
active adult man Tenaga/kJ man Kanak-
makanan Kanak-kanak
Lelaki dewasa per 100g Lelaki dewasa kanak lelaki
lelaki berumur
sederhana aktif sederhana berumur 15
15 tahun
aktif tahun
Rice
300 400 2 000 8000
Nasi
White bread
100 150 1500 1500
Roti putih
Butter
50 50 3 000 1500 1500
Mentega
Potato
100 100 500 500 500
kentang
Milk
100 200 300 300 600
Susu
Banana
50 100 50 25 50
Pisang
Chicken
200 200 800 1600 1600
Ayam
Total energy obtained
Jumlah tenaga diperolehi
Table 5
Jadual 5

SULIT 15 4551/2
(i) Complete Table 5 by calculating the total energy obtained by each individual. For
Lengkapkan Jadual 5 dengan menghitung jumlah tenaga yang diperolehi oleh Examiner’s
Use
setiap individu.
5(c)(i)
[2 marks]
[2 markah] 2
(ii) Explain why boy aged 15 years old need more daily energy requirement when
compared to moderately active adult man.
Terangkan mengapa budak lelaki berumur 15 tahun memerlukan lebih
keperluan tenaga harian berbanding lelaki dewasa yang sederhana aktif.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… 5(c)(ii)
[2 marks]
[2 markah] 2
(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a boy suffering from nutrient deficiency disease.
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2

SULIT 16 4551/2
For (i) Identify the deficiency disease shown in Diagram 5.2.

Examiner’s Kenalpasti penyakit kekurangan nutrien yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.2.
Use
………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) State the cause of the disease and possible effects on children.
Nyatakan punca penyakit dan kemungkinan kesan yang dialami oleh kanak-
kanak.
5 (d) ………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
3
[1 markah]
Total
A5
12

SULIT 17 4551/2
Section B
Bahagian B
[40 marks]
[40 markah]
Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.
6 (a) Diagram 6.1 show the asexual reproduction carried out by Amoeba sp.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pembiakan aseks yang dijalankan oleh Amoeba sp.
Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1
Describe the process shown in Diagram 6.1.

Huraikan proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.1.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(b)
Amoeba sp. is a unicellular organism which lives in fresh water environment.
Although Amoeba sp. is made up of only a single cell, it can perform all living
processes.
Amoeba sp. adalah satu organisma unisel yang hidup dalam persekitaran air
tawar. Walau pun Amoeba sp. dibentuk oleh hanya satu sel, ia boleh melakukan
semua proses kehidupan.

SULIT 18 4551/2
Explain the living process that enable Amoeba sp. to survive in fresh water which
is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp.
Terangkan proses kehidupan yang membolehkan Amoeba sp. untuk terus hidup
dalam air tawar yang hipotonik kepada cecair sitoplasma Amoeba sp.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
(c) Diagram 6.2 shows a human organ which is involved in regulating body
temperature.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu organ manusia yang terlibat dalam pengawalan
suhu badan.
Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2
Based on Diagram 6.2, explain how the animal tissues are organised to form the organ in
Diagram 6.2 and their roles in regulating body temperature during a hot day.
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2, terangkan bagaimana tisu haiwan diorganisasi untuk
membentuk organ dalam Rajah 6.2 dan peranan mereka dalam mengawal suhu badan
dalam satu hari yang panas.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
7 (a) Explain why the fertilisation process in flowering plant is known as double
fertilisation.
Terangkan mengapa proses persenyawaan pada tumbuhan berbunga dipanggil
persenyawaan gandadua.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]

SULIT 19 4551/2
(b) Diagram 7.1 shows the formation of the embryo sac in a flowering plant.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pembentukan pundi embrio dalam tumbuhan berbunga.
Embryo sac
Pundi embrio
Mature
embryo sac
Pundi embrio
matang
Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1
Based on Diagram 7.1 describe how the formation of the embryo sac occurs.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, huraikan bagaimana pembentukan pundi embrio terjadi.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

SULIT 20 4551/2
(c) Diagram 7.2 shows male and female reproductive organs of a plant.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan organ pembiakan jantan dan organ pembiakan betina
bagi tumbuhan.
Anther
Anter
Stamen
Filament Stamen
filamen
Stigma
Pollen tube
Tiub debunga
Ovary
Ovari
Embryo sac
Pundi
Male reproductive organ Female reproductive organ

Organ pembiakan jantan Organ pembiakan betina
Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2
Based on the diagram, describe how double fertilization occurs in the plant.
Berdasarkan rajah, huraikankan bagaimana persenyawaan gandadua berlaku
dalam tumbuhan tersebut.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

SULIT 21 4551/2
8 (a) Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show the impact of human activities to the
quality of natural environment.
Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan impak aktiviti manusia ke atas kualiti
alam semulajadi.
Emissions gas Dissolved in water vapour

from the Larut dalam wap air
factories
Pembebasan
gas dari
kilang-kilang
Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1
Ultraviolet rays
Sinaran ultraunggu
Diagram 8.2
Rajah 8.2

SULIT 22 4551/2
(i) State the phenomena shown in Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2.
Nyatakan fenomena yang ditunjukkan di Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Discuss the differences of both environmental phenomena shown in

Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 based on the following aspects:
§ The causes
§ The effects and
§ The ways to overcome
Bincangkan perbezaan kedua-dua fenomena alam sekitar yang

ditunjukkan di Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2 berdasarkan kepada aspek-aspek
berikut:
§ Punca
§ Kesan dan
§ Cara untuk mengatasi
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
(b) Explain the importance of preservation and conservation of tropical rainforest in

Malaysia for the purpose of sustainable management of ecosystem.
Terangkan kepentingan pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan hutan hujan tropikal di
Malaysia untuk tujuan pengurusan berterusan ekosistem.
[9 marks]
[9 markah]

SULIT 23 4551/2
9 (a) Diagram 9 show three types of neurones in human being. During voluntary action,
all types of neurones must be coordinated to react on stimulus.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan tiga jenis neuron yang terdapat dalam manusia. Semasa
tindakan terkawal, semua jenis neuron akan dikordinasikan untuk bergerakbalas.
Efferent neurone Interneurone Afferent neurone

Neuron eferens Interneuron Neuron aferens
Diagram 9
Rajah 9
Ahmad is a Johor state goal keeper. Explain how Ahmad is able to push the ball
away from the goal post area in the penalty kick.
Ahmad adalah penjaga gol negeri Johor. Terangkan bagaimana Ahmad mampu
menolak keluar bola dari kawasan tiang gol semasa sepakan penalty.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
(b) Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal environment. The normal

blood sugar concentration in human is 75 – 110 mg/100 ml.
Homeostasis adalah pengekalan persekitaran dalam. Aras gula darah yang
normal pada manusia adlah 75 – 110 mg/100ml.
Explain how to regulate the blood sugar level in the normal range.
Terangkan bagaimana mengawal aras gula dalam darah pada julat normal
[10marks]
[10 markah]
END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

SULIT 24 4551/2

1. This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.
2. Answer all questions in Section A and any two questions from Section B.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A dan mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian
B.
3. The answers to Section A must be written in the space provided in the question paper.
Important steps in any calculation must be shown.
Jawapan bagi Bahagian A hendaklah ditulis pada ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas
soalan ini.
4. The answers to Section B must be written in separate answering paper. You may use
equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable ways maybe used to clarify your
answers.
Jawapan bagi Bahagian B hendaklah ditulis pada kertas jawapan berasingan. Anda boleh
menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai utuk menjelaskan
jawapan anda.
5. If you wish to change your answer, neatly cross out the answer that you have done. Then
write down the new answer.
Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan jawapan yang telah dibuat.
Kemudian tulis jawapan yang baru.
6. Marks allocated for each question or part question are shown in brackets.
Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam
kurungan.
7. The time suggested to answer Section A is 90 minutes and Section B is 60 minutes.

Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam Bahagian
A dan 60 minit untuk Bahagian B.
8. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.

Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulatir saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.

SULIT 4551/3
4551/3
Biologi Nama:
Kertas 3
September Kelas:
2011
1½ jam
NO. KAD PENGENALAN

- -
ANGKA GILIRAN
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN
SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011 4551/3
BIOLOGI
Kertas 3
September
2011
1 ½ jam Satu jam tiga puluh minit
1. Tulis nama penuh, kelas, nombor kad

pengenalan dan angka giliran anda Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa
pada ruang yang disediakan.
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam Kod Pemeriksa:
dwibahasa. Markah Markah
3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris Soalan
Penuh Diperolehi
mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam 1 33
bahasa Melayu. 2 17
4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan
atau sebahagian soalan anda sama ada Jumlah
dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa
Melayu.
5. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di
halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.

SULIT 2 4551/3
Answer all questions.

Jawab semua soalan.
1. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of intraspesific competition
on the growth of paddy seedlings.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan persaingan intraspesifik
terhadap pertumbuhan anak benih padi.
Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up of the experiment.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk eksperimen tersebut.
x 10 cm x x x 5cm x x x x x 2cm x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
Tray A Tray B Tray C
Kotak A Kotak B Kotak C
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Step 1 : Three seedling trays are filled with 4 kg of garden soil.

Langkah 1 : Tiga kotak semaian diisikan dengan 4 kg tanah kebun.
Step 2 : The trays are labeled as A, B and C.

Langkah 2 : Kotak-kotak semaian dilabelkan A, B dan C.
Step 3 : In tray A, 30 paddy seedlings are seedlinged at a distance of 10 cm intervals.

In tray B, 30 paddy seedlings are seedlinged at a distance of 5cm intervals.
In tray C, 30 paddy seedlings are seedlinged at a distance of 2cm intervals.
Langkah 3 : Dalam kotak A, 30 anak benih padi ditanam pada jarak 10cm berselang
seli
Dalam kotak B, 30 anak benih padi ditanam pada jarak 5 cm berselang seli,
Dalam kotak C, 30 anak benih padi ditanam pada jarak 2 cm berselang seli
Step 4 : Each tray is watered daily with the same amount of water for 30 days.
Langkah 4 : Setiap kotak semaian disiram tiap-tiap hari dengan jumlah air yang sama
banyak untuk 30 hari.
Step 5 : After 30 days, remove 10 paddy seedlings randomly from tray A, tray B and
tray C. The roots of seedlings are washed and wipe dry.
Langkah 5 : Selepas 30 hari, 10 anak benih padi dikeluarkan secara rawak dari kotak A,
kotak B dan kotak C. Akar anak benih dibersih dan dilapkan sehingg kering.
Step 6 : The dry weight of the paddy seedlings is recorded in Table 1.

Langkah 6 : Berat kering anak benih padi dicatatkan dalam Jadual 1.

SULIT 3 4551/3
(a) Record the dry weight of the paddy seedlings in the boxes provided in Table 1.
Rekodkan berat kering anak benih padi di dalam kotak yang disediakan dalam Jadual 1.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
Distance between
paddy seedlings Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings / (g)
Jarak antara anak Berat kering 10 anak benih padi / (g)
benih padi (cm)
10

SULIT 4 4551/3
For Distance between

Examiner’s
Use paddy seedlings Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings / (g)
Jarak antara anak Berat kering 10 anak benih padi / (g)
benih padi (cm)
1(a)
Table 1
Jadual 1

SULIT 5 4551/3
(b) (i) State two different observations made from Table 1.

Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang dibuat daripada Jadual 1.
Observation 1 :
Pemerhatian 1 :
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Observation 2 :
Pemerhatian 2 :
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
1(b)(i)
__________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
3
[3 markah]
(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1 (b) (i).
Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1 (b) (i).
Inference from observation 1 :

Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1 :
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Inference from observation 2 :

Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2 :
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
1(b)(ii)
__________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
3
[3 markah]

SULIT 6 4551/3
For (c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment

Examiner’s Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksprimen ini
Use
Variable Method to handle the variable

Pembolehubah Cara mengendali pembolehubah
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
1(c) Table 2
Jadual 2
[3 marks]
3 [3 markah]
(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
_______________________________________________________________
1(d) _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

SULIT 7 4551/3
(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment. For
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen ini. Examiner’s
Use
Your table should have the following title.

Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut.`
Ø Distance between paddy seedlings

Jarak antara anak benih padi
Ø Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings

Berat kering 10 anak benih padi
Ø Growth rate of paddy seedling

Kadar pertumbuhan anak benih padi
Dry weigth of paddy seedling

Growth rate =
Number of days
𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑖ℎ 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑖

𝐾𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑛 =
𝐵𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖
1(e)(i)
[3 marks] 3
[3 markah]

SULIT 8 4551/3
For (ii) Use the graph paper provided on page 7 to answer this part of question.
Examiner’s Using the data in 1(e)(i), draw the graph of the growth rate of paddy seedlings
Use against the distance between paddy seedling
Gunakan kertas graf yang disediakan dalam di muka surat 7 untuk menjawab
soalan bahagian ini.
Menggunakan data 1(e)(i), lukiskan graf kadar pertumbuhan anak benih padi
melawan jarak antara anak benih padi.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
1(e)(ii)

SULIT 9 4551/3
(f) Based on the graph in 1 (e) (ii) , explain the relationship between the growth rate For
of paddy seedling and distance between seedling. Examiner’s
Berdasarkan kepada graf di 1 (e) (ii), terangkan hubungan antara kadar Use
perumbuhan anak benih padi dengan jarak antara anak benih.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
1(f)
_______________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
3
(g) This experiment is repeated by increasing the distance between the paddy seedlings
to 20 cm.
Predict the observation.
Explain your prediction.
Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menambah jarak antara anak benih padi pada
20cm. Ramalkan pemerhatian.
Terangkan ramalan anda.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ 1(g)
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah] 3
(h) Based on the result from the experiment, what is the operational definition of intraspesific
competition?
Berdasarkan keputusan daripada eksperimen ini, apakah definisi secara operasi
persaingan intraspesifik?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ 1(h)
_______________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks] 3
[3 markah]

