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1.

The Principle of step up and step down transformer


Transformers are devices that change (transform) the voltage of power supplied to meet the
individuals needs of power consumers. It uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to
change the voltage (alternating difference) from one value to another whether smaller or
greater.
A transformer is made of a soft iron coil with two other coils wound around it, but not
connected with one another. The iron coils can either be arranged on top of another or be
wound on separate limps of the iron core.
The coil to which the alternating voltage is supplied is known as primary winding or primary coil
while. The alternating current in the primary winding produces a changing magnetic field
around it whenever an alternating potential is supplied. An alternating current is in turn
produced by the changing field in the secondary coil and the amount of current produced
depends on the number of windings in the secondary coil.
There are two types of transformers, namely: Step down and Step up transformers. Generally,
the difference between them is the amount of voltage produced, depending on the number of
secondary coils.

Step-Down Transformer

There are two types of transformers, namely: Step down and Step up transformers. Generally,
the difference between them is the amount of voltage produced, depending on the number of
secondary coils.
In a step-down transformer is one who secondary windings are fewer than the primary
windings. In other words, the transformer’s secondary voltage is less than the primary voltage.
So, the transformer is designed to convert high-voltage, low-current power into a low-voltage,
high current power and it is mainly used in domestic consumption.
A common case of step-down application is in the case of door bells. Normally, door bells use
16 volts, but most household power circuits carry 110-120 volts. Therefore, the doorbell’s step-
down transformer receives the 110 volts and reduces it to lower voltage before supplying it to
the doorbell.
Step-down transformers are mostly used to convert the 220 volts electricity to the 110 volts
required in most domestic equipment.
Step-Up Transformers

A step-up transformer is the direct opposite of a step-down transformer. There are many turns
on the secondary winding than in the primary winding in the step-up transformers. Thus, the
voltage supplied in the secondary transformer is greater than the one supplied across the
primary winding. Because of the principle of conservation of energy, the transformer converts
low voltage, high-current to high voltage-low current. In other words, the voltage has been
stepped up.
You can find step-up transformers located near power plants that are designed to operate
megawatts of power. Apart from the power plants, step-up transformers can also be used for
local and smaller applications such as x-ray machine which requires about 50,000 volts to
work. Even a micro-wave oven requires a small step-up transformer to operate.

2. The principle in installation of lightning arrester.


Lightning Arrester is a Device Used on Power Systems above 1000V to Protect other
Equipment from Lightning and Switching Surges
How do Lightning Arresters Protect Power Systems?
What exactly does a lightning arrester do?

 It Does Not Absorb the Lightning


 It Does Not Stop the Lightning
 It Does Divert the Lightning to Ground
 It Does Clamp (limit) the Voltage produced by the Lightning
 It Only protects equipment electrically in parallel with it.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
1338 ARLEGUI ST., QUIAPO MANILA

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

BUILDING DESIGN 2
RESEARCH NO. 6

SUBMITTED BY:
MABITASAN, LUISA JEAN A.
CS# 19

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. BENEDICTO BEGUERAS
INSTRUCTOR

DATE SUBMITTED:
JANUARY 25, 2017

WEDNESDAY (12:30-4:30)

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