Anda di halaman 1dari 74

EYEWITNESS BOOKS

Eyewitness
FLIGHT
%RG\EDJIRU
KDQJJOLGLQJ

*DVEDOORRQ
VWDWRVFRSHDVFHQW
DQGGHVFHQWPHWHUF

7ULNHIURP6RODU
:LQJV3HJDVXV
PLFUROLJKW

,QWHJUDOH
DUPRUSODWHG
SURSHOOHUF

:RUOG:DU,SLORWpVKHOPHW

%ULVWRO)LJKWHU
6SULQJSUHVVXUH
DLUVSHHGLQGLFDWRU

Eyewitness
F

FLIGHT :ULWWHQE\
$1'5(:1$+80

6FKOHLFKHU.
VLQJOHVHDWJOLGHU

%ODFNER[
IOLJKWGDWDUHFRUGHU

(OOLRWWSRFNHW
DOWLPHWHUF

$Q]DQL
IDQHQJLQH

+DZNHU+DUW
SUHVVHGVWHHO
ODQGLQJZKHHO

'.3XEOLVKLQJ
)URQWIDQIURP
5ROOV5R\FH7D\
WXUERIDQHQJLQH

LONDON, NEW YORK,


MELBOURNE, MUNICH,
AND DELHI

3URMHFWHGLWRU-RKQ)DUQGRQ
$UWHGLWRU0DUN5LFKDUGV
0DQDJLQJHGLWRU6RSKLH0LWFKHOO
6HQLRUDUWHGLWRU-XOLD+DUULV
(GLWRULDOGLUHFWRU6XH8QVWHDG
8QGHUFDUULDJH
IURP $UWGLUHFWRU$QQH0DULH%XODW
'HSHUGXVVLQ 6SHFLDOSKRWRJUDSK\'DYH.LQJ 3DUDJRQ
3HWHU&KDGZLFNDQG0LNH'XQQLQJ H[SHULPHQWDO
SURSHOOHUEODGH
7ȩȪȴ(ȥȪȵȪȰȯ
(GLWRUV6XH1LFKROVRQ6WHYH6HWIRUG-HVVDP\:RRG
$UWHGLWRUV$QGUHZ1DVK3HWHU5DGFOLIIH
0DQDJLQJHGLWRUV-XOLH)HUULV-DQH<RUNH
0DQDJLQJDUWHGLWRUV2ZHQ3H\WRQ-RQHV-DQH7KRPDV
&DWHJRU\SXEOLVKHU/LQGD0DUWLQ
$UWGLUHFWRU6LPRQ:HEE
$VVRFLDWHSXEOLVKHU$QGUHZ0DF,QW\UH
3URGXFWLRQHGLWRUV-HQQ\-DFRE\$QG\+LOOLDUG
3LFWXUHUHVHDUFKHUV&DURO\Q&OHUNLQ
0DFKPHWHUF +DUULHW0LOOV6X]DQQH:LOOLDPV
'73GHVLJQHU6LX<LQ+R
-DFNHWHGLWRUV0DWLOGD*ROORQ$GDP3RZOH\
86HGLWRU0DUJDUHW3DUULVK

7KLV(\HZLWQHVV‹*XLGHKDVEHHQFRQFHLYHGE\
'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\/LPLWHGDQG(GLWLRQV*DOOLPDUG
&RFNSLW
)LUVWSXEOLVKHGLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVLQ IURP
7KLVUHYLVHGHGLWLRQSXEOLVKHGLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVLQ 'HSHUGXVVLQ
E\'.3XEOLVKLQJ
+XGVRQ6WUHHW1HZ<RUN1HZ<RUN

&RS\ULJKW†
'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\/LPLWHG

u
$OOULJKWVUHVHUYHGXQGHU,QWHUQDWLRQDODQG3DQ$PHULFDQ
&RS\ULJKW&RQYHQWLRQV1RSDUWRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQ
PD\EHUHSURGXFHGVWRUHGLQDUHWULHYDOV\VWHP
RUWUDQVPLWWHGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQVHOHFWURQLF
PHFKDQLFDOSKRWRFRS\LQJUHFRUGLQJRURWKHUZLVH
ZLWKRXWWKHSULRUZULWWHQSHUPLVVLRQ
RIWKHFRS\ULJKWRZQHU3XEOLVKHGLQ
*UHDW%ULWDLQE\'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\/LPLWHG
(QJLQH
SDUWVIURP $FDWDORJUHFRUGIRUWKLVERRNLV
+HQVRQDQG DYDLODEOHIURPWKH/LEUDU\RI&RQJUHVV
6WULQJIHOORZpV
,6%1 +DUGFRYHU 
$HULDO6WHDP
,6%1 /LEUDU\%LQGLQJ
&DUULDJH
RI &RORUUHSURGXFWLRQE\&RORXUVFDQ6LQJDSRUH0'38.
3ULQWHGDQGERXQGE\7RSSDQ3ULQWLQJ&R
6KHQ]KHQ /WG&KLQD

'LVFRYHUPRUHDW
Contents :RUOG:DU,
JRJJOHV


)O\LQJOLNHDELUG
 
/LJKWHUWKDQDLU ,QWKHFRFNSLW
 
*OLGLQJDORIW 2QWKHIOLJKWGHFN
 
3RZHUHGIOLJKW )O\LQJLQVWUXPHQWV
 
7KHILUVWDLUSODQHV 5RWDWLQJZLQJV
 
7KRVHPDJQLILFHQWPHQ +HOLFRSWHU
 
'RXEOHZLQJV +RWDLUEDOORRQ
 
7KHHYROYLQJSODQH $LUVKLS
 
/LJKWDLUFUDIW $PRGHUQJOLGHU
 
$HURHQJLQHV .LWHVIRUSHRSOH
 
7KHSURSHOOHU 3RUWDEOHSODQHV
 
)O\LQJWKHZRUOG 'LG\RXNQRZ"
 
-HWOLQHU :KRpVZKR"
 
-HWSURSXOVLRQ )LQGRXWPRUH
 
/DQGLQJJHDU *ORVVDU\
 
&RQWUROOLQJWKHSODQH ,QGH[
Flying like a bird
6 ȪȯȤȦȵȩȦȥȢȺȴȰȧWKHP\WKLFDOELUGPDQ'DHGDOXVLQ
DQFLHQW*UHHFHSHRSOHKDYHORQJHGWRWDNHWRWKHDLU )/<,1*'8&.6
6RPHEHOLHYHGWKDWLIWKH\FRXOGPLPLFWKHELUGVDQGWKHLU ,QD)UHQFKORFNVPLWKQDPHG
%HVQLHUWULHGWRIO\ZLWKZLQJVWKDW
IODSSLQJZLQJVWKH\WRRZRXOGEHDEOHWRIO\)URPWKH ZRUNHGOLNHWKHZHEEHGIHHWRIDGXFN
,VODPLFLQYHQWRU$EEDV,EQ)LUQDVLQDERXWżžDQG +HZDVOXFN\WRODQGDOLYH

WKURXJKRXWWKH0LGGOH$JHVPDQ\DUHFNOHVVH[SHULPHQWHU
VWUDSSHGRQZLQJVDQGOXQJHGLQWRWKHDLUIURPWRZHUVDQGFOLIIWRSVuRQO\
WRSOXPPHWWRWKHJURXQGRIWHQIDWDOO\7KHQLQWKHWKFHQWXU\WKH
EULOOLDQW,WDOLDQDUWLVWDQGWKLQNHU/HRQDUGRGD9LQFLDSSOLHGKLVPLQG
WRXQORFNLQJWKHVHFUHWVRIIOLJKW/HRQDUGRWRREHOLHYHGWKDWSHRSOH
FRXOGOHDUQIURPWKHELUGVKRZWRIO\EXWKHUHDOL]HGWKDWKXPDQ
DUPVDUHWRRZHDNWRIODSZLQJVIRUORQJ6RKHVNHWFKHGGHVLJQVIRU
IODSSLQJZLQJPDFKLQHVFDOOHGRUQLWKRSWHUV&HQWXULHVODWHUWKHVH
VNHWFKHVZHUHGLVFRYHUHGLQKLVQRWHERRNV$VIDUDVZHNQRZ
/HRQDUGRQHYHUWULHGWREXLOGKLVPDFKLQHVDQGVDGO\WKH\ZRXOG
QHYHUKDYHIORZQuLPLWDWLQJELUGIOLJKWLVIDUPRUHFRPSOLFDWHG
WKDQHYHQ/HRQDUGRXQGHUVWRRG1HYHUWKHOHVVKLVLGHDVPD\
VKRZRQHRIWKHHDUOLHVWVFLHQWLILFDWWHPSWV
WRLQYHQWDIO\LQJPDFKLQH
7+(),567
)/<,1*
$&&,'(17"
,QDQFLHQW
*UHHNOHJHQG
'DHGDOXVZDVWKH
FUDIWVPDQZKREXLOW
WKHIDEXORXVODE\ULQWKIRU.LQJ
0LQRVRI&UHWH2QFHLWZDVEXLOW
WKHNLQJWKUHZ'DHGDOXVLQWRSULVRQ
WRVWRSKLPIURPUHYHDOLQJLWVVHFUHW
'DHGDOXVHVFDSHGZLWKKLVVRQ
,FDUXVE\VRDULQJLQWRWKHDLURQ
ZD[DQGIHDWKHUZLQJVKHKDG
PDGH,QKLVH[FLWHPHQW,FDUXVIOHZVRKLJKWKDW
WKH6XQPHOWHGWKHZD[DQGKHSOXQJHGLQWRWKHVHD

,17+(,0$*(2)$%,5'OHIW
6NHWFKHVIURP /HRQDUGRpVQRWHERRNVVKRZKRZFORVHO\KHVWXGLHGELUGVWR
/HRQDUGRpVQRWHERRNV VROYHWKHULGGOHRIIOLJKWuDQGKRZLQJHQLRXVKHZDVDWGHYLVLQJ
PHFKDQLVPVWRIODSWKHZLQJVRIKLVPDFKLQHVOLNHDELUGpV
+HWKRXJKWELUGVXVHGWKHLUZLQJWLSVWRqVTXHH]HrWKHDLUDQG
SURSHOWKHPDORQJ/HRQDUGRGLGQRWIXOO\XQGHUVWDQGKRZELUG
+2:$%,5')/,(6EHORZ ZLQJVUHDOO\ZRUNuLQGHHGZHDUHVWLOOILQGLQJRXWWRGD\,WVHHPV
0RVWZRXOGEHDYLDWRUVuLQFOXGLQJ/HRQDUGRuDVVXPHG WKRXJKWKDWKXPDQVZLOOSUREDEO\QHYHUIO\XQGHUWKHLU
WKDWELUGVSURSHOWKHPVHOYHVWKURXJKWKHDLUE\IODSSLQJ RZQVWUHQJWKE\IODSSLQJ
WKHLUZLQJVGRZQDQGEDFNZDUGOLNHURZLQJDERDW
,QIDFWELUGIOLJKWLVPXFKPRUHFRPSOLFDWHG


3XOOH\VWRPXOWLSO\WKH
IOLHUpVPXVFOHSRZHU

3HGDOSLYRWV

+DQGWXUQHG
ZLQGHUIRUWKH
ZHDNXSVWURNH 6XEVLGLDU\
RIWKHZLQJV ZLQJKLQJHV

/HDWKHU
KDUQHVV
6LGHYLHZ
722+($9<72)/<
/HRQDUGRpVFKDQFHVRI
VXFFHVVZRXOGKDYHEHHQKLQGHUHGE\WKHPDWHULDOVDYDLODEOHWRKLP
DWWKHWLPH7KLVPRGHUQUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIKLVPDFKLQHLVPDGHIURP 3HGDOVSXVKHGE\WKH
OXPEHUOHDWKHUURSHDQGLURQDQGZHLJKVDOPRVWOE NJ %\ OHJVIRUWKHSRZHUIXO
FRQWUDVWWKH*RVVDPHU$OEDWURVVuDSHGDOSRZHUHGSODQHWKDWIOHZ GRZQVWURNHRIWKHZLQJV
DFURVVWKH(QJOLVK&KDQQHOLQuZHLJKHGEDUHO\OE NJ 
HYHQWKRXJKLWVZLQJVZHUHDOPRVWIW P ORQJ
:LQJWHQVLRQHUV
5RSHVWRKDXO UXQQLQJRQSXOOH\V 5RSHODVKLQJ
WKHZLQJVXS )ODSSLQJ
DQGGRZQ ZLQJVSLQHV
0DLQKLQJHV

1HWWLQJVXSSRUW
IRUFRYHULQJRI
ELUGIHDWKHUV

:LQJVSLQH :RRGHQ
JXLGHV ZLQJIUDPH

67,//)/$33,1*
7KHLGHDRIIO\LQJOLNHWKHELUGV
)URQWYLHZRI WRRNDORQJWLPHWRIDOORXWRIIDYRU7KLV
PRGHUQFRQVWUXFWLRQRI XQOLNHO\ORRNLQJPDFKLQHZDVEXLOWLQ
/HRQDUGRpVRUQLWKRSWHU )UDQFHE\+%3DVVDWLQ$VODWHDV
WKH5XVVLDQDUWLVWDQGYLVLRQDU\
9ODGLPLU7DWOLQGHVLJQHGDELUGOLNH
IODSSLQJJOLGHUZKLFKKHGHVFULEHG
DVqDQHYHU\GD\REMHFWIRU
WKH6RYLHWPDVVHVr


+RRSRUORDGULQJ

Lighter than air VXVSHQGHGIURPD


QHWORRSHGRYHU
WKHJDVHQYHORSH

,ȯȵȩȦȦȯȥLWZDVQRWZLQJVWKDWFDUULHGSHRSOHDORIWIRU
WKHILUVWWLPH6FLHQWLVWVIRXQGWKDWK\GURJHQJDVQHZO\
GLVFRYHUHGLQWKHWKFHQWXU\ZDVOLJKWHUWKDQDLUDQG
WKDWK\GURJHQILOOHGVRDSEXEEOHVIORDWHGIUHHO\7KLV
VXJJHVWHGWKDWDSDVVHQJHUFDUU\LQJK\GURJHQEDOORRQ
PLJKWIORDWLQDLUOLNHDVKLSRQZDWHU+RZHYHULQ
WKH0RQWJROILHUEURWKHUVWZR)UHQFKSDSHUPDNHUV
PDGHDKXJHSDSHUEDOORRQDQGILOOHGLWZLWKKRWDLU
7+(),567)/,*+7
2Q1RYHPEHU
ZKLFKLVOLJKWHUWKDQFROGDLU,QIURQWRIDVWRQLVKHG
-HDQ)UDQÄRLV3LO¿WUHGH 3DULVLDQVLWURVHPDMHVWLFDOO\LQWRWKHVN\FDUU\LQJ
5R]LHUDQGWKH0DUTXLV
Gp$UODQGHVEHFDPHWKH WZRPHQ7HQGD\VODWHUDVHFRQGKLVWRULFIOLJKWZDV 6KRUWURSHV
VXVSHQGLQJ
ZRUOGpVILUVWDHURQDXWV PDGHRYHU3DULVWKLVWLPHE\-DFTXHV&KDUOHVDQG WKHEDVNHW
ZKHQWKH0RQWJROILHU
EURWKHUVpPDJQLILFHQW 1LFRODV/RXLV5REHUW7KHLUUXEEHUL]HGVLONEDOORRQ IURPWKH
ORDGULQJ
EOXHDQGJROGEDOORRQ
FDUULHGWKHPLQWRWKH
FRQWDLQHGK\GURJHQZKLFKZDVWRSURYHPXFKPRUH
DLUDERYH3DULV SUDFWLFDOWKDQKRWDLU %$//2210$1,$
3DULVLDQVRFLHW\
)$17$67,&
ZHQWqEDOORRQPDGr
2YHUSHRSOH 6WURQJUDLOWR
DQGVQDSSHGXS
ZLWQHVVHG&KDUOHVDQG FDUU\EDJVRI
PHPHQWRHVRIWKH
5REHUWpVKLVWRULFIOLJKW VDQGEDOODVW
QHZZRQGHURI
FRPPHPRUDWHG ZKLFKZHUH
WKHDJHVXFKDVWKLV
RQWKLVIDQ MHWWLVRQHGWR
PDJLFODQWHUQVOLGH
3XOOLQJWKHLQQHU UHGXFHZHLJKW
SRUWLRQJDYHWKH DQGPDLQWDLQ
LOOXVLRQWKDW KHLJKW
WKHEDOORRQ
ZDVULVLQJ

62&,$/&/,0%,1*
,QWKHODWHWKFHQWXU\
EDOORRQLQJEHFDPHDIDVKLRQDEOH
VRFLHW\VSRUWDQGZHOOWRGR
JHQWOHPHQZRXOGFRPSHWHIRU
GLVWDQFHDQGKHLJKWUHFRUGV

62)7/$1',1*
(DUO\EDOORRQVRIWHQKLWWKH
JURXQGZLWKDVLFNHQLQJWKXG
6RPHFDUULHGZLFNHUFXVKLRQV
VWUDSSHGEHORZWKHEDOORRQ
EDVNHWWRVRIWHQWKHEORZ
*$6%$//221
*DVEDOORRQLQJZDVSRSXODUWKURXJKRXW
WKHWKFHQWXU\EHFDXVHIOLJKWVFRXOG
ODVWIRUKRXUVuXQOLNHKRWDLUIOLJKWV
ZKLFKZHUHRYHUDVVRRQDVWKHDLU
FRROHG*DVEDOORRQLVWVKDGWZR
FRQWUROOLQHVuRQHWROHWRXWJDV
WKURXJKDYDOYHDWWKHWRSRI
WKHEDOORRQIRUGHVFHQGLQJ
DQGDQRWKHUWRRSHQWKH
qULSSLQJVHDPrWRGHIODWH
WKHEDOORRQRQFHVDIHO\
EDFNRQWKHJURXQG


Airships ',5,*,%/(0,/(6721(
,Q2FWREHUWKH
)UHQFKEXLOW&OÆPHQW
7KHSUREOHPZLWKEDOORRQVZDVWKDWWKH\ %D\DUG,,EHFDPHWKH
VLPSO\IORDWHGZKHUHWKHZLQGWRRNWKHP ILUVWGLULJLEOHWRFURVV
,Q+HQUL*LIIDUGPDGHDFLJDUVKDSHG WKH(QJOLVK&KDQQHO
EDOORRQDQGSRZHUHGLWZLWKDVWHDPHQJLQH
WRPDNHLWGLULJLEOHRUVWHHUDEOH/DWHUZLWK =(33(/,1EHORZ
JDVHQJLQHVDQGULJLGIUDPHGHQYHORSHV 7KH*HUPDQ=HSSHOLQ
FRPSDQ\OHGWKHZRUOG
VXFKqDLUVKLSVrZHUHWKHILUVWODUJHDLUFUDIW LQDLUVKLSEXLOGLQJ7KH
%\WKHVYDVWDLUVKLSVZHUHFDUU\LQJ :RUOG:DU,=HSSHOLQV
SHRSOHDFURVVWKH$WODQWLFLQRFHDQOLQHU UHDFKHGIHHW
VW\OH%XWDVHULHVRIGLVDVWHUVFDXVHG PHWHUV LQOHQJWK
DQGZHUHDERXWWKUHH
E\WKHIODPPDEOHK\GURJHQJDV WLPHVORQJHUWKDQ
VSHOOHGWKHHQGIRUDLUVKLSV PRGHUQMXPERMHWV

5,',1*+,*+
%DOORRQUDFHV
ZHUHLPPHQVHO\
SRSXODULQWKH :RUOG:DU,
ODWHV3URIHVVLRQDO =HSSHOLQDQG
DHURQDXWVZRXOGRIWHQ DPRGHUQMXPER
ULGHWKHORDGULQJWRPDNH 3RFNHWEDURPHWHU MHWVKRZQWRVFDOH
PRUHURRPLQWKHEDVNHW F
IRUMR\ULGLQJFOLHQWV 83$1''2:1OHIW
,QRUGHUWRNHHSWKHEDOORRQDWDVWHDG\DOWLWXGHVDQG
EDOODVWKDGWREHMHWWLVRQHGWRPDNHXSIRUWKHJUDGXDO
VHHSLQJRIJDVIURPWKHHQYHORSH%XWWKHEDODQFHZDV
GHOLFDWH7KURZLQJRXWWRRPXFKEDOODVWPDGHWKH
EDOORRQFOLPEIRUFLQJWKH
DHURQDXWWROHWRXWPRUHJDVu
QRWRQO\WREULQJWKHEDOORRQ
EDFNGRZQEXWDOVREHFDXVHWKH
JDVH[SDQGVDWKLJKHUDOWLWXGH
DQGKDVWREHYHQWHG&RQVWDQW
YHQWLQJRIJDVDQGMHWWLVRQLQJRI
EDOODVWFXWIOLJKWVVKRUWVRHDUO\
EDOORRQLVWVFDUULHGVHQVLWLYH
EDURPHWULF SUHVVXUHFRQWUROOHG 
GHYLFHVFDOOHGVWDWRVFRSHVWRWHOO
WKHPZKHWKHUWKHLUEDOORRQV
6WDWRVFRSH ZHUHULVLQJRUIDOOLQJ
F

6WDWRVFRSHF

$QFKRUWRWHWKHU
WKHEDOORRQ
GXULQJLQIODWLRQ

0$.,1**$6
7KHK\GURJHQJDVWRILOOEDOORRQVZDV
PDGHE\GULSSLQJVXOIXULFDFLGRQLURQ
WXUQLQJVLQFRQWUDSWLRQVOLNHWKLV
*$6'(7(&725
+\GURJHQLVVRIODPPDEOH
%DVNHWPDGHRIZLFNHU WKDWLWZDVYLWDOWRNQRZLI
IRUOLJKWQHVVDQG WKHUHZHUHDQ\OHDNV7KLV
UHVLVWHQFHWR PHWHUGHWHFWHGLWVSUHVHQFH
ODQGLQJVKRFNV


7DLOSODQH

Gliding aloft
)ȰȳȢȸȩȪȭȦLW
VHHPHGWKDWWKHIXWXUH
RIIOLJKWOD\ZLWKEDOORRQV
DQGOLJKWHUWKDQDLUFUDIW
%XWWKH%ULWLVKHQJLQHHU
*HRUJH&D\OH\DWOHDVWWKRXJKW
RWKHUZLVH+HZDVFRQYLQFHGWKDW
ZLQJVWRRZRXOGRQHGD\FDUU\
SHRSOHLQWRWKHDLUGUDZLQJKLV
7+(2/'(67$,5&5$)7"
LQVSLUDWLRQIURPDIDPLOLDUSOD\WKLQJ .LWHVZHUHSUREDEO\IORZQLQ
WKHNLWH,QJHQLRXVH[SHULPHQWVZLWKNLWHV &KLQDPRUHWKDQ\HDUV
DJRDQGDUULYHGLQ(XURSHIURP
WDXJKW&D\OH\VRPXFKDERXWKRZZLQJVDUH WKHUHLQWKHWKFHQWXU\
OLIWHGRQWKHDLUWKDWKHZDVDEOHWREXLOGD
SHUVRQVL]HYHUVLRQuWKHZRUOGpVILUVWUHDOJOLGHU +$1*,1*,17+($,5
6RRQRWKHUZRXOGEHDYLDWRUVZHUHWU\LQJWKHLUOXFN 3KRWRJUDSKVRI/LOLHQWKDOJOLGLQJZHUHSXEOLVKHGDURXQG
ZLWKJOLGHUV,WZDVDOOUDWKHUKLWDQGPLVVWKRXJK WKHZRUOGLQVSLULQJPDQ\LPLWDWRUV+LVDSSURDFKWR
IO\LQJZDVYHU\VFLHQWLILFuKHVWXGLHGHDFKSUREOHPZLWK
IRUQRRQHKDGDQ\UHDOLGHDKRZWRFRQWUROWKHLUFUDIW DQDQDO\WLFDOH\HDQGWHVWHGHDFKVROXWLRQFULWLFDOO\
$YLDWRUVVKRXOGOHDUQWRJOLGHKHLQVLVWHGDQG
LQWKHDLU7KHQLQWKHVDEUDYH\RXQJ*HUPDQ JHWqRQLQWLPDWHWHUPVZLWKWKHDLUrEHIRUH
QDPHG2WWR/LOLHQWKDOEXLOWDVHULHVRIVPDOOIUDJLOH WDNLQJWKHULVN\VWHSRIDGGLQJDPRWRUu
DGYLFHWKDWZDVFUXFLDOWRWKH
JOLGHUVuDELWOLNHPRGHUQKDQJJOLGHUVuDQG VXFFHVVRIWKH:ULJKW
VXFFHHGHGLQPDNLQJUHJXODUFRQWUROOHGIOLJKWV EURWKHUV S 
LQWKHP+LVH[DPSOHSURYHGFUXFLDODQGKHKDV
ULJKWO\EHHQFDOOHGWKHqZRUOGpVILUVWWUXHDYLDWRUr
*/,',1*3,21((5
7KHLQYHQWLRQRIWKH
DLUSODQHRZHVDJUHDWGHDOWR
WKHSLRQHHULQJZRUNRIWKH
(QJOLVKEDURQHW*HRUJH&D\OH\
t ,WZDV&D\OH\ZKR
ILUVWILJXUHGRXWKRZDZLQJ
ZRUNVDQGDOOPRGHUQDLUFUDIW
DUHEDVHGRQWKHNLWHOLNHPRGHO
JOLGHUKHEXLOWLQZLWKLWV
XSDQJOHGIURQWZLQJDQG
VWDELOL]LQJWDLO,QDWWKH
DJHRIKHEXLOWDIXOOVL]H
JOLGHUWKDWLVVDLGWRKDYH
FDUULHGKLVWHUULILHGFRDFKPDQ
*HRUJH&D\OH\ RQDIOLJKWDFURVVDVPDOOYDOOH\

3/$1(,'($6EHORZ
*HRUJH&D\OH\ DERYH KDGLGHDVIRUPDQ\
GLIIHUHQWIO\LQJPDFKLQHVLQFOXGLQJDQ
DLUVKLSDQGWKLVSHUVRQFDUU\LQJJOLGHU
ZKLFKKHFDOOHGDqJRYHUQDEOHSDUDFKXWHr

:LQJFRYHURI
XQYDUQLVKHG
FRWWRQ

5HSOLFDRI/LOLHQWKDOpV
1RKDQJJOLGHURI


$ZLQJLQIOLJKW :LQJPRYLQJ +2:$:,1*:25.6
/LIW :LQJVDUHOLIWHGE\WKHDLUIORZLQJDERYHDQGEHQHDWKDVWKH\FXW
OHIWWRULJKW
$LUWUDYHOVIDUWKHU WKURXJKWKHDLU$LUSXVKHGRYHUWKHWRSVSHHGVXSDQGLVVWUHWFKHG
DQGIDVWHURYHU RXWVRWKDWWKHSUHVVXUHKHUHGURSV%XWDLUIORZLQJEHQHDWK
WRSRIZLQJ VORZVGRZQDQGWKHSUHVVXUHULVHV6RLQHIIHFWWKHZLQJLVVXFNHG
IURPDERYHDQGSXVKHGIURPEHORZ(YHQDIODWERDUGFDQJLYH
VRPHOLIWEXWSLRQHHUVOLNH/LOLHQWKDOGLVFRYHUHGWKDWDFDPEHUHG
RUFXUYHGVXUIDFHLVEHVW7RGD\ZLQJVDUHWKLFNHUDQGIDUPRUH
HIIHFWLYHWKDQWKRVHXVHGE\WKHSLRQHHUV5HVHDUFKZLWK
FRPSXWHUVDQGZLQGWXQQHOVHQVXUHVWKDWWKH\DUHWKH
ULJKWVKDSHIRUHDFKW\SHRIDLUFUDIW
$LUIORZ EOXHDUURZV 75$*,&$&&,'(17
6DGO\/LOLHQWKDOZDV
NLOOHGLQZKLOH
:RRGHQVSDUVWR IO\LQJRQHRIKLVJOLGHUV
NHHSZLQJVKDSH 7KHDFFLGHQWRFFXUUHG
QRWLQWRZQDV
VXJJHVWHGE\WKLV
HQJUDYLQJEXWLQ
RSHQFRXQWU\QHDU
%HUOLQZKHQDJXVW
RIZLQGWKUHZWKH
JOLGHURXWRIFRQWURO

%5$&('3$,5
7KH:ULJKW
EURWKHUVDGRSWHGWKHVDPH
EUDFHGFRQVWUXFWLRQDVWKLV
ELSODQH WZRZLQJHU EXLOW
E\)UHQFK$PHULFDQ
2FWDYH&KDQXWHLQ
WKHPLGV

:LOORZKRRSWRDFW
DVVKRFNDEVRUEHU

/LOLHQWKDO
VXSSRUWHGKLPVHOI
RQKLVIRUHDUPV
DQGFRQWUROOHGWKH
JOLGHUE\VZLQJLQJ
KLVOHJVWRVKLIWLWV
FHQWHURIJUDYLW\

%(//p6.,7(
0DQ\SLRQHHUVEHOLHYHG
WKDWKXJHSHRSOHFDUU\LQJ
NLWHVKDGDIXWXUH7KLVRQH
:LOORZ ZDVGHVLJQHGE\WKHWHOHSKRQH
ULEV SLRQHHU$OH[DQGHU*UDKDP%HOO


Powered flight
:ȪȵȩȢȨȭȪȥȦȳLWZDVDWODVWSRVVLEOHWRIO\RQZLQJVuEXWQRWIRUORQJ7RIO\
DQ\UHDOGLVWDQFHDQHQJLQHZDVQHHGHG%\DVHDUO\DVWZR(QJOLVKPHQ
:LOOLDP+HQVRQDQG-RKQ6WULQJIHOORZKDGEXLOWDZRUNLQJPRGHORIDSODQH
SRZHUHGE\DVSHFLDOO\PDGHOLJKWZHLJKWVWHDPHQJLQHuWKHRQO\HQJLQHWKHQ
DYDLODEOH1RRQHNQRZVZKHWKHUWKHLUPRGHOHYHUUHDOO\JRWRIIWKH
JURXQGEXWLWVKRZHGWKDWWKHLGHDRIDSRZHUHGIO\LQJ
($*/(32:(5 PDFKLQHZDVQRORQJHUMXVWDGUHDP2YHUWKHQH[W
3HRSOHKDGORQJNQRZQ
WKDWDOLWWOHPRUHWKDQ \HDUVPDQ\LPDJLQDWLYHHQJLQHHUVWULHGWR
KXPDQSRZHUZDV
QHHGHGWRIO\f
JHWVWHDPSRZHUHGIO\LQJPDFKLQHV
DLUERUQHERWKPRGHOVDQGIXOOVL]H
DLUSODQHV%XWVWHDPHQJLQHVSURYHGHLWKHU
WRRZHDNRUWRRKHDY\DQGLWQHHGHG
WKHLQYHQWLRQRIFRPSDFW
SRZHUIXOJDVROLQHHQJLQHV
q$OOPRYLQJWDLOSODQHr
IRUSRZHUHGIOLJKW RUHOHYDWRU
WREHFRPHDUHDO
SRVVLELOLW\

6LONFRYHUHGZLQJVZLWK
IW P VSDQ

%RLOHU
:LQJEUDFH

5XGGHU

(QJLQH
SXOOH\

&RQQHFWLQJ
URG

6WHDP
WXEH

67($032:(5
+HQVRQDQG6WULQJIHOORZEXLOWDVSHFLDO
OLJKWZHLJKWVWHDPHQJLQHIRUWKHLUPRGHOZLWK
DERLOHUQRORQJHUWKDQLQ FP +HDWIRU
WKHHQJLQHFDPHIURPDQDSKWKDRUVSLULWEXUQHU &\OLQGHU
DQGVWHDPZDVUDLVHGLQWKHURZRIFRQLFDO DQGSLVWRQ
WXEHV ,QWKHIXOOVL]HYHUVLRQWKHERLOHUZRXOG ',',7)/<"
KDYHKDGRIWKHVHWXEHVEXWWKHHQJLQHZDV 6WULQJIHOORZEXLOWDQRWKHUPRGHOLQ7RODXQFKLW
QHYHUEXLOW 6WHDPIURPWKHERLOHUGURYHWKH KHUDQLWGRZQDVORSLQJZLUHIRUIW P DQGWKHQ
SLVWRQXSDQGGRZQWXUQLQJWKHZRRGHQ UHOHDVHGLWZLWKWKHHQJLQHUXQQLQJ6RPHDFFRXQWVVD\
SXOOH\ZKHHO7KLVLQWXUQVSXQWKHWZR WKHPRGHOVKRZHGWUXHSRZHUHGIOLJKWE\FOLPELQJD
SURSHOOHUVYLDDFRUGGULYHEHOW OLWWOHEHIRUHLWKLWDZDOO


$/026783
$6+257+23
7DQGHPZLQJV
/DWHLQWKHWKFHQWXU\
3XVKHUSURSHOOHU PDGH$PHULFDQ
VWHDPHQJLQHVLPSURYHG
PDGHIURPVLONRQ VFLHQWLVW6DPXHO/DQJOH\pV
FRQVLGHUDEO\,Q)UHQFKHQJLQHHU
DZRRGHQIUDPH $HURGURPHIDLUO\VWDEOHu
&OÆPHQW$GHUPD\KDYHEULHIO\WDNHQ
XQOLNH$GHUpV¦ROH,Q
RIILQKLVEDWOLNHVWHDPSODQHWKH¦ROH
DVWHDPSRZHUHGPRGHOIOHZMXVWRYHUDKDOI
PLOH NP 6HYHQ\HDUVODWHU/DQJOH\EXLOW
(QJLQHKRXVLQJ DIXOOVFDOHYHUVLRQSRZHUHGE\WKH
QHZJDVHQJLQHEXWLW
FUDVKHGWZLFHRQWDNHRII

$(5,$/67($0&$55,$*(
+HQVRQpV$HULDO6WHDP&DUULDJHPD\
ORRNRGGEXWLWZDVDYHU\SUDFWLFDO
GHVLJQ7KHZLUHEUDFHGVWUXFWXUHZDV
3DLQWHGZLQGRZLQGLFDWHV VRXQGDQGHIIHFWLYHDQGPDQ\HOHPHQWV
SRVLWLRQRIZLQGRZLQWKH RIWKHPDFKLQHDUHVWLOOXVHGWRGD\
IXOOVFDOHYHUVLRQ )HDWXUHVVXFKDVWKHVHSDUDWHWDLOZLWK
UXGGHUDQGHOHYDWRUDQGWKHFDPEHUHG
ZLQJVZHUHDOOZLGHO\WDNHQXSODWHURQ
7KHFKDQFHVDUHWKDWKDGWKHSRZHU
EHHQDGHTXDWHLWPLJKWKDYHIORZQ

