1 D/F
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
LABORATORY – 1
Lab Manual
15EEL37
B.E - III Semester
Lab Manual 2017-18
Name :__________________________________________________
USN :___________________________________________________
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
LABORATORY – 1
Lab Manual
Version 2.0
August 2017
2. Praveen M G
Assistant Professor
Approved by:
V C Kumar
Professor & Head
Dept. of EEE
ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY – 1
1. Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on single phase step up or step down transformer and
predetermination of
(i) Efficiency and regulation. (ii) Calculation of parameters of equivalent circuit.
2. Sumpner’s test on similar transformers and determination of combined and individual
transformer efficiency.
3. Parallel operation of two dissimilar single-phase transformers of different kVA and
determination of load sharing and analytical verification given the Short circuit test data.
4. Polarity test and connection of 3 single-phase transformers in star – delta, delta-delta and
V-V (Open delta) and determination of efficiency and regulation under balanced resistive
load.
5. Scott connection with balanced and unbalanced loads.
6. Separation of hysteresis and eddy current losses in single phase transformer.
7. No load and load characteristics of DC shunt generator.
8. Voltage regulation of an alternator by EMF and MMF methods.
9. Voltage regulation of an alternator by ZPF method.
10. Slip test – Measurement of direct and quadrature axis reactance and predetermination of
regulation of salient pole synchronous machines.
11. Performance of synchronous generator connected to infinite bus, under constant power
and variable excitation & vice - versa.
12. Power angle curve of synchronous generator.
Channabasaveshwara Institute of Technology
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)
NH 206 (B.H. Road), Gubbi, Tumkur – 572 216. Karnataka.
VISION:
MISSION:
To provide high quality technical and professionally relevant education in the field of
electrical engineering.
To prepare the next generation of electrically skilled professionals to successfully
compete in the diverse global market.
To nurture their creative ideas through research activities.
To promote research and development in electrical technology and management for the
benefit of the society.
To provide right ambience and opportunities for the students to develop into creative,
talented and globally competent professionals in electrical sector.
Channabasaveshwara Institute of Technology
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)
NH 206 (B.H. Road), Gubbi, Tumkur – 572 216. Karnataka.
OUR VISION
To create centers of excellence in education and to serve the society by enhancing the quality
of life through value based professional leadership.
OUR MISSION
learning environment.
To provide the values that prepare students to lead their lives with personal integrity,
To promote a campus environment that welcomes and honors women and men of all
races, creeds and cultures, values and intellectual curiosity, pursuit of knowledge and
academic integrity and freedom.
professional societies.
Record Marks
Manual Marks
Date
(Max . 20)
Signature
Signature
(Max. 10)
(Student)
(Faculty)
Sl.
No.
Name of the Experiment
Submission
Conduction Repetition
of Record
Average
Note:
If the student fails to attend the regular lab, the experiment has to be
completed in the same week. Then the manual/observation and record
will be evaluated for 50% of maximum marks.
Course objectives & outcomes
Course objectives:
Course outcomes:
2. Students will not be permitted to attend the laboratory unless they bring
the practical record fully completed in all respects pertaining to the
experiment conducted in the previous class.
3. Name plate details including the serial number of the machine used for
the experiment should be invariably recorded.
6. Wherever graphs are to be drawn, A-4 size graphs only should be used
and the same should be firmly attached to the practical record.
11. Before doing the circuit connection, check the active components,
equipments etc, for their good working condition.
CONTENTS
First Cycle Experiments
Expt. Page
Title of the Experiment
No. No.
1 Regulation of Alternator by ZPF Method. 02
2 OC & SC Tests on 1-Ф Transformer. 08
3 Slip Test on Alternator. 14
4 Scott Connection. 18
5 Separation of hysteresis and eddy current losses in single phase transformer. 20
6 No-Load and Load characteristics of a DC - shunt generator. 24
7 Polarity test on 1-ф transformer. 30
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Tabular Column
1. Open Circuit Test 2. Short Circuit Test
If ISC
V0 Volts Amps Amps
Sl. If
No Amps
VL Vph
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
Apparatus Required
Procedure
3. ZPF Test
Sl. I1 If W1 W2 V
No. Ampere Ampere Watt Watt Volt
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
b. ZPF Test
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram (1.b)
2. Keeping the rheostat R1 in the field circuit of the motor in cut-out position, the
rheostat R2 in the armature circuit of the motor and the rheostat R3 in the field
circuit of the generator in cut-in position, the supply switch (S1) is closed.