SULIT 10 4551/3
For
(i) When resources are in limited supply, organisms living in the same habitat will
Examiner’s compete for the same resources.
Use The following is a list of the resources.
Apabila sumber-sumber menjadi terhad, organisma hidup di habitat yang sama
akan bersaing untuk sumber yang sama.
Berikut ialah senarai sumber-sumber tersebut.
Food Space Light

Makanan Ruang Cahaya
Water Breeding mate

Air Pasangan mengawan
In Table 3, classify the resources given, according to what are the resources competed
by animals and resources competed by plants.
Dalam Jadual 3, klasifikasikan sumber-sumber yand diberi, mengikut apakah sumber-
sumber yang disaingi oleh haiwan dan sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh tumbuhan.
Resources competed by animal Resources competed by plant

Sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh Sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh
haiwan tumbuhan
Table 3
Jadual 3
1(i)
3
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

SULIT 11 4551/3
2. Transpiration is the loss of water vapour by living plants through evaporation to the
environment. The rate of transpiration is affected by external conditions.
Transpirasi adalah proses kehilangan wap air oleh tumbuhan hidup melalui sejatan ke
persekitaran. Kadar transpirasi ini dipengaruhi oleh keadaan luaran.
Based on the given information, plan a laboratory experiment to study the effect of wind
speed on the rate of transpiration in a plant.
Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi, rekabentuk satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji
kesan laju angin ke atas kadar transpirasi dalam satu tumbuhan
.
The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:
Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:
· Problem statement
Penyataan masalah
· Variables
Pembolehubah-pembolehubah
· Hypothesis
Hipotesis
· List of materials and apparatus

Senarai bahan dan radas digunakan
· Experimental procedure
Prosedur eksperimen
· Presentation of data
Cara data dipersembahkan
END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

SULIT 12 4551/3

1. This question paper consists of two questions. Answer all questions.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua soalan. Jawab semua soalan.
2. Write your answers for Question 1 in the spaces provided in the question paper.
Tuliskan jawapan bagi Soalan 1 dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan.
3. The answers for Question 2 must be written in separate answering paper. You may use
equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer.
Jawapan bagi Soalan 2 hendaklah ditulis pada kertas jawapan berasingan. Anda boleh
menggunakan persamaan, gambar rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk
menjelaskan jawapan anda.
4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.
Tunjukkan kerja mengira, ini membantu anda mendapatkan markah.
5. If you wish to change your answer, neatly cross out the answer that you have done. Then
write down the new answer.
Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan jawapan yang telah dibuat.
Kemudian tulis jawapan yang baru.
6. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.
7. Mark allocated for each questions or part question are shown in brackets.
Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam
kurungan.
8. The time suggested to answer Question 1 is 45 minutes and Question 2 is 45 minutes.
Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab Soalan 1 ialah 45 minit dan Soalan 2 ialah 45
minit.
Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.
10. Hand in all your answer sheets at the end of the examination.
Serahkan kertas soalan ini di akhir peperiksaan.
Marks awarded / Pemberian markah:
Score/ Skor Description / Penerangan

Excellent : The best response
3
Cemerlang : Respons yang paling baik
Satisfactory : An average response
2
Memuaskan : Respons yang sederhana
Weak : An inaccurate response
1
Lemah : Respons yang kurang tepat
No response or wrong response
0
Respons salah atau tiada memberi respons

SULIT 4551/1(PP)
SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011
BIOLOGI
PERATURAN PERMARKAHAN
Kertas 1
UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA
AMARAN
Peraturan pemarkahan ini SULIT.

Kegunaannya khusus untuk pemeriksa yang berkenaan sahaja. Sebarang maklumat dalam
peraturan pemarkahan ini tidak boleh dimaklumkan kepada sesiapa. Peraturan pemarkahan ini
tidak boleh dikeluarkan dalam apa-apa bentuk media.

4551/1(PP) © 2011 Hak Cipta JPNJ SULIT
SULIT 2 4551/1(PP)
BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
MARKING SHCEME
Question Answer Question Answer

1 A 26 B
2 A 27 D
3 A 28 D
4 C 29 D
5 A 30 A
6 C 31 D
7 C 32 B
8 D 33 D
9 A 34 B
10 D 35 B
11 A 36 C
12 D 37 D
13 C 38 D
14 C 39 B
15 C 40 C
16 B 41 D
17 A 42 C
18 D 43 A
19 A 44 D
20 D 45 D
21 B 46 C
22 A 47 C
23 C 48 C
24 D 49 C
25 C 50 A
END OF MARKING SCHEME

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN TAMAT

SULIT 4551/2(PP)
4551/2
Peraturan
Pemarkahan
Biologi
Kertas 2
September
2011
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
BIOLOGI
Kertas 2
AMARAN

Peraturan pemarkahan ini mengandungi 15 halaman bercetak

SULIT 2 4551/2(PP)
BIOLOGY PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A [60 MARKS]
Question Marking Criteria Marks

1 (a) Able to name X and Y.
Answer :
X: Ribosome 1
Y: Golgi apparatus 1 2
(b) (i) Able to give one example of the cell
Answer :
Pancreas // Ileum // stomach epithelial cell // salivary cell 1
(ii) Able to explain the effect on the production of extracellular

enzyme if organelle Y malfunction
Sample answers :
F: The production of extracellular enzyme is incomplete / 1
disrupted/ affected.
E1: (without Golgi apparatus/ Y), the protein cannot be modified 1
into extracellular enzyme.
E2: Protein cannot be sorted. 1
E3: Extracellular enzyme cannot be released/ transported to the 1
targeted cell/ organ.
[Any 2] 4
(c) Able to explain denaturation of enzyme.
Sample answers :
E1: High temperatures alter/ change the (three dimensional) shape 1
of the active site of enzyme molecules.
E2: substrates thus can no longer fit into the active sites of the 1
enzyme.
E3: the reaction cannot be carried out// substrate cannot be 1
hydrolysed. 2
[Any 2 E]
(d) Able to explain the reason why the blood stained cannot be
removed.
Sample answers :
E1: Blood is made up of protein. 1