/DXQFKLQJ
ZKHHOV
)/<,1*$5281'7+(:25/'
+HQVRQZDVDPDQRIFRQVLGHUDEOH
YLVLRQ7RUDLVHWKHPRQH\WREXLOGD
IXOOVL]HGDLUSODQHKHIRUPHGWKH$HULDO
6WHDP&DUULDJH7UDQVLW&RPSDQ\DQG
LVVXHGDEURFKXUHGHVFULELQJKRZKLV
PDFKLQHZRXOGRQHGD\FDUU\SHRSOHDURXQG
WKHZRUOG(ODERUDWHGUDZLQJVVKRZHGWKH
DLUFUDIWLQIOLJKWRYHU/RQGRQ%RPED\DQG
HYHQWKH3\UDPLGVLQ(J\SW7KH\DOVR
VKRZHGIXOOVFDOHEULFNODXQFKLQJUDPSV
ORRNLQJVRPHWKLQJOLNHUDLOURDGYLDGXFWV
EHORZ 6DGO\KLVLGHDVZHUH
*URRYHGODXQFKLQJUDPS WUHDWHGZLWKVFRUQ


:LQJPDGHE\VWUHWFKLQJOLQHQRYHU

The first airplanes DZRRGHQIUDPHDQGWUHDWLQJLWWR


VKULQNLWWLJKW

2ȯȦȤȰȭȥȵȩȶȳȴȥȢȺLQ
'HFHPEHUDW.LWW\+DZN
1RUWK&DUROLQDWKHJDVHQJLQHG
IO\LQJPDFKLQHEXLOWE\WKHEURWKHUV
2UYLOOHDQG:LOEXU:ULJKWURVHXQVWHDGLO\
LQWRWKHDLUIOHZIW P WKHQGURSSHG
VDIHO\WRWKHJURXQGDJDLQ7KHZRUOGpVILUVWSRZHUHG
VXVWDLQHGDQGFRQWUROOHGDLUSODQHIOLJKWKDGEHHQPDGH5HSRUWV
RIWKH:ULJKWVpDFKLHYHPHQWPHWZLWKGLVEHOLHILQ(XURSHDWILUVW
EXWWKHLUVXFFHVVZDVQRDFFLGHQW7KH\KDGEHHQPHWKRGLFDOO\
LPSURYLQJWKHLUGHVLJQVuDQGFUXFLDOO\WKHLUIO\LQJVNLOOVuVLQFH
:KHQ:LOEXUEURXJKWWKH)O\HUWR)UDQFHLQLWZDVFOHDU
WKDWWKH:ULJKWVZHUHIDUDKHDGRIWKHSLRQHHUVLQ(XURSH%XW
DYLDWLRQZDVQRZSURJUHVVLQJHYHU\ZKHUHZLWKDVWRQLVKLQJVSHHG
6XVWDLQHGIOLJKWVZHUHVRRQDOPRVWURXWLQH7KHQLQ
)UHQFKPDQ/RXLV%OÆULRWIOHZRQHRIKLVHOHJDQWDLUFUDIWPLOHV
NP DFURVVWKH(QJOLVK&KDQQHOIURP)UDQFHWR(QJODQG

3LORWpV
FRFNSLW

7+(:5,*+76p)/<(5DERYH
7KH:ULJKWVUHDOL]HGWKDWWKHLUSODQHQHHGHGVRPH
IRUPRIFRQWUROWRVWRSLWIURPUROOLQJIURPVLGHWR
VLGH6RWKH)O\HUKDGZLUHVWRZDUS WZLVW WKH
ZLQJVWROLIWRQHVLGHRUWKHRWKHU7KLVPHDQW
LWFRXOGQRWRQO\IO\OHYHOEXWDOVRPDNH
EDODQFHGEDQNHGWXUQVUDWKHU
OLNHDELF\FOHFRUQHULQJ

,QQRYDWLYHVSUXQJ
XQGHUFDUULDJHZLWK
VKRFNDEVRUELQJ
HODVWLFFRUG
%/¦5,277<3(;,
/RXLV%OÆULRWpVILUVWDWWHPSWVWRIO\IURP
RQZHUHIUDXJKWZLWKGLVDVWHUDQGKHFUDVKHG
:LQJZDUS VHYHUDOWLPHV%XWKHSLRQHHUHGWKHVRRQIDPLOLDUPRQRSODQHDLUFUDIW
FRQWUROZLUHV ZLWKDVLQJOHZLQJVHSDUDWHWDLODQGHQJLQHLQIURQW7KHQLQLQVSLUHG
E\WKH:ULJKWVpFRQWURO
RYHUWKHLUSODQHKH
DGGHGZLQJZDUSLQJWR
KLVSODQHVZLWKKLJKO\
VXFFHVVIXOUHVXOWV7KH
6LGHYLHZRI %OÆULRW7\SH;,VKRZQ
%OÆULRW7\SH;, DERYHLVLGHQWLFDOWRWKH
SODQHLQZKLFKKHIOHZ
RYHUWKH(QJOLVK&KDQQHO
RQ-XO\ OHIW 


)URQWYLHZRI 0RQRSODQH
%OÆULRW7\SH;, ZLQJ

(OHYDWRUDWWLSRI
02725&<&/((1*,1( WDLOSODQHIRUGLYLQJ
7KH%OÆULRWpVXQXVXDOWKUHHF\OLQGHU RUFOLPELQJ
HQJLQHZDVRULJLQDOO\GHYHORSHGE\
$OHVVDQGUR$Q]DQLWRERRVWWKH
SRZHURIDWZRF\OLQGHUq9rHQJLQH
UHIHUULQJWRWKH9VKDSHG
DUUDQJHPHQWRILWVF\OLQGHUV IRU
PRWRUF\FOHVSULQWV%XWLWZDVVWLOO +LJKO\HIILFLHQW
EDUHO\SRZHUIXOHQRXJKWRFDUU\ &KDXYLÅUHSURSHOOHUWR 7KUHHF\OLQGHU
%OÆULRWDFURVVWKHVHD PDNHWKHPRVWRIWKH $Q]DQLHQJLQH
OLPLWHGHQJLQHSRZHU

$)7(57+(&5266,1*ULJKW
$IWHUKLV&KDQQHOIOLJKW%OÆULRW
EHFDPHDFHOHEULW\RYHUQLJKW0RUH
WKDQRIKLV7\SH;,DLUFUDIWZHUH
RUGHUHGDQGKHEHFDPHWKHILUVW
ODUJHVFDOHDLUFUDIWPDQXIDFWXUHU

5XGGHUFRQWURO 5XGGHUWR
ZLUHV FRQWURO
GLUHFWLRQ

$LUIUDPHPDGHRI
VWURQJIOH[LEOH
ZRRGVVXFKDVDVK %UDFLQJZLUHV
KLFNRU\DQGVSUXFH LQWHQVLRQKROG
IUDPHWRJHWKHU
(OHYDWRU
FRQWUROZLUHV


6RIW

Those magnificent men OHDWKHU

7ȩȦȧȦȢȵȴȰȧȵȩȦȸȳȪȨȩȵȴ%OÆULRWDQGYDULRXVRWKHUEUDYH
DQGLQYHQWLYHSLRQHHUVFUHDWHGWUHPHQGRXV
H[FLWHPHQWDQGDYLDWLRQHPHUJHGDVWKH
VHQVDWLRQRIWKHDJH7KHGDULQJ\RXQJ
PHQZKRGHPRQVWUDWHGWKHLUIO\LQJ
VNLOODWDLUGLVSOD\VTXLFNO\EHFDPH
VXSHUVWDUV:KHQD3DULVLDQ
WKHDWHUDXGLHQFHIRXQG
LQLWVPLGVW$GROSKH3ÆJRXGu
RQHRIWKHILUVWSLORWVWR
GLVSOD\DHUREDWLFVDQG
ORRSVuWKH\VWRSSHG
WKHVKRZXQWLOKHJDYH
WKHPDWDONRQDYLDWLRQ
$QRWKHUSLRQHHULQJ)UHQFK
SLORW/RXLV3DXOKDQZDV
VDLGWRKDYHHDUQHGRYHURQH
PLOOLRQIUDQFVIURPKLVIO\LQJ
H[SORLWV7KHHDUO\IOLHUV ),1',1*7+(:$<
3LORWVQDYLJDWHGE\IO\LQJ
GHVHUYHGWKHLUIDPHVLQFH VWUDLJKWWRZDUGODQGPDUNV
WKHLUSODQHVZHUHGLIILFXOW RUIROORZLQJUDLOURDGWUDFNV
$JRRGVHWRIPDSV
DQGGDQJHURXVWRIO\DQG ZDVYLWDO
DFFLGHQWVZHUHIUHTXHQW
6LWWLQJRQDQH[SRVHGVHDW
ZDVDOVRXQFRPIRUWDEOH
DQGYHU\FROGVRZDUP
FORWKLQJZDVHVVHQWLDO
:KHQ%OÆULRWFURVVHG
WKH&KDQQHOKHZRUH
DFRYHUDOOEXWVSHFLDO :DUPZRRO
OLQLQJ
IO\LQJJHDUZDV
VRRQGHYHORSHG

+27)227
Flying gear
:DUPERRWVZHUH
HVVHQWLDO7KHVHDUHVRIW c. 1916
VKHHSVNLQOLQHGqIXJrERRWV :RUOG:DU,VSXUUHGWKH
RULJLQDOO\WKLJKOHQJWKEXW
FXWGRZQE\WKH UDSLGGHYHORSPHQWRI
RZQHUIRU IO\LQJJHDU7KLVVHOHFWLRQ
FRQYHQLHQFH ZDVLVVXHGWRSLORWVRIWKH
%ULWLVK5R\DO)O\LQJ&RUSV
/HDWKHUZDVWKRXJKWWKHEHVW
q:,1'3522) PDWHULDODWWKHWLPHEXWLWZDV
$,50$1*($5r
7KLFNUXEEHUVROHJDYH 7KLVVXLWIURPDURXQG VRRQUHSODFHGE\RQHSLHFH6LGFRW
JRRGJULSZKHQFOLPELQJ FRXOGEHOLQHGZLWK VXLWVPDGHRIRLOVNLQDQGOLQHG
DERDUGWKHDLUFUDIW HLWKHUIOHHFHRUTXLOW ZLWKVLONDQGIXU


)ROGXSFROODUWR
NHHSQHFNZDUP

*RJJOHKROGHUV

+($',17+(&/28'6
&RZOW\SHKHOPHWVZLWKIDFHPDVNV
OLNHWKLVZHUHVRPHWLPHVXVHGIRU
KLJKDOWLWXGHIO\LQJ%XWVRPHDLUDFHV
IHOWPRUHDOHUWIO\LQJZLWKRXWHLWKHU
KHOPHWRUJRJJOHV

*2**/(ʜ(<('
)RUPRVWSLORWVJRJJOHVJDYHYLWDO
H\HSURWHFWLRQDJDLQVWWKHZLQG
7KLVSDLULVWLQWHGWRUHGXFHJODUH
DQGPDGHZLWKVKDWWHUSURRIJODVV

/HDWKHUJORYHVOLQHGZLWK
VKHHSVNLQPLWWHQ

%XWWRQXS
FXIIVWRNHHS
RXWZLQG

+$1'6
,17+($,5
6WXFNRXWLQ
WKHDLUVWUHDP
RQWKHFRQWUROV
KDQGVFRXOG
TXLFNO\VXIIHU
IURVWELWHLIQRW
SURWHFWHG
E\ZDUP
JORYHV

:,1'3522)
+LJKHUVSHHGVDQG
ORQJHUIOLJKWVLQ:RUOG
:DU,PHDQWVXLWVKDGWR
EHPRUHZLQGSURRI
SDUWLFXODUO\DWWKH
QHFNZULVWVDQGDQNOHV


5DGLDWRUIRU

Double wings HQJLQHFRROLQJ


ZDWHU

7
ȩȦȦȢȳȭȪȦȴȵȱȭȢȯȦȴKDGRQH
WZRWKUHHRUHYHQPRUHVHWVRI
ZLQJVDQGHDFKDUUDQJHPHQW
KDGLWVVXSSRUWHUV%XW%OÆULRWpV
FURVV&KDQQHOIOLJKWLQ
SSt VKRZHGMXVW
KRZHIIHFWLYHDPRQRSODQH
VLQJOHZLQJHU FRXOGEH
2YHUWKHQH[WIHZ\HDUV
PRQRSODQHVWHQGHGWR
GRPLQDWHLQDLUUDFHV
EHFDXVHPXOWLZLQJHG
SODQHVVXIIHUHGIURP
H[WUDDLUUHVLVWDQFH GUDJ 8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKHVH
RYHUVWUHVVHGFRPSHWLWLRQPRQRSODQHVZHUHWRR
DFFLGHQWSURQHDQGLQWKH)UHQFKDQG%ULWLVK
DUP\DXWKRULWLHVGHFLGHGWREDQPRQRSODQHV
FRPSOHWHO\7KH\IHDUHGWKHVLQJOHZLQJGHVLJQ
ZDVZHDNVLQFHWRJLYHDVLPLODUOLIWLQJDUHDWR
PXOWLZLQJVVLQJOHZLQJVKDGWREHYHU\ORQJ
7KHEHVWFRPSURPLVHEHWZHHQVWUHQJWKDQG
ORZZLQGUHVLVWDQFHVHHPHGWREHELSODQHV :RRGHQ 6PDOOSURSHOOHUWR
SURSHOOHU GULYHSXPSVXSSO\LQJ
WZRZLQJHUV 6RZKHQ:RUOG:DU,EHJDQLQ IXHOWRWKHHQJLQH
YLUWXDOO\DOOWKHILJKWHUVDQGREVHUYDWLRQ
SODQHVZHUHELSODQHV7KHGHPDQGVRIZDUJDYH
DWUHPHQGRXVERRVWWRDLUFUDIWGHYHORSPHQW%\
WKHWLPHWKHZDUZDVRYHUWKHDLUSODQHZDVD
UHODWLYHO\VRSKLVWLFDWHGDQGUHOLDEOHPDFKLQH

)2..(575,3/$1(
6RPHWULSODQHV WKUHHZLQJHUV 
ZHUHEXLOWGXULQJWKHZDU7KH*HUPDQ
ZDUWLPH)RNNHU7ULSODQHZDVVDLGWR
EHqIHDUVRPHWRORRNDWDQGFOLPEV
OLNHDQHOHYDWRUr,WZDVDOVRYHU\
PDQHXYHUDEOH%XWDHURG\QDPLFGUDJ
VORZHGWULSODQHVGRZQDQGE\QR
DLUIRUFHZDVXVLQJWKHP

,00(/0$117851
7KHqGRJILJKWVr DHULDOGXHOV RI:RUOG
:DU,UHYHDOHGMXVWKRZPDQHXYHUDEOH
SODQHVKDGEHFRPHLQDVKRUWWLPH7KH,PPHOPDQQ
WXUQQDPHGDIWHUWKH*HUPDQIO\LQJDFH0D[,PPHOPDQQZDV
VDLGWREHDIDYRULWHZD\IRUSLORWVWRHYDGHSXUVXLWRUPRXQW
DKLWDQGUXQDWWDFN%XWLWLVXQOLNHO\WKDW,PPHOPDQQRUDQ\
RWKHUIO\LQJDFHZRXOGKDYHPDGHWKHPVHOYHVVRYXOQHUDEOH
E\IO\LQJXSVLGHGRZQLQIURQWRIWKHHQHP\pVJXQV,WZDV
SUREDEO\MXVWDVLPSOHVWHHSFOLPELQJWXUQ


9LFNHUVIRUZDUGILULQJ
PDFKLQHJXQDLPHGWKURXJK
DKROHLQWKHUDGLDWRU

F\OLQGHUKS
+LVSDQR6XL]Dq9r
HQJLQH

7LPLQJGHYLFHWR ),*+7,1*/,.('2*6
HQVXUHJXQILUHV 'RJILJKWVZHUHIRXJKWEHWZHHQ
WKURXJKWKHSURSHOOHU VLQJOHVHDWVFRXWSODQHVZLWK
RQO\ZKHQWKHEODGHV IRUZDUGILULQJPDFKLQHJXQV
DUHKRUL]RQWDO 6LQFHWKHSLORWKDGWRDLPWKH
ZKROHDLUFUDIWDWWKHHQHP\WR
&RQWUROVWLFNIRU VKRRWIO\LQJVNLOOZDVYLWDO
FOLPELQJGLYLQJ
DQGEDQNLQJ

3LORWpVVHDW

5XGGHU
FRQWURO
ZLUHV

5XGGHUEDU

)XHOWDQN

$VK
IUDPH
%UDFLQJVWUXWV

Bristol Fighter
/LJKWZLUH
ODQGLQJZKHHOV
:LQJVWXEV
c. 1917
,QWKHHDUO\\HDUVRIWKHZDUWKH
GDQJHURXVZRUNRIDUWLOOHU\
VSRWWLQJDQGREVHUYDWLRQ
ZDVSHUIRUPHGE\
VORZWZRVHDWHUV
RIWHQSURWHFWHG
E\IDVWHUVLQJOH
VHDWHUV:KHQ
WKH%ULWLVK%ULVWRO
)LJKWHUFDPHRQ
WKHVFHQHLQ
KRZHYHULWVSRZHUIXO
HQJLQHPDGHLWIDVWHQRXJK
WRDFWDVERWKVSRWWHUDQGILJKWHU

 &RQWLQXHGRQQH[WSDJH
&RQWLQXHGIURPSUHYLRXVSDJH

/HZLVPDFKLQHJXQ
RQD6FDUIIVZLYHOULQJ
HQDEOLQJWKHREVHUYHU
WRILUHLQPDQ\
GLUHFWLRQV
)520%20%6723(23/(
7KHODUJHELSODQHERPEHUV
EXLOWWRZDUGWKHHQGRI )URQWYLHZRI
WKHZDUIRUPHGWKHEDVLV %ULVWRO)LJKWHU
IRUWKHILUVWDLUOLQHUVLQ
SHDFHWLPH
)L[LQJSRLQW
IRUFRQWUROIODS

2EVHUYHUpV
ED\
)XVHODJHORQJHURQV
RIVWUDLJKWJUDLQHG
VSUXFH

'23('83
7KHZRRGHQIUDPHZRUNRIWKHELSODQHpVZLQJV
ORRNVIOLPV\EXWZKHQFRYHUHGLQWDXWOLQHQLWLV
VXUSULVLQJO\VWURQJ7KHOLQHQLVVKUXQNLQWR
SODFHE\SDLQWLQJZLWKFHOOXORVHqGRSHr

)XVHODJHZLWKqGRSHGr
OLQHQFRYHULQJUHPRYHG
WRUHYHDOIUDPHZRUN

(OHYDWRU
FRQWUROZLUHV
5XGGHU
FRQWUROZLUHV 'LDJRQDOEUDFLQJ
8SULJKW ZLUHVYLWDOIRUD
VWUXWV VWURQJIUDPH

7DLOVNLGVSUXQJ
ZLWKHODVWLFDWHG
VKRFNFRUG
)5$0(ʜ83
,QZRRGHQDLUFUDIWIUDPHVRQH
RIWKHPDLQFRQVWUXFWLRQ
SUREOHPVZDVMRLQLQJWKH
XSULJKWVWRWKHFUXFLDOORQJ
KRUL]RQWDOEDUV ORQJHURQV 
ZLWKRXWZHDNHQLQJWKHP
7KHVHLOOXVWUDWLRQVIURP
DERXWVKRZWKUHH
DOWHUQDWLYHVROXWLRQV


6WUXWVOLQNLQJ
XSSHUDQG
ORZHUZLQJ

:LUHVOLQNLQJXSSHU
DQGORZHUZLQJ

:+$7$'5$*
:LWKWKHLUGRXEOHZLQJVDQG
DUUD\RIEUDFLQJVWUXWVDQGZLUHV
ELSODQHVKDGDODUJHIURQWDODUHD
7KLVPHDQWWKDWWKH\ZHUHVORZHG
GRZQFRQVLGHUDEO\E\GUDJ(YHQ
WKRXJKWKH%ULVWRO)LJKWHUKDGD
SRZHUIXOHQJLQHLWFRXOGVWLOORQO\
UHDFKDERXWPSK NSK 

:LQJIUDPH $//7,('83
'UDJEUDFLQJ %LSODQHZLQJVZHUHVWURQJEHFDXVH
VWUXWVDQGZLUHVOLQNHGWKHXSSHUDQG
ORZHUZLQJVWRFRPELQHWKHLUVWUHQJWK
,QWHUQDOZLUHGUDJEUDFLQJZLWKLQWKH
ZLQJVKHOSHGUHVLVWWKHSUHVVXUHRIDLU
SXVKLQJWKHPEDFN

5XGGHU

7851,1*7$,/
%LSODQHVVXFKDVWKH
%ULVWRO)LJKWHUKDGDODUJH
UXGGHUWRKHOSWKHPWXUQ
DFFXUDWHO\DWORZVSHHGV

7DLOVHFWLRQRI
%ULVWRO)LJKWHU
)/<,1*%2$76ULJKW
6XSSRUWVIRU ,QWKH\HDUVDIWHUWKHZDUELJJHUDQG
WDLOSODQHV ELJJHUELSODQHVZHUHEXLOW7KHVHKXJH
6KRUW6DUDIDQGIO\LQJERDWVIURP
FRXOGVWD\LQWKHDLUIRUKRXUVDQG
ZHUHXVHGDVPDULQHSDWUROSODQHV


The evolving plane
,
ȯȵȩȦȺȦȢȳȴDIWHUWKHILUVWLQWHUQDWLRQDO
DLUVKRZZDVKHOGLQ5HLPV)UDQFHLQ
$XJXVWDYLDWLRQSURJUHVVHGDWDQ
DVWRQLVKLQJUDWH7KHSODQHVRIZHUH
PRVWO\IUDLOVORZPDFKLQHVZLWKIOLPV\
RSHQZRRGIUDPHVORZSRZHUHGHQJLQHVDQGUXGLPHQWDU\ '(3(5'866,1
7KH)UHQFK'HSHUGXVVLQ
FRQWUROV1RSODQHDWWKHDLUVKRZIOHZIDVWHUWKDQPSK NSK QRU FRPSDQ\ZDVRQHRIWKHPRVW
FOLPEHGKLJKHUWKDQIW P RUVRDERYHWKHJURXQG<HWZLWKLQ DGYDQFHGDLUFUDIWPDQXIDFWXUHUV
LQWKH\HDUVEHIRUH:RUOG:DU,
IRXU\HDUVDLUFUDIWZHUHIO\LQJDWRYHUPSK NSK FOLPELQJWR DQGLWVVOHHNPRQRSODQHVWRRN
IW P DQGSHUIRUPLQJDHUREDWLFIHDWVVXFKDVORRSVDQG PDQ\VSHHGUHFRUGV'HVSLWH
WKLVWKHH[DPSOHDERYHVKRZV
UROOV S %\XQJDLQO\ZRRGHQSODQHVZHUHDOPRVWDWKLQJRIWKH PDQ\IHDWXUHVW\SLFDORIWKH
SDVWDQGQHZDOOPHWDOSODQHVZLWKVWUHDPOLQHGIXVHODJHV ERGLHV DQG SLRQHHULQJSODQHVZLWKODWHUDO
FRQWUROE\ZLQJZDUSLQJ
ZLQJVZHUHKXUWOLQJDFURVVWKHVN\ S DORZSRZHUHGHQJLQH
DQGH[WHQVLYHZLUHEUDFLQJ
DWSUHYLRXVO\XQGUHDPHG
RIVSHHGV

%UDVVWDQN
.LQJSRVWWRDFW SRVLWLRQHGKLJKWR
DVDQFKRUSRLQWVIRU IHHGIXHOWRWKH
WKHULJJLQJZLUHV HQJLQHVLPSO\
WRWKHZLQJV WKURXJKJUDYLW\

5LJJLQJZLUHVWRKROG
WKHPRQRSODQHZLQJ

)OH[LEOH
PRQRSODQH
KS$Q]DQLUDGLDO ZLQJV
HQJLQHUXQQLQJVPRRWKHU
WKDQWKHIDQHQJLQHILWWHGWR
WKH%OÆULRW7\SH;, S

:LQJZDUS
FRQWUROFDEOH

5RFNLQJ
FUDQN

5LJJLQJZLUHVEHFRPH
WDXWLQIOLJKWDVWKH
ZLQJOLIWV
:LUHVIURPURFNLQJ
FUDQNWRZDUSWKHZLQJV
8QGHUFDUULDJHVWUXWV
IRUPLQJLPSRUWDQWSDUW
RIDLUFUDIWVWUXFWXUH


623:,7+383 $LOHURQV
$LUFUDIWLPSURYHGLPPHDVXUDEO\LQWKH\HDUVEHIRUH
:RUOG:DU,DQGZDUWLPHELSODQHILJKWHUVZHUHIDVWHU
DQGPXFKPRUHPDQHXYHUDEOHWKDQWKHIO\LQJPDFKLQHV
RIWKHSLRQHHUV/LJKWZHLJKWURWDU\HQJLQHV SSt 
SURSHOOHGILJKWHUVVXFKDVWKLV6RSZLWK3XSDORQJDW
VSHHGVRI PSK NSK RUPRUHDQGLPSURYHG
FRQWURODOORZHGSODQHVWRHQJDJHLQGUDPDWLFGRJILJKWV
7REDQNWKHSODQHWKHSLORWQRORQJHUZDUSHGRU
WZLVWHGWKHZLQJVEXWUDLVHGRUORZHUHGKLQJHGIODSV
FDOOHGDLOHURQVRQWKHWLSVRIVWURQJULJLGZLQJV S 
)XVHODJHVZHUHE\QRZDOZD\VHQFORVHG7RZDUGWKHHQG
RIWKHZDUDIHZPDQXIDFWXUHUVEHJDQWRH[SHULPHQWZLWK %$%<&$0(/
PRQRFRTXHIXVHODJHVLQZKLFKDOOWKHVWUHQJWKFDPHIURP 6RSZLWKZDVIDPRXVIRULWVILJKWHUVFRXWSODQHV
DVLQJOHVKHOOUDWKHUWKDQIURPLQWHUQDOVWUXWVDQGEUDFLQJ LQ:RUOG:DU,DQGWKH6RSZLWK3XS DERYH 
ZDVWKHIRUHUXQQHURIWKHDJLOH&DPHOWKHPRVW
IRUPLGDEOHILJKWHURIWKHZDU

9LFNHUV
*XQVLJKW PDFKLQH
JXQ $OXPLQXPHQJLQH
FRZOLQJWRFDWFKDOOWKH
RLOWKURZQRXWE\D
6WUHDPOLQHG URWDU\HQJLQH
VWUXWV

KS*QRPH
URWDU\HQJLQH

6RSKLVWLFDWHG
DUUDQJHPHQWRIEUDFLQJ (IILFLHQW
ZLUHVJLYHVYHU\VWURQJ FDPEHUHG
([KDXVW ZLQJ
VWUXFWXUHHVVHQWLDOIRU VORW
GRJILJKWV

&RQWLQXHGRQQH[WSDJH

&RQWLQXHGIURPSUHYLRXVSDJH

+$:.(5+$57
1HDUWKHHQGRI:RUOG:DU,ZRRG
VKRUWDJHVSHUVXDGHGPDQ\SODQHPDNHUV
WRH[SHULPHQWZLWKPHWDODQGWKH\VRRQ
UHDOL]HGWKDWPHWDOZDVDFWXDOO\VXSHULRULQ
PDQ\ZD\V7KURXJKRXWWKHVDLUIRUFHV
VWLOOSUHIHUUHGELSODQHVWRPRQRSODQHVIRUWKHLU
UREXVWQHVVJRRGKDQGOLQJDQGORZODQGLQJVSHHGV
%XWIDEULFDQGZRRGZLQJVZHUHQRZIUHTXHQWO\
FRPELQHGZLWKPHWDOPRQRFRTXHIXVHODJHV9HU\
SRZHUIXOHQJLQHVDQGDPRUHVWUHDPOLQHGVKDSHIRU
+$57,1)/,*+7
ERWKZLQJVDQGIXVHODJHPHDQWWKDWHYHQELSODQHV
'HVLJQHGE\+DZNHUpV6LGQH\&DPP
FRXOGKXUWOHWKURXJKWKHDLUDWRYHUPSK
DVDWZRVHDWERPEHUWKH+DUWZDV
NSK E\WKHHQGRIWKHGHFDGH
RQHRIWKHIDVWHVWSODQHVRIWKHGD\

6WUHDPOLQHGOHDGLQJ %DVLFVWUXFWXUHRIVWHHOWXEHV
HGJHWRZLQJ FRYHUHGLQGRSHGIDEULF

3LORWpV
ZLQGVKLHOG

$OXPLQXPHQJLQH
:RRGHQSURSHOOHUZLWK ED\FRQFHDOLQJKS
OHDGLQJHGJHUHLQIRUFHG 5ROOV5R\FH.HVWUHO
E\ULYHWHGEUDVVVWULS HQJLQH

6WUHDPOLQHG (QJLQHH[KDXVWV
IURQWHQGWRFXW
GRZQGUDJ
%UDFLQJZLUH

(QJLQHDLULQWDNH

9LFNHUVRLODLUVKRFN
DEVRUEHUVSURYLGLQJ
VSULQJLQJDQGGDPSLQJ
IRUODQGLQJVKRFNV

5DGLDWRUH[SRVHG
WRFRROLQJDLUIORZ
3QHXPDWLF
WLUH

8QGHUFDUULDJHD[OH


683(50$5,1(6% 7+(63,7),5(
%\WKHPLGVSODQHVFRXOGEHEXLOWVRVWURQJO\WKDWPDQ\ 6XSHUPDULQHDQG
DLUFUDIWGHVLJQHUVGHFLGHGWRJREDFNWRPRQRSODQHVuWRFXW 5ROOV5R\FHpV
GRZQGUDJDQGPDNHWKHPRVWRISRZHUIXOQHZHQJLQHV H[SHULHQFHZLWKWKH
0DQ\RIWKHELJJHUPRQRSODQHVZHUHZRRGHQEXWWKHODWHU 6%SURYHGLQYDOXDEOH
\HDUVRIWKHGHFDGHVDZWKHELUWKRIDQHZEUHHGRIVPDOO ZKHQWKH\ZRUNHGRQ
DOOPHWDOSODQHV%HDXWLIXOO\VWUHDPOLQHGIRUPLQLPXP WKH6SLWILUHWKH
GUDJWKHVHVLQJOHVHDWHUPRQRSODQHVZHUHYHU\IDVW IDPRXV:RUOG
LQGHHGDQGWKH6FKQHLGHU7URSK\UDFHIRU :DU,,ILJKWHU
VHDSODQHVVSXUUHGSODQHPDNHUVWRSXVK
WKHLUGHVLJQVIXUWKHUDQGIXUWKHU(DFK\HDU
,WDOLDQ0DFFKLVDQG%ULWLVK6XSHUPDULQHV 0DVVEDODQFHZHLJKWV
FRPSHWHGWRUDLVHWKHUHFRUGWRHYHUPRUH DGGHGGXULQJWHVWLQJWR )LQFRQWDLQLQJ
GL]]\LQJVSHHGVuZKLFKE\KDG FDQFHORXWWKHWHQGHQF\ HQJLQHRLOWDQN
FOLPEHGWRPRUHWKDQPSK NSK  RIWKHUXGGHUWRYLEUDWH
7KHVHUDFLQJSODQHVEHQHILWWHGIURP GHVWUXFWLYHO\DWVSHHG
LPPHQVHO\SRZHUIXOVXSHUFKDUJHG
HQJLQHV6XSHUFKDUJHUVZHUHIDQV
RULJLQDOO\DGGHGWRVTXHH]HH[WUD
)DLUH\5HHGSURSHOOHU
DLULQWRWKHHQJLQHWRPDNH
RIIRUJHGDOXPLQXP
XSIRUWKHWKLQDLUDWKLJK
DOOR\ZLWKDFRDUVH
DOWLWXGHuEXWQRZWKH\
VWHHS SLWFKIRUKLJK
ZHUHXVHGVLPSO\IRU
VSHHGIOLJKWWKDWPDGH
PD[LPXPSRZHU
WDNHRIIWULFN\
DWDQ\DOWLWXGH

6WUHDPOLQHG
KS5ROOV5R\FH5 DOOPHWDO
VXSHUFKDUJHG9HQJLQH IXVHODJH
5DGLDWRUVEXLOWLQWR
GRXEOHVNLQQHG
3LSHVDORQJIXVHODJH ZLQJVWRFXWGUDJ
WRFRRORLO

5DGLDWRUVEXLOWLQWR
GRXEOHVNLQQHG
IORDWWRSVXUIDFH
)ORDWFRQWDLQLQJ WRFXWGUDJ
IXHOWDQNV

)ORDWVWUXWVFRQWDLQLQJ
SLSHVIRUIXHOIHHGDQG
HQJLQHFRRODQW

7523+<:,11(5
7KH6XSHUPDULQH6ZRQWKH6FKQHLGHU7URSK\DWPSK NSK 


Light aircraft
6ȪȯȨȭȦȦȯȨȪȯȦȥȭȪȨȩȵȱȭȢȯȦȴDUHWRGD\IORZQDOO
(3,&)/,*+7 RYHUWKHZRUOGIRUWUDLQLQJSLORWVIRUEDVLFWUDQVSRUWDWLRQLQ
7KHPRVWIDPRXVOLJKWSODQH UHPRWHSODFHVDQGIRUWKHVKHHUSOHDVXUHRIIO\LQJ7KH\DUH )XHOWDQNKROGLQJ
ZDVWKH6SLULWRI6W/RXLVLQ HQRXJKIXHOIRU
ZKLFK&KDUOHV/LQGEHUJKIOHZ YHU\VLPSOHDLUFUDIWZLWKW\SLFDOO\DIL[HGXQGHUFDUULDJHD KRXUVRUPLOHV
VRORDFURVVWKH$WODQWLFLQ
PRQRSODQHZLQJDERYHWKHFDELQVLPSOHIXVHODJHDQGWDLO NP RIIO\LQJ

DQGDVPDOOJDVHQJLQHWR
WXUQWKHSURSHOOHUDWWKHIURQW8VXDOO\YHU\
FRQYHQWLRQDOLQGHVLJQWKH\ZRUNLQPXFK
WKHVDPHZD\DVWKHSODQHVRIWKHSLRQHHUV
2QO\WKHPDWHULDOVDUHJHQXLQHO\QHZ
ZLWKDOXPLQXPDOOR\VDQGSODVWLFV
UHSODFLQJWKHWUDGLWLRQDO
ZRRGDQGOLQHQ
7LQ\WZRF\OLQGHU
5RWD[HQJLQH