3. The motor is brought to its rated speed by cutting out the rheostat R2 and
Cutting in the rheostat R1, if necessary.
4. The alternator voltage is built up to its rated value by gradually cutting out the
rheostat R3.
5. The TPST (S2) is closed and vary the inductive load up to the rated current
of the Alternator. The readings of all the meters are noted down.
6. The load is gradually removed, the TPST switch (S2) is opened and all
Rheostats are brought back to their respective initial positions then the supply
switch (S1) is opened.
4. Point A is marked on X-axis such that OA represents the field current required to
drive full load current at short circuit condition. It is equal and opposite to the
demagnetizing armature reaction and balancing leakage reactance drop at full
load.
5. Points A and B are joined to get ZPF curve which is parallel to OCC curve.
6. From point B a point H is marked such that BH=OA.
7. From point H a line HD is drawn parallel to the tangent such that it cuts OCC
curve at point D.
Model Graph
CALCULATION:
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
OPEN CIRCUIT (OC) & SHORT CIRCUIT (SC) TEST ON 1-Ф TRANSFORMER
AIM:
By conducting Open circuit and Short Circuit tests on a given 1-Ф transformer to
predetermine efficiency, voltage regulation and to draw its equivalent circuit.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE:
3. Vary the auto transformer voltage gradually and apply rated voltage to the LV
side of the transformer and keep the HV side open.
3. By varying the 1-Ф auto transformer, a low voltage is applied to HV side of the
transformer such that the rated current flows through it and short the LV side of
the transformer.
4. The Primary rated current is given by :
I1 = (kVA * 1000) / Rated Primary voltage (V1).
TABULAR COLUMN:
WO
Sl. No VO (Volts) IO (Amps)
(Watt)
Wsc
Sl. No VSC (Volts) ISC (Amps)
(Watt)
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
CALCULATION:
V’2 = V2 / K
i.e.,WO = VoIoCosФo
W0
Therefore CosØ0 =
V0 I 0
V0
Exciting Resistance; R0 = Ω
Iw
V0
Exciting Reactance; X0 = Ω
Im
WSC
R01 = 2
Ω
ISC
VSC
Z01 = Ω
ISC
X01 = Z 201 R 01
2
Ω
MODEL GRAPH:
Sl. Load
pf %ŋ
No. (X)
1. ¼
2. ½
1
3. ¾
4. 1
1. ¼
2. ½
0.8
3. ¾
4. 1
IR 01CosØ IX 01SinØ
% Voltage Regulation = 100
V0
Sl. %Regulation
Pf
No. Lagging Leading
1. Unity
2. 0.8
3. 0.6
4. 0.4
5. 0.2
Calculation………..
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Tabular Column
Vector Diagram
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
Aim
To determine Xd and Xq of a salient pole alternator by conducting slip test and to
Predetermine its regulation.
Apparatus Required
Procedure
Calculation
CosФ = 0.8
SinФ = 0.6
Therefore Ф = 36.86
Therefore α =θ - Ф
Therefore
Eo/phase = (V Cos α ± Id .Xd + Iq Ra) Volt
Therefore
Eo V
Regulation %R= V *100
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN:
SCOTT CONNECTION
AIM:
To verify the currents in the main Transformer and teaser transformer in Scott
connection with balanced and unbalanced load.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE:
Calculation:
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
AIM:
To separation the Eddy current loss and Hysteresis loss from the iron loss of 1-Φ
transformer.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE:
TABULAR COLUMN
Wattmeter
Sl. Speed of Prime Supply Primary Voltage
Reading Wi / f
No. Mover (N) rpm Frequency (f) Hz (V) Volts
(Wi) Watts
MODEL GRAPH
Calculation:
1. Frequency(f)=PNs/120
Where P-number of poles; Ns-Synchronous speed in rpm
2. Hysteresis loss(Wh)=A f
3. Eddy current loss(We)=B f2
4. Iron loss or core loss(Wi)= We +Wh
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Resistive Load
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
Aim:
To draw the external and internal characteristics of the given D.C shunt
generator.
Apparatus Required:
Sl.
Particulars Range Type Quantity
No.