SULIT 3 4551/2(PP)
E2: Protein is broken down /digested by Protease (enzyme). 1

E3: Therefore the use of Amylase (enzyme) in the detergent 1
powder would not be effective. 2
[Any two]
(e) Able to explain the effect of blocked bile ducts to the digestion of
lipids.
Sample answers :
E1 Gallstones blocked the secretion of bile. 1
E2 Lipids cannot be emulsified. 1
E3 The rate of lipase reaction will become slower// digestion of 1
lipids will be disrupted/ is incomplete.
E4 The patient might face obesity// become obese. 1 3
[Any 3 E]
TOTAL 12
2 (a) (i) Able to name the cellular component.
Answer :
Plasma membrane // cell membrane. 1
(ii) Able to name P and Q.
Answer :
P: Phospholipid bilayer 1
Q: Carrier Protein 1 3
(b) (i) Able to draw arrow to show the movement of oxygen across this
cellular component during day time.
Answer
Arrow from inside the cell to outside the cell, pass through 1
phospholipid bilayer 1
(ii) Able to explain the answer in (b) (i)
Sample answers:
E1 – (During day time), photosynthesis occurs in the cell to
produce O2. 1
E2 – O2 diffuses from higher concentration region to lower
concentration region// O2 diffuses by following the
concentration gradient. 1
E3 – O2 is non – polar molecule/ small molecule 1
E4 – O2 diffuses through phospholipid bilayer 1
[Any 3] 3

SULIT 4 4551/2(PP)
(c) (i) Able to explain what will happen to the cellular component.
Sample answer
F – This cellular component / plasma membrane is pushed against 1
the cell wall.
E1 – Distilled water is hypotonic to the cell sap // Cell sap is 1
hypertonic to distilled water.
E2 – Water molecules diffuse into the cell by osmosis 1
E3 – Vacuole expands / swells up. 1
[Any 3] 3
(ii) Able to draw a labeled diagram of the condition of palisade

mesophyll cell after being immersed in the distilled water.
Sample answer
D – The shape of the cell must be rectangular. 1

The cell wall is drawn with double line
The vacuole must be large
L – Label vacuole 1
*Reject other shape of the cell 2
TOTAL 12
3 (a) (i) Able to name stages X and Y.
Answer:
X : Prophase I 1
Y: Metaphase I 1 2

SULIT 5 4551/2(PP)
(ii) Able to state two differences between chromosomal behaviour at

X and Y
Answer:
PROPHASE 1 METAPHASE 1
D1- Homologous Homologous chromosomes 1
chromosomes are arranged are arranged on the metaphase
randomly plate/ equatorial plane
D2- The centromeres of the The centromeres of the 1
chromosomes are not hold by/ chromosomes are hold by/
attached to any spindle fibre. attached to the spindle fibres.
D3- Crossing over takes place Crossing over has already 1

between the non-sister taken place between the non-
chromatids sister chromatids
[Any 2] 2
(b) (i) Able to state the chromosome number in each of the daughter cell
produced.
Answer :
12 chromosomes 1 1
(ii) Able to state reason for answer in (b)(i)
Sample answer:
E2: During meiosis, the cell undergoes two nuclear divisions but 1
the chromosomes /DNA of each chromosome only replicates
once.
E3: Each daughter cell receives half the number of chromosomes 1
from the parent cell.
[Any 1 E] 2
(iii) Able to explain one important event that takes place during stage
X
Sample answers:
F1: Crossing over 1
E1: An exchange of segments of DNA between non-sister 1
chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
E2: which results in new combinations of genes on a chromosome 1
[Any 2] 2

SULIT 6 4551/2(PP)
(c) Able to draw one daughter cell produced at the end of the meiotic
division.
Any one daughter cell with the correct combination of

chromosome
Correct drawing of chromosome (number and combination) – 1

D1√
Correct drawing of the cell (chromosomes are enclosed in a 1
nuclear membrane) – D2√ 2
(d) Able to explain the effect in a human if the chromosomes fail to

separate during stage Y.
Sample answer:
E1: One of the daughter cells produced might contain one extra 1
chromosome / one lesser chromosome
E2: During fertilization, if the cell with an extra/ lesser 1
chromosome fuses with a normal sperm, the zigote shall
contain one extra/ 47 // one lesser / 45 chromosomes
E3: producing Down’s / Klinefelter’s // Turner’s Syndrome baby / 1
offspring
[Any two] 2

SULIT 7 4551/2(PP)
TOTAL 12
4 (a) (i) Able to state organ in which the tissue in Diagram 4.1 can be
found.
Answer :
Lungs 1
(ii) Able to state the function of organ named in (a)(i).
Sample answer:
Gaseous exchange // respiration. 1 2
(b) Able to explain how gaseous exchange occurs during respiration

in Diagram 4.1 and 4.2.
Sample answer for Diagram 4.1:

F1: Oxygen diffuses from alveolus into blood capillaries. 1
E1: Oxygen concentration/ partial pressure in alveolus is higher than in 1
blood capillaries.
F2: Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood capillaries to the alveolus. 1
E2: Carbon dioxide concentration/ partial pressure in blood capillaries is 1
higher than in alveolus.
[Max 2] 2
Sample answer for Diagram 4.2:
F1: Oxygen diffuses into mesophyll cells. 1
E1: Oxygen diffuses into the spaces between mesophyll cells through 1
stoma.
F2: Carbon dioxide diffuses out from the space (between cells/
1
mesophyll cells) in the leaves to the atmosphere.
E2: Carbon dioxide concentration/ partial pressure in blood capillaries is
higher than in alveolus. 1
[Max 2] 2
(c) Able to state two differences between tissue in Diagram 4.1 and
tissue in Diagram 4.2
Sample answer:
Tissue in Diagram 4.1 Tissue in Diagram 4.2

(Human) (Plant)
D1- Alveolus Leaf 1
D2- Carry out respiration Carry out photosynthesis 1
D3- Absent of chlorophyll Presence of chlorophyll 1

[Any 2 D] 2

SULIT 8 4551/2(PP)
(d) Able to explain how smoking affect the intake of oxygen
Sample answers:
E1: Carbon monoxide.
E2: bind with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin 1
E3: less oxygen combines with haemoglobin. 1
E4: tobacco tar will be deposited/ logged/ accumulated (inside the 1
lungs)
E5: reduce diffusion of oxygen 1
E6: Heat from the smoke 1
E7: Dry the surface of the alveoli 1
E8: Oxygen cannot be dissolved 1
[Any 4] 4
TOTAL 12
5 (a) (i) Able to name the class of food labeled R
Answer
Roughage / dietary fibre 1
(ii) Able to state the functions of R
Answer
aids/stimulates peristalsis//prevent constipation//absorbing and 1
eliminating toxic substances 2
(b) Able to state the health problems
Answer
P1. Overconsumption of salt (sodium) causes high blood 1
pressure leading to heart disease /stroke
P2. Overconsumption of sugar causes overweight/obesity 1
//diabetes//dental caries
P3. Overconsumption of lipid causes obesity//cardiovascular 1
diseases 3
(c) (i) Able to calculate the energy obtained by each individual
Answer
Moderately active adult man 1
Rice: 6000
Total energy obtained: 11425
Boy aged 15 years old 1