612:%,5'
7KHEDVLFVKDSHRIOLJKWSODQHV
KDVFKDQJHGOLWWOHVLQFH:RUOG
:DU,,DQGWKHPDLQHOHPHQWV
RISODQHVOLNHWKH6QRZELUG
KDYHORQJEHHQIDPLOLDUWRSLORWV
7KH6QRZELUGLQFRUSRUDWHV
GHYHORSPHQWVLQXOWUDOLJKWV
SSt UHVXOWLQJLQDOLJKWSODQH
FRVWLQJOLWWOHPRUHWKDQDIDPLO\FDU *$632:(5
:KLOHELJJHUIDVWHU
SODQHVQRZXVXDOO\KDYH &DELQVXSHUVWUXFWXUH
3URSHOOHULVPDGHRI MHWHQJLQHVJDVHQJLQHVDUH RIOLJKWDOXPLQXP
ODPLQDWHGZRRG TXLWHDGHTXDWHIRUOLJKWSODQHV ZLWKURRIIRUPLQJ )L[HGXQGHUFDUULDJH
ZLQJPRXQWV
:LQJIURQWLVD
217+(3$1(/EHORZ 'VKDSHGER[PDGH
2QWKH6QRZELUGpV RIVKHHWDOOR\WKDW
LQVWUXPHQWSDQHO UHVLVWVWZLVWLQJ
GLJLWDOHOHFWURQLF
GLVSOD\VUHSODFHWKH
FORFNVDQGFDEOHV :(,*+7/,)7(5
WUDGLWLRQDOO\XVHGRQ :LQJVDUHVSHFLDOO\
OLJKWSODQHV GHVLJQHGIRUHDFK
SODQHWRJLYHMXVWWKH
ULJKWDPRXQWRIOLIW
7KHOHQJWKRIWKH
ZLQJ LWVVSDQ DQG
LWVFURVVVHFWLRQ
FDPEHU DUHFULWLFDO
:LQJVPXVWDOVREH
OLJKWDQGYHU\VWURQJ
WRR7KHVWUHVVHV
SODFHGRQWKHZLQJV
RIHYHQWKHOLJKWHVW
VORZHVWSODQHDVLW
IOLHVWKURXJKWKHDLU
DUHFRQVLGHUDEOH7KH
6QRZELUGpVZLQJRI $EVHQFHRI
IDEULFVWUHWFKHGRYHU DLOHURQV
$,56&5(:DERYH DQDOXPLQXPIUDPH PDNHVZLQJ
0RVWOLJKWSODQHV LVXQXVXDOO\VLPSOH IUDPHYHU\
KDYHDWUDGLWLRQDO %XWWKHFURVVVWUXWV VLPSOH
WZLQEODGHGSURSHOOHU DQGEUDFLQJSLHFHV
7KLVLVPRXQWHGDW KDGWREHYHU\
WKHIURQWWRSXOOWKH FDUHIXOO\GHVLJQHG
DLUFUDIWIRUZDUG
3/$1($1'6,03/(
7KHKLJKZLQJ&HVVQD(6N\KDZNLV
WKHFODVVLFDOOSXUSRVHOLJKWSODQHXVHGIRU
WUDLQLQJOHLVXUHDQGEXVLQHVV7KHERG\LVDOO
PHWDODQGDKSIODWIRXUF\OLQGHUHQJLQH
SURSHOVLWDORQJDWPSK NSK  %$/$1&(:,1*
7KH:ULJKWVp)O\HUKDGVPDOOZLQJV
RQWKHIURQWWRKHOSNHHSWKHSODQH
IO\LQJOHYHOu\HWRQYLUWXDOO\HYHU\
SODQHVLQFHWKHVWDELOL]LQJZLQJV
/,77/(5$&(5 KDYHEHHQDWWKHEDFNDQG
7KHEDVLFOD\RXWIRU FDOOHGWKHWDLOSODQH
OLJKWSODQHVuZLWK :LWKRXWDWDLOSODQHWKH
KLJKZLQJVHQJLQHLQWKH DLUFUDIWZRXOGWLOWXSDQG
QRVHDQGIL[HGZKHHOVuZDV GRZQXQFRQWUROODEO\
HVWDEOLVKHGEDFNLQWKHV 2QWKHWDLOSODQHpV
ZKHQWKLV&RPSHU6ZLIW WUDLOLQJ UHDU HGJHV
ZDVEXLOW7KH6ZLIWZDV DUHKLQJHGIODSVFDOOHG
RQHRIWKHPDQ\OLJKW HOHYDWRUVZKLFKWKH
SODQHVXVHGIRUVSRUWDQG SLORWPRYHVXSRU
LWV3REMR\VHYHQF\OLQGHUUDGLDO GRZQWRFOLPE
$OXPLQXPDLUIUDPH HQJLQHPDGHLWVXUSULVLQJO\IDVW RUGLYH SSt 
,QLWIOHZIURP%ULWDLQWR
$XVWUDOLDLQUHFRUGWLPH

)LQDQGUXGGHU
XSULJKW

(OHYDWRUV
/21*%2'<
,QOLJKWSODQHVWKHPDLQ
ERG\uFDOOHGWKHIXVHODJHuLVVLPSO\ 7DLOSODQH
DWDSHUHGWXEHWKDWVXSSRUWVWKHWDLOSODQHLQH[DFWO\
WKHULJKWSODFHLQUHODWLRQWRWKHPDLQZLQJV2QVRPH
)XVHODJH OLJKWSODQHVWKHIXVHODJHLVDVWURQJVWUHDPOLQHGWXEHRI
ZHOGHGVWHHO7KHVORZIO\LQJ6QRZELUGQHHGVRQO\ $OXPLQXP
IDEULFVWUHWFKHGRYHUDOLJKWVTXDUHDOXPLQXPIUDPH UXGGHUIUDPH

7851,1*7$,/
6LPSOHPLGZLQJ (YHU\SODQHKDVDQ
VSRLOHUVuQRWWKH XSULJKWILQDWWKHUHDUWR
XVXDODLOHURQVuWR NHHSLWIO\LQJLQDVWUDLJKW
FRQWURODLUFUDIW OLQH%XWWKHEDFNHQGRI
EDQNLQJ WKHILQFDOOHGWKHUXGGHU
KLQJHVMXVWOLNHWKH
UXGGHURIDERDWWRWXUQ
WKHSODQHOHIWRUULJKW
6SHFLDOSODVWLF 6WHHULQJDSODQHLQWKHDLU
ILOPVKUXQN KRZHYHULVQRWDVVLPSOH
WLJKWO\RYHUWKH DVVWHHULQJDERDWDQGWKH
DLUFUDIWIUDPH SLORWKDVWRXVHWKH
ZLWKDKHDWJXQ DLOHURQVRUVSRLOHUV
RQWKHPDLQZLQJVDV
ZHOO SSt 

&203/(7(3/$1(
7KHILQLVKHG6QRZELUGLVVR
OLJKWDQGVWDEOHWKDWLWVWDOOVRU
VWRSVIO\LQJRQO\ZKHQWKHVSHHG
GURSVDVORZDVPSK NSK 
([KDXVW

Aero-engines &DUEXUHWRU
&RSSHUFRROLQJ
MDFNHWDURXQG

3ȰȸȦȳȦȥȧȭȪȨȩȵRQO\EHFDPH WKHF\OLQGHU

DUHDOSRVVLELOLW\ZLWKWKH
GHYHORSPHQWRISLVWRQ
HQJLQHVIRUFDUVLQWKHHDUO\
\HDUVRIWKHWKFHQWXU\
,QGHHGPDQ\SLRQHHULQJ
PDFKLQHVZHUHSURSHOOHG
LQWRWKHDLUE\HQJLQHV
9,7$/63$5.
/LNHDFDUHQJLQH WDNHQVWUDLJKWIURPFDUV
DLUFUDIWSLVWRQHQJLQHV DQGPRWRUF\FOHVDQG
KDYHVSDUNSOXJVWR
LJQLWHWKHIXHOFKDUJH PRGLILHGE\LQJHQLRXV
WRGULYHWKHSLVWRQ DYLDWRUV8QIRUWXQDWHO\
GRZQLQHDFKF\OLQGHU
DLUFRROHGPRWRUF\FOH
HQJLQHVRIWHQORVWSRZHURUVHL]HGXSLQ
PLGIOLJKWZKLOHZDWHUFRROHGFDUHQJLQHV
ZHUHYHU\KHDY\%HIRUHORQJDYLDWRUV
EHJDQWREXLOGWKHLURZQHQJLQHVDQG
WKH\PDGHWKHPERWKOLJKWDQG
H[WUHPHO\SRZHUIXO)URPWKHQRQ &\OLQGHUFXW &22/-$&.(7
SLVWRQHQJLQHVIRUDLUFUDIWEHFDPH DZD\WR 7RVDYHZHLJKWVRPHELJ
UHYHDOSLVWRQ
HYHUPRUHSRZHUIXODQGVRSKLVWLFDWHG ZDWHUFRROHGDHURHQJLQHV
VXFKDVWKLV(19IURP
XQWLOVRRQDIWHU:RUOG:DU,,WKH DURXQGKDGYHU\WKLQ
FRSSHUZDWHUMDFNHWVFRDWHG
FRPLQJRIMHWHQJLQHVPHDQWWKDW HOHFWULFDOO\RQWRWKHF\OLQGHUV
SLVWRQHQJLQHVZHUHXVHGRQO\ 3LSHWRFDUU\DPL[WXUH
RIIXHODQGDLUIURPWKH
RQOLJKWSODQHV SSt  FDUEXUHWRUWRWKHF\OLQGHUV

3LVWRQuGULYHQGRZQWKH
F\OLQGHUE\EXUQLQJIXHO &UDQNFDVHFRQWDLQLQJ
DQGEDFNXSDJDLQE\WKH FUDQNVKDIWWXUQHGE\
URWDWLQJFUDQNVKDIW WKHSLVWRQV

)ODQJHIRU
H[KDXVWSLSH

&DVWLURQ
F\OLQGHUVZLWK
ILQVWRLPSURYHFRROLQJ
E\LQFUHDVLQJWKHDUHDRI
PHWDOH[SRVHGWRWKHDLUIORZ

:+((/672:,1*6
/LNHPDQ\HDUO\DHURHQJLQHVWKLV
$Q]DQLqIDQrW\SHHQJLQH ZLWKWKH &DUEXUHWRUWR
F\OLQGHUVVSUHDGRXWLQDIDQVKDSH FDPH GHOLYHUIXHOWR
IURPDPRWRUF\FOH$Q]DQLKDGRULJLQDOO\ WKHF\OLQGHUVDW
SXWWKHH[WUDF\OLQGHULQWKHPLGGOHRI WKHULJKWUDWH
WKHLU9WZLQHQJLQHWRJDLQSRZHUIRU
PRWRUF\FOHVSULQWVDQGKLOOFOLPEV7KLVZDV
WKHNLQGRIHQJLQHXVHGE\%OÆULRWIRUKLV
&KDQQHOFURVVLQJLQ SSt 
,WVRXWSXWRIKSZDVEDUHO\DGHTXDWH )ORDWWR 3URSHOOHU
IRUWKHWDVNDQGWKHHQJLQHZRXOGKDYH FRQWUROWKH PRXQWHGKHUH
VHL]HGXSVRLWLVVDLGLIDWLPHO\VKRZHU OHYHORIIXHOLQ DQGWXUQHGE\
RIUDLQKDGQRWFRROHGLWGRZQ WKHFDUEXUHWRU WKHFUDQNVKDIW


527$5<(1*,1( &UDQNVKDIWZKLFK ,QOHWSLSHVFKDQQHOLQJ
7KHF\OLQGHUVRQWKHHDUOLHVW DORQHVWD\VVWLOOZKLOH WKHIXHODQGDLUPL[WXUH
DHURHQJLQHVZHUHHLWKHUDUUDQJHG WKHF\OLQGHUVURWDWH IURPWKHFUDQNFDVHWR 9DOYHVWROHWIXHOLQ
LQOLQHDQGQHHGHGKHDY\ DURXQGLW WKHF\OLQGHUV DQGEXUQHGJDVHV
ZDWHUFRROLQJV\VWHPVRU H[KDXVW RXW
VHWLQDFLUFOH UDGLDOO\ 
DQGGLGQRWFRROZHOO
DWDOO6RLQWKH
)UHQFK6ÆJXLQEURWKHUV
LQWURGXFHGWKHURWDU\ &\OLQGHUVNHSW
HQJLQH$VLQDUDGLDO HVSHFLDOO\FRRO
WKHURWDU\pVF\OLQGHUV E\WKHIORZRI
ZHUHDUUDQJHGLQDULQJ DLUDURXQGWKHP
EXWXQOLNHWKHUDGLDO DVWKH\URWDWH
WKHF\OLQGHUVZHQWDURXQG
ZLWKWKHSURSHOOHUZKLOH
WKHFHQWUDOFUDQN &UDQNFDVH
VWD\HGVWLOO URWDWHVZLWK
WKHF\OLQGHUV

)LQHO\PDFKLQHG
F\OLQGHUVZLWKOLJKWWKLQ
ZDOOVRQO\LQ PP WKLFN
&RQQHFWLQJURGVWR
$(52ʜ*,$17 SLVWRQVDUHDOOMRLQHGWR
1RWDOOSURSHOOHUSODQHVZHUH DVLQJOHEHDULQJDURXQG
SRZHUHGE\SLVWRQHQJLQHV7KHKXJH WKHFUDQNVKDIW
6DXQGHUV5RH3ULQFHVVIO\LQJERDW
KDGVL[ELJWXUERSURSMHW
HQJLQHV S WR
WXUQSURSHOOHUV
/,*+732:(5 &DUEXUHWRU
7KLV:$(+XUULFDQHHQJLQHZHLJKVRQO\
OE NJ \HWLWSURGXFHVDVPXFKSRZHU
DV%OÆULRWpV$Q]DQLZKLFKZHLJKHG
RYHUOE NJ 2ULJLQDOO\GHVLJQHG 3URSHOOHUVKDIW
IRUOLJKWSODQHVLWLVQRZXVHGWRSRZHU
UHPRWHFRQWUROOHG
GURQHVIRUJXQQHU\
DQGDQWLDLUFUDIW
SUDFWLFH

&\OLQGHU


:5,*+7

The propeller 7KH:ULJKWEURWKHUV


EXLOWWKHLURZQZLQG
WXQQHOIRUWHVWLQJ
ZLQJVDQGSURSHOOHUV
7KLVGHVLJQVKRZV
3ȳȰȱȦȭȭȦȳȴȴȦȦȮȵȰȩȢȷȦFKDQJHGOLWWOHVLQFH WKH\NQHZWKDWWKH
EODGHKDGWREH
WKHSLRQHHULQJGD\V<HWDVWKH:ULJKWEURWKHUV WZLVWHGWRJLYHLW
ZHUHTXLFNWRDSSUHFLDWHWKH\DUHQRWVLPSO\ DVKDOORZHUDQJOH
DWWKHWLS
RDUVIRUWKHDLUWKH\DUHOLNHVSLQQLQJZLQJV
WKDWWKUXVWWKHSODQHIRUZDUGLQPXFKWKHVDPHZD\DVZLQJVOLIW
LWXSZDUG6RWKHVKDSHRIDSURSHOOHULVDVFUXFLDOWRSHUIRUPDQFH
DVWKHVKDSHRIDZLQJDQGWKHVXEWOHHYROXWLRQRISURSHOOHU
GHVLJQRYHUWKH\HDUVKDVLPSURYHG
HIILFLHQF\GUDPDWLFDOO\3URSHOOHUV
KDYHJDLQHGLQVWUHQJWKWRRDV
FRQVWUXFWLRQKDVFKDQJHGIURP
ODPLQDWLRQV OD\HUV RIZRRG
WRIRUJHGDOXPLQXPWRFRSH
ZLWKWKHVWHDGLO\LQFUHDVLQJ
SRZHURIDHURHQJLQHV

3+,//,36
7KLVHDUO\SURSHOOHUGHVLJQHGE\(QJOLVK
DHURIRLO ZLQJVKDSH H[SHUW+RUDWLR
3KLOOLSVORRNVDOLWWOHOLNHDVKLSpVVFUHZ
<HWLWZRUNHGZHOORQFHOLIWLQJD
WHWKHUHGH[SHULPHQWDODLUFUDIW
ZHLJKLQJOE NJ  %ODGHDQJOH
SLWFK VWHHSHU
FORVHUWRWKH
KXE
3URSHOOHUEODGH
PDGHIURP
VWULSVRIPRRG

7LSWUDYHOV
IDUWKHUDQG
IDVWHUWKDQKXE 3$5$*21
7KHSURILOHRIWKLVH[SHULPHQWDO
EODGHLVJRRGEXWWKHUHZDVQRQHHG
3URSHOOHU
IRUVXFKDVZHHSLQJVKDSHDWWKH
URWDWHV
VORZVSLQQLQJVSHHGVRIWKHWLPH
WKLVZD\

+XE
3,7&+$1'7:,67
7KHWKUXVWGHYHORSHGE\DSURSHOOHU
YDULHVZLWKLWVVSHHGDQGWKHDQJOHDW
ZKLFKLWVEODGHVFDUYHWKURXJKWKHDLUu
/HDGLQJHGJH LWVSLWFK%HFDXVHWKHSURSHOOHUWLSVSLQV
IDVWHUWKDQWKHKXEWKHEODGHLVWZLVWHG %UDVVFRYHUWR
WRPDNHWKHSLWFKVWHHSQHDUWKHKXE SURWHFWWKHEODGH
EXWVKDOORZHUWRZDUGWKHWLS7KLVNHHSV IURPVHDVSUD\
7UDLOLQJHGJH WKUXVWHYHQDOOWKHZD\DORQJWKHEODGH


/$1* :27$1
/RQJDQGUREXVWWKLVODPLQDWHG 7KHODPLQDWHGFRQVWUXFWLRQFDQ
SURSHOOHUZDVPDGHWRFRSH EHVHHQLQWKLVHOHJDQW*HUPDQ
ZLWKWKHSRZHURIDKS SURSHOOHU7KHSURSHOOHUZDV
6XQEHDPHQJLQHRQD6KRUW PDGHE\JOXHLQJURXJKO\VKDSHG
VHDSODQH7KHEUDVV ODPLQDWLRQVWRJHWKHUDQGWKHQ
FODGWLSVSURWHFWLWIURP FDUYLQJWKHPWRIRUPDVPRRWKO\
HURVLRQE\VHDVSUD\ WDSHUHGDHURIRLO

(;75$%/$'(6
$VHQJLQHSRZHULQFUHDVHG
SURSHOOHUVZHUHPDGHZLWK
WKUHHRUIRXUEODGHVWRFRSH
ZLWKWKHH[WUDORDG

5LYHWVWRKROG
WKHEUDVVDUPRU
WRWKHEODGH

/DPLQDWLRQV
RIVSUXFH
DQGDVK

6ZLYHOWR
YDU\WKHSLWFK
RIWKHEODGHV

+(/(ʜ6+$:ʜ%($&+$0
,GHDOO\DQDLUFUDIWQHHGVFRDUVH
VWHHSO\ SLWFKHGSURSHOOHUVIRU
FUXLVLQJDWVSHHGDQGILQH VKDOORZ 
SLWFKIRUJRRGWKUXVWDWWDNHRII,Q
WKHODWHVPDQ\DLUFUDIWEHJDQ
XVLQJYDULDEOHSLWFKSURSHOOHUVRQ
ZKLFKWKHDQJOHRIWKHEODGHVFRXOG
EHFKDQJHGWRVXLWWKHFRQGLWLRQV7KLV
)$,5(<ʜ5((' SDUWLFXODUSURSHOOHUZDVRSHUDWHGE\
$VDLUFUDIWGHVLJQHUVWULHGWRJHW HQJLQHRLOSUHVVXUH
SODQHVWRJRIDVWHUDQGIDVWHULQ
WKH\HDUVDIWHU:RUOG:DU,WKH\
GHPDQGHGWKLQQHUEODGHVWRVOLFH
HDVLO\WKURXJKWKHDLU7KLQ
ZRRGHQEODGHVZHUHWRRZHDN
WRWDNHWKHVWUDLQEXWLQ
6\OYDQXV$OEHUW5HHGGHYHORSHG
DZD\RIPDNLQJVWURQJSURSHOOHUV
IURPIRUJHGDOXPLQXP2YHUWKH
\HDUVWKHVHJUDGXDOO\UHSODFHG
ODPLQDWHGZRRGHQSURSHOOHUV
,17(*5$/(
7KHEUDVVVKHDWKFRYHULQJWKLV
ZRRGHQEODGHGSURSHOOHUZDV 6ZLYHOLQJEODGHWR
GHVLJQHGWRSURWHFWLWIURPHQHP\ JLYHWKHULJKWSLWFK
DWWDFN%HIRUHWKHLQWHUUXSWRUJHDUZDV IRUERWKODQGLQJDQG
LQYHQWHG SSt SURSHOOHUVRQ KLJKVSHHGFUXLVLQJ
VRPH)UHQFKILJKWHUSODQHVKDGHYHQ 81'8&7(')$1
KHDYLHUDUPRUSODWLQJWRVWRSWKHP 7RVDYHIXHODQGZHLJKWVRPHMHW
IURPEHLQJGHVWUR\HGE\WKHLURZQ PDQXIDFWXUHUVKDYHWULHGDGGLQJSURSHOOHUV
IRUZDUGILULQJPDFKLQHJXQ NQRZQDVXQGXFWHGIDQVWRWKHLUHQJLQHV6RIDU
XQGXFWHGIDQVKDYHSURYHGWRRQRLV\WREHSUDFWLFDO


Flying the world
7ȩȦȵȪȮȦȣȦȵȸȦȦȯWKHWZRZRUOGZDUVZDVWKH
KHURLFDJHRIDYLDWLRQuWKHDJHRIWKHILUVWQRQVWRS
FURVVLQJRIWKH$WODQWLFE\$OFRFNDQG%URZQ
S /LQGEHUJKpVVRORFURVVLQJ S 
DQG$XVWUDOLDQDYLDWRU&KDUOHV.LQJVIRUG
6PLWKpVHSLFIOLJKWRYHUWKH3DFLILFLQ
)HDWVOLNHWKHVHLQVSLUHGFRQILGHQFHLQDYLDWLRQ
DQGVRRQSODQHVEHJDQWRFDUU\SDVVHQJHUVUHJXODUO\
$OORYHUWKHZRUOGQHZDLUOLQHVZHQWLQWREXVLQHVV
&52<'21$,53257
DQGPRUHDQGPRUHSHRSOHH[SHULHQFHGWKHVSHHGDQG (DUO\DLUSRUWVZHUHRIWHQOLWWOH
67$56,17+(6.< QRYHOW\RIIO\LQJ$LUWUDYHOJUHZPRVWUDSLGO\LQWKH PRUHWKDQDJUDVVODQGLQJVWULS
DQGDVWUDJJOHRIWHQWV7KH
$LUWUDYHOZDV 8QLWHG6WDWHVZKHUHPDLOFRQWUDFWVKHOSHGILQDQFHWKH ZRUOGpVILUVWPRGHUQDLUSRUW
DJODPRURXVQHZ EXLOGLQJVZHUHEXLOWDW&UR\GRQ
H[SHULHQFHDQG HPHUJLQJDLUOLQHV+HUHHVSHFLDOO\SDVVHQJHUDLUFUDIW QHDU/RQGRQ(QJODQGLQ
PDQ\RIWKHILUVW
SDVVHQJHUVRQ
GHVLJQPDGHUDSLGSURJUHVVDQGLQ%RHLQJ
WKHSUHVWLJLRXV ODXQFKHGWKHWKHZRUOGpVILUVWPRGHUQDLUOLQHU )OLJKWGHFNZLWKDXWRPDWLF
/RQGRQWR3DULV SLORWWRUHGXFHVWUHVVRQ
URXWHZHUH WKHSLORWGXULQJORQJ
$PHULFDQPRYLH IOLJKWVuDYHU\
VWDUVRUVSRUWV DGYDQFHGIHDWXUH
FHOHEULWLHV IRUWKHV

0HWDOVNLQRIWKHSODQHPDGH
VWURQJHQRXJK qVWUHVVHGr 
7+,6,6<285&$37$,1
IRUEUDFLQJZLUHVDQGVWUXWV
WREHXQQHFHVVDU\ :KHQ%ULWDLQpV,QVWRQHVKLSSLQJ
OLQHODXQFKHGDQDLUOLQHLQ
WKHLUSLORWVZRUHWKHEOXHXQLIRUPV
RIDVKLSpVFDSWDLQ7KLVLVQRZ
VWDQGDUGGUHVVIRUDLUOLQHSLORWV

%2(,1*'
7KH%RHLQJ'ZDVRQHRIWKHPRVWDGYDQFHG
SODQHVRILWVWLPH,WKDGVPRRWKPRQRSODQH
ZLQJVDVWUHDPOLQHGDOOPHWDOqVNLQrDQGDQ 3UHVVXUHWXEHIRU
XQGHUFDUULDJHWKDWUHWUDFWHGLQWRWKHZLQJGXULQJ DLUVSHHGLQGLFDWRU
IOLJKW$OOWKLVKHOSHGFXWDHURG\QDPLFGUDJVR
PXFKWKDWWKH'FRXOGIO\DWDOPRVWPSK
NSK uIDVWHUWKDQPRVWILJKWHUSODQHVRIWKH
WLPH3DVVHQJHUVFRXOGEHZKLVNHGULJKWDFURVV
WKH8QLWHG6WDWHVLQOHVVWKDQKRXUV
)URQWYLHZRI
%RHLQJ'

%RHLQJ'LQIOLJKW
ZLWKXQGHUFDUULDJH
UHWUDFWHG


'H+DYLOODQG'UDJRQ

+$5'<75$9(/(56
(DUO\SDVVHQJHUSODQHVZHUHWLQ\LQFRPSDULVRQ
WRWKRVHRIWRGD\7KHGH+DYLOODQG'UDJRQRI
 DERYHDQGULJKW ZDVRQHRIWKHVPDOOHVW
FDUU\LQJRQO\HLJKWSDVVHQJHUV%XWHYHQWKHELJ
%RHLQJ'WRRNRQO\)L[HGURZVRIVHDWV
RQO\EHFDPHVWDQGDUGLQWKHVWKHILUVW
SDVVHQJHUVURGHLQORRVHZLFNHUDUPFKDLUV
(YHQLQWKHVDORQJSODQHMRXUQH\FRXOG
EHTXLWHDQRUGHDO:LWKRXWWKHSUHVVXUL]HG
FDELQVRIWRGD\ S DLUOLQHUVWHQGHGWRIO\ORZ
DQGSDVVHQJHUVZHUHVKDNHQDURXQGDOORYHUWKH
SODFHE\WXUEXOHQFH,IWKH\IOHZKLJKWRDYRLG
WKHZHDWKHUWKHSRRUSDVVHQJHUVPLJKWHQGXUH
ELWWHUFROGDQGDOWLWXGHVLFNQHVV

3DVVHQJHUFDELQRI'H+DYLOODQG'UDJRQ

+LJKO\UHOLDEOHKS
3UDWWDQG:KLWQH\
:DVSDLUFRROHG )/<,1*%2$772(*<37
UDGLDOHQJLQH %LJIO\LQJERDWVHQDEOHGSHRSOH
9DULDEOHSLWFK WRIO\YDVWGLVWDQFHVWRH[RWLF
SURSHOOHUV S  SODFHV7KHLUDELOLW\WRODQGRQ
WRJLYHERWKKLJK ZDWHUZDVYLWDOZKHQDLUSRUWVZHUH
FUXLVLQJVSHHGDQG IHZDQGIDUEHWZHHQPHFKDQLFDO
H[WUDSRZHUIRU EUHDNGRZQZDVDUHDOSRVVLELOLW\
WDNHRII DQGORQJVORZMRXUQH\VKDGWR
EHEURNHQE\RYHUQLJKWVWRSV

7DLOSODQH 0RQRSODQHZLQJJRRG
IRUHFRQRP\DQGVSHHG

$LOHURQ

3RZHUIXOHOHFWULFOLJKW
IRUQLJKWODQGLQJ

,03(5,$/67</(
(OHFWULFUDPV
%ULWLVK+DQGOH\3DJHELSODQHV
WRIROGODQGLQJ
VXFKDVWKLV+HUDFOHVZHUHWKH
JHDUXSLQWR
ELJJHVWDQGPRVWOX[XULRXV
WKHZLQJDIWHU
DLUOLQHUVRIWKHV7KH\ZHUH
WDNHRII
DOVRYHU\VDIHIO\LQJPRUHWKDQ
PLOOLRQPLOHV PLOOLRQNP 
IRU,PSHULDO$LUZD\VZLWKRXWD
IDWDOLW\+RZHYHUWKH\ZHUHVORZ
DQGROGIDVKLRQHGFRPSDUHGWR
WKH$PHULFDQDLUOLQHUV


Jetliner
%,7%<%,7

7ȩȦȫȦȵȢȪȳȭȪȯȦȳKDVWUDQVIRUPHG 0RGHUQMHWOLQHUVDUHEXLOWXSIURP
DQXPEHURIVHFWLRQVDQGEROWHG
ULYHWHGDQGERQGHGWRJHWKHUZLWK
DLUWUDYHOVLQFHWKHV%HIRUHWKHQ VWURQJDGKHVLYH7RNHHS
RQO\WKHZHDOWK\FRXOGDIIRUGWRIO\ WKHQXPEHURIMRLQWV
WRDPLQLPXPDV
7RGD\PLOOLRQVRIRUGLQDU\SHRSOH IHZVHFWLRQVDV
WUDYHOE\DLUHDFK\HDU-HWOLQHUVDUHIDVW SRVVLEOHDUHXVHG

DQGTXLHWFRPSDUHGWRHDUOLHUSODQHV
$50&+$,56,17+(6.<
7KHVPRRWKQHVVRIWKHHQJLQHVORZ 7KH\FDQDOVRIO\KLJKDERYH
FDELQQRLVHDQGKLJKDOWLWXGHIO\LQJ
PDGHMHWOLQHUVYHU\FRPIRUWDEOH
WKHZHDWKHUFDUU\LQJSHRSOH
VPRRWKO\LQFDELQVWKDWDUH
SUHVVXUL]HGWRSURWHFWSDVVHQJHUVIURPWKHUHGXFWLRQ
LQDLUSUHVVXUHDWWKLVKHLJKW,QRXWOLQHWKHMHWVRI
WRGD\ORRNOLWWOHGLIIHUHQWIURPWKRVHRI\HDUVDJR
EXWXQGHUWKHVNLQWKHUHLVDJUHDWGHDORIDGYDQFHG
WHFKQRORJ\6RSKLVWLFDWHGHOHFWURQLFFRQWURODQG
QDYLJDWLRQV\VWHPVKDYHPDGHMHWOLQHUVPXFK
VDIHUWRIO\LQ$LUIUDPHVQRZLQFOXGHOLJKWVWURQJ
)86(/$*(6(&7,21
FDUERQILEHUDQGRWKHUqFRPSRVLWHrPDWHULDOVZKLOH 0RXQWLQJIRU 7KHIXVHODJHWXEHLVWKHVDPHGLDPHWHURYHUPRVWRI
FRPSXWHUDLGHGGHVLJQKDVPDGHZLQJVPRUH ZLQJURRW LWVOHQJWK7KLVPDNHVLWFKHDSDQGHDV\WRFRQVWUXFW
FRQWDLQLQJ EHFDXVHDOOWKHIUDPHVDQGWXEHSLHFHVDUHWKHVDPH
VWUHDPOLQHGUHGXFLQJIXHOFRVWV$QGDGYDQFHG FHQWUDOIXHO VL]HDQGVKDSH,IWKHPDQXIDFWXUHUZDQWVWRPDNH
WXUERIDQHQJLQHVNHHSHQJLQHQRLVHWRDPLQLPXP WDQN WKHSODQHORQJHURUVKRUWHUDOOWKDWKDVWREHGRQH
LVWRDGGRUWDNHDZD\DIXVHODJHVHFWLRQ

&HQWUDOVHFWLRQRI%$HIXVHODJHXQGHUFRQVWUXFWLRQ
-DFNSODFHGLQ *UHHQFKURPDWHEDVHG
WKHXQGHUFDUULDJHUHFHVV DQWLFRUURVLRQWUHDWPHQW
:LQJVNLQPDGHIURPD WRVXSSRUWWKHIXVHODJH SULRUWRSDLQWLQJ
VLQJOHSLHFHRIPHWDOIRU GXULQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ
&DYLW\IRUIXHOWDQN H[WUDVWUHQJWK

7+(:,1*
$VZLQJGHVLJQKDV
LPSURYHGVRWKHZLQJVRIMHWOLQHUVKDYHEHFRPHVOLPPHU
LQFRPSDULVRQWRWKHZLQJVRIROGHUDLUOLQHUV SSt 
7KLVNHHSVGUDJWRDPLQLPXP%HFDXVHWKH\FUXLVHDW
KLJKVSHHGVMHWOLQHUZLQJVDOVRFDUU\DFRPSOLFDWHGDUUD\
RIIODSVDQGDLOHURQVIRUH[WUDOLIWDQGFRQWURODWORZVSHHGV 0RXQWLQJIRULQQHUIODSVRU
IRUWDNHRIIDQGODQGLQJDQGVSRLOHUIODSV DLUEUDNHV  (QJLQH VSRLOHUVWKDWIOLSXSWRVORZ +\GUDXOLF
WRVORZGRZQWKHSODQHTXLFNO\DIWHUODQGLQJ PRXQWLQJS\ORQ GRZQWKHSODQHDIWHUODQGLQJ IODSFRQWUROSLSH


'(+$9,//$1'&20(7
7KH&RPHWWKHZRUOGpVILUVWMHWOLQHUHQWHUHGVHUYLFHLQ
,WKDOYHGLQWHUQDWLRQDOIOLJKWWLPHVEXWHDUO\&RPHWV
ZHUHLQYROYHGLQVRPHWUDJLFDFFLGHQWV2QO\ZLWKWKH
%RHLQJ  DQGWKH'RXJODV'&  
GLGWKHDJHRIMHWWUDYHOUHDOO\EHJLQ

-80%2-(7
:KHQWKHKXJH%RHLQJWKHILUVWZLGHERGLHGMHWHQWHUHG
VHUYLFHLQPDQ\DLUOLQHH[SHUWVZRQGHUHGZKHWKHUHQRXJK
/LJKWDOOR\KRRSIUDPH SDVVHQJHUVFRXOGHYHUEHIRXQGWRIO\LQLW,QIDFWWKHMXPERMHW
PDFKLQHGIURPDVLQJOH DVLWEHFDPHNQRZQKHOSHGWRPDNHDLUWUDYHODIIRUGDEOH
SLHFHRIPHWDOIRU IRUELOOLRQVRISHRSOHIRUWKHILUVWWLPH
VWUHQJWK