0-300V MC 01
01 Voltmeters
0-30V MC 01
0-10/20 A MC 01
02 Ammeters
0-1/2A MC 01
0-750Ω,1.2A - 02
03 Rheostats
0-38Ω, 8.5A - 01
04 Tachometer - - 01
Procedure
A. NO- LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram (6.a).
2. Keeping the rheostat R1 in the field circuit of the motor in cut-out position, the
rheostat R2 in the armature circuit of the motor and the rheostat R3 in the field
circuit of the generator in cut-in positions, and all load switches in off condition,
the supply switch (S1) is closed, the motors starts rotating.
3. The motor is brought to its rated speed by gradually cutting out rheostat
R2completelyand cutting in the rheostat R1, if necessary.
4. The generator voltage is built in steps up to its rated value by gradually cutting-
out rheostat R3.
5. Note down the corresponding generated voltage and field currents in steps. Plot
the graph.
B. LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram (6.a).
2. Keeping the rheostat R1 in the field circuit of the motor in cut-out position, the
rheostat R2 in the armature circuit of the motor and the rheostat R3 in the field
circuit of the generator in cut-in positions, and all load switches in off condition,
the supply switch (S1) is closed, the motors starts rotating.
3. The motor is brought to its rated speed by gradually cutting out rheostat R2
completely and cutting in the rheostat R1, if necessary.
4. The generator voltage is built up to its rated value by gradually cutting-out
rheostat R3.
Model Graph
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
5. The generator is loaded in steps by gradually applying the loads, speed of the
motor is brought to its rated value by cutting in R1 and at each step the
corresponding values of the terminal voltage (VL), the load current (IL) and the
field current (If) are noted.
Note: (Motor or Generator should not be loaded beyond its rated value)
6. The load on the generator is completely removed; all the rheostats are brought
back to their respective initial positions, then the supply switch (S1) is opened.
Characteristics Curves
a. External Characteristics
A graph of VL v/s IL is drawn, which represents the ‘External Characteristics curve’
b. Internal Characteristics
I. Graphical method
1. To Draw Q: Consider any reading Ia vs IaRa, Draw a Straight line from origin
2. To Draw P: Consider any reading If vs VL. Draw a Straight line from origin
3. Shunt field resistance line OP and armature line OQ are drawn as shown in the
External characteristics curve.
5. From point F, horizontal line FA and vertical line FC are drawn which are
intersecting Y and X axes respectively.
8. Point G is selected on the produced line DH so that HG=DE, which represents the
armature drop. G is a point on the internal characteristics.
TABULAR COLUMN
1. NO-LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
Sl. EO If
No. (Volt) (Ampere)
2. LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
Sl. V I Resistance
No (Volts) (Ampere) Ra = V/I Ω
Sl. V I Resistance
No (Volts) (Ampere) Rsh = V/I Ω
11. Therefore EMF generated after allowing for the drop due to armature reaction:
Eg = V + Ia Ra volt
= DH+DE
=DH+HG (where HG=DE)
=DG
GK is the drop due to armature reaction
12. Similarly some more points are located on the external characteristics curve and
corresponding points on internal characteristics are determined.
13. A curve is drawn passing through these points, which represents ‘Internal
characteristics Curve’.
Calculation:
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN:
V V1 V V1
Sl. No Sl. No
(Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts)
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
AIM:
To verify the voltage across the windings of a given 1-Ф Transformer for additive
and subtractive connections.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE:
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
AIM:
To verifyandCompare the performance of 3 single-phase transformers in delta – delta
and V – V (open-delta) connection under load.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE
A) Polarity test:
TABULAR COLUMN:
V V1
Sl.No
(Volts) (Volts)
V1 I1 I2 I3 I4 W1 W2 W3 W4 V2
Sl.No (Amps) (Amps) (Amps) (Watt) (Watt) (Watt) (Volts)
(Volts) (Amps) (Watt)
V1 I1 I2 I3 I4 W1 W2 W3 W4 V2
Sl.No (Amps) (Amps) (Amps) (Watt) (Watt) (Watt) (Volts)
(Volts) (Amps) (Watt)
V1 I1 I2 I3 I4 W1 W2 W3 W4 V2
Sl.No
(Volts) (Amps) (Amps) (Amps) (Amps) (Watt) (Watt) (Watt) (Watt) (Volts)
Calculation:
+
%ŋ= ×
+
−
% =
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
SUMPNER’S TEST
AIM:
To conduct the Sumpner’s test, or Back to Back test on two identical transformers
to predetermine their efficiency.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE:
3. Vary the 1-Ф auto-transformer no-(1) gradually and apply the rated voltage of
the transformer. [say 230V]
4. The reading of voltmeter (V2) connected across the SPST switch (S3) is observed.
It should read zero; if not, the auto-transformer is brought back to its initial zero
out-put position, open the supply switch (S1) and interchange one of the
transformer’s secondary terminals.