White bread: 2250
Total energy obtained: 14500 2

SULIT 9 4551/2(PP)
(ii) Able to explain why boy aged 15 years old need more daily
energy requirement compare to moderately active adult man
Answer
P1. Boy aged 15 years old is more active compare to 1
moderately active adult man.
P2. Boy aged 15 years old still undergoing growth process 1 2
(d) (i) Able to identifiy the deficiency disease
Answer
Rickets 1
(ii) Able to state the cause of the disease and posible effects in
children
Answer
Cause: lack of vitamin D / calciuferol 1
Posible effects in children: bent leg 1 3
TOTAL 12
SECTION B [40 MARKS]
Question Marking Criteria Marks

6 (a) Able to describe the process shown in Diagram 6.1.
Sample answer
P1 – The process is binary fission 1
P2 – When Amoeba sp. has grown to certain size 1
P3 – The nucleus divide by mitosis 1
P4 – Then the cytoplasm divides // Cytokinesis occurs 1
P5 – Form 2 genetically identical Amoeba sp. 1
[Any 4] 4
(b) Able to explain the living process that enable Amoeba sp. to
survive in fresh water which is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid
of Amoeba sp.
Sample answer
P1 – The living process is osmoregulation 1
P2 – Osmoregulation in Amoeba sp. involved contractile vacuole 1
P3 – Fresh water is hypotonic to Amoeba sp. 1
P4 – Water diffuses into Amoeba sp. by osmosis. 1
P5 – Water fills the contractile vacuole to its maximum size 1

SULIT 10 4551/2(PP)
P6 – Contractile vacuole contract 1

P7 – Expel the water out of the Amoeba sp. 1
P8 – Thus, Amoeba sp. does not burst 1
[Any 6] 6
(c) Able to explain how the animal tissues are organised to form the
organ in Diagram 6.2 and their roles in regulating body
temperature during a hot day.
Sample answer
P1 – This organ is skin 1
P2 – Skin consists of epithelial tissues, nerve tissues, muscle 1
tissues and connective tissues(at least two types of tissues)
P3 – Epithelial tissues specialised to form sweat gland 1
P4 – Sweat gland secrete sweat during hot day 1
P5 – Epithelial tissues specialised to form hair follicle/produce 1
hair 1
P6 – Muscle tissues found in skin is erector muscle 1
P7 – (During hot day), erector muscle relax, hair lies flat 1
P8 – Muscle tissues (found at wall of arteriole) is smooth muscle 1
P9 – Smooth muscle relax during hot day 1
P10 – Connective tissues found in the skin is blood tissues 1
P11 – When smooth muscle of arteriole relax, more blood flow to
the skin 1
P12 – more heat is lost 1
P13 – Nerve tissues is the receptor 1
P14 – Receptor detect the increase of the temperature 1
P15 – The function of the skin is to lower the body temperature to
normal
[Any 10] 10
TOTAL 20
7 (a) Able to explain double fertilization
Sample answer:
P1: Because there are two fertilizations. 1

P2: First fertilization happen when one of the male gamete fuses 1
with the egg cell
P3: to form zygote (2n) 1
P4: The second fertilization happens when the other male gamete 1
fuses with the two polar nuclei
P5: to form a triploid nucleus (3n) / endosperm 1
[Any 4] 4

SULIT 11 4551/2(PP)
(b) Able to describe how the formation of the embryo sac process
occurs.
Sample answer :
P1: The ovule develops from the ovarian tissue. 1

P2: It has an embryo sac mother cell (2n). 1
P3: The embryo sac mother cell (2n) undergoes meiosis 1
P4: to form a row of four haploid cells / megaspores (n) 1
P5: Three of four megaspores die, leaving one megaspore in the 1
ovule
P6 : The nucleus of the megaspore then undergoes mitosis three 1
times
P7: to form 8 haploid nuclei. 1
P8: 3 of 8 nuclei migrate to one end of the cell to form antipodal 1
cells
P9: Another 2 nuclei, called the pollar nuclei, move to the centre. 1
P10: 1 of the 3 nuclei (nearest the opening of the ovule / 1
micropyle) develops into an egg cell / female gamete,
P11: flanked by 2 synergid cells 1
(The structure formed is known as the embryo sac – where the
embryo will develop.)
[Any 6] 6
(c) Able to describe how double fertilization occurs in a plant.

Sample answers:
P1: Megaspores (n) / haploid cells / tetrad develop into pollen 1
grains
P2: The nucleus of each megaspore (n) / haploid cell / divides by 1
mitosis
P3: to form one tube nucleus and one generative nucleus 1
P4: (When a pollen grain falls on the stigma,) the secretion of 1
sucrose solution on the stigma
P5: stimulates (the pollen grain to germinate to) form pollen tube 1
P6: (During the growth of pollen tube) the generative nucleus 1
divides mitotically
P7: to produce two male gametes. 1
P8: the two male gametes move/follow behind the tube nucleus 1
(down the pollen tube until they) reach the micropyle (and
enter ovule for double fertilisation)
P9: the tube nucleus disintegrates
P10: and the two male gametes enter the embryo sac. 1
P11: (During double fertilisation) one male gamete fuses with the 1
egg cell/ovum 1
P12: to form a diploid zygote and
P13: the other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei 1

SULIT 12 4551/2(PP)
P14: to form a triploid nucleus (so double fertilization occurs ) 1

[Any 10] 1 10
TOTAL 20
8 (a) Able to explain the differences between the two human activities
Criteria:
1. State the types of phenomena
2. C: Differences in the causes
3. E: Differences in the effects
4. S: Differences in the ways to overcome
Sample answers:
Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2
F1: (The phenomenon is) acid (The phenomenon is) thinning 1
rain / depletion of ozone layer
The causes
C1: Combustion / Burning of Coolants in air conditioners 2
fossil fuels in power stations / and refrigerators /
factories / motor vehicles propellants in aerosol cans /
insulating foam
C2: release sulphur dioxide / Release chlorofluorocarbon / 2
SO2 and oxides of nitrogen / CFC molecules
NO and NO2
C3: Form sulphuric acid and Ultraviolet radiation (strikes a 2
nitric acid when combine with chlorofluorocarbon / CFC
water vapour molecules and causes a
chlorine atom to break away //
breaks the bond to release the
chlorine atom
C3: Fall to Earth as acid rain / Chlorine atom (collides and) 2
snow / hail / fog / frost / dew destroys the ozone molecule
(to form chlorine monoxide
and oxygen molecule)
[any 2 C = 4 m]
The effects
Agriculture: Leaf cells and chlorophyll are 2
E1: Leaching of minerals // damaged by ultraviolet rays //
the soil become acidic lower the rate of
photosynthesis // reduce crop
yield
Aquatic ecosystem: Ultraviolet rays kill 2
E2: Increase acidity in the microorganisms /
aquatic ecosystem // kill phytoplankton // destroy //
phytoplankton // destroyed disrupt the marine food chain
photosynthetic tissues //