%UDFNHWVIRURYHUKHDG
OXJJDJHORFNHUV

6RXQGSURRILQJ
LQVXODWLRQ
%2(,1*
&DOOHGWKH'UHDPOLQHUWKH
%RHLQJZDVGXHWRHQWHU
VHUYLFHLQ,WKDGD $OXPLQXP
UHYROXWLRQDU\QHZGHVLJQWKDW DOOR\VNLQ
XVHGOLJKWZHLJKWFDUERQILEHU
IRUODUJHSDUWVRIWKHPDLQ
VWUXFWXUH7KHLQWHQWLRQZDV
WRUHGXFHZHLJKWDQGPDNH
LWWKHPRVWIXHOHIILFLHQW ,16,'(7+()86(/$*(
DLUOLQHURQWKHPDUNHW 7KHVWUXFWXUHRID
MHWOLQHUQHHGVWREH
LPPHQVHO\VWURQJWR
ZLWKVWDQGWKHVWUHVVHV
3DVVHQJHU RIKLJKVSHHGIOLJKW
FRPSDUWPHQWIORRU DQGWKHFRQVWDQW
VWUDLQRISUHVVXUL]DWLRQ
DQGGHSUHVVXUL]DWLRQ
(OHFWULF $Q\ZHDNQHVVHVFRXOG
FRQWUROZLUHV EHGLVDVWURXV6RWKH
VWUHQJWKDQGGXUDELOLW\
RIHYHU\OLWWOHVHFWLRQLV
FDUHIXOO\DVVHVVHGuDKXJH
+\GUDXOLF
WDVNWKDWRQFHLQYROYHGVFRUHV
FRQWUROSLSHV
RIHQJLQHHUVFDOOHGVWUHVVPHQEXW
ZKLFKLVQRZGRQHE\FRPSXWHUV
<HWVWUHQJWKDORQHLVQRWHQRXJK
6WULQJHUVERQGHG 7KHVWUXFWXUHPXVWEHOLJKWWRRZKLFK
DORQJWKHIXVHODJH LVZK\DOXPLQXPDOOR\LVXVHGH[WHQVLYHO\
VNLQIRUH[WUDVWUHQJWK 7KHUHDUHKRRSIUDPHVDQGVWULQJHUVDOOWKH
ZD\GRZQWKHLQVLGHRIWKHIXVHODJHEXWWKHVH
DUHVPDOODQGPXFKRIWKHIXVHODJHpVVWUHQJWKFRPHV
/XJJDJH IURPWKHPHWDOWXEHWKDWIRUPVLWVVNLQ7KLVPDNHV
KROG WKHVWUXFWXUHERWKOLJKWDQGVWURQJ
,QVLGHDIXVHODJHVHFWLRQRIWKH%$H

0RXQWLQJSRLQWIRUODUJH $LOHURQ
IODSVWKDWH[WHQGRXWDQG
0RXQWLQJIRUUROO GRZQEHKLQGWKHZLQJ
VSRLOHUIODSZKLFK IRUORZVSHHGIOLJKW
5HDUYLHZRIWKHULJKW VWDELOL]HVWKHSODQH
ZLQJRIWKH%$H GXULQJEDQNLQJ
XQGHUFRQVWUXFWLRQ &203/(7('-(7/,1(5
7KH%$HZDVDPHGLXPVL]HGMHWOLQHU,WZDV
RQHRIWKH8.pVPRVWVXFFHVVIXOFLYLOGHVLJQVZLWK
PRUHWKDQEHLQJEXLOWEHWZHHQDQG


Jet propulsion
7ȩȦȣȪȳȵȩȰȧȵȩȦȫȦȵȦȯȨȪȯȦLQWKH
ODWHVPDUNHGDUHYROXWLRQLQ
%5($.,1*
DYLDWLRQ6RPHSLVWRQHQJLQHGSODQHV 7+(6281'%$55,(5
ZHUHYHU\KLJKO\WXQHGDQGZHUHIO\LQJDW ,QLQWKHVSHFLDOO\EXLOW%HOO;
URFNHWSODQHWHVWSLORW&KXFN<HDJHU
VSHHGVLQH[FHVVRIPSK NSK uEXW VXFFHHGHGLQIO\LQJIDVWHUWKDQWKHVSHHG
RQO\E\EXUQLQJDJUHDWGHDORIIXHO-HWHQJLQHVPDGH RIVRXQGuDERXWPSK NSK 

VSHHGVOLNHWKLVVRHDV\WRDFKLHYHWKDWE\WKHHDUO\
VHYHQELJDLUOLQHUVRQVFKHGXOHGVHUYLFHVZHUH Turbine power
IO\LQJIDVWHUuDQGVRPHPLOLWDU\MHWVFRXOGVWUHDN -HWHQJLQHVVKRXOGUHDOO\EH
3,21((5-(7 DORQJDWPSK NSK PRUHWKDQWZLFH FDOOHGJDVWXUELQHV/LNHSLVWRQ
7KHILUVWSURWRW\SHMHW
HQJLQHVZHUHEXLOWDW
WKHVSHHGRIVRXQG1RZDOPRVWDOODLUOLQHUVPRVW HQJLQHVWKHLUSRZHUFRPHVIURP
PLOLWDU\SODQHVDQGPDQ\VPDOOEXVLQHVVSODQHV EXUQLQJIXHO7KHGLIIHUHQFHLV
WKHVDPHWLPHE\+DQV
WKDWWKH\EXUQIXHOFRQWLQXRXVO\
YRQ2KDLQLQ*HUPDQ\
DQG)UDQN:KLWWOHLQ
H[HFXWLYHMHWV DUHSRZHUHGE\RQHRIWKHVHYHUDO WRVSLQWKHEODGHVRIDWXUELQH
%ULWDLQuDOWKRXJK GLIIHUHQWNLQGVRIMHWHQJLQH:LWKWKHH[FHSWLRQRIWKH UDWKHUWKDQLQWHUPLWWHQWO\WR
QHLWKHUNQHZRIWKH SXVKRQDSLVWRQ,QDWXUERMHW
RWKHUpVZRUN:KLWWOHpV
&RQFRUGH VHHRSSRVLWH VXSHUVRQLFIOLJKWKDVSURYHG
WKHWXUELQHVLPSO\WXUQVWKH
HQJLQHZDVILUVWXVHG WRRQRLV\DQGH[SHQVLYHIRUDLUOLQHUVEXWMHWHQJLQH FRPSUHVVRU,QDWXUERIDQLW
LQWKH*ORVWHU(
RI DERYH  WHFKQRORJ\LVVWLOOPDNLQJVWHDG\SURJUHVV GULYHVWKHELJIDQDWWKHIURQW
(QWUDQFHWR
)XHOVSUD\HGLQWR HQJLQHFRUH RIWKHHQJLQHDVZHOO
5RWDWLQJFRPSUHVVRU FRPSUHVVHGDLUEXUQV 7XUELQHGULYHQ
EODGHVGUDZLQDLUDQG FRQWLQXRXVO\ DURXQGE\KRWJDVHV
VTXHH]HLW

+LJKVSHHG
785%2-(7
VWUHDPRIKRW
7KHVLPSOHVWMHWVFDOOHGWXUERMHWVZRUNE\SXVKLQJRXWD H[KDXVWJDVHV
MHWRIKRWH[KDXVWJDV7KHUHDFWLRQIURPWKLVPDVVRIDLU WKUXVWVSODQH
PRYLQJUHDUZDUGDWVSHHGWKUXVWVWKHSODQHIRUZDUG IRUZDUG
OLNHDGHIODWLQJEDOORRQ,QWXUERIDQMHWVWKHKRWJDVMHWLV
FRPELQHGZLWKWKHEDFNGUDIWIURPDPXOWLEODGHGIDQZKLOH
LQWXUERSURSVWKHSODQHLVGULYHQE\DSURSHOOHUDORQH

&ROGVWUHDP *LDQWIDQGULYHVVRPH (QJLQHFRUHGULYHVWKH


DLULQWRWKHHQJLQHFRUH WXUELQHDQGSURYLGHV
DQGE\SDVVHVVRPH DOLWWOHH[WUDWKUXVW
DURXQGLW

+RWVWUHDP

785%2)$1
7KHKLJKVSHHGH[KDXVWVWUHDP
RIDWXUERMHWLVILQHIRUXOWUDIDVW
7KHVWUHDPRIDLU PLOLWDU\SODQHV7KH&RQFRUGHDOVR
E\SDVVLQJWKHHQJLQH XVHGWXUERMHWVEXWDLUOLQHUVWRGD\
FRUHSURYLGHVPRVWRI ([WHUQDOJHDUER[WR
KDYHTXLHWHUFKHDSHUWRUXQ GULYHWKHK\GUDXOLF
WKHWKUXVW WXUERIDQV,QWKHVHDLUGULYHQE\ 5ROOV5R\FH7D\
DWORZVSHHGV WXUERIDQHQJLQHZLWK SXPSDQGJHQHUDWRU
DKXJHIDQVSXQE\H[WUDWXUELQHV
E\SDVVHVWKHHQJLQHFRUHJLYLQJD SDQHOVFXWDZD\
KXJHERRVWLQWKUXVWDWORZVSHHGV


([LWIRUKRW
)URQWYLHZRI 5HDUYLHZRI VWUHDPIURP
5ROOV5R\FH7D\ 5ROOV5R\FH7D\ HQJLQHFRUH

7LWDQLXPIDQ
EODGHV

([LWIRUFROG
VWUHDPE\SDVV

([KDXVW
QR]]OHV

32:(5)$1 %/2:,1*+27$1'&2/'
$PRGHUQWXUERIDQHQJLQHRZHVPXFKRILWVLPPHQVH &RPEXVWLRQ 0RVWRIWKHWXUERIDQpVSURSXOVLYHSRZHULV
SRZHUWRWKHJLDQWIDQDWWKHIURQWDQGWKHGHVLJQRI FKDPEHUZKHUH SURYLGHGE\WKHFROGVWUHDPRIDLUWKDWUXVKHV
WKHIDQEODGHVKDVDFULWLFDOHIIHFWRQIXHOHFRQRP\ IXHOVSUD\EXUQV WKURXJKWKHE\SDVVGXFW7KHIDVWHUKRWVWUHDP
,QWKH5ROOV5R\FH7D\WKHIDQSXVKHVPRUHWKDQWKUHH FRQWLQXRXVO\LQ JDVIURPWKHHQJLQHVKRRWVRXWWKURXJKWKH
WLPHVDVPXFKDLUWKURXJKWKHE\SDVVGXFWWRSURYLGH WKHFRPSUHVVHGDLU OREHGH[KDXVWQR]]OHV7KHOREHVKHOSPL[WKH
SURSXOVLRQDVWKURXJKWKHHQJLQHFRUH,QHDUOLHU KRWDQGFROGVWUHDPVTXLFNO\DQGUHGXFHQRLVH
WXUERIDQVWKHSURSRUWLRQVZHUHDERXWHTXDO

%\SDVVFDVLQJPDGHRI
FDUERQILEHUDQGSODVWLF
KRQH\FRPEIRUOLJKWQHVV
DQGVRXQGLQVXODWLRQ

7XUELQHVPDGH
RIH[RWLFPHWDO
DOOR\VWRHQGXUH
UXQQLQJYHU\KRW
DOOWKHWLPH

%(<21'6281'
7KHRQO\VXFFHVVIXO
VXSHUVRQLFDLUOLQHU
WKH&RQFRUGHZDVLQ
VHUYLFHIURP
XQWLO,WIOHZ
WKH$WODQWLFDW
WZLFHWKHVSHHGRI
FRQYHQWLRQDOMHWV
+RZHYHULWV
WXUERMHWHQJLQHV
SURYHGYHU\QRLV\
DQGLWVIO\LQJFRVWV
ZHUHH[WUHPHO\KLJK

5RZVRIURWDWLQJ 7KH
FRPSUHVVRUEODGHVGULYH &RQFRUGH
DLUWKURXJKWKHHQJLQH
FRPSUHVVLQJWKHDLUDV
LWSDVVHVWKURXJK


Landing gear
7 ȩȦȧȪȳȴȵȢȪȳȱȭȢȯȦȴODQGHGRQZKHHOVERUURZHGIURP
PRWRUF\FOHVDQGFDUVPRXQWHGRQZRRGHQRUPHWDOVWUXWV
7KHVHZKHHOVGLGWKHMREEXWWKHVKRFNRIDSRRUODQGLQJ
ZDVRIWHQHQRXJKWRPDNHWKHVWUXWVFROODSVH6RRQWKH
XQGHUFDUULDJHDVLWEHFDPHNQRZQZDVJLYHQEDVLFVSULQJVWR
FXVKLRQWKHEORZDQGVSHFLDODYLDWLRQZKHHOVZHUHGHVLJQHG /$1',1*21:$7(5
$VSODQHVJUHZKHDYLHUDQGODQGLQJDQGWDNHRIIVSHHGVURVH ,QWKHGD\VZKHQJRRGODQGLQJVWULSVZHUHIHZDQG
IDUEHWZHHQLWPDGHVHQVHWRODQGRQZDWHU2Q
ZRRGHQVWUXWVDQGZLUHZKHHOVJDYHZD\WRSUHVVHGVWHHO VHDSODQHVDVWHSWZRWKLUGVDORQJWKHXQGHUVLGHRI
ZKHHOVDQGVWURQJIOXLGGDPSHGODQGLQJOHJV:KHHOVZHUH WKHIORDWKHOSHGLWVNLPRYHUWKHZDWHUpVVXUIDFHOLNH
DVSHHGERDW7KLVUHGXFHGZDWHUGUDJHQRXJKIRU
DOVRPRXQWHGIDUWKHUDSDUWRQWKHZLQJVIRUH[WUDVWDELOLW\ WKHDLUFUDIWWRUHDFKWDNHRIIVSHHG
)URPWKHVRQZKHHOVRQDOOEXWWKHVPDOOHVWVORZHVW
SODQHVZHUHIROGHGXSLQWRWKHZLQJVLQIOLJKWWRUHGXFHDLU
UHVLVWDQFH:LWKWKHFRPLQJRIWKHMHWDJHDIWHU:RUOG:DU,,
WKHGHPDQGVRQODQGLQJJHDULQFUHDVHGVWLOOIXUWKHU,WZDVRQ
MHWOLQHUODQGLQJJHDUWKDWLQQRYDWLRQVODWHUDGRSWHGRQFDUV
VXFKDVGLVFDQGDQWLORFNEUDNHVZHUHILUVWWULHG0RGHUQ
MHWOLQHUXQGHUFDUULDJHVDUHKLJKO\VRSKLVWLFDWHGSLHFHVRI
PDFKLQHU\ZLWKHODERUDWHVXVSHQVLRQDQGEUDNLQJV\VWHPV
7KH\DUHGHVLJQHGWRVXSSRUWDWRQSODQHODQGLQJ
DWPSK NSK RUPRUHDQGWR
EULQJLWTXLFNO\DQG
VDIHO\WRDKDOW

/,*+7/<632.('
7KHUHZHUHQREUDNHVRQWKLVZKHHOIURPD
SUH:RUOG:DU,SODQH%HFDXVHRIWKLVLWGLG
QRWQHHGHODERUDWHFULVVFURVVHGVSRNHVWR
UHVLVWEUDNLQJIRUFHV

:RRGHQ
ODQGLQJ 6NLGWRNHHS
VWUXW WKHSODQHIURP
WLSSLQJIRUZDUG
6KRFN
ZKHQODQGLQJRQ
DEVRUEHUVRI
VRIWJURXQG
HODVWLFDWHGUXEEHU

&20,1*'2:1*(17/<
7KH'HSHUGXVVLQFDPH
GRZQVROLJKWO\DQGVORZO\WKDW
63581*7$,/ʜ6.,' HODVWLFDWHGUXEEHUVWUDSVPDGHIDLUO\
7KHUHDUHQGVRIWKH HIIHFWLYHODQGLQJVSULQJV&XUYHG
SLRQHHUVpSODQHVZHUHVR VNLGVRQWKHIURQWKHOSHGWRVWRS
OLJKWWKDWWKHUHZDVQR WKHSODQHIURPSLWFKLQJIRUZDUG
QHHGIRUDZKHHODVLPSOH ZKHQODQGLQJRQVRIWJURXQGuD
VNLGZDVVXIILFLHQW FRPPRQKD]DUGLQWKHHDUO\GD\V


/$1',1*/,*+7
$VODQGLQJVSHHGVURVHVKDUSO\ZLWK
WKHFRPLQJRIMHWVLQWKHVHYHU
ORQJHUSDYHGUXQZD\VKDGWREHEXLOWIRU
MHWOLQHUVWRODQGVDIHO\%LJJHUDLUFUDIWDOVR 83$1'81'(5
VZLWFKHGIURPVLQJOHZKHHOWRPXOWLZKHHO ,QWKHELGIRUVSHHG:RUOG:DU,,ILJKWHUV
ERJLH ODQGLQJOHJV%RJLHVZHUHQRWRQO\ VXFKDVWKH6SLWILUH DERYH SLRQHHUHG
VPDOOHUDQGOLJKWHUEXWDOVRVSUHDGWKHODQGLQJ VLPSOHPHFKDQLVPVIRUIROGLQJWKHZKHHOV
ORDGRYHUDZLGHUDUHDDQGUHGXFHGWKHGDQJHU ULJKWXSLQWRWKHZLQJV
IURPDEXUVWWLUH$WWKHVDPHWLPHPRVWSODQHV GXULQJIOLJKW
DFTXLUHGZKHHOVXQGHUWKHQRVH1RVHZKHHOV
PHDQWWKDWSODQHVFRXOGODQGOHYHODQGLQHIIHFW
GULYHRQWRWKHUXQZD\OLNHDFDU%HIRUHQRVH
ZKHHOVSLORWVKDGWRVNLOOIXOO\VWDOOWKHSODQHMXVW
DERYHWKHJURXQGOHWWLQJWKHPDLQDQGWDLOZKHHOV
GURSRQWRWKHUXQZD\DWWKHVDPHWLPH

+\GUDXOLF
GLVFEUDNHSLSHV

63,7),5(:+((/
q/LTXLGr /LJKWDQGUREXVWFDVWDOOR\ZKHHOV
VSULQJDQG QRZFRPPRQRQFDUVZHUHXVHGRQ
VKRFN DLUFUDIWOLNHWKH6SLWILUHPDQ\\HDUV
DEVRUEHUWR EHIRUHWKH\ZHUHWULHGRQFDUV
DEVRUEPDLQ
ODQGLQJ
VKRFNV +\GUDXOLFUDPVOLGHV
XSLQVLGHPDLQOHJWR
DEVRUEODQGLQJVKRFNV

$X[LOLDU\ 6ZLYHOMRLQWVWR
VKRFN DOORZIRUVSULQJ
DEVRUEHU FRPSUHVVLRQ
67((/:+((/
3UHVVHGVWHHOZKHHOV
SURYLGHGWKHH[WUDVWUHQJWKQHHGHGIRUWKH
IDVWHUKHDYLHUSODQHVRIWKHV7KLVRQHLV %RJLHZLWKIRXU
IURPD+DZNHU+DUWVLPLODUWRWKDWRQSDJH WZLQWLUHG
ZKHHOV
7:2%,*:+((/6
7KHELJPRQRSODQHDLUOLQHUVDQGERPEHUVRIWKH
VDQGVKDGDKXJHUHWUDFWLQJZKHHORQ 7LUHVGHVLJQHGWR
HDFKZLQJ2QWKLVV$UPVWURQJ:KLWZRUWK VWDQGHQRUPRXV
DLUOLQHUWKHUHDUODQGLQJOHJIROGHGLQWKHPLGGOH ORDGVDQGKXJH
VRWKDWDK\GUDXOLFMDFNFRXOGOLIWWKHZKHHOEDFN KHDWEXLOGXSRQ
XSLQWRWKHHQJLQHKRXVLQJLQIOLJKW ODQGLQJ

/DQGLQJOHJIURP
V$YUR9XOFDQERPEHU


Controlling the plane
$ ȤȢȳȰȳȢȣȰȢȵFDQRQO\EHVWHHUHGWRWKHOHIW
RUULJKWEXWDQDLUSODQHFDQEHFRQWUROOHGLQWKUHH
GLPHQVLRQV,WFDQSLWFKQRVHXSRUQRVHGRZQWRFOLPE &21752/&2/801
$VHDUO\DV%OÆULRW
RUGLYH,WFDQUROOIURPVLGHWRVLGHGLSSLQJRQHZLQJ DQGRWKHU)UHQFKSLRQHHUVGHYLVHG
RUWKHRWKHU$QGLWFDQ\DZWRWKHOHIWRU DVLQJOHOHYHURUOHYHUDQGZKHHOWR
FRQWUROSLWFKDQGUROO7KLVRSHUDWHV
7+(67$//
WRWKHULJKWOLNHDFDUVWHHULQJ)RU WKHDLOHURQVRQWKHZLQJVDQGWKH
HOHYDWRUVRQWKHWDLOSODQHYLDFDEOHV
,IDSODQH PDQ\LQIOLJKWPDQHXYHUVWKHSLORW
IOLHVWRR KDVWRXVHQRWMXVWRQHFRQWUROEXW
VORZO\DLUIORZ 58''(5%$5
RYHUWKHZLQJVPD\QRW DOOWKUHHVLPXOWDQHRXVO\uZKLFKLV <DZLVFRQWUROOHGE\
JLYHHQRXJKOLIW,WWKHQ SXVKLQJRQWKHUXGGHU
VWDOOVSLWFKLQJGRZQZDUG
ZK\IO\LQJGHPDQGVJRRGFRRUGLQDWLRQ EDUZLWKHLWKHUWKHOHIWRU
DQGPD\JRLQWRDVSLQ ,QGHHGDOOWKHWLPHWKHSODQHLVLQWKHDLUWKH WKHULJKWIRRWWRVZLQJWKH
:LWKHQRXJKKHLJKW UXGGHUOHIWRUULJKW
DVNLOOHGSLORW SLORWPXVWFRQVWDQWO\WULPWKHFRQWUROVVLPSO\WR
FDQXVXDOO\ NHHSWKHSODQHIO\LQJVWUDLJKWDQGOHYHOuIRUHYHQ
UHJDLQFRQWURO
RQWKHFDOPHVWGD\WKHUHLVDLUWXUEXOHQFHWRWLS
LWRIIEDODQFH'HYLFHVFDOOHGDXWRPDWLFSLORWV
FRPSHQVDWHIRUVXFKXSVHWVDQGPDNH
OLIHIRUWKHSLORWPXFKHDVLHU

3,7&+,1*83
1RVH
FRPHVXS 3XOOLQJWKHFRQWUROFROXPQ
EDFNUDLVHVWKHHOHYDWRUV,IWKHDLUFUDIWLV
IO\LQJOHYHOWKHQRVHULVHVDQGWKHSODQH
SLWFKHVXSZDUG6LQFHWKHZLQJQRZ
0DLQZLQJPHHWVWKHDLU PHHWVWKHDLUDWDJUHDWHUDQJOHJLYLQJ
DWDVKDUSHUDQJOH PRUHOLIWLWZLOOVWDUWWRFOLPELIWKH
LQFUHDVLQJOLIW HQJLQHSRZHULVLQFUHDVHG
(OHYDWRUVUDLVHG
SXVKLQJGRZQWKHWDLO

(OHYDWRUVIODW
NHHSLQJWKH
SODQHOHYHO

/(9(/)/,*+7
,QOHYHOIOLJKWWKHWDLOKHOSVWRNHHSWKHSODQH
VWHDG\OLNHWKHIOLJKWVRQDGDUW,IWKHDLUFUDIW
(OHYDWRUV
LVSLWFKHGXSRUGRZQE\WXUEXOHQFHWKH
ORZHUHG
WDLOSODQHKHOSVWRNHHSLWOHYHO
LQFUHDVLQJ
WDLOOLIW

1RVHGLSV

3,7&+,1*'2:1
/RZHULQJWKHHOHYDWRUVE\SXVKLQJWKHFRQWURO
FROXPQIRUZDUGPDNHVWKHWDLOSODQHOLIW7KLV
0DLQZLQJPHHWVWKHDLU SLWFKHVWKHQRVHGRZQZDUGDQGWKHDLUFUDIWZLOO
DWDVKDOORZHUDQJOH JDWKHUVSHHGDVLWGHVFHQGV7RNHHSVSHHGGRZQ
UHGXFLQJOLIWDQGGUDJ IRUDQRUPDOODQGLQJWKHSLORWWKURWWOHVEDFNDW
WKHVDPHWLPHWRUHGXFHSRZHU


52//,1*/()7
7RUROOWRWKHOHIWWKHSLORWSXVKHVWKHFRQWURO
FROXPQRYHUWRWKHOHIW7KLVUDLVHVWKH
DLOHURQRQWKHOHIWZLQJUHGXFLQJOLIW
DQGORZHUVWKHDLOHURQRQWKHULJKW
ZLQJLQFUHDVLQJOLIW
5LJKWDLOHURQ
/HIWDLOHURQUDLVHG ORZHUHGLQFUHDVLQJ
UHGXFLQJOLIWRQ OLIWRQULJKWZLQJ
OHIWZLQJ

52//,1*5,*+7
7RUROOWRWKHULJKWWKHSLORWSXVKHVWKH
FRQWUROFROXPQWRWKHULJKWUDLVLQJWKH
ULJKWDLOHURQDQGORZHULQJWKHOHIWDLOHURQ
,IWKHDLOHURQVDUHNHSWGHIOHFWHGWKH
SODQHZLOOUROOIDUWKHUDQGIDUWKHUDQG
HYHQWXDOO\UROODOOWKHZD\RYHU6R
RQFHWKHSODQHLVUROOHGDWWKHULJKW
DQJOHWKHSLORWPXVW
/HIWDLOHURQ VWUDLJKWHQWKH
ORZHUHGLQFUHDVLQJ FROXPQDJDLQ
OLIWRQOHIWZLQJ

7851,1*/()7
:KLOHPRYLQJRQWKHJURXQGSXVKLQJZLWKWKHOHIWIRRWRQ
WKHUXGGHUEDUZLOOVZLQJWKHUXGGHURYHUWRWKHOHIWDQGPDNH
WKHSODQH\DZDURXQGWKHVDPHZD\%XWDSODQHFDQQRWEH 5LJKWDLOHURQUDLVHG
WXUQHGOLNHWKLVLQWKHDLU,QVWHDGLWKDVWREHEDQNHG UHGXFLQJOLIWRQ
DURXQGuOLNHFRUQHULQJRQDELF\FOH7RPDNHD 5XGGHUVZXQJOHIW ULJKWZLQJ
EDQNHGWXUQWKHSLORWKDVWR\DZDQGUROOWKHSODQH \DZLQJWKHSODQHWR
DWWKHVDPHWLPH%DQNLQJIRUDOHIWWXUQPHDQV WKHOHIW
SXVKLQJWKHFRQWUROFROXPQWR
WKHOHIWZKLOHSUHVVLQJRQWKH
UXGGHUZLWKWKHOHIWIRRW

7851,1*5,*+7
%DQNLQJIRUDULJKWWXUQ
PHDQVSUHVVLQJRQWKH
UXGGHUEDUZLWKWKH
ULJKWIRRWZKLOH
5XGGHUVZXQJ SXVKLQJWKHFRQWUROFROXPQ
ULJKW\DZLQJWKH RYHUWRWKHULJKWDWWKHVDPH
SODQHWRWKHULJKW WLPH%DODQFLQJWKHUXGGHUDQG
FRQWUROFROXPQPRYHPHQWWR
DFKLHYHMXVWWKHULJKWEDQNDQJOH
UHTXLUHVVNLOODQGH[SHULHQFH

$(5,$/7:,676
$OPRVWIURPWKHILUVWSLORWVVWDUWHG
WU\LQJQHZPDQHXYHUVDQGLQPDQ\
DLUIRUFHVDHUREDWLFVLVSDUWRIURXWLQH
WUDLQLQJ,QWKHVqIO\LQJFLUFXVHVr
WKULOOHGDXGLHQFHVDOORYHUWKH
ZRUOGZLWKWKHLUEUHDWKWDNLQJ
DHUREDWLFGLVSOD\VLQ
DJLOHELSODQHV


&RQWUROZKHHOSLYRWHG

In the cockpit EDFNZDUGDQGIRUZDUG


IRUGLYLQJDQGFOLPELQJ
MXVWOLNHDFRQWUROVWLFN

&ȭȰȴȦȥȪȯȤȰȤȬȱȪȵȴKDGWRDZDLW
WKHGHYHORSPHQWRIVDIHW\JODVV
LQWKHODWHV8SXQWLOWKHQ
SLORWVVDWLQWKHRSHQH[SRVHG
WRKRZOLQJZLQGVIUHH]LQJFROG
DQGGDPSuZLWKQRWKLQJPRUH
WRSURWHFWWKHPWKDQDWLQ\
ZLQGVKLHOGDQGZDUPFORWKHV
1DWXUDOO\FRPIRUWZDVDORZ
SULRULW\LQWKHVHRSHQFRFNSLWVDQGWKH\ZHUHYHU\EDVLFDQG
IXQFWLRQDOLQDSSHDUDQFH7KHUHZHUHIHZLQVWUXPHQWVDQG
HQJLQHJDXJHVZHUHMXVWDVRIWHQRQWKHHQJLQHLWVHOIDVLQ
WKHFRFNSLW7KHOD\RXWRIWKHPDLQIOLJKWFRQWUROVEHFDPH
HVWDEOLVKHGIDLUO\HDUO\RQZLWKDUXGGHUEDUDWWKH
SLORWpVIHHWIRUWXUQLQJDQGDFRQWUROFROXPQNQRZQ
DVDMR\VWLFNEHWZHHQWKHNQHHVIRUGLYLQJFOLPELQJ '(3(5'866,1
DQGEDQNLQJ6RPHHDUO\SODQHVKDGDZKHHOUDWKHUWKDQ 7KHFRFNSLWVRIWKHHDUOLHVWSODQHVZHUHYHU\
VLPSOHIRUWKH\KDGQRLQVWUXPHQWV:LWK
DMR\VWLFNEXWLWVHUYHGWKHVDPHSXUSRVH7KLVEDVLFOD\RXW DODUJHIXHOWDQNREVFXULQJWKHYLHZDKHDG
LVVWLOOXVHGLQOLJKWSODQHVWRGD\ WKHSLORWKDGWROHDQRXWRIWKHFRFNSLW
FRQVWDQWO\WRFKHFNDOWLWXGHDQGSLWFK
&ORFN
$OWLPHWHUWR
9,&.(569,0< VKRZKHLJKW
7KH9LP\ZDVGHVLJQHGWRZDUGWKH
HQGRI:RUOG:DU,IRUORQJUDQJH
%ULWLVKERPELQJUDLGVRYHULQGXVWULDO
WDUJHWVLQ*HUPDQ\DQGWKHFRFNSLW
ZDVODLGRXWDFFRUGLQJO\ZLWKWZR
VHDWVuRQHIRUWKHSLORWDQGRQH
IRUWKHREVHUYHU7KHSLORWKDG
WRUHDGHQJLQHVSHHGDQG
RLOSUHVVXUHIURPJDXJHV
$7/$17,&)/,*+7DERYH
PRXQWHGRQWKHHQJLQHV
7KH9LP\ZDVWKHSODQHLQZKLFK-RKQ$OFRFN
WKHPVHOYHV
DQG$UWKXU%URZQPDGHWKHILUVWQRQVWRS
IOLJKWRYHUWKH$WODQWLFRQ-XQHt
+DQGZRXQG HQGXULQJKRXUVRIIUHH]LQJ
PDJQHWWR IRJDQGGUL]]OHLQDQRSHQFRFNSLW
SURYLGH
HOHFWULF ,QFOLQRPHWHUVWRVKRZ
FXUUHQWIRU EDQNDQGSLWFK
VWDUWLQJ

,QVWUXPHQW &RPSDVV
OLJKW
VZLWFKHV (QJLQHUDGLDWRU
VKXWWHUFRQWURO

5XGGHUEDU

&RQWUROZKHHO
WXUQHGWREDQN
OHIWRUULJKW

(QJLQHWKURWWOH
DQGIXHOPL[WXUH
FRQWURO


7,*(5027+ 1RWLFHVD\LQJ
%\WKHVWKHMR\VWLFNKDGEHFRPH q$HUREDWLF
WKHVWDQGDUGIRUPRIFRQWURODQGHYHQ PDQHXYHUV
WKHVLPSOHVWSODQHVVXFKDVWKLV'H 7XUQ 6PDOO PD\EH (QJLQHUHY
+DYLOODQG7LJHU0RWKKDGDUDQJHRI LQGLFDWRU ZLQGVKLHOG SHUIRUPHGr FRXQWHU
EDVLFLQVWUXPHQWVuDLUVSHHGLQGLFDWRU
DOWLPHWHUWXUQLQGLFDWRUFRPSDVV
HQJLQHUHYFRXQWHUDQGRLOSUHVVXUH
JDXJH%XWWKHUHZDVVWLOOQR
DUWLILFLDOKRUL]RQWRKHOSWKHSLORW
NHHSWKHSODQHOHYHOVRWKHSODQH
FRXOGRQO\EHIORZQLQFOHDU
ZHDWKHUZKHQWKHKRUL]RQZDV
YLVLEOH7KHZKROHFRFNSLW
ZDVIXQFWLRQDODQGEDVLFZLWK
QRQHRIWKHFRPIRUWVVXFKDV
FDUSHWVPROGHGVHDWVDQG 6.<7,*(5
KHDWHUVWKDWOLJKWSODQHV 7KHGH+DYLOODQG
XVXDOO\KDYHWRGD\ 7LJHU0RWKELSODQHZDV
RQHRIWKHPRVWSRSXODU
&RPSDVV RIDOOOLJKWSODQHVLQWKH
V6LPSOHDQGUHOLDEOH
LWZDVXVHGIRUHYHU\WKLQJ
IURPFURSVSUD\LQJDQG
$LUVSHHG
WUDLQLQJWRGDULQJ
LQGLFDWRU
DHUREDWLFGLVSOD\V

$OWLPHWHU
1RWLFHUHPLQGLQJWKH
-R\VWLFN SLORWWKDWWKHSODQH
FDQFUXLVHDWPSK
NSK EXWZLOO
/HYHUWRFORVH VWDOOLIWKHSODQH
ODQGLQJWDNHRII IOLHVVORZHUWKDQ
VODWVRQWKHZLQJ PSK NSK
GXULQJDHUREDWLF
PDQHXYHUV