5. Close the supply switch (S1), repeat step no-3. Close SPST switch (S3). (By
ensuring voltmeter (V2) reads zero). The watt-meter (W0), voltmeter (V1) and
ammeter (I1) readings are noted down.
6. Switch (S2) is closed and by operating the auto-transformer (2) very slowly, a low
voltage is applied such that rated current flows through the transformer. The
wattmeter (WCU) and ammeter (I2) readings are noted down.
7. The auto-transformers (2) and then (1) are brought back to their initial zero out-
put positions, the DPST switch (S2), SPST switch (S3), and supply switch (S1) are
opened.
TABULAR COLUMN:
V1 I1 Wo I2 Wcu
Sl. No
(Volts) (Amps) (Watt) (Amps) (Watt)
MODEL GRAPH:
Calculation……
kVA x1000
Rated current of Transformer =
Rated Voltage
Total Iron loss in both transformers = Wi = _______ Watt
Wi
Iron loss in each transformer = Wi/2 = = ________ Watt
2
Full load total Copper loss of both transformers = Wcu=__________ Watt
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
Wcu
Full load Copper loss of each transformer = WCU/2 = =__________ Watt
2
a. For combined efficiency (ŋ)
Sl. No x (Load) pf %ŋ
Sl. No x (Load) pf %ŋ
01. 1
01. 1
02. ¾
UPF 02. ¾
03. ½ UPF
03. ½
04. ¼
04. ¼
05. 1
05. 1
06. ¾
06. ¾
0.7 0.7
07. ½ 07. ½
08. ¼ 08. ¼
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
Aim
To operate the Alternator on
Infinite Bus.
Constant Power and Variable Excitation.
Variable Excitation and Constant Power.
Apparatus Required
Procedure
Tabular Column
Calculation:
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
Aim
To determine the percentage regulation of the given three phase alternator by
Open circuit and short circuit tests.
By EMF method
By MMF method
Apparatus Required
04 Tachometer - - 01
Procedure
a. Open Circuit Test
1. The rheostat R3 is brought to its initial position (cut-in) and TPST (S2) is closed.
2. By gradually cutting out the rheostat R3, reading of the ammeter (A2, 0-10/20A) is
adjusted to the rated current of the alternator and the corresponding field current
(A1) is noted down.
3. All the rheostats are brought back to their respective initial positions, TPST switch
(S2) and supply switch (S1) are opened.
Tabular Column
I. EMF Method
i. Draw OCC and SCC for suitable scales as shown in model graph no (1).
ii. Mark a point A on the OCC corresponding to the rated voltage and draw a
Perpendicular so that it cuts SCC line at a point B and X-axis at point C.
iii. Corresponding to point A, E1 is the open circuit voltage per phase, and BC is the
Short circuit current.
Therefore Synchronous impedance per phase Zs = E1/I1Ω (If Constant)
Synchronous reactance per phase Xs = √ Zs2- Ra2 Ω
iv. Determination of % Regulation:
V = Rated voltage per phase, Volt.
I = Rated Current, Ampere.
Ф = Phase angle
V I Resistance Resistance
Sl.No
(Volts) (Ampere) RDC = V/I Ω RAC =1.5*RDC
LEAD FOR
E.M.F
LAG METHOD
LEAD FOR
M.M.F
LAG METHOD
i. Draw the OCC and SCC for suitable scales as shown in model graph no. (2)
ii. Mark the point F on the OCC corresponding to the rated voltage.
iii. Draw a perpendicular and let it cuts X-axis at point A.
iv. Mark the point G on SCC corresponding to the rated current, Isc, now, OA = Field
current required to produce rated voltage under open circuit condition and OC = Field
current required to produce full load current under short circuit condition.
At point A, take the vector at an angle = (90+Ф); Where Ф is the lagging power
factor angle and take AB = OC.
