& CONSTRUCTION PROVISION FOR used water into the water supply system. PLUMBING CODE The Drainage system should ADDITIONAL INFO: have accomplished the following: Plumbing 1. Fast removal of the - The “plumbing” of a waste with a minimum building, as the term is probability of leakage commonly used, includes and stoppage of drains. the pipes for 2. To prevent the entry of distributing the water house vermin and obnoxious supply,' the fixtures gases into the house from for using water, and the pipping system. drainage pipes for removing waste water and Mandatory Requirements for a sewage, together with Drainage System fittings and All plumbing Design and appurtenances of various installations are governed by kinds, all within or a set of rules and adjacent to the limitations prescribed by the building. National Plumbing Code, which provides that: Objectives of Plumbing: “All drainage system must Two main objectives of conform with a set of Plumbing requirements enumerated as follows”: 1. To supply water to different parts of the 1. That, all pipe joints building. must be well fitted and 2. To remove and discharge tightly connected with human wastes and other each other to prevent substances out of the leakage of gas and building into the public liquid. sewer or septic tank. 2. That, the drainage pipe should be graded or Conditions for an effective inclined properly for a water supply in Building downward gravity flow of 1. To provide sufficient water towards the main amount of water to sewer line or to the supply each fixture. septic tank. 3. That, the drainage pipe Section 708- GRAVITY DRAINAGE should be provided with REQUIRED adequate cleanout, Where practicable, all accessible for repair in plumbing fixtures shall be case of stoppage drained into the public sewer 4. The drainage system must or private sewage disposal be provided with system by gravity. ventilation pipe that will convey gases to the atmosphere where it can do no harm to human Section 120l - SEWER REQUIRED health. Every building in which 5. That, except for water plumbing are installed and closet, each fixture every premises having shall be provided with drainage piping thereon, suitable trap that will shall have a connection to a prevent back flow of public or private gases. excreta sewerage system., 6. That, the drainage except as provided in system must be vented, Subsections 1201.2 and to avoid siphonage or 1201.4 back flow of the water seal. THERE ARE THREE DEGREES OR STUDIES SHOWS: GRADES OF WASTE WATER - Most of the water borne 1. Storm Water- from the diseases such as rain. dysentery, typhoid, 2. Grey Water- wastes from diarrhea and other laundries, wash basins, intestinal disorders are sinks, showers, bath tubs). prevalent in areas where 3. Black Water- water plus there is no proper human waste solid and SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM. liquid, urine, that is flushed out of - Daily average volume of toilets and urinals. human waste or excreta is about 80 grams of feces & 950 grams of DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION urine. CODES: - Rate if water dilution about 30 to 100 gallons per day to form sewage. TYPES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM 1. CESSPOOL 2. PRIVY SIZE OF THE SEPTIC TANK 3. SEPTIC TANK Sanitary authorities 4. PUBLIC SEWER LINE agreed in principle that: 1. For a family of 6 persons, the minimum tank capacity should be CONSTRUCTION OF THE SEPTIC approximately 1.3 cubic TANK meters wit h a minimum size of 90cm wide by septic tanks is 150cm long and 120cm constructed from either of depth the following materials: 2. The size of the tank is 1. Reinforced Concrete proportionally based on 2. Plastered concrete the number of persons hollow blocks expected to be served.
3. Prefabricated asbestos 3. For residential
installation, the 4. Thin metal and plastic practice is to allow 5-6 GENERAL CONDITIONS IN cubic feet of tank CONSTRUCTING A SEPTIC TANK volume per person. (e.g)
1. Septic Tank usually NOTE:
constructed in a Where large amount of water rectangular form. waste is coming from the 2. Minimum inside dimension shower bath, laundry and of a septic tank is 90 others, it is not advisable cm wide by 150 cm long. to permit entry of these waters into the septic tank. 3. For effective Likewise, all downspout decomposition of organic collecting water from the materials inside the roof, should not be allowed septic tank, a 120cm to terminate into the septic depth of liquid content tank. RAINWATER SHOULD BE is necessary. Just not CONVEYED TO THE STORM DRAIN. deeper than GWT. 4. Manhole. Ex. Determine the size of a LOCATION OF SEPTIC TANK septic tank to serve 200 location of the septic persons in a commercial tank shall observe the establishment following considerations • Assume 1.2m width of 1. The septic tank may be tank per 100 person located closer to the • Max depth is 1.50m building it will serve, providing a minimum • L= Digestion chamber distance of 2 meters from outside the wall. • l/2= leaching well 2. As much as possible, the septic tank should not A motel with toilet and bath, be located closer to the and kitchen facilities will doors or windows. serve a maximum of 100 3. Septic tank should be at persons. Determine the least 15 meters away capacity and dimensions of from any source of water the septic tank. supply. Farther the Use Formula V=1.125+.75Q better.
Cleanouts shall placed inside
the- building near the connection between the building drain and the building sewer or installed outside the building at the lower end of the building drain and extended to grade Two-way clean-out fitting installed ………. . SECTION 1207 The ideal position of THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE ON horizontal water pipe, were THE SIZE OF WASTE PIPE those installed at 2% slop. PROVIDES THAT: Meaning, the pipe was “THE WASTE PIPE DIAMETER installed with an inclination SHALL BE ADEQUATE ENOUGH TO ratio of 2 centimeters per SERVE THE INSTALLATION OF meter length. FIXTURES IN A GENERAL WAY, (e.g. a 3meters pipe BUT THE BEST WAY IS TO FIT installed will have an THE DIAMETERS OF COMMERCIAL inclination of 3x2=6cm. PIPE INTO THE FIXTURE PATTERN IN THE MOST EFFICIENT MANNER.”
The fixture UNIT
The National Plumbing Code strongly indorsed the use of fixture Unit Value as waste load in determining the size of the waste Pipe. The test result showed that a wash basin being one of the smallest fixtures, DISCHARGE WASTE AT APPROXIMATELY ONE CUBIC FOOT OF WATER PER MINUTE INTERVAL. Committee finally decided to establish the ‘UNIT FIXTURE’ and called the water discharge as One Fixture Unit. = 1 cubic foot of waste discharged in one private bathrooms in hotels minute.’ and hospitals, to rest rooms in commercial GENERAL CONDITIONS IN establishments for restricted CONSTRUCTING A SEPTIC TANK use, single fixture or group 1. Septic Tank usually of single fixtures constructed in a and to similar installations rectangular form. where the fixtures are intended for the use of a 2. Minimum inside dimension family or an individual …… of a septic tank is 90 SECTION 217.18 cm wide by 150 cm long. 3. For effective decomposition of organic 1. WATER CLOSET materials inside the 2. LAVATORIES septic tank, a 120cm 3. URINALS depth of liquid content 4. ETC. is necessary. Just not deeper than GWT. 4. Manhole.
Example: Determine the size of a horizontal waste pipe to serve 5 urinals, 3 lavatories, 8 showers and 2 slop sinks.