(QJLQHRLO
SUHVVXUH
JDXJH

5XGGHU
EDU

7KURWWOH
On the flight deck
7 ȩȦȧȭȪȨȩȵȥȦȤȬȰȧȢȮȰȥȦȳȯȫȦȵȭȪȯȦȳORRNV
GDXQWLQJO\FRPSOLFDWHGZLWKLWVDUUD\RIVZLWFKHVDQG
HOHFWURQLFGLVSOD\VIRUWKLQJVVXFKDVHQJLQHFRQGLWLRQ
K\GUDXOLFVDQGQDYLJDWLRQDODLGVQRWWRPHQWLRQWKH
EDVLFIOLJKWFRQWUROV7RGD\FRPSXWHUVKDYHWDNHQRYHU 1DYLJDWLRQGLVSOD\
PRGHVHOHFWRU
PDQ\IXQFWLRQVDQGWKHGLDOVRIROGHUDLUFUDIWKDYH 0DFK DLUVSHHG VHOHFWRU
ODUJHO\EHHQUHSODFHGE\QHDWVFUHHQVRQZKLFKWKH
SLORWFDQFKDQJHWKHGDWDGLVSOD\HGZLWK
WKHIOLFNRIDVZLWFK

1DYLJDWLRQDOGLVSOD\
LQSODQPRGH

3ULPDU\IOLJKW
GLVSOD\

)OLJKWGHFN
VLPXODWRURIDQ
$LUEXV$
MHWOLQHU

6WDQGE\DLUVSHHGLQGLFDWRU

6WDQGE\DOWLPHWHU

6WDQGE\DUWLILFLDOKRUL]RQ

'LJLWDOGLVWDQFHDQGUDGLR
PDJQHWLFLQGLFDWRU ''50,

6\VWHPVGDWDGLVSOD\

Glass cockpit
0RVWRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLQWKLVFRFNSLW
FRPHVXSRQVFUHHQVQRWGLDOVZKLFKLV
ZK\LWLVNQRZQDVDJODVVFRFNSLW7KHWZR
PRVWLPSRUWDQWVFUHHQVDUHWKHSULPDU\
IOLJKWGLVSOD\ ZKLFKVLPXOWDQHRXVO\VKRZV
GDWDIURPDOOWKHIOLJKWLQVWUXPHQWV DQGWKH
QDYLJDWLRQDOGLVSOD\ ZKLFKFRPELQHVWKH
IXQFWLRQVRIFRPSDVVUDGDUVFUHHQDQGPDS  &DSWDLQpVVLGH


02'(51&2&.3,76
7KHFRFNSLWVRIPRGHUQDLUFUDIWFRQWDLQPDQ\
2YHUKHDG GDWDGLVSOD\LQVWUXPHQWVDVZHOODVDLUFUDIWFRQWUROV
SDQHO /LNHDOOPRGHUQDLUFUDIWWKLVFRFNSLWKDVHQJLQH
LQVWUXPHQWV ZKLFKLQGLFDWHGDWDVXFKDVIXHOOHYHOVDQG
SRZHU DQGIOLJKWLQVWUXPHQWV7KHUHDUHIRXUPDLQIOLJKW
LQVWUXPHQWVuWKHDLUVSHHGLQGLFDWRUWKHDOWLPHWHUWKH
DUWLILFLDOKRUL]RQDQGWKHGLUHFWLRQDOJ\UR0DQ\DLUFUDIW
KDYHWZRDGGLWLRQDOIOLJKWLQVWUXPHQWVuDWXUQDQGVOLS
LQGLFDWRUDQGDYHUWLFDOVSHHGLQGLFDWRU7KHFRFNSLWVRI
WRGD\pVQHZDLUOLQHUVW\SLFDOO\VKRZGDWDRQOLTXLGFU\VWDO
GLVSOD\V /&'V UDWKHUWKDQRQJODVVVFUHHQV

9HUWLFDOVSHHGRUIOLJKW
$OWLWXGHVHOHFWRU SDWKDQJOHVHOHFWRU 1DYLJDWLRQDOGLVSOD\
UDQJHVHOHFWRU &KURQRPHWHU
VWDUWVWRSEXWWRQ

0DVWHUZDUQLQJ
OLJKW

0DVWHUFDXWLRQ
OLJKW

1DYLJDWLRQDO
GLVSOD\LQDUF
PRGH

3ULPDU\IOLJKW
GLVSOD\

$LUYHQW

/RXGVSHDNHU

/DQGLQJJHDULQGLFDWRUDQG
DXWRPDWLFEUDNHVHOHFWRUSDQHO

(QJLQHDQGZDUQLQJVGLVSOD\GDWD

%UDNHSUHVVXUHLQGLFDWRU

/DQGLQJJHDUFRQWUROKDQGOH

&KURQRPHWHU WLPHPHDVXULQJLQVWUXPHQW

)OLJKWPDQDJHPHQWDQGJXLGDQFHV\VWHP
FRQWURODQGGLVSOD\XQLW

5DGLRPDQDJHPHQWSDQHO

&RSLORWpVVLGH


Flying instruments 3UHVVXUHSODWH

7
ȩȦȸȳȪȨȩȵȣȳȰȵȩȦȳȴ S IOHZZLWKQRWKLQJPRUH
LQWKHZD\RILQVWUXPHQWVWKDQDQHQJLQHUHYFRXQWHUD
VWRSZDWFKDQGDZLQGPHWHUWRWHOOWKHPURXJKO\KRZ
IDVWWKHSODQHZDVJRLQJ%XWWKHGDQJHUVRIVWDOOLQJ
E\IO\LQJWRRVORZVRRQPDGHLWFOHDUWKDWHYHU\IO\LQJ
PDFKLQHVKRXOGKDYHDQDFFXUDWHDLUVSHHGLQGLFDWRUDV
VWDQGDUG$VDLUFUDIWEHJDQWRIO\KLJKHUDQGIDUWKHUDQ
DOWLPHWHUWRLQGLFDWHKHLJKWDQGDPDJQHWLFFRPSDVVWR
KHOSNHHSDVWUDLJKWFRXUVHZHUHTXLFNO\DGGHG<HWIRU 6SULQJ
DORQJWLPHSLORWVIOHZqE\WKHVHDWRIWKHLUSDQWVr
MXGJLQJWKHSODQHpVDWWLWXGHE\IHHODORQHZKHQ
WKH\FRXOGQRWVHH,WZDVRQO\ZLWK(OPHU6SHUU\pVGHYHORSPHQW
RIJ\URVFRSHVWDELOL]HGLQVWUXPHQWVLQWKDWSLORWVZHUHJLYHQ
DEDQNDQGWXUQLQGLFDWRUDQGDQDUWLILFLDOKRUL]RQ
*\URVFRSHVuDNLQGRIVSLQQLQJWRSWKDWVWD\VOHYHO
QRPDWWHUZKDWDQJOHWKHSODQHLVDWuHQDEOHGWKHP
WRqIO\RQLQVWUXPHQWVrZKHQYLVLELOLW\ZDVSRRU

'28%/(78%(
7KLVLVRQHRIWKHILUVW
LQVWUXPHQWVWRJLYHD
FRQWLQXRXVDQGUHOLDEOH
LQGLFDWLRQRIDLUVSHHG,WZRUNV +2:)$67"
E\FRPSDULQJVWDWLFSUHVVXUH $PRQJWKHHDUOLHVWVSHHGLQGLFDWRUV
RUGLQDU\DLUSUHVVXUH ZLWK ZHUHDQHPRPHWHUV ZLQGPHWHUV 
G\QDPLFSUHVVXUH IURPWKH DGDSWHGIURPZHDWKHUIRUHFDVWLQJ
SODQHSXVKLQJIRUZDUG ,WV 7KHSLORWJRWDURXJKLGHDRIKRZIDVW
WZLQSLSHVSRLQWLQWRWKH WKHSODQHZDVJRLQJE\WLPLQJVRPDQ\
DLUIORZRQHUXQQLQJVWUDLJKW VHFRQGVRQDVWRSZDWFKZKLOHQRWLQJ
WKURXJKEXWWKHRWKHUHQGLQJLQDSHUIRUDWHGF\OLQGHU RQWKHPHWHUGLDOVKRZPDQ\WLPHVWKH
7KHSUHVVXUHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHWZRPHDVXUHG DLUIORZWXUQHGWKHIDQRQWKHIURQW
)DUQERURXJKDLUVSHHG
E\DIOH[LEOHGLDSKUDJPLQGLFDWHVWKHDLUVSHHG
LQGLFDWRUF 'LDSKUDJP

6WDWLFSLSH '\QDPLFSLSH

6WDWLFWXEH 3LWRWKHDG 0$&+0(7(5


$VMHWSODQHVDSSURDFKHG
DQGHYHQH[FHHGHGWKHVSHHGRI
VRXQGLQWKHVWKH\ZHUHJLYHQ
0DFKPHWHUV7KHVHVKRZHGKRZ
IDVWWKHSODQHZDVIO\LQJUHODWLYH
WRWKHVSHHGRIVRXQG
'\QDPLFWXEH
3,727+($' &RQQHFWLQJ
7KHWZLQWXEHSUHVVXUHPHWKRG WXEH
SLRQHHUHGE\)DUQERURXJK
VRRQEHFDPHWKHEDVLVIRU
PHDVXULQJDLUVSHHGRQDOO 63(('/,0,7
*DXJH ,QWKH\HDUVDIWHU
DLUFUDIW7KHWZLQWXEH
ZDVUHILQHGLQWRWKH :RUOG:DU,,
SUHVVXUHVHQVLQJSLWRW DLUVSHHGLQGLFDWRUV
KHDGPRXQWHGRQWKH RIWHQKDGDSRLQWHU
DLUIUDPH5XEEHUWXEHV 2JLOYLH DUURZKHDG 
FRQQHFWHGWKHSLWRW DLUVSHHG VKRZLQJWKH
WRWKHDLUVSHHGJDXJH LQGLFDWRU PD[LPXPVDIH
LQWKHFRFNSLW F VSHHGRIWKHSODQH


:,1*635,1*
7KLVVLPSOHGHYLFHGDWHV
IURPEXWHYHQLQ
WKHVVRPHSODQHV :LWKWKHVLJKWLQJVWULQJEHORZWKH
VWLOOXVHGWKHP:LQJ KRUL]RQWKHSODQHLVGLYLQJ
VSULQJVVKRZHGDLUVSHHG
DFFRUGLQJWRKRZIDUWKH +2:675$,*+7" :+,&+:$<"
SUHVVXUHSODWHZDVIRUFHG ,QWKLVEDQNDQGWXUQ /DQGLQJLQSRRUZHDWKHU
EDFNDJDLQVWDVSULQJE\ LQGLFDWRUDVLPSOHVSLULW ZDVPDGHPXFKVDIHUE\
WKHDLUIORZ OHYHOVKRZVKRZPXFKWKH WKLVJ\URVFRSLFLQVWUXPHQW
SODQHLVEDQNLQJ'LUHFWLRQDO ,WKHOSHGWKHSLORWPDLQWDLQ
FKDQJHVDUHLQGLFDWHGE\ DFRXUVHDQGJOLGHVORSHVHW
WKHXSSHUWXUQQHHGOHZKLFK E\DUDGLREHDPWKDWOLQHG
LVOLQNHGWRDQHOHFWULFDOO\ XSZLWKWKHUXQZD\
GULYHQJ\URVFRSH :LWKWKHVLJKWLQJVWULQJDERYHWKH
KRUL]RQWKHSODQHLVFOLPELQJ
+2:+,*+"
7RWHOOKRZKLJKWKH\ZHUHWKH
SLRQHHUDYLDWRUVXVHGWRZKLSIURP
WKHLUSRFNHWVOLWWOHDOWLPHWHUVVXFKDV
WKH(OOLRWW EHORZ uVLPLODUWRWKRVH
XVHGE\PRXQWDLQHHUVIRU\HDUV
EHIRUH%XWWKHDHULDODQWLFVRI:RUOG
:DU,ILJKWHUVVKRZHGWKHQHHGIRU
DELJGLDOIL[HGWRWKHSDQHO OHIW 

:LWKWKHVLJKWLQJVWULQJGLSSLQJULJKWEHORZ
WKHKRUL]RQWKHSODQHLVUROOLQJULJKW
+2:/(9(/"
,QWKHHDUO\GD\VSLORWVFRXOGRQO\ORRNDWWKHKRUL]RQSHUKDSVZLWK
WKHDLGRIDVLJKWLQJVWULQJ DERYHULJKW WRWHOOWKHPKRZPXFKWKHLU
PDFKLQHZDVSLWFKLQJRUUROOLQJ$WQLJKWRULQWKLFNFORXGWKHSLORW
ZRXOGVRRQEHFRPSOHWHO\GLVRULHQWDWHG5HVHDUFKVKRZHGWKDWHYHQWKH
PRVWH[SHULHQFHGSLORWFRXOGQRWIO\qEOLQGrIRUPRUHWKDQHLJKWPLQXWHV
ZLWKRXWJHWWLQJLQWRDVSLQ7KHDQVZHUZDVDJ\URVFRSLFDUWLILFLDOKRUL]RQ
Inside a black box
$OOPRGHUQDLUOLQHUVDQGPLOLWDU\SODQHVQRZFDUU\DqEODFNER[r %2;(',1
RUIOLJKWGDWDUHFRUGHUWRJLYHDFRPSOHWHKLVWRU\RIWKHIOLJKW $OOWKHIOLJKWGDWDLQWKLVER[
LQFDVHRIDQDFFLGHQW7KHER[ZKLFKLVQRWQHFHVVDULO\EODFN ZDVVWRUHGRQPDJQHWLFWDSH$Q
LVFRQQHFWHGXSWRDOOWKHDLUFUDIWpVPDLQV\VWHPVDQGUHFRUGV .HYODUOLQLQJ LQFUHGLEO\VWURQJZHOOLQVXODWHGFDVH
WRLQVXODWH RIWLWDQLXPDOOR\SURWHFWHGWKHWDSH
HYHU\WKLQJWKDWKDSSHQVWRLWGXULQJWKHIOLJKWPRQLWRULQJIOLJKW DJDLQVWFUDVKGDPDJHDQGILUH7RGD\
WKHUHFRUGHU
GHFNLQVWUXPHQWVHQJLQHGDWDDQGHYHQZKDWWKHFUHZVD\V DJDLQVWWKH EODFNER[HVUHFRUGGDWDRQWRPHPRU\
5HFRUGHU KHDWRIDILUH FKLSVOLNHWKRVHLQDFRPSXWHU7KH\
&RQQHFWLRQVWR VWLOOKDYHDWRXJKSURWHFWLYHFDVLQJ
DLUFUDIWV\VWHPV PRWRU

)URQWYLHZRIGDWD
UHFRUGHUZLWK
)URQWYLHZRIGDWDUHFRUGHU FRYHUUHPRYHG (LJKWWUDFNPDJQHWLF
&DUU\LQJKDQGOH WDSHIRUGDWDUHFRUGLQJ


Rotating wings
7ȩȦȪȥȦȢȰȧȧȭȺȪȯȨRQURWDWLQJZLQJVLVROG$VORQJDJRDV(XURSHDQ
FKLOGUHQSOD\HGZLWKIO\LQJWR\VZLWKZKLUULQJEODGHV,QGHHGXSXQWLOWKH
:ULJKWEURWKHUVp)O\HUPDQ\IHOWWKHIXWXUHRIIOLJKWOD\ZLWKURWDWLQJUDWKHU
WKDQIL[HGZLQJV6SLQQLQJZLQJVWKH\NQHZZRXOGVOLFHWKURXJKWKHDLUWR
SURYLGHOLIWMXVWOLNHIL[HGZLQJV S %XWZKLOHDIL[HGZLQJSODQH
PXVWNHHSPRYLQJDURWDWLQJZLQJSODQHFRXOGKRYHULQ
RQHSODFH,QWKHHDUO\VPDQ\ZKLUOLQJZLQJ
FRQWUDSWLRQVGLGULVHRIIWKHJURXQG<HWWKH
FKDQFHVRIFRQWUROOHGIOLJKWVHHPHG
UHPRWHXQWLOD6SDQLDUG Autogiro
-XDQGHOD&LHUYD ,QHDUO\KHOLFRSWHUH[SHULPHQWVLQYHQWRUV
-8$1'(/$&,(59$ KDGXVHGHYHUPRUHSRZHUIXOHQJLQHVWR
&LHUYDZDVREVHVVHG FUHDWHGWKH 5RWRUEODGH
JHWWKHLUPDFKLQHVWRULVH&LHUYDpV
IURPDQHDUO\DJH
ZLWKWKHLGHDRI
DXWRJLUR VWURNHRIJHQLXVZDVWRVHHWKDW
EXLOGLQJDURWDU\ZLQJ URWDWLQJZLQJVFDQSURYLGHOLIW
DLUFUDIWWKDWZRXOG ZLWKRXWWKHHQJLQH/LNHD
PDNHIO\LQJVDIHU PDSOHSRGZKLUOLQJJHQWO\
GRZQWR(DUWKDIUHHO\URWDWLQJ
/22.ʚ12:,1*6 ZLQJFRQWLQXHVWRVSLQE\LWVHOI
7KHDXWRJLURZDVQHYHU ZKHQPRYLQJWKURXJKWKHDLU
PHDQWWREHDKHOLFRSWHU,W SXVKHGDURXQGE\WKHSUHVVXUH
ZDVGHVLJQHGDVDZLQJOHVV RIDLURQWKHXQGHUVLGHRIWKHZLQJV
SODQHWKDWZRXOGEHVDIHUWKDQ
IL[HGZLQJDLUFUDIWEHFDXVHLW
+HFDOOHGWKLVVHOIURWDWLRQRUDXWRJLUR
ZRXOGQRWVWDOOVLPSO\E\IO\LQJWRRVORZ,QGHHG&LHUYDpV
ILUVWDXWRJLURVGLGKDYHVWXEE\ZLQJVWRDVVLVWWDNHRII
ULJKW 3XEOLFLW\IRUWKHDXWRJLURDOZD\VHPSKDVL]HG
KRZLWFRXOGGULIWVDIHO\WRWKHJURXQGqVORZHUWKDQ
DSDUDFKXWHrLQFDVHRIHQJLQHIDLOXUH

&$562)7+(6.<
)RUDZKLOHLQWKHV
PDQ\EHOLHYHGWKDWDXWRJLURV
&,(59$&ʜ ZRXOGEHWKH0RGHO7)RUGVRI
7KH&ZDVWKHPRVW WKHDLUuDLUFUDIWIRUHYHU\RQHWKDWZRXOG
VXFFHVVIXORIDOOWKHDXWRJLURV GRDZD\ZLWKWUDIILFMDPVRQFHDQGIRUDOO
PDGHLQWKHV7KLVH[DPSOH $GVIRUWKH3LWFDLUQFRPSDQ\ZKLFKPDGH
8QLTXHXSVZHSW DXWRJLURVLQWKH86ZHUHDLPHGFOHDUO\DW
LVRQHRIPDQ\VROGWRWKH
WDLOSODQHZLWK )DEULFFRYHUHG WKHIDVKLRQDEOHVHW:KDWFRXOGEH
PLOLWDU\IRUUHFRQQDLVVDQFH
QRUPDOFDPEHU VWHHOWXEHIXVHODJH VLPSOHUWKH\VXJJHVWHGWKDQWR
DQGXVLQJDVPDUNHUVWRVHW
RQWKLVVLGHRQO\ VLPLODUWRWKDW MXPSLQWRWKHDXWRJLURRQ
XSUDGDUVLQ:RUOG:DU,,
WRFRXQWHUEDODQFHWKH RIDELSODQH \RXUIURQWODZQDQGGURSLQ
URWDWLRQRIWKHEODGHV DW\RXUFRXQWU\FOXEIRUD
6WHHUDEOHWDLOZKHHO TXLFNJDPHRIJROI"


3,927,1*%/$'(6
3ULPLWLYHURWRUFUDIWWHQGHGWRUROORYHUEHFDXVHWKHDGYDQFLQJ
EODGHFXWWKURXJKWKHDLUIDVWHUWKDQWKHUHFHGLQJRQHDQGVR
ZDVOLIWHGPRUH&LHUYDVROYHGWKLVSUREOHP
ZLWKKLQJHVWKDWDOORZHGWKH 61$,/p6)/,*+7
DGYDQFLQJEODGHWRULVH 7RGHPRQVWUDWHLWVVDIHW\SRWHQWLDOWKH
ZLWKRXWDIIHFWLQJ &ZRXOGIO\LQWRWKHZLQGVRVORZO\
WKHSODQH WKDWLWFRXOGEHRXWSDFHG
E\DUXQQHU

%ODGH
OLIWKLQJH

6LGHZD\VGUDJKLQJHV
DQGVKRFNDEVRUEHUVDOORZ
WKHEODGHVWRDGYDQFHRU
WUDLOVOLJKWO\DVWKH\URWDWH
UHGXFLQJWKHVWUHVVRQ KS$UPVWURQJ
WKHURRWRIHDFKEODGH 5RWRUEODGH 6LGGHOH\VHYHQF\OLQGHU
FRQVWUXFWLRQ UDGLDOHQJLQH
+DQJLQJFRQWURO VKRZLQJKRZVLPLODU
FROXPQWRDOORZ WKHSURILOHLVWR
WKHSLORWWRWLOW FRQYHQWLRQDOZLQJV
WKHEODGHV 'ULYHIURP
LQDQ\ WKHHQJLQH
GLUHFWLRQ WRVWDUWWKH
URWRUVVSLQQLQJ
IRUWDNHRII

&RQYHQWLRQDO
SURSHOOHUWR
SXOOWKHDLUFUDIW
IRUZDUGIRU
WDNHRIIDQG
QRUPDOIOLJKW

6RIWRLOILOOHG
VKRFNDEVRUEHUV
WRDEVRUE
ODQGLQJVKRFNV


Helicopter 5RWRUEODGHV

2ȧȢȭȭȧȭȺȪȯȨȮȢȤȩȪȯȦȴQRQHLVTXLWHVRYHUVDWLOHDVWKH
KHOLFRSWHU,WVZKLUOLQJURWRUEODGHVHQDEOHLWWRVKRRWVWUDLJKWXS
LQWKHDLUKRYHUIRUPLQXWHDIWHUPLQXWHDQGODQGRQDQDUHDOLWWOH
ELJJHUWKDQWKDWWDNHQXSE\DEXV,WEXUQVXSIXHODWDIULJKWHQLQJ
63,11,1*'5($06
+HOLFRSWHUVKDYHD
UDWHEHFDXVHWKHHQJLQHYLDWKHURWRUVSURYLGHVDOOWKHOLIWLQJ
ORQJKLVWRU\EXWPDQ\ IRUFH,WDOVRWDNHVJUHDWVNLOOWRIO\IRUWKHSLORWKDVWKUHHIOLJKW
HDUO\H[SHULPHQWHUV
ZHUHUHJDUGHGDV FRQWUROVWRKDQGOHuUXGGHUFROOHFWLYHSLWFKDQGF\FOLFSLWFKu
QXWFDVHVuSHUKDSV RQHPRUHWKDQWKHFRQYHQWLRQDODLUFUDIW SSt %XWWKH
VRPHRIWKHPZHUH
KHOLFRSWHUKDVSURYHGLWVZRUWKLQPDQ\VLWXDWLRQVIURPWUDIILF
PRQLWRULQJWRGUDPDWLFUHVFXHVIURPVLQNLQJVKLSV

How a helicopter flies


$KHOLFRSWHUpVURWRUEODGHVDUHDFWXDOO\ORQJWKLQZLQJV7KHHQJLQHVSLQV
WKHPDURXQGVRWKDWWKH\FXWWKURXJKWKHDLUMXVWOLNHDFRQYHQWLRQDO
ZLQJ S ,QDZD\WKHURWRULVDOVROLNHDKXJHSURSHOOHUKDXOLQJWKH 3LWFKFRQWUROV
KHOLFRSWHUXSZDUGMXVWOLNHDSURSHOOHUSXOOLQJDSODQHDORQJ S 

7+(7$,/ʜ52725 ,QVWUXPHQW
:LWKRXWDWDLOURWRUDKHOLFRSWHU SDQHO
ZRXOGVSLQDURXQGLQWKH
RSSRVLWHZD\WRWKHURWRUEODGHV
7KHWDLOURWRUDFWVOLNHDSURSHOOHU
WRUHVLVWWKLVHIIHFWZKLFKLVFDOOHG
WRUTXHUHDFWLRQ7KHWDLOURWRULV
DOVRDNLQGRIUXGGHUDQGWKH
SLORWFKDQJHVWKHSLWFKRQLWV
&OLPELQJ EODGHVWRVZLQJWKHWDLO
WRWKHOHIWRUULJKW

+RYHULQJ

6ZDVKSODWH

'HVFHQGLQJ
83'2:1
$1'+29(5,1*
7RJRXSRUGRZQWKHSLORWXVHVWKH
FROOHFWLYHSLWFKFRQWUROWRDOWHUWKH
DQJOHRUSLWFKRIWKHURWRUEODGHV 72$1')52
:KHQWKHEODGHVFXWWKURXJKWKHDLU 7RIO\IRUZDUGRU
DOPRVWIODWWKH\JLYHQROLIWDQGWKH EDFNZDUGRUWREDQNIRUD
KHOLFRSWHUVLQNV7RFOLPEWKHSLORW WXUQWKHSLORWWLOWVWKHZKROH
PXVWVWHHSHQWKHSLWFKRIWKHEODGHV URWRUZLWKWKHF\FOLFSLWFKFRQWURO7KLVWLOWVWKH
LQFUHDVLQJOLIW7RKRYHUKRZHYHUWKH VZDVKSODWHVRWKDWWKHSLWFKRIHDFKEODGHYDULHVLQ
SLORWPXVWVHWWKHEODGHVWRDSUHFLVH WXUQDVLWJRHVDURXQG$WWKHSRLQWZKHUHWKHSODWH
DQJOHLQEHWZHHQ,WDOOZRUNVWKURXJK LVORZHVWSLWFKLVVKDOORZDQGOLIWLVOLPLWHG6WUDLJKW
DVOLGLQJFROODURQWKHURWRUVKDIWFDOOHG RSSRVLWHKRZHYHUWKHSODWHLVDWLWVKLJKHVWDQGDVWHHS
WKHVZDVKSODWHZKLFKSXVKHVXSRUSXOOV SLWFKJLYHVDORWRIOLIW7KHHIIHFWLVWRWLOWWKHZKROHURWRURYHU
GRZQRQURGVOLQNHGWRWKHEODGHV LQWKHZD\WKHSLORWZDQWVWRJRSXOOLQJWKHKHOLFRSWHUZLWKLW


%(//-(75$1*(5
'UDJKLQJHVIOH[WR 7KH%HOO-HW5DQJHULVRQHRIDUDQJHRIVPDOOIDVWDOOSXUSRVH
FXWWKHVWUDLQRQWKH KHOLFRSWHUVWKDWDSSHDUHGDIWHUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHJDV
URWRUEODGHV 6ZLYHOIRU WXUELQHMHWHQJLQHVLQWKHVDQGV SSt ,Q
FKDQJLQJ WKHGD\VZKHQWKH\XVHGSLVWRQHQJLQHVKHOLFRSWHUVZHUH
WKHURWRU VSHFLDOL]HGFUDIW7KHVPRRWKQHVVDQGUHOLDELOLW\RIMHWHQJLQHV
5RWRUVKDIW
EODGHSLWFK HVSHFLDOO\ZKHQUXQQLQJDWQHDUIXOOSRZHUPDGHDOOWKH
GLIIHUHQFH+HOLFRSWHUVVXFKDVWKH-HW5DQJHUZKLFKFDQFDUU\
ILYHSHRSOHDWVSHHGVRIXSWRPSK NSK DUHQRZXVHG
IRUDQHQRUPRXVUDQJHRIHYHU\GD\WDVNVIURPFURSVSUD\LQJ
/LQNIURPVZDVKSODWH
WRVKRUWEXVLQHVVWULSV
KLGGHQ WRDGMXVWWKH
KS$OOLVRQ
SLWFKRIWKHURWRU
WXUERVKDIWMHW
EODGHVLQIOLJKW
HQJLQH

/DQGLQJVNLGV

&RQWLQXHGRQQH[WSDJH

&RQWLQXHGIURPSUHYLRXVSDJH

&/,33(52)7+(&/28'6
7KHLGHDRIURWDU\ZLQJIOLJKWILUHG
WKHLPDJLQDWLRQRIPDQ\FUHDWLYH 7+(),567+(/,&237(5)/,*+7"
PLQGVLQWKHWKFHQWXU\7KHIO\LQJ (YHQLQWKHHDUO\WKFHQWXU\PDQ\SHRSOHEHOLHYHGKHOLFRSWHUV
KHOLFRSWHUWR\VRI*HRUJH&D\OH\ PLJKWVWLOOEHDWIL[HGZLQJSODQHVLQWRWKHDLU7KH\ZHUHZURQJ
S ZHUHIDPRXVEXWPDQ\ <HWLQMXVWIRXU\HDUVDIWHUWKH:ULJKWEURWKHUVp
RWKHUSHRSOHEXLOWZRUNLQJ ILUVWIOLJKWWKLVSULPLWLYHWDQGHPURWRUKHOLFRSWHU
PRGHOV7KHVHPRGHOVGLGOLWWOH EXLOWE\)UHQFKPHFKDQLF3DXO&RUQXOLIWHGKLP
PRUHWKDQFOLPEXS FOHDURIWKHJURXQGLIRQO\IRUVHFRQGV
HUUDWLFDOO\LQWRWKHDLU
WKHQGURS%XWWKH
YLVLRQDU\)UHQFK
LQYHQWRU*DEULHO
GHOD/DQGHOOHZDV
FRQYLQFHGWKDWRQH
GD\PDFKLQHVVXFK
DVWKH6WHDP$LUOLQHUKHGUHZLQ
 OHIW ZRXOGVDLOPDMHVWLFDOO\
WKURXJKWKHVN\

6WDELOL]HUVWRSUHYHQW
ERRPIURPVZLQJLQJ
%RRP XSRUGRZQ

5RWRUEODGHSLWFK
6ZDVKSODWH FRQWUROURGV

/HDGLQJHGJHRI
URWRUEODGH

(QJLQH
3LORWpVVHDW KRXVLQJ
6LNRUVN\96

7+(%,57+2)7+(+(/,&237(5
'HVSLWHWKHHDUO\VXFFHVVRISLRQHHUVOLNH&RUQXLW
SURYHGLPPHQVHO\GLIILFXOWWREXLOGDVWDEOHFRQWUROODEOH
KHOLFRSWHU7KHEUHDNWKURXJKRQO\FDPHZLWKWKH
LQYHQWLRQRIWKHDXWRJLUR SSt ZKLFKWDXJKWKRZ
FRQWUROFRXOGEHDFKLHYHGE\DOWHULQJWKHSLWFK DQJOH RI
WKHURWRUEODGHV,QWKH*HUPDQGHVLJQHU+HLQULFK
)RFNHEXLOWDFUDIWZLWKDQDLUSODQHIXVHODJHDQGWZR
KXJHURWRUVLQVWHDGRIZLQJV,WFRXOGIO\XSDQGGRZQ
EDFNZDUGDQGIRUZDUGDQGHYHQKRYHU:LWKLQPRQWKV
DQRWKHU*HUPDQ$QWRQ)OHWWQHUKDGEXLOWWKHILUVWWUXH
KHOLFRSWHUuDQLPEOHPDFKLQHZLWKWZRELJEODGHVWKDWPHVKHGOLNHDFDNH
ZKLVN)RFNHDQG)OHWWQHUXVHGWZRURWRUV WXUQLQJLQRSSRVLWHGLUHFWLRQV 
WRSUHYHQWWRUTXHUHDFWLRQ S %XWLQ,JRU6LNRUVN\FDPHXSZLWK *HDUER[
WKHPXFKVLPSOHUWDLOURWRUDQGLQKLVH[SHULPHQWDO96 DERYH 
SLRQHHUHGWKHOD\RXWWKDWKDVEHHQXVHGIRUKHOLFRSWHUVHYHUVLQFH


+($',1$:+,5/
2QFHWKHSUDFWLFDOLW\RIWKH
KHOLFRSWHUZDVSURYHGLQ
WKHODWHVSHRSOHVDZ
WKHSRVVLELOLWLHV
IRUPLQLDWXUH
SHUVRQDOIO\LQJ
PDFKLQHVuLQFOXGLQJWKLV
EL]DUUHEDFNSDFNGHVLJQHG
%877(5)/<:,1*6 E\)UHQFKPDQ*HRUJHV
,QWKHVWKH 6DEOLHU,WLVQRWNQRZQ
UXEEHUEDQGSRZHUHG ZKHWKHULWHYHUIOHZ
KHOLFRSWHUWR\VPDGHE\$OSKRQVH
3ÆQDXGDQGDFROOHDJXHE\WKHQDPH
RI'DQGULHX[ZHUHWKHLQVSLUDWLRQIRU 7DLOILQ
PDQ\URWDU\ZLQJHQWKXVLDVWV

+,*+7$,/
7KHWDLOURWRUUHVLVWVWKHWHQGHQF\IRUWKH
7DLOURWRU KHOLFRSWHUWRVSLQURXQGLQUHDFWLRQWRWKH
URWRUEODGHVDQGDFWVDVDUXGGHU S 
2QWKLV%HOOKHOLFRSWHUWKHPDLQURWRU
EODGHVWXUQFORFNZLVH VHHQIURP
DERYH 6RWRNHHSLWVWUDLJKWWKH
WDLOURWRUPXVWSXVKWKHWDLO
FORFNZLVH WRZDUG\RX 7R
VWHHULWWRWKHOHIWWKH
SLORWIODWWHQVWKHWDLO
URWRUEODGHVVRWKDW
WKH\SXVKZHDNO\DQG
DOORZWKHWDLOWRVZLQJ
FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH DZD\IURP\RX 7RVWHHU
WRWKHULJKWWKHSLORWDQJOHVWKHWDLOURWRU
6,.256.<5ʜEHORZ EODGHVPRUHVKDUSO\WRSXOOWKHWDLO
,JRU6LNRUVN\ZDVDOUHDG\DZHOONQRZQ VWURQJO\FORFNZLVH WRZDUG\RX 
DLUSODQHGHVLJQHUZKHQKHHPLJUDWHGIURP
5XVVLDWRWKH86LQ$VDWHHQDJHUKHKDG
FRQGXFWHGPDQ\H[SHULPHQWVZLWKKHOLFRSWHUV
DQGLQ$PHULFDLQWKHVKHWRRNWKHPXSDJDLQ
$IWHUKLVVXFFHVVZLWKWKH96LQKHTXLFNO\
UHILQHGKLVGHVLJQLQDPDFKLQHFDOOHGWKH;5uWKH
q;rLVIRUH[SHULPHQWDO7KH86DUP\ZDVVRVXUHRI
LWVPHULWVWKDWLQLWSODFHGDODUJHRUGHUIRUWKH
QHZKHOLFRSWHU7KH5VKRZQEHORZLVRQHRIPRUH 7DLOURWRUSLWFK
WKDQEXLOWE\WKHHQGRI:RUOG:DU,, FRQWUROZLUHV