(with ‘O’ as center and radius equal to OB, an arc is drawn cutting X-axis at point
‘D’. projection of ‘D’ on OCC gives the no-load voltage Et )
E V
Therefore %R= V *100
At point A, take the vector at an angle = (90-Ф); Where Ф is the leading power
factor angle and take AB = OC.
Model Graphs
1. EMF Method
Graph No. 1
2. MMF Method
Vector Diagrams
I. EMF METHOD
Regulation Curve
CALCULATION:
Signature of Staff-incharge
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
AIM:
To operate two 1-Ф transformers in parallel and verify how a common load is
shared between them.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
5A,300V UPF 01
PROCEDURE:
1) PARELLEL OPERATION
TABULAR COLUMN:
1. PARELLEL OPERATION
I1 I2
Sl. W1 W2 W3 (Amps) (Amps) I3
No (Watt) (Watt) (Watt) (Amps)
Actual Theoretical Actual Theoretical
1. 2 KVA
2. 1 KVA
CALCULATION:
VSC WSC
Z01 = Ω= R01 = 2 Ω= X01= Z12 R12 Ω=
ISC ISC
VSC WSC
Z02 = Ω= R02 = 2
Ω= X02 = Z22 R 22 Ω=
ISC ISC
THEORETICAL CALCULATION:
I 3 Z 02 I 3 R 202 X 202
I1 = = Amps
2
Z 01 Z 02 2
R 01 R 02 X 01 X 02
I 3 Z 01 I 3 R 201 X 201
I2 = = Amps
2
Z 01 Z 02
R 01 R 02 2 X 01 X 02
Calculation………..
Signature of Staff-incharge
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Tabular Column
Apparatus Required
04 Tachometer - - 01
Procedure
a. Open Circuit Test
6. The rheostat R3 is brought to its initial position (cut-in) and TPST (S2) is closed.
7. By gradually cutting out the rheostat R3, reading of the ammeter (A2, 0-10/20A) is
adjusted to the rated current of the alternator and the corresponding field current
(A1) is noted down.
8. All the rheostats are brought back to their respective initial positions, TPST switch
(S2) and supply switch (S1) are opened.
V I Resistance Resistance
Sl.No
(Volts) (Ampere) RDC = V/I Ω RAC =1.5*RDC
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
I. EMF Method
i. Draw OCC and SCC for suitable scales as shown in model graph no (1).
ii. Mark a point A on the OCC corresponding to the rated voltage and draw a
Perpendicular so that it cuts SCC line at a point B and X-axis at point C.
iii. Corresponding to point A, E1 is the open circuit voltage per phase, and BC is the
Short circuit current.
Therefore Synchronous impedance per phase Zs = E1/I1Ω (If Constant)
Synchronous reactance per phase Xs = √ Zs2- Ra2 Ω
Model Graph:
Graph No. 1
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
Model Graph:
The maximum power occurs at δ = 90o. Beyond this point the machine falls out of step
and loses synchronism. The machine can be taken up to Pi max only by gradually
increasing the load. This is known as the steady state stability limit of the machine. The
is normally operated at δ much less than 90o.
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
Calculations
Ra = ________ Ohm
Zs = ________ Ohm
Xs = ________ Ohm
P = W1 + W2 Watts
E = V + j IZs
E = √ V2 + (IZS)2
Signature of Staff-incharge
15EEL37 : Electrical Machines Laboratory-I 2017-18
QUESTION BANK
1. Pre-determine the efficiency and regulation of the given single Phase transformer
at full load 0.8 p.f. lag and lead by conducting necessary tests.
5. Draw the %η VS load, curve of a given single phase transformer at 0.8 p.f lag by
conducting necessary tests on it.
6. Conduct load test on a given single Phase transformer and draw its %η VS load
curve.
7. Conduct load test on a given single phase transformer and determine its %η and
voltage regulation at 4 amps.
8. Pre determine the combined efficiency of two similar transformers at full load, by
conducting suitable experiment.
9. Conduct back to back test on a given two similar transformers, determine its %η
at ½ full load 0.8 p.f lag and 0.6 p.f lead of a individual transformer.
10. Conduct Sumpner’s test on a given two similar transformers, determine its
combined %η at ¾ full load 0.6 p.f lag and lead.
11. Determine load sharing of two dissimilar transformers connected in parallel, when
the load is 2KW.
13. Conduct an experiment on a single transformer to obtain the voltage zero and
double the voltage by making necessary connections.