SULIT 13 4551/2(PP)
accumulate insoluble
aluminium ions in lakes and
rivers which kill aquatic
organisms
Health: Prolonged exposure to 2
E3: Acidic soil releases ions of ultraviolet radiation lead to
certain heavy metals / skin cancer / melanoma /
contaminate the supply of cataract / weakened the
drinking water // irritate the immune system
lungs / make breathing
difficult / asthma / bronchitis.
E4: Corrode metal railing / Greenhouse effect/ global 2
bridges / damage buildings / warming// damage the eggs of
statues / automobiles / certain amphibians// wind
structures made of stone / patterns change// climatic
metal / historic buildings changes
[Any 2 E = 2 m]
The ways to overcome / Solutions
S1: Use scrubbers (to clean Reduce / stop / ban the use of 2
up emissions from power Chlorofluorocarbon/ CFC
stations and industrial plants)
S2: Use catalytic converters the world comply with the 2
(to clean up emissions from Montreal Protocol to reduce
vehicle exhausts) the use of CFCs (to cut the use
of CFC’s in half by the year
1997)
[Any S = 1 m]
[All C, E and S are independent] 11
(b) Able to explain the importance of sustainable management of

tropical rainforest.
Criteria:
1. Sustainable management of tropical rainforest
2. Explain the importance of conservation and
preservation
Sample answers
F1: Replanting trees in areas that have been logged // reforestation 1

E1: to keep the ecosystems in their natural state (which provides 1
aesthetic values for humans) // preserve natural resources for
outdoor/ recreational activities // eco-tourism // reduce stress
// promote healthy life style
E2: to maintain soil fertility 1

SULIT 14 4551/2(PP)
E3: to prevent flood/ soil erosion / landslide/ (muddy) flood/ 1

(flash) flood
E4: to avoid species extinction// to prevent extinction of flora and 1
fauna/ organisms/ species
E5: As an economic resource// source of raw materials for 1
construction industry / piling / furniture / boats / houses /
production of charcoal / tannin / food / other suitable example
// provide foods to human // resources for study / education /
research
F2: Selective logging 1
E5: to maintain a balanced ecosystem// to allow maximum 1
interaction among the living organisms/ biotic factors (in the
ecosystem) and interaction between biotic and abiotic factors
E6: to maintain major sources of human food / e.g: ulam / ferns / 1
Meats / honey // sources of medicinal plant / eg: herbs
E7: to sustain food web / food chain in the ecosystem 1
E8: to prevent disruption of natural cycle of water / carbon / 1
balance between photosynthesis and respiration // balance
oxygen and CO2 in the atmosphere // provide O2 // reduce
CO2
E9: to decrease the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere // to 1
reduce the greenhouse effect/ global warming
E10: to maintain the biodiversity of the forest// maintaining / 1
increasing biodiversity / complexity / variety of organisms /
species / flora and fauna
E11: to avoid lost of wildlife/ potential resources 1
E12: to avoid loss of watershed areas // provide natural water 1
catchment area
E13: maintaining (normal) weather (patterns) by minimize 1
climatic change / drought / harsh climate / maintain
temperature
E14: As a site for breeding / feeding of flora and fauna / serving 1
as valuable nursery area for organisms
[Any 10] 9
TOTAL 20
9 (a) Able to explain how to push the ball away.
Sample answer:
P1: (moving ) ball is an external stimulus 1
P2: receptor in the eye pick up /detect the ball/ stimulus 1
P3: the receptor trigger/generate nerve impulses 1
P4: the nerve impulse transit from the afferent neurons to the 1
interneurons in the brain
P5: The brain interprets the nerve impulse (from interneurons that 1
the ball is moving to goal keeper/ahmad)

SULIT 15 4551/2(PP)
P6: The brain decides what to do to stimulus( to catch or push 1

away the coming ball)// coordinate responses
P7: Nerves impulses are transmitted from interneurone to efferent 1
neurone across the synapse.
P8: Nerves impulses then transmit to muscles (effector) 1
P9: The muscles (in arm /leg) carry out the response 1
P10: Ahmad able to push away the ball from goal post. 1
P11: Impulse is transmitted across the synapse 1
P12: between afferent neuron and interneurone // interneurone and 1
efferent neuron
[any 10] 10
(b) Able to explain how to regulate blood sugar level in the normal
range
P1: (The islet cells in the) pancreas secretes insulin a 1

P2: and glucagon 1
P3: directly into blood stream. 1
P4: If the blood sugar level increase / more than 110 mg/100ml, 1
insulin convert excess glucose to glycogen
P5: in the liver. 1
P6: Insulin stimulate uptake of glucose by liver/muscle/adipose 1
cell for respiration..
P7: for cell respiration // to obtain energy 1
P8: blood sugar level decrease to normal range 1
P9: If blood sugar level decrease / less than mg/100ml , 1
glucagon convert glycogen to glucose
P10: glucagon promotes lipid breakdown 1
P11: to release fatty acid /energy 1
P12: blood sugar level increase to normal range. 1
[any 10] 10
TOTAL 20


SULIT 4551/3(PP)
4551/3
Peraturan
Pemarkahan
Biologi
Kertas 3
September
2011
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
BIOLOGI
Kertas 3
AMARAN

Peraturan pemarkahan ini mengandungi 13 halaman bercetak

SULIT 2 4551/3(PP)
QUESTION 1
1 (a) [KB0603 – Measuring Using Numbers]
Marking Criteria Score

Able to record all the data correctly. 3
Sample answers:
Distance between paddy seedlings / Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings / (g)

(cm)
10 41
5 22
2 8
Able to record 2 data correctly 2
Able to record 1 data correctly 1
Not able to respond / wrong response. 0
*Note: Accept any dry weight values between 40 – 42, 21 – 23 and 7 – 9
1 (b) (i) [KB0601 – Observation]
Marking criteria Score

Criteria : Use the
P1 : Distance between paddy seedlings scoring
P2 : Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings summary
provided.
Sample answers for accurate observation (P1 + P2):
[horizontal observation]
- At distance 10 cm, the dry weight of (10 )paddy seedlings is 40 g.
- At distance 5 cm, the dry weight of (10 )paddy seedlings is 22 g.
- At distance 2 cm, the dry weight of (10) paddy seedlings is 8 g.
[vertical observation]
- The dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings for distance 10 cm is higher than at
distance 5cm / 2 cm // vice versa.
Sample answer for inaccurate observation (only P1 / P2):
- At distance 10 cm , the dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings is highest.

- At distance 5 cm , the dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings is low
- At distance 2 cm, the dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings is the lowest.
Sample answer for idea level :

SULIT 3 4551/3(PP)
- Distance influences dry weight of paddy seedlings.