%RRP

0,/,7$5<86(
7KHKHOLFRSWHUpVDELOLW\WR
UHDFKLQDFFHVVLEOHSODFHV
LVLQYDOXDEOHLQZDU

%ULWLVK
5R\DO$LU)RUFH
6LNRUVN\5 5HDUODQGLQJ
ZKHHO
/LJKWQ\ORQZHDYH

Hot-air balloon HQYHORSH

$ ȴȢȴȱȰȳȵEDOORRQLQJDOOEXW (QYHORSHDVVHPEOHGE\
GLHGRXWDIWHU:RUOG:DU,uPDLQO\ VHZLQJWRJHWKHUVHSDUDWH
SDQHOVRIPDWHULDOFXW
EHFDXVHWKHJDVWRILOOWKHEDOORRQV WRDSDWWHUQ
KDGEHFRPHWRRGLIILFXOWDQGFRVWO\
WRREWDLQ7KHQLQWKHV(G<RVW
7UDF\%DUQHVDQGRWKHUVLQWKH86
VWDUWHGWRH[SHULPHQWZLWKEDOORRQV
LQIODWHGZLWKKRWDLUMXVWOLNHWKH 7+((19(/23(
7KHEDOORRQpVHQYHORSHLVPDGH
0RQWJROILHUEURWKHUVpEDOORRQQHDUO\ IURPDWRXJKQ\ORQPDWHULDOZLWK
\HDUVHDUOLHU:KDWZDVQHZDERXW DVSHFLDOFULVVFURVVZHDYHWR
SUHYHQWLWIURPWHDULQJ1RUPDOO\
WKHLUEDOORRQVZDVWKDWWKHHQYHORSHVZHUH WKHFURZQRIWKHEDOORRQJHWVQR
KRWWHUWKDQ) & ZHOO
PDGHRISRO\XUHWKDQHFRDWHGQ\ORQDQG EHORZWKHPHOWLQJSRLQWRIQ\ORQ
WKH\ZHUHILOOHGE\EXUQLQJOLTXLGSURSDQH %XWDWHPSHUDWXUHVHQVRULVILWWHG
DWWKHWRSRIWKHHQYHORSHJLYLQJ
JDV6RVXFFHVVIXOZDVWKHFRPELQDWLRQ DFRQWLQXRXVUHDGRXWLQWKH
WKDWLWVSDUNHGRIIDUHPDUNDEOHUHYLYDORI EDVNHWMXVWLQFDVH
LQWHUHVWLQKRWDLUEDOORRQLQJ7RGD\WKHUH
DUHUHJXODUKRWDLU
EDOORRQHYHQWVDOORYHU
WKHZRUOGDVZHOODV
PDQ\DWWHPSWVWREUHDN
ORQJGLVWDQFHUHFRUGV
',))(5(176+$3(6
:LWKWKHKRWDLUEDOORRQUHYLYDO
PRGHUQPDWHULDOVDOORZHG
EDOORRQPDNHUVWREUHDNDZD\
IURPWKHWUDGLWLRQDOEDOORRQVKDSH
$WILUVWWKH\PDGHVLPSOHVKDSHV
7ZLQ
VXFKDVGULQNFDQVDQGERWWOHV7RGD\
EXUQHUV
\RXPD\VHHDFRPSOHWH)UHQFK
FK¿WHDXRUWZRKXPSHGFDPHOV
IORDWLQJJHQWO\WKURXJKWKHVN\

&DEOHVHQGLQTXLFNUHOHDVH
8QFOH6DP VSULQJFOLSVIRUHDV\DVVHPEO\ 6WDLQOHVVVWHHO
EDOORRQ DQGGLVPDQWOLQJ EXUQHUIUDPH
KDQJVIURP
HQYHORSHDQG
FDUULHVWKH
FDEOHVWKDW
VXSSRUWWKH
EDVNHW

%851(568332576
&DUU\LQJ 1\ORQURGVHQVXUHWKDW
KDQGOHVIRU WKHJDVEXUQHUVDUH
JURXQG VXSSRUWHGKLJKDERYH
FUHZ WKHIO\HUVpKHDGVu
DOWKRXJKLQIOLJKWWKH
EXUQHUVKDQJIURPWKH
EDOORRQFDEOHV7KHJDV
,1)/$7,21 SLSHVDUHVWUDSSHGWR
)LOOLQJWKHEDOORRQLVSHUKDSVWKHWULFNLHVWSDUWRIWKH WKHURGVDQGDSDGGHG
HQWLUHEDOORRQIOLJKW+HUHWKHEXUQHULVEHLQJXVHG SURWHFWLYHFRYHULV
WRLQIODWHWKHEDOORRQRQWKHJURXQG ]LSSHGDURXQGWKHP


%ODVW
IODPH
EXUQHU
3LORWOLJKW
EXUQHU

%XUQHU
IUDPH

)LUH
+HDWLQJFRLOVNHSWKRWE\WKHSLORW H[WLQJXLVKHU
OLJKWLQZKLFKOLTXLGSURSDQHGUDZQ
WKURXJKWKHWKLFNSLSHLVUDSLGO\
YDSRUL]HGWRJLYHWKHEODVWIODPH

7+(%851(5
7KHKRWDLUWRILOOWKHEDOORRQFRPHV
IURPDEXUQHUIXHOOHGE\OLTXLG
SURSDQHJDV$QDUURZSLSH
7KLQSLSHIRU VXSSOLHVJDVWRDFRQVWDQWO\
SURSDQHJDV EXUQLQJSLORWOLJKWDQGDWKLFN 7KLFNSLSHIRU
VXSSO\WR SLSHVXSSOLHVOLTXLGJDVWRWKH SURSDQHOLTXLG
SLORWOLJKW EODVWYDOYH:KHQWKHSLORW VXSSO\WR
RSHQVWKHYDOYHDSRZHUIXOMHW EODVWIODPH
RIIODPHtIW tP ORQJ
VKRRWVRXWVHQGLQJDEODVWRIKRW
DLULQWRWKHHQYHORSH7RPDLQWDLQ *$6&</,1'(5
KHLJKWWKHSLORWXVXDOO\RSHQVWKH 7KHSURSDQHJDVF\OLQGHUV
EODVWYDOYHIRUDIHZVHFRQGVDQGWKHQ DUHXVXDOO\PDGHRIWRXJK
FRDVWVIRUKDOIDPLQXWH EXWOLJKWDOXPLQXPRU
%ODVWIODPHVXSSO\ VWDLQOHVVVWHHOSDGGHGWR
WDSGUDZLQJ PLQLPL]HULVNRILQMXU\WR
OLTXLGIURPWKH WKHSDVVHQJHUVLQDEXPS\
ERWWRPRIWKH ODQGLQJ(DFKF\OLQGHU
F\OLQGHU KROGVDURXQGJDOORQV
OLWHUV HQRXJKJDVIRU
DERXWPLQXWHVpIOLJKW

+DQGOHVIRU
SDVVHQJHUVGXULQJ
ODQGLQJ

6XHGHSDGGLQJ

3LORWOLJKWVXSSO\
WDSGUDZLQJJDV
IURPWKHWRSRI
WKHF\OLQGHU

7+(%$6.(7
7KHWUDGLWLRQDOZLFNHU
EDVNHWVWLOOJLYHVWKH
EHVWFRPELQDWLRQRI
OLJKWQHVVDQGIOH[LEOH
VWUHQJWK7KHUHLVQR
ORDGLQJULQJRUKRRSRQ
KRWDLUEDOORRQV SSt 
,QVWHDGWKHEDVNHWKDQJV
IURPWKHEXUQHUIUDPHRQ
VWDLQOHVVVWHHOFDEOHVWKDWORRSXQGHU
WKHEDVNHWDQGDUHVHFXUHGLQWKHZHDYH


Airship
,ȵȴȦȦȮȦȥȵȩȢȵȵȩȦȥȢȺȴȰȧȢȪȳȴȩȪȱȴȸȦȳȦȰȷȦȳZKHQWKH\ZHUH
LQYROYHGLQDQXPEHURIWUDJLFDFFLGHQWVMXVWEHIRUH:RUOG:DU,, S 
DQGWKHJLDQWVRIWKHLQWHUZDU\HDUVGLGLQGHHGYDQLVK<HWWKHDLUVKLSpV
DELOLW\WRVWD\LQWKHDLUIRUKRXUDIWHUKRXUZDVVWLOOXVHIXOIRUWDVNV
83,1)/$0(6 VXFKDVVXEPDULQHVXUYHLOODQFH5LJKWXSXQWLOWKHODWHVVPDOO
$LUVKLSVILOOHG QRQULJLGDLUVKLSVILOOHGZLWKVDIHQRQIODPPDEOHKHOLXPJDVZHUH
ZLWKK\GURJHQJDVZHUH
DOZD\VLQGDQJHUIURPILUH VWLOOEHLQJPDGH,QWKHVDQHZJHQHUDWLRQRIPRUHVXEVWDQWLDO
$OPRVWKDOIWKHDLUVKLSV
IORZQE\WKH*HUPDQIRUFHV
DLUVKLSVEHJDQWRHPHUJH7KHVHVKLSVDUHPDGHRIPRGHUQPDWHULDOV
LQ:RUOG:DU,ZHQWXSLQ VXFKDVFDUERQILEHUDQGSODVWLFFRPSRVLWHVDQGILOOHGZLWKKHOLXP
IODPHVDQGWKHLQIHUQRWKDW
GHVWUR\HGWKH+LQGHQEXUJ QRWK\GURJHQOLNHWKH
VLJQDOHGWKHHQGIRUWKH HDUO\DLUVKLSV
JLDQWDLUVKLSV

6WUHQJWKHQHGJODVVILEHU
QRVHFRQHWRWDNH
PRRULQJFDEOH

6.<6+,3+/
7KHILUVW6N\VKLS
IOHZLQ,WZDV
IROORZHGLQE\WKHODUJHU
6N\VKLSZKLFKLVVWLOOLQVHUYLFH
$OWKRXJKELJDWDERXWIW P ORQJ
WKH6N\VKLSZDVDIUDFWLRQRIWKHVL]HRIWKH
SUHZDUJLDQWDLUVKLSVVXFKDVWKH+LQGHQEXUJZKLFK
VWUHWFKHGIW P ,QPRGHUQDLUVKLSVVXFKDVWKH $XWRPDWLF
6N\VKLSVDQGWKH=HSSHOLQ17V VHHRSSRVLWH LWLVWKH EDOORQHWYDOYH 6ROLGEDOODVW
SUHVVXUHRIWKHJDVLQVLGHWKDWJLYHVWKHPWKHLUVKDSH IRUHPHUJHQFLHV
QRWDULJLGIUDPHZRUNDVLQWKHSUHZDUJLDQWV

$LUVFRRSVIRUILOOLQJEDOORQHWV

+$1*,1*%$6.(7
3DVVHQJHUVDQGFUHZ
WUDYHOHGLQDFDELQ
EHQHDWKWKHHQYHORSH
FDOOHGWKHJRQGROD
0ROGHGIURPVWURQJ
OLJKWZHLJKWFDUERQILEHU
LWSURYLGHGWKHVDPH
OHYHORIFRPIRUWDVDQ\
PRGHUQDLUFUDIW7KHIOLJKW
GHFNWRRORRNHGVLPLODUWR
WKDWRIDFRQYHQWLRQDOSODQHu
H[FHSWWKHUHZHUHQRUXGGHU
SHGDOV,QIDFWVLQFHWKHUHZHUH
QRDLOHURQV SSt WKHSLORW
VWHHUHGWKHDLUVKLSE\WZLVWLQJWKH )OLJKWGHFN 0DLQGRRU (VFDSHKDWFK
FRQWUROFROXPQ\RNHWRVZLQJ
WKHUXGGHURQHZD\RUWKHRWKHU *RQGRODRI6N\VKLS+/


'HVFHQGLQJuH[WUDDLULV
EORZQLQWRIURQWEDOORQHW
EULQJLQJQRVHGRZQ

&OLPELQJuUHDUEDOORQHW
LVNHSWIXOOHUDQGKHDYLHU
KHOSLQJQRVHWRFRPHXS

$,5%8%%/(6
7KH6N\VKLSpVKHOLXPILOOHG
HQYHORSHFRQWDLQHGWZRDLUILOOHG
EDJVFDOOHGEDOORQHWV$VWKHDLUVKLS
FOLPEHGDWPRVSKHULFSUHVVXUHGURSSHG 5(78512)7+(=(33(/,16
DQGWKHJDVH[SDQGHG$XWRPDWLFYDOYHVRSHQHGWRUHOHDVH 5XGGHUWRVWHHUWKH ,QWKHVXFFHVVRUWRWKHRULJLQDO
DLULQVWHDGRISUHFLRXVKHOLXP DERYHOHIW :KHQWKHDLUVKLS DLUVKLSOHIWRUULJKW =HSSHOLQFRPSDQ\EHJDQGHYHORSLQJ
GHVFHQGHGDLUZDVVFRRSHGLQWRUHILOOWKHEDOORQHWV DERYHULJKW  DLUVKLSVDJDLQ7KHILUVW=HSSHOLQ1HZ
7HFKQRORJ\ 17 FUDIWIOHZLQ:LWK
DFUHZRIWZRDQGURRPIRUSDVVHQJHUV
WKH17VDUHPXFKVPDOOHUWKDQWKHJLDQW
=HSSHOLQVRIWKHVZKLFKFRXOGFDUU\
PRUHWKDQSDVVHQJHUVDQGFUHZ
1HYHUWKHOHVVWKH=HSSHOLQ17LVVWLOO
WKHELJJHVWDLUVKLSLQWKHZRUGWRGD\

(OHYDWRUIODSVWRKHOS
FOLPELQJRUGLYLQJ

3RO\HVWHUHQYHORSH
OLQHGZLWKVSHFLDO
JDVSURRIFRDWLQJ
'28%/('8&76
7ZRELJSURSHOOHUVGULYHQE\3RUVFKH (QJLQHFRPSDUWPHQW
FDUHQJLQHVSXVKHGWKH6N\VKLSDORQJ
DWVSHHGVRIXSWRPSK NSK 
(DFKZDVHQFORVHGLQDGXFWWRFXWQRLVH 6ZLYHOLQJ
LQFUHDVHSURSXOVLYHHIILFLHQF\DQGSURWHFW SURSHOOHU
JURXQGVWDII8QLTXHO\ERWKSURSHOOHUV 5HDUYLHZRI GXFW
FRXOGVZLYHOWRYHFWRU GLUHFW WKUXVW JRQGRODRI
XSRUGRZQIRUWDNHRIIDQGODQGLQJ 6N\VKLS+/

386+,1*83$1''2:1
6ZLYHOLQJSURSHOOHUVDOORZYHUWLFDO
WDNHRIIV7KH\DOVRKHOSDLUVKLSVWR
*RQGROD
:KHHOVIRU ODQG2WKHUZLVHSUHFLRXVKHOLXP
RXWULJJHU
PDQHXYHULQJRQWKH ZRXOGKDYHWREHOHWRXWWRPDNH
JURXQGRQO\uODQGLQJLV WKHVKLSKHDYLHUuHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQ
DFFRPSOLVKHGE\DJURXQG :DWHUEDOODVWWDQNKROGLQJ WKHIXHOWDQNLVHPSW\DQGOLJKW
FUHZZLWKPRRULQJURSHV OE NJ RIZDWHU DIWHUDORQJIOLJKW


A modern glider
$ȭȵȩȰȶȨȩȨȭȪȥȦȳȴSOD\HGDSURPLQHQWSDUWLQ /$81&+,1*$*/,'(5
*OLGHUVFDQEHODXQFKHGLQYDULRXV
WKHSLRQHHULQJGD\VRIDYLDWLRQ SSt LQWHUHVW ZD\V$XWRWRZLQJLQYROYHVXVLQJD
LQWKHPZDQHGDIWHUSRZHUHGIOLJKWZDVDFKLHYHG PRWRUFDUWRSXOOWKHJOLGHUDORQJRQ
DORQJFDEOHXQWLOLWFOLPEVLQWRWKH
7KHSUREOHPZDVWKDWZLWKRXWSRZHUWKHHDUO\ DLU:LQFKODXQFKHVXVHDSRZHUIXO
ZLQFKLQWKHVDPHZD\%RWKPHWKRGV
JOLGHUVFRXOGRQO\VWD\DLUERUQHIRUDIHZVHFRQGV DUHFKHDSDQGTXLFNEXWZLOOOLIWWKH
0$67(5*/,'(5
%LUGVRISUH\VKRZHG 7KHQLQWKHHDUO\VLWZDVIRXQGWKDWJOLGHUV JOLGHUQRKLJKHUWKDQIW P 
SHRSOHKRZWRULVHXSRQ FRXOGULGHXSRQWKHZLQGULVLQJRYHUDULGJHRUKLOO RUVR,IWKHSLORWFDQQRWILQGOLIWIURP
EXEEOHVRIZDUPDLU ULVLQJDLUTXLFNO\WKHIOLJKWZLOOODVW
VRWKDWVNLOOHGSLORWVFRXOGVWD\DORIWIRUKRXUVDWD RQO\DIHZPLQXWHV$QDHURWRZ
XVLQJDSRZHUHGSODQHWRWXJWKH
WLPH$IHZ\HDUVODWHULWZDVGLVFRYHUHGWKDWHYHQDZD\IURPKLOOV JOLGHULQWRWKHDLU EHORZDQGULJKW 
JOLGHUSLORWVFRXOGJHWDOLIWIURPWKHUPDOVuEXEEOHVRIULVLQJDLU LVPXFKPRUHHIIHFWLYHEXW
WLPHFRQVXPLQJDQGH[SHQVLYH
ZDUPHGE\WKHJURXQG(YHUVLQFHWKHVSRUWRIJOLGLQJKDV
EHFRPHPRUHDQGPRUHSRSXODUDQGWKHJOLGHUKDVQRZ
HYROYHGLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWDHURG\QDPLFDOO\
HIILFLHQWDQGHOHJDQWRIDOOIO\LQJPDFKLQHV

7XJPDNHVQRUPDOWDNHRII
ZLWKJOLGHULQWRZ

3RZHUHGWXJSODQHWRZVJOLGHU
RQDIW P WRZURSH

$LUEUDNHVHPHUJHIURPWKH
ZLQJVDWULJKWDQJOHVWR 'RZQWXUQHGZLQJWLSV
VWHHSHQWKHGHVFHQWIRUODQGLQJ VWRSDLOHURQVIURP
IRXOLQJWKHJURXQG
6/,33(5<6$,/3/$1( DQGUHGXFH
0RGHUQJOLGHUVVXFKDVWKLV6FKOHLFKHU WXUEXOHQFHDW
.VLQJOHVHDWHUDUHPDGHIURP WKHZLQJWLSV
JODVVUHLQIRUFHGSODVWLF *53 7KLV
PDWHULDOLVQRWRQO\VWURQJDQGOLJKWEXW
FDQEHPROGHGWRJLYHDVXSHUVPRRWK
ORZGUDJVXUIDFH:LWKVXFKVPRRWKOLQHV
DQGFDUHIXOO\SURILOHGZLQJVDJOLGHUOLNH
WKLVLVYHU\HIILFLHQWDHURG\QDPLFDOO\u
ZLWKW\SLFDOO\DJOLGHUDWLRRIEHWWHUWKDQ $LOHURQ
7KLVPHDQVLWZLOOXVXDOO\GURSRQO\
IW P IRUHYHU\IW P LWIOLHV
&RPSHWLWLRQJOLGHUVSHUIRUPHYHQEHWWHU

,QVWUXPHQWSDQHO

%$1'$,'
,QWKHGD\VZKHQPDQ\JOLGLQJ
FOXEVZHUHRQKLOOWRSVDEXQJHH
ODXQFKZDVRIWHQHQRXJK$WHDP
UDQWRZDUGHGJHRIWKHKLOOSXOOLQJ
WKHJOLGHURQDQHODVWLFDWHGURSH 7RZURSH
$VWKHJOLGHUqXQVWXFNrIURPWKH DWWDFKHGKHUHIRU
JURXQGLWFDWDSXOWHGLQWRWKHDLU ZLQFKODXQFKRUDXWRWRZ


(OHYDWRU

7WDLO

*OLGHUUHOHDVHVWRZURSHDWGHVLUHGKHLJKW

)UHHGIURPWKHJOLGHUWKH
WXJDFFHOHUDWHVUDSLGO\DQG
GLYHVDZD\

6/,078%(
7KHVOLPWDSHULQJIXVHODJHLV
FDUHIXOO\VKDSHGWRPLQLPL]HGUDJ
(YHQDURXQGWKHFRFNSLWLWLVDV
6,/(17:,1*6 QDUURZDVSRVVLEOHDQGQHDU
/DUJHJOLGHUVOLNH WKHWDLOLWVKULQNVWRDGLDPHWHU
WKH$LUVSHHG+RUVD RIOHVVWKDQIW FP 
OHIW ZHUHVRPHWLPHV 7KHWDLOILQLWVHOILVXVXDOO\
XVHGGXULQJ:RUOG 7VKDSHGQRWRQO\IRU
:DU,,IRUODQGLQJ DHURG\QDPLFSHUIRUPDQFH
WURRSVDQGHTXLSPHQW EXWDOVRWRSURWHFWWKH
VLOHQWO\EHKLQGHQHP\ WDLOSODQHVIURPGDPDJH
OLQHV+RZHYHUWKH\ E\WDOOFURSVLIWKHJOLGHU
ZHUHVORZDQGRQFH KDVWRPDNHDIRUFHG
VSRWWHGYHU\YXOQHUDEOH ODQGLQJLQDILHOG

:LQJWDQNVKROGLQJZDWHUEDOODVWZKLFK
DGGVZHLJKWIRUDQH[WUDWXUQRIVSHHGIRU
IO\LQJDFURVVFRXQWU\uDQGPD\EH 6HPLUHFOLQLQJSLORWpV
MHWWLVRQHGODWHUIRUFLUFOLQJVORZO\ VHDWWRNHHSFRFNSLWORZ

:,1*63$1
$WWKHLUWLSVDOOZLQJVORVHVRPHRIWKHLU
OLIWLQJSRZHUEHFDXVHDLUIORZLQJXQGHUQHDWK
FXUOVRYHUWKHWRS7KHORQJHUWKHZLQJLVWKH
OHVVLPSRUWDQWWKLVHIIHFWLVVRJOLGHUVKDYH
YHU\ORQJZLQJV

5XGGHU

7RZURSHDWWDFKHG
KHUHIRUDHURWRZ


Kites for people
7ȩȦȪȥȦȢȰȧȧȭȺȪȯȨZLWKDSDLURIZLQJVDORQHVHHPHGWRKDYHEHHQIRUJRWWHQ
DIWHUWKHGHDWKVRI/LOLHQWKDO SSt DQGRWKHUSLRQHHUJOLGHUVDURXQG
7KHQLQWKHVDQ$PHULFDQQDPHG)UDQFLV5RJDOORFUHDWHGDQHZNLWHSODQH
XVLQJDIDEULFGHOWD WULDQJXODU ZLQJ,WZDVGHYHORSHGDVDVWHHUDEOHSDUDFKXWH
IRUEULQJLQJHTXLSPHQWEDFNWR(DUWKIURPVSDFH%XWVRPHSHRSOHEHJDQWRIO\
5RJDOORZLQJVE\KDQJLQJEHQHDWKWKHZLQJDQGVWHHULQJLWE\VKLIWLQJWKHLU
ERG\ZHLJKW7KHLGHDFDXJKWRQDQGKDQJJOLGHUVZHUHVRRQ
UXQQLQJRIIKLOOVDOORYHUWKHZRUOG+DQJJOLGLQJ
LVQRZRQHRIWKHZRUOGpVPRVW
SRSXODUDHULDOVSRUWV
635($',1*:,1*6
7KHHDUOLHVW5RJDOORW\SHKDQJJOLGHUV
GURSSHGTXLFNO\DFKLHYLQJDJOLGHUDWLR S RIRQO\
uVRIOLJKWVZHUHH[FLWLQJEXWVKRUW:LQJVKDYH
JUDGXDOO\EHHQLPSURYHGKRZHYHU7KH\DUHQRZORQJDQG
QDUURZDQGPRUHOLNHFRQYHQWLRQDOZLQJVWKDQWKHRULJLQDO
GHOWDVKDSH$ORZHUIDEULFVNLQKDVDOVREHHQDGGHGWRWKH
RULJLQDOVLQJOHVNLQWRJLYHDPRUHHIILFLHQWDHURIRLOVHFWLRQ
7KHUHVXOWLVWKDWJOLGHUDWLRVDUHQRZRUEHWWHUDQG
KDQJJOLGHUVDUHDEOHOLNHJOLGHUVWRWDNHDGYDQWDJHRI
WKHUPDOVDQGPDNHIOLJKWVRI
RYHUPLOHV NP  :LQJPDGHRIOLJKW
VWURQJZRYHQ
'DFURQIDEULF

$OXPLQXPULEV
WRKROGZLQJLQ
VKDSH

7UDLOLQJHGJH
UHLQIRUFHGZLWK
P\ODU

)/,*+7%$*
2QHDUO\KDQJJOLGHUVWKHSLORWZRXOGGDQJOH
IURPDKDUQHVVDGDSWHGIURPFOLPELQJJHDU
7RUHGXFHGUDJDQGPDNHOLIHPRUHFRPIRUWDEOH
KDUQHVVHVKDYHEHHQUHSODFHGE\ORQJERG\
EDJV7KHVHERG\EDJVDUHVRVXSSRUWLYH 3LORWFOLSLQ
DQGVQXJWKDWDSLORWFDQPDNHIOLJKWV
RIVHYHUDOKRXUVZLWKRXWJHWWLQJ
WLUHGRUFROG

6KRXOGHUVWUDS

$UPKROH %RG\EDJ


6,03/()5$0(
7KHKDQJJOLGHUpVIUDPHLVPDGHRI
VHDPOHVVDLUFUDIWJUDGHDOXPLQXP
WXEHVEUDFHGE\VWDLQOHVVVWHHOFDEOHV,W
LVVWURQJDQGOLJKWDQGVRVLPSOHWKDWLW
FDQEHIROGHGIRUFDUU\LQJDQGHUHFWHGLQ
DPDWWHURIPLQXWHV3URMHFWLQJYHUWLFDOO\
EHQHDWKWKHEURDGWULDQJOHRIWKHZLQJ
VSDUVLVWKH$IUDPH+DQJJOLGHUSLORWV
DUHVXSSRUWHGE\WKHLUKDUQHVVRUERG\
EDJIURPWKHWRSRIWKH$IUDPHDQG
SODFHWKHLUKDQGVRQLWVEDUWRFRQWURO
WKHJOLGHUE\VZLQJLQJWKHLUERG\
RQHZD\RUWKHRWKHU

3($.3(5)250$1&(
,QPRXQWDLQRXVDUHDVKDQJJOLGLQJHQWKXVLDVWV
FDQJRXSRQDVNLOLIWIRUDQH[KLODUDWLQJ
IOLJKWGRZQWKHPRXQWDLQWRD
ODQGLQJDUHDDWWKHERWWRP
3LYRWIRU
$IUDPH $GMXVWDEOH
ZLQJMRLQW

$IUDPHXSULJKWV
DHURG\QDPLFDOO\VKDSHG
IRUPLQLPXPGUDJ
$OXPLQXP
$IUDPH ZLQJVSDUV

+DQGJULS 6SHHGEDU
JULSSHGE\SLORW

/HDGLQJHGJH
UHLQIRUFHGZLWKP\ODU
WRJLYHDQHIILFLHQW
DHURIRLOVKDSH

:+(5(p67+()86(/$*("
+DQJJOLGHUVFRPHLQDYDULHW\RI
GHVLJQV6RPHOLNHWKLV(LSSHU
4XLFNVLOYHUKDYHPDQ\VLPLODULWLHVWR
1RVHFRQHWR RUGLQDU\DLUFUDIWFRPELQLQJZHLJKWVKLIW
UHGXFHGUDJ ZLWKPRUHFRQYHQWLRQDOFRQWUROV


Portable planes
)ȳȰȮȵȩȦȧȪȳȴȵȥȢȺȴRISRZHUHG $OXPLQXP
ZLQJVSDU
IO\LQJHQWKXVLDVWVGUHDPHGRIDVPDOO
DLUFUDIWFKHDSHQRXJKDQGSUDFWLFDOHQRXJK
WREHIORZQE\RUGLQDU\SHRSOH<HWXQWLOUHFHQWO\
7HQVLRQLQJ
HYHQSODQHVOLNHWKHEDVLFDQGSRSXODUGH+DYLOODQG FDEOH
0RWKVHULHV S UHPDLQHGH[SHQVLYHFRPSOLFDWHG
PDFKLQHV7KHQLQ$XVWUDOLDQKDQJJOLGHUSLRQHHU%LOO
%HQQHWWEHJDQH[SHULPHQWLQJZLWKDKDQJJOLGHUDQGDFKDLQVDZ
PRWRUGULYLQJDSXVKHUSURSHOOHUEHKLQGWKHSLORW,WZDVQRWDOWRJHWKHU
VDIHEXWLWZRUNHGDQGWKHXOWUDOLJKWZDVERUQ6LQFHWKHQWKHZD\WKH
HQJLQHLVILWWHGKDVEHFRPHPXFKPRUHSUDFWLFDODQGVDIHDQGWKHIUDPH
KDVEHHQLPSURYHGWRWDNHWKHH[WUDORDG
8OWUDOLJKWV RUPLFUROLJKWVDVWKH\DUH :,'(:,1*
VRPHWLPHVNQRZQ DUHIORZQDOORYHU /LNHWKHKDQJJOLGHURQ
SDJHVtDIOH[ZLQJ
WKHZRUOG6RPHUHWDLQIOH[LEOHZLQJV XOWUDOLJKWOLNHWKLV6RODU
:LQJV3HJDVXV4KDVD
IOH[ZLQJ OLNHKDQJJOLGHUV2WKHUV VKDOORZWULDQJXODUZLQJ
7+(),5678/75$/,*+7" HVSHFLDOO\LQWKH86DQG$XVWUDOLDKDYH PDGHRI'DFURQ%XWLWLV
%UD]LOLDQSLRQHHU$OEHUWR6DQWRV'XPRQWpV EURDGHUWKDQWKHKDQJ
WLQ\1RPRQRSODQHKDGDZLQJVSDQRI
GHYHORSHGLQWRPLQLDWXUHDLUFUDIWZLWK JOLGHULQRUGHUWROLIW
MXVWIW P DQGZDVSHUKDSVWKHILUVW IL[HGZLQJVDQGFRQWUROVXUIDFHV WKHH[WUDZHLJKWRIWKH
XOWUDOLJKW+HGHVLJQHGLWLQ3DULVLQ HQJLQHWULNHDQGWZR
DVDQDHULDOqUXQDURXQGrDQGFRXOGGHULJ FUHZPHPEHUV
LWWRFDUU\LWRQKLVFDU

/DPLQDWHGZRRGHQSURSHOOHU
PRXQWHGVDIHO\RXWRIWKH KSZDWHUFRROHG
ZD\EHKLQGWKHFUHZWR $LULQWDNH WZLQF\OLQGHU
SXVKWKHDLUFUDIWDORQJ DQGILOWHU 5RWD[HQJLQH

3(*$686,1)/,*+7
)OH[ZLQJXOWUDOLJKWVDUH
H[WUHPHO\VDIHDQG
SUHGLFWDEOHDQGZLOO
QRWVWDOOXQWLOWKHLU
VSHHGGURSVEHORZ
PSK NSK  3DVVHQJHUpV
VHDW +DUQHVV

3LORWpVVHDW 5XGGHU
EDU

3ODVWLFWULNH
FRFNSLWRXWHUVKHOO
RQDOXPLQXPDOOR\ $,575,&<&/(
WXEHIUDPH 7KHFUHZRIDIOH[ZLQJXOWUDOLJKWXVXDOO\VLWVLQVLGH
DVPDOOILEHUJODVVFDUNQRZQDVDWULNHZKLFKKDV
WKUHHZKHHOVIRUVWDELOLW\ZKHQODQGLQJDQGWDNLQJ
RII7KHSDVVHQJHUVLWVEHKLQGDQGVOLJKWO\DERYHWKH
,QVWUXPHQW SLORWZKRIDFHVDFRQWUROSDQHOZLWKDVPDOOUDQJH
SDQHO RILQVWUXPHQWVLQFOXGLQJDQDLUVSHHGLQGLFDWRUDQG
DOWLPHWHU)RUWDNHRIIWKHSLORWUHYVXSWKHHQJLQH
ZLWKWKHIRRWWKURWWOHGXULQJIOLJKWDVWHDG\FUXLVH
VSHHGFDQEHVHWZLWKWKHKDQGWKURWWOH7KH6RODU
6WUHDPOLQHG :LQJV3HJDVXV4FDQFOLPEDWPRUHWKDQIW
QRVHFRQH P SHUPLQXWHDQGFUXLVHDWPSK NSK 


52%867)5$0(
7KLVXOWUDOLJKWKDVWKHVDPHVLPSOHFROODSVLEOH
DOXPLQXPIUDPHDVDKDQJJOLGHUH[FHSWWKDWLWLV
WKUHHWLPHVDVVWURQJ,WDOVRKDVWKHVDPH$IUDPHIRU
FRQWURO$VZLWKDKDQJJOLGHUWKHSLORWKROGVRQWR
WKHEDUDQGVKLIWVKLVRUKHUZHLJKWWRSLWFK GLYHRU
FOLPE WKHDLUFUDIWRUUROOOHIWRUULJKW

3LYRWIRU$IUDPH

$GMXVWDEOHZLQJ
$IUDPH VSDUMRLQW

6SHHGEDU

+DQGJULS

5XGGHU
$OXPLQXP
EDWWHQVWRNHHS
ZLQJLQVKDSH
'DFURQZLQJ

0\ODUOHDGLQJHGJH
LQVHUWWRVWLIIHQWKH
FRYHULQJDQGKHOS
PDLQWDLQDJRRG
DHURIRLOVKDSH


Did you know?
AMAZING FACTS
7KHILUVWZRPDQWRPDNHDVRORIOLJKW
ZDV%DURQHVV5D\PRQGHGH/DURFKH
LQ$\HDUODWHUVKHEHFDPHWKHILUVW
ZRPDQWRUHFHLYHDSLORWpVOLFHQVHJUDQWHG
E\WKH$ÆUR&OXERI)UDQFH