14. Determine the main transformer primary current and teaser transformer primary
current when its secondary current is 4 Amp each by conducting necessary
experiment.
15. Determine the efficiency and regulation for three single phase transformers
connected in y-∆ at full load.
17. Conduct load test on a Scott connected transformer to obtain main transformer
primary current and teaser transformer Primary current when the load current on
main transformer is 3 Amps and the load current on teaser transformer is 4
Amps.
20. Conduct suitable experiment on a given three phase Alternator and determine its
regulation at full load ______ p.f by ZPF method.
21. By conducting suitable experiment, Pre determine the regulation of the given
three phase Alternator by EMF method at full load p.f ___________ (lag/lead)
22. By conducting suitable experiment, Pre determine the Regulation of the given
three phase Alternator by MMF method at full load p.f ___________ (lag/lead)
23. By conducting suitable experiments on the given three phase alternator to find its
Synchronous reactance.
24. By conducting suitable experiments on the given three phase alternator, find the
Potier reactance.
25. By conducting suitable experiment to Pre determine the regulation of the given
three phase Alternator by Potier Triangle method at full load p.f ____________
(lag/lead).
26. By conducting suitable experiment on the given salient pole alternator, pre-
determine the regulation at full load p.f _____________ (lag/lead).
27. Conduct a suitable experiment to measure the direct and quadrature axis
reactance and predetermination of regulation of salient pole synchronous
machines.
29. Conduct a suitable experiment to operate the given three Phase alternator on
Constant power and variable excitation.
30. Conduct a suitable experiment to operate the given three phase alternator on
Constant excitation and variable power.
31. Obtain the following performance characteristics of the given DC Shunt Generator
by conducting suitable experiment. Determine the induced emf at __________
load. (Graphically/ Analytically) a. Internal Characteristics
32. Obtain the following performance characteristics of the given DC Shunt Generator
by conducting suitable experiment. a. External Characteristics b. Internal
Characteristics and determine the induced emf at __________ load.
33. Conduct a suitable experiment to obtain the no load and load characteristics of
DC Shunt generator.
4. At full load, copper loss = 80 Watt and Iron loss =30 Watt. What will be the
values of copper loss and Iron loss at half load?
7. What information you will get by conducting O.C & S.C tests?
18. What are conditions to be satisfied for parallel operation of single phase
transformers?
25. How does Hysteresis loss and Eddy current loss take place in a magnetic
material?
28. What is the effect of current and voltage in Star – Delta Connection?
32. How many transformers are used in Scott connection? Name them.
35. Write down the equation for frequency of emf induced in an Alternator.
37. Which type of Synchronous generators are used in Hydro-electric plants and
why?
38. What are the advantages of salient pole type construction used for
Synchronous machines?
40. What are the causes of changes in voltage in Alternators when loaded?
References
Appendix
2 Connected wires
8 Earth Ground
9 Chassis ground
10 SPST Relay
11 SPDT Relay
12 Digital Grounding
13 Resistor
14 Potentiometer
15 Variable Resistor
16 Polarized Capacitor
17 Inductor
18 Iron-core Inductor
19 Variable Inductor
20 DC Voltage Source
21 Current Source
22 AC Current Source
23 Generator
24 Battery Cell
25 Battery
28 Voltmeter
29 Ammeter
30 Ohm meter
31 Wattmeter
32 Lamp/Light/Bulb
33 Motor
34 Transformer
35
Fuse
36 Electrical Bell
37 Buzzer
38 Bus
39 Loudspeaker
40 Microphone
41 Arial Antenna
42 Circuit Breaker
43 Contacts Closed – NC
44 Contacts Open - NO
45 AC Generator
46 DC Generator
48 Current Transformer
49 Loud Speaker
50 Heater
51 DPST
52 DPDT
54 Thermistor
57 DC Motor
58 AC Motor
59 Galvanometer
60 VAR Meter
61 Power-Factor Meter
62 Isolation Transformer
64 Auto Transformer
68 Junction Box
70 Lightning Arrestor
71 Lighting Rod
72 Choke
73 One-way switch
74 Two-way switch
75 Intermediate switch
76 Spot light
77 Distribution Board
78 Fan
79 Joint Box
84 Connector
86 Photo Cell
88 General caution
89 Poisonous sign
93 Biohazard sign
94 Warning sign
99 First Aid