- The dry weight of paddy seedlings is different for each distance.
Scoring summary:
Able to state Score

One accurate observation And One accurate observation 3
One accurate observation And One Inaccurate observation 2
One Inaccurate observation And One Inaccurate observation
One accurate observation And One Idea level 1
One accurate observation And One Wrong observation
One Inaccurate observation And One Idea level
One Idea level And One Idea level
One Inaccurate observation And One Wrong observation 0
One Idea level And One Wrong observation
1 (b) (ii) [KB0604 – Making Inference]

Able to state the inference for the observations in (b) (i)
Criteria :
P1 : Growth rate
P2 : Intraspesific competition / competition for water / minerals / nutrients / light Use the
// more / less water scoring
summary
Sample answer for accurate inference : provided
[horizontal inference]
- (At distance 10 cm), there is low (intraspesific) competition so the growth (rate)
of paddy plant is high.
- (At distance 5 cm), there is low/high (intraspesific) competition so the growth
(rate) of paddy plant is high/low.
- (At distance 2 cm), there is high (intraspesific) competition so the growth (rate)
of paddy plant is low.
[vertical inference]
- At distance 10 cm, there is lower intraspesific competition so the growth rate of
paddy plant is higher than at distance 5cm/2 cm // vice versa.
Sample answer for inaccurate inference :
- (At distance 10 cm), there is low intraspesific competition.

- (At distance 10 cm), the growth rate of paddy plant is high.
- (At distance 2 cm), the growth rate of paddy plant is low.

SULIT 4 4551/3(PP)
Sample answer for idea level:
- There is competition among the paddy seedlings.
Scoring summary:
Able to state Score

One accurate inferense And One accurate inferense 3
One accurate inferense And One Inaccurate inferense 2
One Inaccurate inferense And One Inaccurate inferense
One accurate inferense And One Idea level 1
One accurate inferense And One Wrong inferense
One Inaccurate inferense And One Idea level
One Idea level And One Idea level
One Inaccurate inferense And One Wrong inferense 0
One Idea level And One Wrong inferense
1 (c) [KB0610 – Controlling Variable]

Able to state all 3 variables and methods to handle each variable correctly. (6 ticks)
Sample answer
3
Variable Method to handle the variable
Manipulated variable:
Distance between paddy Use different distance between paddy seedling / Use
seedlings the distances at 10cm, 5 cm, 2 cm.
Responding Variable:
Dry weight of paddy Measure and record dry weight of paddy seedlings
seedlings using the balance
OR
Growth rate Calculate the growth rate using formula

Dry weight of 10 paddy plant
Growth rate =
30 days

SULIT 5 4551/3(PP)
Constant variable:
Volume garden soil // Fix the volume of garden soil at 4 kg
Fix the same type of paddy plant

Type of paddy plant //
Size of tray Fix the same size of tray
Able to state 4 – 5 ticks 2

Able to state 2 – 3 ticks 1
No response or incorrect respons or 1 ticks only 0
1 (d) [KB0611 – State Hypothesis]

Able to state the hypothesis relating the manipulated variable and the responding 3
variable correctly :
P1 +P2+H
P1: manipulated variable ( distance between paddy seedlings)
P2: responding variable (dry weight /growth rate of paddy plant)
H: relationship of P1 and P2
Sample answer
- The further the distance between paddy seedlings, the higher the growth rate
of / dry weigh of paddy plant.
- When the distance decrease, the growth rate / dry weight of paddy plant will
be decrease.
Able to state a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable and the responding 2
variable but less accurate.
Sample answer :
- Different distance between paddy seedlings will increase the dry weight of
paddy plant differently.
- Distance influence the the growth rate / dry weight of paddy plant.
Able to state one idea of a hypothesis. 1
Sample answer
- The different distance give intraspesific competition

SULIT 6 4551/3(PP)
No response or incorrect respons. 0

Note: must write rate of
1 (e) (i) [KB0606 – Communicating data ]

Able to construct a table correctly with the following aspects 3
T – Title in the table with correct units - 1 mark

D – All data collected are correct - 1 mark
C – Growth rate calculated are correctly - 1 mark
Distance between paddy Dry weight of 10 paddy Growth rate / (g/days)

seedlings /(cm) seedlings /(g)
10 41 1.4 // 1.36
5 22 0.7 // 0.73
2 8 0.3 // 0.27
Any two correct aspects 2
Any one correct aspects 1
No response or incorrect response 0
Accept any dry weight values between 40 – 42, 21 – 23 and 7 – 9
1 (e) (ii) [KB0607 – Correlating time and space]

Able to draw the graph correctly which include the following aspects : 3
ü Correct title with units and scale of x-axis and y-axis – 1 mark
ü Transfer all three points correctly – 1 mark
ü Correct and line graph (line graph joining the 3 points) – 1 mark
Any two correct aspect 2

Any one aspect correct 1
1 (f)

Able to state the relationship between the growth rate of paddy seedlings and the 3
distance base on criteria:

SULIT 7 4551/3(PP)
R1 – Relationship : when the distance between paddy seedlings increases, the

growth rate of Paddy seedlings increases // vice versa
E1 – Explanation 1 : lower intraspecific competition / less competition for space /
water / nutrient / light
E2 – Explanation 2 : dry weight is increase / height increases
Sample answer :
As distance between paddy seedlings increases the growth rate of paddy seedling
increases. This is because there is lower intraspesific competition and cause the dry
weight / height of the paddy seedlings to increase.
Able to explain the relationship base on any two criteria. 2
Sample answer :
When the distance between paddy seedlings increases, the growth rate of paddy
plant increases because the intraspesific competition is low.
Able to explain the relationship based one criteria only. 1
Sample answer :
As distance increases, the growth rate of paddy seedling increases.
No response or incorrect respons 0

Note: Explanation 2 can accept more leaves
1 (g) [KB 0605 – Predicting]

Able to predict and explain the outcome of the experiment correctly with the 3
following criteria:
C1 – the dry weight more than 41 g / increases

C2 – because longer distance give more water / nutrient / space / light / the
intraspesific competetition decreases
C3 – the growth rate of paddy seedling increases
Sample answer
The dry weight more than 41 g because longer distance give more water / nutrient /
space to the paddy seedling. So the growth rate of paddy seedling increases
Any two criteria stated 2
Any one criteria stated 1

SULIT 8 4551/3(PP)
1 (h) [KB0609 – Define operationally]

Able to define operationally intraspesific competition
K1 – paddy plants compete between themselves

K2 – in the seedling tray for the limited resources / water / nutrients
K3 – The growth rate of paddy/ dry weight of paddy seedlings / competition of
paddy is affected by the distance between the seedlings
Sample answer :
Intraspesific competition is the growth of paddy seedlings in the tray that is shown 3
by the dry weight of paddy seedling .
Any two criteria stated 2

Any one criteria stated 1
Theoritical definition (1 mark)
Intraspecific competition is competition between organisms/ individuals of the same

speicies in the same habitat for the same resources that are limited supply.
1 (i) [KB 0602 – Classify]

Able to classify the all resources for the organism correcly. 3
Sample answer :
Resources competed by animal Resources competed by plant

Sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh Sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh
haiwan tumbuhan
Food Food
Water Water
Space Space
Breeding mate Light
All 8 ticks
6-7 ticks 2
3-5 ticks 1

SULIT 9 4551/3(PP)
QUESTION 2
KB 061201 – Identifying Problem Statement

Able to write a problem statement correctly base on 3 criteria: 3
P1: Manipulated variables : wind speed

P2: Responding variables : Rate of transpiration / time taken for air bubble to
move a distance of 2cm
H: Relationship in question form (?).
Sample Answer
- Does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration of a plant?