7KHILUVWVRORIOLJKWDFURVVWKH$WODQWLF
ZDVPDGHE\&KDUOHV/LQGEHUJKLQ
LQD5\DQPRQRSODQHFDOOHGWKH6SLULW
RI6W/RXLV2QHRIKLVFKDOOHQJHVRQWKH
:ULJKWEURWKHUVpILUVWIOLJKW KRXUIOLJKWZDVWRVWD\DZDNH+HGLG
WKLVE\SLQFKLQJKLPVHOIDQGRSHQLQJWKH
7KHILUVWSDVVHQJHUVLQDIUHHIOLJKW DLUFUDIWpVVLGHZLQGRZWRJHWEODVWVRIIUHVKDLU
ZHUHDVKHHSDGXFNDQGDURRVWHU
ZKLFKLQIOHZLQDZLFNHUEDVNHW
VXVSHQGHGIURPDEDOORRQGHVLJQHGE\ 7KHILUVWKHOLFRSWHUIOLJKWZDVPDGH
WKH0RQWJROILHUEURWKHUV E\)UHQFKPHFKDQLF3DXO&RUQX
LQZKHQKLVPDFKLQHOLIWHGDQG
KRYHUHGIRUVHFRQGV
7KHILUVWDHULDOVWRZDZD\ZDVD\RXQJ
)UHQFKPDQQDPHG)RQWDLQHZKR
MXPSHGLQWRD0RQWJROILHUKRWDLUEDOORRQ 7KH%OXH0D[ WKHQLFNQDPHRIWKH
MXVWDVLWZDVWDNLQJRIILQ-DQXDU\ 2UGUHSRXUOH0HULWHWKHKLJKHVW
*HUPDQKRQRUIRUVHUYLFHLQ:RUOG:DU, 
ZDVQDPHGDIWHUIO\LQJDFH0D[,PPHOPDQQ 6FKQHLGHU7URSK\SRVWHU
7KH)O\HUPDGHIRXUIOLJKWVRQ
'HFHPEHUZLWKWKH:ULJKW ,QWKH%UHLWOLQJ2UELWHUSLORWHG
EURWKHUVWDNLQJWXUQVIO\LQJ7KHORQJHVW ,QWKHHDUO\GD\VRIIO\LQJRQHRI E\%HUWUDQG3LFFDUGDQG%ULDQ-RQHV
IOLJKWRIWKHGD\ VHFRQGV ZDVPDGHE\ WKHPRVWIDPRXVDZDUGVZDVWKH EHFDPHWKHILUVWEDOORRQWRIO\QRQVWRS
:LOEXUDWIW P  6FKQHLGHU7URSK\7KHILUVW6FKQHLGHU DURXQGWKHZRUOG,Q$PHULFDQ6WHYH
VHDSODQHDLUUDFHKHOG )RVVHWWGLGWKLVVRORPDNLQJDGD\IOLJKW
LQ0RQDFRLQ
ZDVZRQE\0DXULFH
3UHYRVWWKHRQO\SLORW ,Q6WHYH)RVVHWWPDGHWKHIDVWHVW
WRFRPSOHWHWKHFRXUVH VRORDURXQGWKHZRUOGSODQHIOLJKW+H
+LVSODQHWUDYHOHGDW FLUFOHGWKHJOREHLQKRXUVDQGPLQXWHVLQ
DQDYHUDJHVSHHGRI WKHVSHFLDOO\EXLOW9LUJLQ$WODQWLF*OREDO)O\HU
PSK NSK  ,Q6ZLVVDYLDWRU5LFFDUGR0RUWDUDDQG
KLVWZRPDQFUHZFRPSOHWHGWKHIDVWHVWWHDP
IOLJKWDURXQGWKHZRUOG7KH\FLUFXPQDYLJDWHG
,QWKHILUVW WKHJOREHLQD5RFNZHOO6DEUHOLQHUMHW
DOOZRPDQDLUUDFH WDNLQJKRXUVDQGPLQXWHV
WRRNSODFHLQWKH8QLWHG
6WDWHVIURP6DQWD
0RQLFD&DOLIRUQLDWR
&OHYHODQG2KLR7KH
FRQWHVWDQWVLQFOXGHG
$PHOLD(DUKDUW S 

7KH%RHLQJ
(5FDQ
IO\DERXWPLOHV
NP ZLWKRXW
VWRSSLQJWRUHIXHO

7KHORQJHVW
PXVFOHSRZHUHG
IOLJKWZDVPDGHE\*UHHN
F\FOHFKDPSLRQ.DQHOORV
.DQHOORSRXORVLQWKH
'DHGDOXVLQ
SHGDOLQJQHDUO\PLOHV
NP LQKRXUV

&KDUOHV/LQGEHUJK 6WHYH)RVVHWW


QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

4 :KRZDVWKHILUVWSHUVRQLQ
KLVWRU\WRIO\"

$ 7KHILUVWSHUVRQWRIO\LQIUHHIOLJKW
ZDV-HDQ)UDQÄRLV3LO¿WUHGH5R]LHU
ZKRDFFRPSDQLHGE\WKH0DUTXLV
Gp$UODQGHVIOHZIRUPLQXWHVDQG
WUDYHOHGPLOHV NP LQD0RQWJROILHU
EDOORRQRQ1RYHPEHU+RZHYHU
WKHZRUOGpVILUVWDYLDWRULVFRQVLGHUHG
WREH2WWR/LOLHQWKDOZKRLQYHQWHGD
SUDFWLFDOKDQJJOLGHUDQGEHFDPHWKH
ILUVWSHUVRQWRPDNHUHSHDWHGFRQWUROOHG
IOLJKWVLQWKHHDUO\V2UYLOOH:ULJKW
PDGHWKHZRUOGpVILUVWSRZHUHGDLUSODQH
4 :K\DUHWKHEODGHVRIDQDLUFUDIW
SURSHOOHUWZLVWHG"

IOLJKWRQ'HFHPEHUDW.LWW\+DZN
1RUWK&DUROLQDLQWKH)O\HU7KHIOLJKWODVWHG
DPHUHVHFRQGVDQGWKHDLUFUDIWWUDYHOHG
$ $SURSHOOHUEODGHVSLQVIDVWHUDWWKHWLSV
WKDQDWWKHFHQWHU7ZLVWLQJWKHEODGH
HQVXUHVWKDWXQLIRUPWKUXVWLV
*HUPDQ
/9*&9,
7ZLVWHGSURSHOOHU

MXVWIW P  SURGXFHGDORQJLWVHQWLUHOHQJWK


HYHQWKRXJKGLIIHUHQWSDUWVRILW
DUHVSLQQLQJDWGLIIHUHQWVSHHGV 5HFRUGEUHDNHUV
/$5*(67$ƂƋƉƅźƇž
4 :K\ZDVWKH&RQFRUGH
EDQQHG" 7KH+XJKHV++HUFXOHVIO\LQJERDW
WKH6SUXFH*RRVHZDVWKHZRUOGpVODUJHVW

$ 'HVSLWHEHLQJWKHIDVWHVW
DLUOLQHUHYHUWKH&RQFRUGH
ZDVEDQQHGIURPVRPHDLUSRUWV
DLUSODQHZLWKDZLQJVSDQPHDVXULQJ
IW P 

EHFDXVHLWVWXUERMHWVZHUH 60$//(67$ƂƋƉƅźƇž
YHU\QRLV\GXULQJWDNHRIIDQG 7KHVPDOOHVWELSODQHLV%XPEOH%HH7ZR
ODQGLQJ,WZDVDOVRSUHYHQWHG ZKLFKLVMXVWIW P ORQJDQG
$LUEXV$ IURPIO\LQJDWVXSHUVRQLFVSHHGV ZHLJKVOE NJ 
RYHUODQGEHFDXVHRIWKHORXG

4 :KDWLVWKHZRUOGpVODUJHVW
FRPPHUFLDOSODQH"
qVXSHUVRQLFERRPrLWPDGHDV
LWFURVVHGWKHVRXQGEDUULHU
+($9,(67$ƂƋƉƅźƇž
7KH$QWRQRY$Q0UL\D PHDQLQJ
q'UHDPr LVWKHKHDYLHVWDLUFUDIWHYHUWRIO\

$ 7KH$LUEXV$PDGHLWVPDLGHQ
IOLJKWLQDQGHQWHUHGVHUYLFHLQ
ZLWK6LQJDSRUH$LUOLQHV,WKDVDZLQJVSDQRI 4 :KDWGRHVWKHIXWXUH
ORRNOLNHIRUDLUVKLSV"
ZHLJKLQJDVWDJJHULQJWRQV PHWULF
WRQV 7KHSODQHKDVVL[HQJLQHVDQGLWV
FDUJRKROGLVIW P ORQJ
DOPRVWIW P DQGIORRUVSDFHRIDERXW
)$67(67&200(5&,$/
VTIW VTP uSHUFHQWPRUHWKDQ
WKHQH[WODUJHVWDLUOLQHUWKH%RHLQJ
7KH$FDQVHDWSHRSOHLQDW\SLFDO
$ 7RGD\DLUVKLSVDUHXVHG
PDLQO\IRUSOHDVXUHIOLJKWV
DQGDGYHUWLVLQJEXWLQWKH
$,5/,1(5
7KH&RQFRUGHZKLFKZDVUHWLUHGIURP
WKUHHFODVVFRQILJXUDWLRQRUXSWRSHRSOH IXWXUHWKH\PD\ILQGUROHVLQ VHUYLFHLQKDGDPD[LPXPFUXLVLQJ
LQDOOHFRQRP\FODVVFRQILJXUDWLRQV GHIHQVHDQGVHFXULW\7KH86 VSHHGRI0DFKRUPSK 
$UP\LVLQYHVWLJDWLQJWKH NSK uWZLFHWKHVSHHGRIVRXQG$OWKRXJKLW
SRVVLELOLW\RIGHYHORSLQJKXJH FRXOGWUDYHORYHUWZLFHDVIDVWDVWKH%RHLQJ

4 +RZGLGWKHILUVWDYLDWRUVPDQDJH
WRILQGWKHLUZD\"
XQPDQQHGUHFRQQDLVVDQFH
DLUVKLSVWKDWZRXOGIORDWKLJK
RYHUZDU]RQHVJDWKHULQJGDWD
LWFRXOGVHDWMXVWSDVVHQJHUV

%86,(67$,53257
$ 7KHILUVWDLUSODQHVKDGQRLQVWUXPHQWV
VRWRILQGRXWZKHUHWKH\ZHUHDYLDWRUV
VLPSO\ORRNHGRXWRIWKHSODQHIRUODQGPDUNV
VWD\LQJDLUERUQHIRUZHHNVDWD
WLPH7KHVHFUDIWZLOODFWXDOO\EH
qK\EULGrDLUVKLSVPHDQLQJWKDW
+DUWVILHOG,QWHUQDWLRQDO$LUSRUWLQ
$WODQWD*HRUJLDZDVWKHZRUOGpVEXVLHVW
DLUSRUWLQERWKLQWHUPVRIWDNHRIIV
VXFKDVDFKXUFKWRZHURUUDLOURDGOLQH7RILQG WKH\ZLOOXVHDFRPELQDWLRQRI DQGODQGLQJV PRUHWKDQ DQG
WKHLUKHLJKWWKH\KDGVPDOOSRFNHWDOWLPHWHUV WKUXVWHUVDQGOLJKWHUWKDQDLU SDVVHQJHUQXPEHUV DURXQGPLOORQ 
VLPLODUWRWKRVHXVHGE\PRXQWDLQHHUV JDVWRUHPDLQDORIW

+DUWVILHOG,QWHUQDWLRQDO$LUSRUW$WODQWD*HRUJLD
3URSRVHG1RUWKURS*UXPPDQ/RQJ(QGXUDQFH0XOWL,QWHOOLJHQFH9HKLFOH


Who’s who?
7ȩȦȩȶȨȦȢȥȷȢȯȤȦȴȪȯȢȷȪȢȵȪȰȯPDGHLQWKHODVW\HDUVZHUHRQO\
SRVVLEOHEHFDXVHRIWKHEUDYHU\DQGGHGLFDWLRQRIWKHSLRQHHUVRIHDUO\
IO\LQJPDFKLQHV+HUHDUHVRPHRIWKRVHSLRQHHUVDQGDIHZRIWKHPDQ\
SHRSOHLQYROYHGLQWKHSURGXFWLRQRIJUHDWDLUFUDIWIURPGHVLJQHUVDQG
HQJLQHHUVWRPDQXIDFWXUHUVDQGWHVWSLORWV

PIONEERS OF FLIGHT
-ƈƌžƉƁźƇŽ¦ƍƂžƇƇž0ƈƇƍƀƈƅſƂžƋ )žƋŽƂƇźƇŽƏƈƇ
)UHQFKLQYHQWRUV-RVHSK t DQG =žƉƉžƅƂƇ
¦WLHQQH t ZHUHVRQVRIDSDSHU ʛ
PDQXIDFWXUHUIURPVRXWKHDVW)UDQFH *HUPDQDUP\RIILFHU
,QWHUHVWHGLQKRZSDSHUZDVOLIWHGXSD ZKRFRQVWUXFWHGD
FKLPQH\ZKHQSXWRQDILUHWKH\FUHDWHG GLULJLEOHRUULJLGDLUVKLS
WKHILUVWKRWDLUEDOORRQLQ QDPHGD=HSSHOLQ
EHWZHHQDQG
*žƈƋƀž&źƒƅžƒ ʛ ZKLFKILUVW
(QJOLVKHQJLQHHUDQGSLRQHHURIDYLDWLRQ IOHZRQ-XO\
ZKRGHYHORSHGWKHEDVLFSULQFLSOHVRI =HSSHOLQODWHUVHWXS
KHDYLHUWKDQDLUIOLJKW&D\OH\ZDVWKHILUVW DFRPSDQ\WREXLOG
LQYHQWRUWRILJXUHRXWKRZDZLQJZRUNVDQG DIOHHWRIDLUVKLSV
WRUHDOL]HWKHDGYDQWDJHVRIKDYLQJDFDPEHUHG :LOEXU:ULJKWDQGWKH)O\HU
ZLQJVXUIDFH,Q&D\OH\EXLOWWKHILUVW &ƅƧƆžƇƍ$ŽžƋ ʛ
VXFFHVVIXOSHUVRQFDUU\LQJJOLGHU )UHQFKHQJLQHHUZKREXLOWDVWHDPSRZHUHG 2ƋƏƂƅƅžźƇŽ:ƂƅŻƎƋ:ƋƂƀƁƍ
EDWZLQJHGSODQHFDOOHG¦ROHEHWZHHQ 7KHEURWKHUV2UYLOOH t DQG
+žƇƋƂ*ƂſſźƋŽ DQGPDNLQJWKHILUVWSLORWHGSRZHUHG :LOEXU t ZHUHVHOIWDXJKW
ʛ WDNHRIILQLWLQ2FWREHUDQGWUDYHOLQJ $PHULFDQDLUSODQHSLRQHHUVDQGWKHILUVWWR
)UHQFKHQJLQHHU DGLVWDQFHRIIW P  IO\LQDKHDYLHUWKDQDLUSRZHUHGDLUFUDIWWKH
DQGLQYHQWRUZKR )O\HUDW.LWW\+DZN1RUWK&DUROLQDRQ
LQEXLOWD 2ƍƍƈ/ƂƅƂžƇƍƁźƅ ʛ 'HFHPEHU7KH\SDWHQWHGWKHLU
FLJDUVKDSHGEDOORRQ *HUPDQDHURQDXWLFDOLQYHQWRUDQGSLRQHHU IO\LQJPDFKLQHDQGLQIRUPHGDQ
HTXLSSHGZLWKD RIJOLGHUVZKRVWXGLHGWKHIOLJKWRIELUGVLQ DLUFUDIWSURGXFWLRQFRPSDQ\
UXGGHUSURSHOOHUDQG RUGHUWREXLOGDKHDYLHUWKDQDLUIO\LQJ
OLJKWVWHDPHQJLQH+H PDFKLQH+HSXEOLVKHGDERRNEDVHGRQ /ƈƎƂƌ%ƅƧƋƂƈƍ ʛ
VXFFHHGHGLQVWHHULQJ KLVUHVHDUFKFDOOHG%LUG)OLJKWDVWKH%DVLVRI )UHQFKDLUPDQZKRSLRQHHUHGWKH
LWIRUPLOHV NP  $YLDWLRQ  /LOLHQWKDOWKHQEXLOWDVHULHV PRQRSODQHDLUFUDIWZLWKDVLQJOHZLQJ
*LIIDUGpVEDOORRQZDV RIIL[HGZLQJPRQRSODQHDQGELSODQHJOLGHUV VHSDUDWHWDLODQGIURQWHQJLQH2Q-XO\
WKHIRUHUXQQHURIWKH PDNLQJRYHUIOLJKWV+HZDVNLOOHGLQ KHPDGHWKHILUVWIOLJKWDFURVVWKH
PRGHUQGLULJLEOH DIO\LQJDFFLGHQWQHDU%HUOLQZKHQWKHZLQG (QJOLVK&KDQQHOLQKLVVPDOO7\SH;,
2WWR/LOLHQWKDO RUDLUVKLS EOHZKLVJOLGHURXWRIFRQWURO DLUFUDIWEHFRPLQJDQLQVWDQWFHOHEULW\

INVENTORS, ENGINEERS, AND DESIGNERS


(ƅƆžƋ$ƆŻƋƈƌž6ƉžƋƋƒ ʛ -ƎźƇŽžƅź&ƂžƋƏź ʛ
$PHULFDQLQYHQWRURIWKHJ\URFRPSDVV 6SDQLVKLQYHQWRURIWKHDXWRJLURuDURWRU
DQGIRUDLUSODQHVWKHGLUHFWLRQDOJ\URWKH FUDIWZLWKDIUHHO\URWDWLQJZLQJuWKDW
J\URKRUL]RQDQGWKHGULIWLQGLFDWRU+LV DLPHGWREHDVDIHIRUPRIDLUWUDQVSRUWDWLRQ
VRQ/DZUHQFH6SHUU\ t 
GHVLJQHGDUHWUDFWDEOHXQGHUFDUULDJH )ƋźƇƄ:ƁƂƍƍƅž ʛ
%ULWLVKSLRQHHURIMHWDLUFUDIWZKRWUDLQHGDVD
,ƀƈƋ,ƏźƇƈƏƂżƁ6ƂƄƈƋƌƄƒ ʛ SLORWLQWKH5$) 5R\DO$LU)RUFH EHFRPLQJ
5XVVLDQERUQDHURQDXWLFDOHQJLQHHUZKR DWHVWSLORW+HGHYLVHGDMHWSURSHOOLQJJDV
EXLOWDLUSODQHVIO\LQJERDWVDQGLQ WXUELQHHQJLQHODWHUXVHGLQD*ORVWHUDLUFUDIW
WKHILUVWVXFFHVVIXOKHOLFRSWHUWKH96 LQ+LVLQYHQWLRQOHGWRWKHZRUOGZLGH
XVHRIMHWVLQKLJKVSHHGKLJKIO\LQJDLUFUDIW
6ƂŽƇžƒ&źƆƆ ʛ
(QJOLVKDLUFUDIWGHVLJQHUDW+DZNHU6LGGHOH\ +źƇƌƏƈƇ2ƁźƂƇ ʛ
$YLDWLRQZKRVHGHVLJQVLQFOXGHGWKH)XU\ *HUPDQ$PHULFDQHQJLQHHUZKRLQYHQWHGD
+DUWDQG'HPRQELSODQHVWKHMHWHQJLQHG MHWHQJLQHLQGHSHQGHQWO\RI)UDQN:KLWWOH
6HD+DZNDQGWKH+DUULHU-XPS-HW 2KDLQpVHQJLQHSRZHUHGWKHZRUOGpVILUVWMHW
DLUFUDIWWKHSURWRW\SH+HLQNHO+HEXW
,JRU,YDQRYLFK6LNRUVN\ WKHSODQHQHYHUZHQWLQWRIXOOSURGXFWLRQ


MANUFACTURERS
*žƈſſƋžƒŽž+źƏƂƅƅźƇŽ ʛ 'ƈƇźƅŽ:Ƃƅƅƌ'ƈƎƀƅźƌ ʛ
%ULWLVKDLUFUDIWGHVLJQHUDQGWHVWSLORW+H $PHULFDQGHVLJQHUDQGPDQXIDFWXUHURI
VWDUWHGKLVRZQFRPSDQ\LQEXLOGLQJ DLUFUDIWZKRVHWXSDFRPSDQ\FDOOHG
WKH'+0RWKOLJKWDLUSODQHWKH 'DYLG'RXJODV&RLQ7KH
0RVTXLWRDQGWKH&RPHWWKHILUVWMHWOLQHU FRPSDQ\pVVXFFHVVIXODLUFUDIWLQFOXGHG
WKH'RXJODV:RUOG&UXLVHUVu
(ƋƇƌƍ+žƂƇƋƂżƁ+žƂƇƄžƅ ʛ WZRRIZKLFKPDGHDQKLVWRULF
*HUPDQDLUFUDIWHQJLQHHUZKRLQ DURXQGWKHZRUOGIOLJKWLQ
EHJDQPDNLQJVHDSODQHVIO\LQJERDWVDQG uDQGWKHMHWHQJLQHG
PLOLWDU\DLUFUDIW+HDOVREXLOWWKHILUVWMHW '&'&'&DQG
SODQHWKH+HLQDQGWKHILUVW '&7KHFRPSDQ\
URFNHWSRZHUHGDLUFUDIWWKH+H PHUJHGZLWKWKH
:LOOLDP(GZDUG%RHLQJ 0F'RQQHOO$LUFUDIW
$ƅƅźƇ+źƂƇžƌ/ƈżƄƁžžŽ ʛ &RUSRUDWLRQ
+Ǝƀƈ-ƎƇƄžƋƌ ʛ $PHULFDQDLUFUDIWPDQXIDFWXUHUZKRVWDUWHG LQ
*HUPDQDLUFUDIWHQJLQHHUZKRVHFRPSDQ\ WKH$OFR+\GUR$LUSODQH&RPSDQ\LQ WREHFRPH
EXLOWWKHILUVWVXFFHVVIXODOOPHWDOSODQHLQ WKHQLQ/RXJKKHDG$LUFUDIWZKLFK 0F'RQQHOO
DQGWKHILUVWOLJKWDOOR\SODQHLQ ZDVUHODXQFKHGDVWKH/RFNKHHG$LUFUDIW 'RXJODV
&RPSDQ\LQ
:ƂƅƅƂźƆ(ŽƐźƋŽ%ƈžƂƇƀ ʛ
$PHULFDQDLUFUDIWPDQXIDFWXUHUZKRIRUPHG $ƇƍƁƈƇƒ)ƈƄƄžƋ ʛ
WKH3DFLILF$HUR3URGXFWV&RPSDQ\LQ 'XWFKDLUFUDIWHQJLQHHUZKRIRXQGHGWKH
7KHFRPSDQ\ZDVUHQDPHGWKH%RHLQJ )RNNHUDLUFUDIWIDFWRU\LQ*HUPDQ\LQ
$LUSODQH&RPSDQ\LQEHFRPLQJWKH ZKLFKPDGHDLUFUDIWIRUWKH*HUPDQDLU
ZRUOGpVODUJHVWPDNHURIDLUFUDIW,Q IRUFHGXULQJ:RUOG:DU,+HHPLJUDWHGWR
%RHLQJPHUJHGZLWK0F'RQQHOO'RXJODV WKH86LQEHFRPLQJSUHVLGHQWRIWKH 'RQDOG:LOOV
WREHFRPH7KH%RHLQJ&RPSDQ\ )RNNHU$LUFUDIW&RUSRUDWLRQRI$PHULFD 'RXJODV

AVIATORS
&ƁźƋƅžƌ.ƂƇƀƌſƈƋŽ6ƆƂƍƁ &ƁźƋƅžƌ$ƎƀƎƌƍƎƌ/ƂƇŽŻžƋƀƁ
ʛ ʛ
$XVWUDOLDQSLORWZKRPDGHWKHILUVWIOLJKW $PHULFDQDYLDWRUZKRZRUNHGDVDQ
DFURVVWKH3DFLILFIURPWKH86WR$XVWUDOLD DLUPDLOSLORWDQGEHFDPHIDPRXVDIWHUKH
LQ,QWKHVDPH\HDU6PLWKPDGHWKH PDGHWKHILUVWVRORQRQVWRSIOLJKWDFURVV
ILUVWQRQVWRSIOLJKWDFURVV$XVWUDOLDDQG WKH$WODQWLFIURP1HZ<RUNWR3DULVLQ
WKHILUVWIOLJKWIURP$XVWUDOLDWR1HZ 0D\LQKLVSODQHWKH6SLULWRI6W/RXLV
=HDODQG+HDOVRIRUPHG$XVWUDOLDQ1DWLRQDO
$LUZD\V.LQJVIRUG6PLWKDQGKLVFUHZODWHU $Ɔƒ-ƈƁƇƌƈƇ ʛ
GLVDSSHDUHGRYHUWKH%D\RI%HQJDO %ULWLVKDYLDWRUZKRJRWKHUSLORWpVOLFHQVH
LQDQGMXVWWZR\HDUVODWHUPDGHD
$ƆžƅƂź(źƋƁźƋƍ ʛ VRORIOLJKWIURP(QJODQGWR$XVWUDOLDLQ
$PHULFDQDYLDWRUDQGWKHILUVWZRPDQWRIO\ GD\V-RKQVRQPDGHWKHWULSLQDGH
WKH$WODQWLFIURP1HZIRXQGODQGWR:DOHV +DYLOODQG'+0RWKQLFNQDPHGq-DVRQr
RQ-XQHLQD/RFNKHHG9HJD
$PHOLD(DUKDUW (DUKDUWDQGKHUQDYLJDWRU)UHG1RRQDQ &ƁźƋƅžƌq&ƁƎżƄr<žźƀžƋ ʛ
GLVDSSHDUHGRYHUWKH3DFLILFLQ-XO\ $PHULFDQWHVWSLORWZKRIRXJKWZLWKWKH
GXULQJDQDWWHPSWWRIO\DURXQGWKHZRUOG 86$UP\$LU&RUSVGXULQJ:RUOG:DU,,
$ƋƍƁƎƋ:ƁƂƍƍžƇ%ƋƈƐƇ ʛ <HDJHUEHFDPHWKHILUVWSHUVRQWRIO\
%ULWLVKDYLDWRUDQGQDYLJDWRUZLWK-RKQ :Ƃƅžƒ3ƈƌƍ ʛ IDVWHUWKDQWKHVSHHGRIVRXQGDWDURXQG
:LOOLDP$OFRFNRQWKHILUVWQRQVWRS $PHULFDQDYLDWRUZKRVHW PSK NSK RU0DFKRQ
FURVVLQJRIWKH$WODQWLF DUHFRUGWLPHIRUIO\LQJ 2FWREHULQD%HOO;6URFNHW
DURXQGWKHZRUOG SODQH7KHSODQHZDVQLFNQDPHG
0źƑ,ƆƆžƅƆźƇƇ ʛ LQWKH/RFNKHHG q*OHQQLVrDIWHU<HDJHUpVZLIH
)O\LQJDFHRI:RUOG:DU,+HKDGDQDHULDO 9HJD:LQQLH0DH
PDQHXYHU WKH,PPHOPDQQWXUQ QDPHG LQ-XQHZLWK
DIWHUKLPFRPSULVLQJRIDKDOIORRSWKHQ QDYLJDWRU+DUROG
DKDOIUROO,WZDVVDLGWREHDZD\IRUSLORWV *DWW\7KHWULS
WRHVFDSHSXUVXLWRUPRXQWDQDWWDFN0D[ WRRNGD\V
,PPHOPDQQZDVNLOOHGLQDFWLRQLQ KRXUVDQG
PLQXWHV7ZR
-ƈƁƇ:ƂƅƅƂźƆ$ƅżƈżƄ ʛ \HDUVODWHU3RVW
(QJOLVKDYLDWRUZKRLQ-XQHZLWK EHFDPHWKHILUVW
$UWKXU:KLWWHQ%URZQDVQDYLJDWRUEHFDPH SHUVRQWRIO\
WKHILUVWWRIO\DFURVVWKH$WODQWLFQRQVWRS VRORDURXQG
IURP1HZIRXQGODQGWR,UHODQG6KRUWO\ WKHZRUOG:LOH\
DIWHUZDUG$OFRFNZDVNLOOHGLQDQDLUSODQH 3RVWZDVNLOOHGLQ
DFFLGHQWLQ)UDQFH DQDLUFUDVKLQ &KDUOHVq&KXFNr<HDJHU


Find out more
<ȰȶȤȢȯȧȪȯȥȰȶȵDERXWWKH
KLVWRU\RIDLUWUDYHOE\YLVLWLQJ
PXVHXPVZKHUH\RXFDQVHH
VRPHRIWKHIDPRXVHDUO\
SODQHVRIWKHSLRQHHUV
RUHYHQWU\RXWDIOLJKW
VLPXODWRU7KHUHDUHDOVR
7$.($5,'(
DLUVKRZVDQGEDOORRQLQJ $WVRPHPXVHXPVDQGDLU
HYHQWVDURXQGWKHZRUOG VKRZVLWLVSRVVLEOHWRWDNH
WRWKHVN\LQDQDLUSODQH
ZKHUHLWLVSRVVLEOHWR )RUH[DPSOHYLVLWRUVWRWKH
VHHDOONLQGVRIFLYLODQG 2OG5KLQHEHFN$HURGURPH
LQ1HZ<RUN6WDWHFDQKDYH
PLOLWDU\DLUFUDIWKRWDLU DULGHLQDQRSHQFRFNSLW
ELSODQH SLFWXUHGDERYH 
EDOORRQVDQGDLUVKLSVXS <RXFDQDOVRJRXSLQDYLQWDJH
FORVH7KHLQWHUQHWLVD 7LJHU0RWKRUGH+DYLOODQG
'UDJRQ5DSLGHDWWKH8.pV
JUHDWUHVRXUFHIRUILQGLQJ ,PSHULDO:DU0XVHXPLQ
RXWDERXWHYHQWVWKDW\RX 'X[IRUG&DPEULGJHVKLUH
FDQQRWDWWHQGLQSHUVRQ

'XWFK%DOORRQ
7URSK\:H]XSHUEUXJ
1HWKHUODQGV
%$//221,1*(9(176
0DQ\FRXQWULHVKDYHWKHLURZQQDWLRQDO
EDOORRQFKDPSLRQVKLSVDQGORFDOIHVWLYDOV
DWZKLFK\RXFDQVHHWKHODWHVWPRGHOVRI )HDWXUHVLQFOXGHORQJ
FRPSHWLWLYHDQGILHVWDEDOORRQV7KH:RUOG WKLQZLQJVD8VKDSHG
%DOORRQLQJ&KDPSLRQVKLSVDUHKHOGHYHU\ WDLODQGHQJLQHVSDUWO\
WZR\HDUV7KHWK&KDPSLRQVKLSVZHUH HPEHGGHGLQWKHIXVHODJH
KHOGDW'HEUHFHQ+XQJDU\LQ
$LUEXV&RQFHSW3ODQH ,17+(35(66
1HZGHYHORSPHQWVLQDYLDWLRQDUHRIWHQUHSRUWHG
LQWKHPHGLD)RUH[DPSOHWKH$LUEXV&RQFHSW
3ODQHuWKH$LUEXVFRPSDQ\pVYLVLRQRIKRZ
DLUOLQHUVFRXOGORRNE\WKHPLGVWFHQWXU\u
ZDVUHYHDOHGWRWKHSUHVVGXULQJWKH
)DUQERURXJK,QWHUQDWLRQDODLUVKRZLQWKH8.