- How does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration of a plant?
- What is the effect of wind speed on the rate of transpiration?
Able to write a problem statement but less correctly base on 2 criteria. 2
Sample Answer
- The rate of transpiration is affected by the wind speed.

- What is the effect of wind speed on the rate of transpiration.
Able to give an idea about the problem statement base on 1 criteria 1
Sample Answer
- Wind speed affect the transpiration of a plant.

- Transpiration is influenced by wind speed.
Variables

Able to state all the three variables correctly 3
Sample Answer
Manipulated variable Wind speed

Responding variable The Time taken for the air bubble to move at a
distance of 2 cm // The rate of transpiration

SULIT 10 4551/3(PP)
Constant variable - Type of plant / balsam plant

- Relative humidity
- Temperature
- High intensity
Each variable 1 mark
KB 061202 - Hypothesis

Able to state the hypothesis based on the following criteria 3
P1 – Manipulated variable :Wind speed / Fan Speed / Distance of fan

P2 – Responding variable : Rate of transpiration / time taken for the air bubble
to move at a distance of 2 cm distance
R – Relationship : Increase/decrease / higher / shorter
Sample Answer
- The higher the wind speed / closer the distance of fan, the higher the rate of
transpiration of a plant.
- The higher the wind speed, the shorter time taken of air bubble to move for
2 cm distance
- When the wind speed increases the rate of transpiration increases
-
Able to write a hypothesis based on any 2 criteria. 2
Sample Answer
- When the wind speed increases the rate of transpiration increases

- The higher the wind speed, the higher the transpiration of a plant
- The wind speed affects the rate of transpiration of a plant.
Able to write a hypothesis at idea level/ based on P1/ P2. 1

Wrong concept
Sample Answer
- Wind speed affect / influence the transpiration of a plant

- Rate of transpiration affects the wind speed

Note: hypothesis with wrong theory is accepted

SULIT 11 4551/3(PP)
KB061206 – Materials and apparatus

Able to list all materials and apparatus needed to carry out the experiment 3
successfully.
Sample Answer
Apparatus (A): photometer, stopwatch, cutter, beaker, meter ruler, basin,

marker / thread
Materials (M): balsam plant/any suitable leafy plant , water, Vaseline / grease,
dry cloth
7A+4M
Any 5 to 6 A + 3 M 2
Any 3 to 4 A + 2 M 1
Incomplete list or wrong or no response 0
2A+1M
1A+1M
KB 061204 – Procedure

Able to write all the steps in carrying out the experiment successfully.
K1 : Steps to set up the apparatus (any 5 )

K2 : Steps to handle the fixed variable (any 1)
K3 : Steps to handle the responding variable (any 1)
K4 : Steps to handle the manipulated variable
K5 : Precautionary steps / steps taken to get accurate results / readings
All 5K present 3
Any 3 to 4K present 2
Any 2K present 1

SULIT 12 4551/3(PP)
Sample answer for Prodecure
Procedure K’s
Fan
K1
The leafy shoot is selected from a plant and cut off the shoot using a sharp knife.
Insert the cut end of the leafy shoot into the hole in the cork of the potometer under water K1
Introduce an air bubble in the capillary tube K1
The photometer is sealed using vaseline to make apparatus airtight. K5
Mark two points at a distance 2 cm (using a marker / thread). K1
K2
Wipe the leaves and the apparatus dry by using a dry cloth K5
Turn on the fan using fan speed 1. K1
The fan speed is recorded.
Using stop watch, the time taken for the air bubble to move a distance of 2 cm is K3
recorded in a table
Calculate the rate of transpiration by using the formula K3
1 length(cm)
Rate of transpiration = or
time(min) time(min)
Repeat the experiment by using the same leafy shoot but with fan speed 2, fan speed 3 K2
and with the fan turned off. K4
All data is recorded in table K1
The experiment is repeated to get average readings K5

SULIT 13 4551/3(PP)
Communicating data

Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data base on the 2 criteria: 2
- Titles for operating MV and operating RV with units: Wind speed and Time
taken for air bubble to move a distance of 2 cm (min)
- Responding Variable with unit: Rate of transpiration (min-1)
Sample Answer
Wind speed Time taken for air Rate of

bubble to move a transpiration
distance of 2 cm (min) (cm min-1) or (min-1)
0
1
2
3
Any one criteria 1



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Johor SPM Trial 2011 Biology (W Ans) v2

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SULIT* 4551/1

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2011

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

3. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 29 halaman bercetak

[Lihat halaman sebelah]

1. Diagram 1 shows an organelle.

Which of the following cell possess the organelle in Diagram 1?

2. Diagram 2 shows a unicellular organism.

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3. Diagram 3 shows part of a plasma membrane.

What are the parts labeled I and II?

B Hydophobic head Hydrophilic tail

C Polar head Polar tail

D Non-polar head Non-polar tail

[Lihat halaman sebelah]

5. Diagram 5 shows the molecular structure of two classes of food.

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What are the food classes of P and Q?

6. Which type of carbohydrate is found in abundance in liver cells?

7. Which of the following enzyme is synthesised in pancrease?

8 Which of the following cell does not carry out mitosis?

[Lihat halaman sebelah]

Sel darah merah

A process of utilization of digested nutrient to form complex compounds.

What is the process?

10 Diagram 6 shows a ruminant digestive system.

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11 Diagram 7 shows the human digestive system.

12 Diagram 8 shows the structure for gaseous exchange in humans.

Which of the following are the adaptive characteristics?

[Lihat halaman sebelah]

Lengkap dengan salur darah utama

13 Diagram 9 shows three different types of organisms.

B Alveolus Skin Tracheoles

C Alveolus Tracheoles Skin

D Tracheoles Alveolus Skin

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14 Diagram 10 shows a profile of a mangrove swamp.

Muddy shore without Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

What are the dominant species found in each zone?

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

B Bruguiera sp Avicennia sp and Rhizophora sp

C Avicennia sp and Rhizophora sp Bruguiera sp

D Avicennia sp and Bruguiera sp Rhizophora sp

[Lihat halaman sebelah]

Owl / Burung hantu

What is the type of interaction is shown by the graph?

16 Which of the following is the main cause of acid rain?

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17 Diagram 12 shows a cross section of a young dicotyledon root consisting of a few

18 Which of the following substances causes prothrombin to change to thrombin?

19 Which type of immunity is obtained by injecting antiserum into the body?

[Lihat halaman sebelah]

20 What are the functions of the human skeleton?

I Support the body

21 Diagram 13 shows a human lumbar vertebrae.

What is the function of X and Y?

A Protection for spinal cord

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22 Diagram 14 shows the growth curve of an insect.

Body length (cm)