$,56+2:6
0DQ\FRXQWULHVKROGDLUVKRZVDWZKLFK\RX
FDQVHHH[KLELWVIURPDOORYHUWKHZRUOG7KH
3DULV$LUVKRZEHJDQLQDQGLVFXUUHQWO\
KHOGDW/H%RXUJHW$LUSRUWLQ3DULV)UDQFH
7KH8.pV)DUQERURXJK,QWHUQDWLRQDODQ
DLUVKRZRUJDQL]HGE\WKH6RFLHW\RI%ULWLVK
$HURVSDFH&RPSDQLHVRFFXUVHYHU\WZR\HDUV
MXVWZHVWRI/RQGRQ7KHVKRZZKLFK
KDGPRUHWKDQDLUFUDIWHLWKHUIO\LQJRU
RQVWDWLFGLVSOD\DQGKXQGUHGVPRUHH[KLELWV
DWWUDFWHGQHDUO\YLVLWRUV7KHDQQXDO
/RQGRQ$LUVKRZDQG%DOORRQ)HVWLYDOKHOG
DW/RQGRQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO$LUSRUWLQ2QWDULR
&DQDGDDOORZVYLVLWRUVWRJHWXSFORVHWR
DLUFUDIWZDWFKIO\LQJGLVSOD\VDQGHYHQ
$LUFUDIWDQGFURZGVDWWKH)DLUIRUG$LUVKRZ*ORXFHVWHUVKLUH8. WDNHEDOORRQDQGKHOLFRSWHUULGHV


2QHRIWKH5HG
$UURZVp+DZN
Museums to visit
MHWWUDLQHUDLUFUDIW
60,7+621,$1,167,787,211$7,21$/
$,5$1'63$&(086(80:$6+,1*721'&
ZZZQDVPVLHGX
$(5,$/',63/$<6
7KLVKXJHPXVHXPKDVPRUHWKDQDLUFUDIW
$WPDQ\DLUVKRZVDQGRWKHUHYHQWV LQLWVFROOHFWLRQPDQ\RIZKLFKDUHRQGLVSOD\
\RXFDQVHHGDULQJDHURQDXWLFDO :RUWKVHHLQJDUHWKHKLVWRULF:ULJKW)O\HU
GLVSOD\V2QHRIWKHPRVWIDPRXV WKH5\DQ6SLULWRI6W/RXLVDQGWKH%HOO;
DHURQDXWLFDOWHDPVLVWKH5R\DO$LU
)RUFHpV5HG$UURZV,I\RXFDQQRW 7+(1(:(1*/$1'$,5086(80:,1'625
VHHWKHPLQSHUVRQ\RXFDQILQG /2&.6&7
QHZVSKRWRVDQGGHWDLOVRIWKHLU ZZZQHDPRUJ
PDQHXYHUVDWZZZUDIPRGXNUHGV 7KLVDYLDWLRQPXVHXPKROGVPDQ\IDVFLQDWLQJ
H[KLELWVIURPDLUFUDIWDQGHQJLQHGLVSOD\VWRWKH
7XVNHJHH$LUPHQ(DUO\)UHQFK$YLDWLRQDQGD
+LVWRU\RI$LU0DOO
:KHQSRGFORVHVVFUHHQVKRZV
ILOPRIIOLJKWDVVHHQWKURXJK 7+(,175(3,'6($$,5$1'63$&(086(80
WKHFRFNSLWRID5HG$UURZVMHW 1(:<25.1<
ZZZLQWUHSLGPXVHXPRUJ
7KHVFDOHRIWKLVROGDLUFUDIWFDUULHUJLYHVWKH
+$1'6ʜ21
,QWUHSLGPXVHXPDQLPSUHVVLYHEDFNGURSWRLWV
6RPHPXVHXPVVXFKWKH6FLHQFH
DLUFUDIWFROOHFWLRQLQFOXGLQJWKH$,QWUXGHUDQG
0XVHXPLQ/RQGRQ8.KDYHKDQGVRQ
WKH)-)XU\ZKLFKRQFHDFWXDOO\IOHZRIIWKH
GLVSOD\VZKHUH\RXFDQWU\RXWDQDLUFUDIW
,QWUHSLGDVSDUWRIKHUDLUJURXS
IOLJKWVLPXODWRUZLWKIHHGLQDQGIHHG
EDFNFRPSXWHUGDWD7KH6FLHQFH0XVHXP
6$1',(*2$(5263$&(086(806$1',(*2&$
DOVRKDVD'PRWLRQHIIHFWVH[KLELWWKDW
ZZZDHURVSDFHPXVHXPRUJOLQNVKWPO
JLYHV\RXDQLGHDRIZKDWLWLVOLNHWRIO\
$LUWUDYHOXQIROGVDWWKHODUJH6DQ'LHJR
ZLWKWKH5HG$UURZVDHUREDWLFWHDP
$HURVSDFH0XVHXPZLWKDPRGHORIWKH
6RPHFRPSXWHUJDPHFRPSDQLHVPDNH
0RQWJROILHUEURWKHUVKRWDLUEDOORRQRI
IOLJKWVLPXODWLRQJDPHVWKDWDOORZ\RXWR
DQGIROORZVZLWKH[KLELWVFKDUWLQJWKHGDZQRI
WHVW\RXUIO\LQJDQGODQGLQJVNLOOVLQDOO
SRZHUHGIOLJKWDLUFRPEDWLQ:RUOG:DUDQG
NLQGVRIZHDWKHUFRQGLWLRQV
EH\RQG+LJKOLJKWVLQFOXGHD6SLWILUH0.29
DQ$6N\KDZNMHWDQGD1DY\))+HOOFDW
)O\'H[KLELW6FLHQFH0XVHXP
/RQGRQ8.
(($$,59(1785(086(8026+.26+:,
KWWSPXVHXPHHDRUJ
7KHPXVHXPKRVWVWKHODUJHVWDLUVKRZLQWKH86
7KLVODUJHPXVHXPKRXVHVDFROOHFWLRQRIPRUH
WKDQKLVWRULFDLUSODQHVDQGERDVWVILYHPRYLH
WKHDWHUV7KHqKDQGVRQr+DQJHU;LVDQH[FLWLQJ
LQWHUDFWLYHJDOOHU\IRUNLGVRIDOODJHV$OVRQRWWR
EHPLVVHGLVWKH(DJOH+DQJHUZKLFKGLVSOD\VD
WULEXWHWR:RUOG:DU,,DYLDWLRQ

1$7,21$/086(802)7+(81,7('67$7(6$,5
)25&('$<7212+
ZZZQDWLRQDOPXVHXPDIPLO
7KH1DWLRQDO0XVHXPRIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV$LU
)RUFHLVWKHODUJHVWDQGROGHVWPLOLWDU\DYLDWLRQ
PXVHXPLQWKHZRUOG7KLVXQLTXHIUHHDWWUDFWLRQ
3ODQHZDWFKHUV WHOOVWKHH[FLWLQJVWRU\RIDYLDWLRQGHYHORSPHQW
JDWKHUQHDU IURPWKHGD\VRIWKH:ULJKW%URWKHUVDW.LWW\
+HDWKURZ$LUSRUW +DZNWRWKHSUHVHQW(DFK\HDURYHURQHPLOOLRQ
/RQGRQWRVHH YLVLWRUVWRXUDFUHVRILQGRRUH[KLELWVIHDWXULQJ
WKHILUVWYLVLWRI RYHUDLUFUDIWDQGPLVVLOHVDQGWKRXVDQGVRI
WKH$LUEXV$ DUWLIDFWVLQFOXGLQJSHUVRQDOPHPRUDELOLD
WRWKH8.LQ XQLIRUPVDQGSKRWRJUDSKV
3/$1(:$7&+,1*
6RPHDLUSRUWVHVSHFLDOO\VPDOOHU 86()8/:(%6,7(6
RQHVKDYHVSHFWDWRUJDOOHULHV
ZKHUHYLVLWRUVFDQVHHSODQHV s,QWHUDFWLYHLQIRUPDWLRQRQDLUSODQHVSLORWLQJDQGGHVLJQ
ODQGUHIXHODQGWDNHRII(YHQ NLGVPVIFQDVDJRY5RFNHWV$LUSODQHV
LIVXFKIDFLOLWLHVGRQRWH[LVW s,QIRUPDWLRQDERXWXSFRPLQJDLUVKRZHYHQWVLQWKH
WKHUHPD\EHDUHDVEHVLGHWKH 8QLWHG6WDWHVDQG&DQDGD
UXQZD\VZKHUH\RXDUHDOORZHG ZZZDLUVKRZVFRP
WRZDWFKWKHSODQHVFRPHDQGJR s1HZVDERXW%RHLQJDQGLWVSODQHV
$WVRPHEXV\DLUSRUWVDVPDQ\ ZZZERHLQJFRP
DVDLUFUDIWWDNHRIIDQGODQG s'HWDLOVRQWKHDYLDWLRQKLVWRU\RI1RUWK$PHULFDDQG
HYHU\KRXU6RPHSHRSOHJR VWDWHE\VWDWHOLVWLQJVRIDLUPXVHXPV
HVSHFLDOO\WRVSRWSDUWLFXODUW\SHV ZZZDHURILOHVFRP
RIDLUFUDIWORRNLQJIRUWKH s'HWDLOVDERXWWKH6XQ1)XQ&HOHEUDWLRQIOLJKW
GLVWLQFWLYHLQVLJQLDDQGFRORUV ZZZVXQQIXQRUJ 0RGHORIWKH:ULJKWEURWKHUVp)O\HU
RIGLIIHUHQWQDWLRQDODLUOLQHV


Glossary
$8720$7,&3,/27
$OVRFDOOHGDQDXWRSLORWDQHOHFWURQLFV\VWHP
WKDWDXWRPDWLFDOO\VWDELOL]HVDQDLUFUDIWDQG
FDQSXWLWEDFNRQLWVRULJLQDOIOLJKWSDWK
DIWHUDGLVWXUEDQFHVXFKDVWXUEXOHQFH,Q
PRGHUQDLUFUDIWWKHDXWRSLORWFDQEHVHW
VRWKDWWKHDLUFUDIWIROORZVDFHUWDLQFRXUVH

%$//21(7 $LUILOOHGFRPSDUWPHQWLQVLGH
DQDLUVKLSpVHQYHORSH ZKLFKFRQWDLQVOLJKWHU
WKDQDLUKHOLXPJDV ,WLVXVHGWRFRQWUROWKH
$LUVKLS$%&/LJKWVKLS$ DLUVKLSpVKHLJKW/HWWLQJDLURXWRIWKHEDOORQHW
PDNHVWKHDLUVKLSOLJKWHUVRLWULVHVSXPSLQJ
$(52'<1$0,&6 7KHVWXG\RIWKH DLULQPDNHVWKHDLUVKLSKHDYLHUVRLWVLQNV
PRYHPHQWRIREMHFWVWKURXJKDLU
%,3/$1( )L[HGZLQJDLUFUDIWZLWK
$(52)2,/ &XUYHGZLQJVKDSHLQZKLFK WZRZLQJV
WKHXSSHUVXUIDFHLVORQJHU IURPOHDGLQJ
WRWUDLOLQJHGJH WKDQWKHORZHUVXUIDFH %2*,( 7\SHRIODQGLQJOHJRQDQDLUFUDIW
ZLWKWZRRUPRUHSDLUVRIZKHHOV
$,/(521 )ODSRQDQDLUSODQHpVWUDLOLQJ (XURFRSWHU++'ROSKLQKHOLFRSWHU
HGJHHQDEOLQJDQDLUSODQHWRWLOWWRRQH &$0%(5 &XUYHRQWKHZLQJVHFWLRQRI
VLGH UROOLQJRUEDQNLQJ  DQDLUSODQH (19(/23( &DVLQJ XVXDOO\FRDWHGLQ
Q\ORQ RIDQDLUVKLSWKDWFRQWDLQVWKHJDV
$,5%5$.( 6XUIDFHWKDWFDQEHH[WHQGHG &2&.3,7 &RPSDUWPHQWLQDQDLUSODQHpV XVHGWRSURYLGHOLIW
IURPDQDLUFUDIWpVZLQJVWRVORZLWGRZQRU IXVHODJHIRUWKHSLORW V DQGVRPHWLPHV
VWHHSHQLWVGHVFHQW RWKHUFUHZ )/<,1*%2$7 $LUSODQHZLWKDZDWHUWLJKW
KXOOZKLFKDOORZVLWWRPRYHRQZDWHU
$,56+,3 /RQJWKLQOLJKWHUWKDQDLUFUDIW ',5,*,%/( $EOHWREHVWHHUHGDQRWKHU
XVXDOO\ILOOHGZLWKKHOLXPRUKRWDLURIWHQ QDPHIRUDQDLUVKLS )86(/$*( %RG\RIDQDLUFUDIWIURPWKH
VWHHUHGE\VZLYHOLQJSURSHOOHUVWRKHOS )UHQFKZRUGIXVHOHUPHDQLQJqWRVKDSH
ZLWKWDNHRIIDQGODQGLQJ '23( $LUSODQHYDUQLVKSDLQWHGRQWR OLNHDVSLQGOHr
IDEULFWRPDNHLWVWURQJHUDQGWLJKWHU
$/7,0(7(5 ,QVWUXPHQWXVHGWRPHDVXUHDQ */$66&2&.3,7 &RFNSLWLQZKLFK
DLUSODQHpVDOWLWXGHRUKHLJKWRIIWKHJURXQG '5$* 3UHVVXUHRIDLUVORZLQJGRZQ WUDGLWLRQDOLQVWUXPHQWVVXFKDVGLDOVDUH
DQDLUSODQHZKHQLQIOLJKW UHSODFHGE\HOHFWURQLFGLVSOD\VRQJODVV
$57,),&,$/+25,=21 ,QVWUXPHQWXVHG VFUHHQVRUPRUHXVXDOO\OLTXLGFU\VWDO
WRLQGLFDWHDQDLUFUDIWpVSRVLWLRQLQUHODWLRQ '5,)7,1',&$725 ,QVWUXPHQWWKDW GLVSOD\V /&'V 
WRWKHKRUL]RQHQDEOLQJDSLORWWRODQGPRUH VKRZVDQDLUSODQHpVDQJOHRIGULIW LWVVLGHZD\V
VDIHO\LQSRRUZHDWKHURUDWQLJKWRIWHQ PRYHPHQWEHFDXVHRIFURVVZLQG  */,'(5$7,2 +RZIDUIRUZDUGDQDLUFUDIW
FDOOHGDJ\URKRUL]RQ WUDYHOVIRUHYHU\PHWHULWGHVFHQGVZKHQLW
(/(9$725 )ODSRQDSODQHpVWDLOWKDWHQDEOHV LVJOLGLQJXQSRZHUHG$JOLGHUDWLRRI
$872*,52 &UDIWZLWKDFRQYHQWLRQDO WKHSODQHWRPRYHXSRUGRZQ FDOOHGSLWFKLQJ  PHDQVWKDWWKHDLUFUDIWGURSVE\P IW 
SURSHOOHUDQGDOVRDURWRUWKDWLVVSXQE\WKH IRUHYHU\P IW LWIOLHV
DFWLRQRIDLUIORZLQJWKURXJKLWVGLVNIURP (/(9216 &RQWUROVXUIDFHVRQZLQJVZLWK
EHORZIRUHUXQQHURIWKHKHOLFRSWHU WKHVDPHIXQFWLRQVDVDLOHURQVDQGHOHYDWRUV */,'(5 8QSRZHUHGDLUFUDIWZLWKDZLGH
ZLQJVSDQWKDWXVHVFXUUHQWVRIKRWULVLQJ
DLU WKHUPDOV WRVWD\DLUERUQHFRQWUROOHG
ZLWKDUXGGHUHOHYDWRUVDQGDLOHURQV

*21'$/$ 7KHFDELQRIDQDLUVKLSLQZKLFK
WKHSDVVHQJHUVDQGFUHZWUDYHO

+$1*͆*/,'(5 8QSRZHUHGFUDIWWKDWXVHV
WKHUPDOVIRUOLIWPDGHRIPDWHULDOVWUHWFKHG
DFURVVDVLPSOHIUDPHWRIRUPDZLQJ7KH
SLORWKDQJVEHORZWKHZLQJLQDKDUQHVVRU
ERG\EDJDQGVWHHUVE\VKLIWLQJKLVRUKHU
ZHLJKWIURPVLGHWRVLGH

+(/,&237(5 $LUFUDIWSRZHUHGOLIWHGDQG
VWHHUHGE\URWDWLQJEODGHV$KHOLFRSWHUFDQ
WDNHRIIYHUWLFDOO\IO\VORZO\KRYHUDQG
PRYHLQDQ\GLUHFWLRQ+HOLFRSWHUVDUHRIWHQ
XVHGIRUWUDIILFVXUYHLOODQFHDQGUHVFXHZRUN
EHFDXVHRIWKHLUPDQHXYHUDELOLW\

+27͆$,5%$//221 /LJKWHUWKDQDLUFUDIW
XVHGPDLQO\IRUUHFUHDWLRQ0RGHUQKRWDLU
EDOORRQVXVHSURSDQHEXUQHUVFDUULHGDERYH
WKHEDOORRQpVEDVNHWWRKHDWXSWKHDLU
+XJKHV++HUFXOHVIO\LQJERDWWKH6SUXFH*RRVH LQVLGHWKHHQYHORSH VHHDOVR(19(/23( 


-2<67,&. &RQWUROFROXPQXVHGWRVWHHU 63$5 6WUXFWXUDOVXSSRUWLQDZLQJ
DQDLUFUDIWVRLWFDQGLYHFOLPERUUROO UXQQLQJWKHOHQJWKRIWKHZLQJ

/($',1*('*( 7KHIURQWHGJHRI IRU 63(('2)6281' 7KHVSHHGRI


H[DPSOH DZLQJURWRURUWDLO VRXQGLVDURXQGPSK NSK 
DWVHDOHYHOEXWIDOOVWKHKLJKHU\RXJR
/,)7 8SZDUGIRUFHFUHDWHGE\WKHZD\LQ LQWRWKHVN\$ERYHDQDOWLWXGHRIDURXQG
ZKLFKDLUIORZVDURXQGDQDLUFUDIWZLQJ IW P WKHVSHHGRIVRXQG
VHHDOVR$(52)2,/  VWD\VWKHVDPHDWDERXWPSK NSK  $YUR7ULSODQH,9
/21*(521 3DUWRIDQDLUFUDIWpVVWUXFWXUH 67$// :KHQDLUFUDIWpVOLIWLVORVWFDXVLQJ 785%2-(7 6LPSOHW\SHRIJDVWXUELQH
WKDWUXQVWKHOHQJWKRIWKHIXVHODJH WKHSODQHWRSLWFKGRZQZDUGDQGSRVVLEO\ MHW HQJLQHLQZKLFKDFRPSUHVVRUIRUFHVDLU
JRLQWRDVSLQ LQWRDFRPEXVWLRQFKDPEHUZKHUHIXHOLV
0$&+180%(5 5DWLRRIDQDLUSODQHpV EXUQHGDQGWKHKRWJDVHVSURGXFHGVSLQD
DLUVSHHGWRWKHYHORFLW\RIVRXQGRUVSHHG 67587 9HUWLFDOVXSSRUWRUEUDFHWKDW WXUELQHWKDWGULYHVWKHFRPSUHVVRU7XUERMHWV
RIVRXQGLQWKHJLYHQFRQGLWLRQV VXFKDV UHVLVWVSUHVVXUHIRUH[DPSOHEHWZHHQWKH DUHQRLVLHUWKDQWKHWXUERIDQVXVHGE\PRVW
KHLJKWDLUGHQVLW\DQGWHPSHUDWXUH QDPHG ORQJHURQVLQDIXVHODJH VHHDOVR)86(/$*( DLUOLQHUV7KH&RQFRUGHZDVSRZHUHGE\
DIWHUWKH$XVWULDQSK\VLFLVW(UQVW0DFK t /21*(521  WXUERMHWV
 0DFKLVWKHVSHHGRIVRXQGRUDERXW
PSK NSK DWIW P  683(5&+$5*(5 'HYLFHWKDWIRUFHVH[WUD 785%23523 7\SHRIJDVWXUELQHHQJLQH
0DFKLVWZLFHWKHVSHHGRIVRXQGDQGVRRQ DLULQWRDQDLUSODQHpVHQJLQHWRLQFUHDVHSRZHU FRQQHFWHGWRDSURSHOOHUDQGXVHGWRSRZHU
DWKLJKDOWLWXGHV LW VHHDOVR3523(//(5 
0212&248( )XVHODJHZLWKQRLQWHUQDO
EUDFLQJLQZKLFKQHDUO\DOOWKHVWUXFWXUDO 683(5621,& )DVWHUWKDQWKHVSHHG 8/75$/,*+7 3RZHUHGKDQJJOLGHUZLWKD
ORDGLVFDUULHGE\WKHVNLQ RIVRXQG VPDOOHQJLQHDQGDQRSHQILEHUJODVVFDUFDOOHG
DWULNH8OWUDOLJKWVDUHVRPHWLPHVNQRZQDV
02123/$1( )L[HGVLQJOHZLQJDLUFUDIW 7$,/3/$1( :LQJVDWWKHEDFNRIDQ PLFUROLJKWV
DLUFUDIWWRSURYLGHVWDELOLW\ZKHQSLWFKLQJ
DQGWRZKLFKWKHHOHYDWRUVDUHRIWHQ 81'(5&$55,$*( $QRWKHUQDPHIRUDQ
DWWDFKHG VHHDOVR3,7&+  DLUSODQHpVODQGLQJJHDU

7,/7͆52725 $LUFUDIWZLWKURWRUVWKDW 9(&725('7+5867 :D\RIPRYLQJDQ


HQDEOHLWWRWDNHRIIYHUWLFDOO\VZLYHOWKHQ DLUFUDIWE\VZLYHOLQJLWVSURSHOOHUVRUWKH
EHSRZHUHGIRUZDUG WDLOSLSHRILWVMHWHQJLQHVRWKDWWKHWKUXVW
SXVKHVWKHDLUFUDIWLQDQRWKHUGLUHFWLRQ6RPH
75$,/,1*('*( 7KHUHDUHGJHRI IRU DLUVKLSVDQGILJKWHUSODQHVXVHYHFWRUHGWKUXVW
H[DPSOH DZLQJURWRURUWDLO
:,'(͆%2',(' 1DPHJLYHQWRFRPPHUFLDO
75,3/$1( )L[HGZLQJDLUFUDIWZLWKWKUHH DLUSODQHVZLWKZLGHLQWHUQDOFDELQVDOORZLQJ
6RODU:LQJV ZLQJVVXFKDVWKH*HUPDQ)RNNHU7ULSODQH IRUWKUHHVHWVRIVHDWLQJLQHDFKURZDQGWZR
3HJDVXV RIWKHHDUO\V DLVOHVEHWZHHQWKHVHWV
0LFUROLJKW
785%2)$1 7\SHRIJDVWXUELQHHQJLQHLQ :,1*͆:$53,1* :D\RIFRQWUROOLQJDQ
ZKLFKVRPHRIWKHSRZHUGULYHVDIDQWKDW DLUSODQHpVDELOLW\WREDQNRUUROOE\WRUVLRQ
SXVKHVRXWDLUZLWKWKHH[KDXVWWKHUHE\ WZLVWLQJ RIWKHRXWHUZLQJHGJHVLQVWHDG
LQFUHDVLQJWKUXVW7XUERIDQVDUHXVHGLQPRVW RIXVLQJDLOHURQV
1215,*,' 7\SHRIDLUVKLSZLWKQR DLUOLQHUVEHFDXVHWKH\DUHPRUHHFRQRPLFDO
LQWHUQDOIUDPHZRUNLQZKLFKVKDSHLV DQGOHVVQRLV\WKDQWXUERMHWHQJLQHV <$: 7XUQLQJPRYHPHQWWRRQHVLGHRUWKH
PDLQWDLQHGE\WKHSUHVVXUHRIJDVDQG RWKHUPDGHE\DGMXVWLQJDQDLUFUDIWpVUXGGHU
DLUEDOORQHWVLQVLGH

251,7+237(5 $LUFUDIWSURSHOOHGE\
IODSSLQJZLQJV

3,7&+ 5RWDWLQJRUWLOWLQJRIDDLUFUDIW
QRVHXSDQGQRVHGRZQE\UDLVLQJRU
ORZHULQJWKHHOHYDWRUVRQWKHWDLOSODQH
VHHDOVR(/(9$7257$,/3/$1( 

3523(//(5 5RWDWLQJEODGHVWKDWGULYH
DQDLUFUDIWIRUZDUG

5,*,' $LUVKLSZLWKDQLQWHUQDOIUDPHZRUN

52// 0RYHPHQWRIDQDLUFUDIWLQZKLFK
RQHZLQJWLSULVHVDQGWKHRWKHUIDOOVUROOLV
FRQWUROOHGE\DGMXVWLQJWKHDLOHURQV

58''(5 9HUWLFDOIODWVXUIDFHIRUVWHHULQJ
DQDLUSODQHWRWKHULJKWRUOHIW

6&$5))5,1* 0RXQWLQJIRUKDQGRSHUDWHG
PDFKLQHJXQVXVHGLQ%ULWLVKDLUSODQHVIURP
XQWLOWKHV,WDOORZHGJXQQHUVWR
VZLYHOWKHJXQDQGILUHLQPDQ\GLUHFWLRQV
,QWHULRURID%RHLQJDZLGHERGLHGDLUFUDIW


%OÆULRW/RXLVt HOHYDWRU ,PSHULDO$LUZD\V 3DUDJRQSURSHOOHU VRXQGVSHHGRI
Index 
 7\SH;Ot
ERG\EDJ

(OOLRWWDOWLPHWHU
HQJLQHSHWURO
LQFOLQRPHWHU
,QVWRQH6KLSSLQJ/LQH
LQVWUXPHQWVtt
3DVVDW0DXULFH
SDVVHQJHUDLUFUDIWFRPIRUW
t

VSHHGEDUKDQJJOLGHU
XOWUDOLJKW

AB %RHLQJ't
 
 
 SLVWRQ
 UDGLDO
 URWDU\
t
 GLJLWDO
,QWHJUDOHSURSHOOHU
3DXOKDQ/RXLV
3ÆQDXG$OSKRQVH
3HJRXG$GROSKH
6SHUU\(OPHU$PEURVH

VSLQ
$GHU&OÆPHQW    VWHDP MHWDLUFUDIW 3KLOOLSV+RUDWLR 6SLULWRI6W/RXLV
$HULDO6WHDP&DUULDJHt %RHLQJ:LOOLDP(GZDUG  ZDWHUFRROHG MHWOLQHUt 3LWFDLUQDXWRJ\UR 6SLWILUHVHH6XSHUPDULQH
DHUREDWLFV ERPEHUSODQH VHHDOVRMHWHQJLQH MHWHQJLQHt SLWFKt VSRLOHU
$HURGURPH ERRPKHOLFRSWHUt (QJOLVK&KDQQHOFURVVLQJ t  FROOHFWLYHSLWFK VWDOO
DHURIRLO EUDFLQJ t  SURSIDQ  F\FOLFSLWFK VWDWRVFRSH
DLOHURQ EUDNHV (19HQJLQH  WXUERIDQtt  KHOLFRSWHUFRQWUROVt 6WHDP$LUOLQHU
 %UHLWOLQJ2UELWHU ¦ROH   VWULQJHUVIXVHODJH
DLUEUDNH %ULVWRO)LJKWHUt  WXUERMHW SLWRWWXEH 6WULQJIHOORZt
$LUEXV$t
 $t
 $
%URZQ$UWKXU
%XPEOH%HH7ZR FG WXUERSURS
 WXUERVKDIW
-RKQVRQ$P\
3REMR\HQJLQH
3RUVFKHHQJLQH
3RVW:LOH\
VWUXWt
6XQEHDP
VXSHUFKDUJHUHQJLQH
MR\VWLFNVHHFRQWUROFROXPQ 3UDWWDQG:KLWQH\
DLUIUDPH
t
DLUOLQHUtt
CDE )DLUH\5HHG
ILJKWHUSODQHV
ILQ
MXPERMHWVHH%RHLQJ
-XQNHUV+XJR
 :DVSHQJLQH
SUHVVXUL]HGFDELQt
6XSHUPDULQH66%
6SLWILUH
VZDVKSODWHt
t IODS .DQHOORSRXORV.DQHOORV 3UHYRVW0DXULFH WDLOURWRUt
&DPP6LGQH\
DLUSRUW IODSSLQJZLQJVt .LQJVIRUG6PLWK&KDUOHV SURSHOOHU WDLOSODQH
&D\OH\*HRUJH
DLUVKLSt )OHWWQHU$QWRQ   
&HVVQD(6N\KDZN
DLUVKRZV IOLJKWGDWDUHFRUGHU NLWH  YDULDEOHSLWFK 7DWOLQ9ODGLPLU
&KDQXWH2FWDYH
DLUVSHHGt IOLJKWGHFNt SURSIDQHQJLQHVHHMHWHQJLQH WKHUPDO
&KDUOHV-DFTXHV
$LUVSHHG+RUVD
$OFRFN-RKQ
$OOLVRQHQJLQH
&KDXYLÅUH
&LHUYD&t
 -XDQGHODt
IOLJKWVLPXODWRUVt
IORDWV
)O\HU
LMNO 5HHG6$
5REHUWV0DULR1RHO
5RFNZHOO6DEUHOLQHU
WKURWWOHHQJLQH
WLUHV
WRUTXHUHDFWLRQ
DOWLPHWHUt IO\LQJERDW /DQGHOOH*DEULHOGHOD 5RJDOOR)UDQFLV WULNHPLFUROLJKW
&OÆPHQW%D\DUG,,
 )RFNH+HLQULFK ODQGLQJ UROOt WULSODQH
FOLPELQJ
DQHPRPHWHU )RNNHU$QWKRQ\  DLUVKLS 5ROOV5R\FH5
DLUVKLS
$QWRQRY$Q0UL\D )RNNHU7ULSODQH  DSSURDFK .HVWUHO
$Q]DQL$OHVVDQGUR
HQJLQH
 EDOORRQ
 KHOLFRSWHU
FORWKLQJIRUIO\LQJt
)RVVHWW6WHYH
IXVHODJH
 FXVKLRQ
 JHDUt
 7D\t
URWDU\IOLJKWtt UVWYZ
XOWUDOLJKWt
$UODQGHV0DUTXLVGp   OLJKWV t
FRFNSLWt XQGHUFDUULDJH
$UPVWURQJ6LGGHOH\ *LIIDUG+HQUL  VNLG 5RWD[HQJLQH
VHHDOVRJODVVFRFNSLW t
$UPVWURQJ:KLWZRUWK JODVVFRFNSLW  ZKHHOVt 5RWKHUKDPSXPS
&RPSHU6ZLIW UHWUDFWLQJtt
$WODQWLFFURVVLQJ JOLGHUDWLR /DQJSURSHOOHU URWRUEODGHt
&RQFRUGHWKH XQGXFWHGIDQHQJLQH
DXWRJLURt JOLGHUtt /DQJOH\6DPXHO3LHUSRLQW t
FRQWUROt 9LFNHUV9LP\
DXWRPDWLFSLORW *ORVWHU( /HRQDUGRGD9LQFLt  SLWFKt
 FROXPQt 9LUJLQ$WODQWLF*OREDO)O\HU
$YUR9XOFDQERPEHU *QRPHHQJLQH OLIW UXGGHU
t YRQ2KDLQ+DQV
%$Ht JRQGRODDLUVKLSt /LOLHQWKDO2WWRt tEDU
 HOHFWURQLF ZDUSZLQJ
EDOODVWDLUVKLS *RVVDPHU$OEDWURVV  t
 \RNH :$(+XUULFDQHHQJLQH
 EDOORRQ &RUQX3DXO J\URVFRSHt /LQGEHUJK&KDUOHV
 JOLGHU  
'DHGDOXV :KLWWOH)UDQN
/RFNKHHG$OODQ+DLQHV
EDOORQHWDLUVKLSt
EDOORRQEDVNHWtt

'DQGULHX[
GH+DYLOODQG&RPHW
 'UDJRQ HIJK
ORQJHURQV
0DFFKL
ST ZLQFKODXQFK
ZLQGVFUHHQ
 EXUQHU 0DFKVHHVRXQGVSHHGRI ZLQJttt
 0RWK 6DEOLHU*HRUJHV
 HQYHORSH PDFKLQHJXQ tt
 7LJHU0RWK +DQGOH\3DJH+HUDFOHV VDLOSODQHVHHJOLGHU
 IHVWLYDOV  WLPLQJ tt
GH+DYLOODQG*HRIIUH\ KDQJJOLGHUt 6DQWRV'XPRQW$OEHUWR
 JDVt PDJQHWR  FDPEHU
GH/DURFKH%DURQHVV  PLFUROLJKW 6DXQGHUV5RH3ULQFHVV
 KRWDLUt PLFUROLJKWt  FRYHULQJ
5D\PRQGH +DZNHU+DUW 6FDUIIVZLYHOULQJ
 LQIODWLRQ PRQRFRTXH t
GH5R]LHU-HDQ)UDQFRLV +HLQNHO(UQVW+HLQULFK 6FKOHLFKHU.t
 ORDGULQJ PRQRSODQH  VSDUV
3LO¿WUH +HOH6KDZ%HDFKDP 6FKQHLGHU7URSK\
EDQNWXUQLQGLFDWRU  :RUOG:DU,t
'HSHUGXVVLQ SURSHOOHU 6HJXLQEURWKHUV
EDQNLQJ 0RQWJROILHUEURWKHUV 
GHVFHQWDLUVKLS KHOLFRSWHUt 6KRUW6DUDIDQG
EDURPHWHU  6LGFRWVXLW :RUOG:DU,,
 EDOORRQ t
%HOO$OH[DQGHU KHOLFRSWHU 0RUWDUD5LFFDUGR VLJKWLQJVWULQJ 
KHOPHWIO\LQJ
%HOO-HW5DQJHUt GRJILJKW QDYLJDWLRQt 6LNRUVN\,JRUt :RWDQSURSHOOHU
+HQVRQ:LOOLDPt
t GRSH +LQGHQEXUJ t  5t :ULJKW2UYLOOHDQG:LOEXU
%HOO;OURFNHWSODQH 'RXJODV'RQDOG:LOOV +LVSDQR6XL]DHQJLQH RUQLWKRSWHUt  96 
%HQQHWW%LOO 'RXJODV'& KRUL]RQDUWLILFLDO  ;5 \DZt
%HVQLHU
ELSODQHt
EODFNER[VHHIOLJKWGDWD
GUDJ

 KLQJHV
t
KRYHULQJ
+XJKHV++HUFXOHV
PQR VNLQ
6N\VKLS+/t
6QRZELUGt
<HDJHU&KXFN
<RVW(G
=HSSHOLQ
UHFRUGHU (DUKDUW$PHOLD ,FDUXV 3DFLILFFURVVLQJ 6RODU:LQJV3HJDVXV4  1HZ7HFKQRORJ\
EODVWYDOYHEDOORRQ (LSSHU4XLFNVLOYHU ,PPHOPDQQ0D[ SDUDFKXWH 6RSZLWK3XS

Acknowledgments
7KHSXEOLVKHUZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQN 7KH6FLHQFH0XVHXP/RQGRQSStt $LUEXV8.$,5%866$6$OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG -HUU\<RXQJEO=HIDEUWUEUFRXUWHV\
$HURPHJD+HOLFRSWHUV6WDSOHIRUG(QJODQGSSt tttDQGHVSHFLDOO\ &RQFHSWE\(,$,FU$LUVKLS,QGXVWULHVEU =/7ZZZ]HSSHOLQIOXJGHWU
t$LUVKLS,QGXVWULHV/RQGRQSSt 3HWHU)LW]JHUDOG7KH6FLHQFH0XVHXP:URXJKWRQ $ODP\,PDJHV3HWHU7LWPXVVEU$XVWLQ-
DQGHVSHFLDOO\3DXO'DYLHDQG6DP(OOHU%ULVWRO (QJODQGSStDQGHVSHFLDOO\$UWKXU+RUVPDQ %URZQWUWUWUFODYLDWLRQLPDJHVFRP
:DOOFKDUW
2OG9LF7KHDWUH%ULVWRO(QJODQGIRUVWXGLRVSDFH DQG5RVV6KDUS7KH6KXWWOHZRUWK&ROOHFWLRQ2OG 0DUN:DJQHUIFODEO%ULWLVK$HURVSDFHEU
7KH$YLDWLRQ3LFWXUH/LEUDU\$XVWLQ-%URZQFOE
SStttDQGHVSHFLDOO\6WHSKHQ :DUGHQ$HURGURPH%HGIRUG(QJODQGSSt FU%HQQLH%RVZZZKRWDLUQOWO'DPLHQ%XUNH
%HOO; &RUELV6ZLP,QN//&IWU'RUOLQJ
5HEEHFN%ULWLVK$HURVSDFH+DWILHOGSSt ttDQGHVSHFLDOO\3HWHU6\PHV +DQGPDGH%\0DFKLQHFRPSKRWRJUDSKHUVGLUHFW
.LQGHUVOH\&RXUWHV\RI7KH6KXWWOHZRUWK
t&DPHURQ%DOORRQV%ULVWRO(QJODQG -RKQ%DJOH\RIWKH6FLHQFH0XVHXPIRUKLVKHOS FRPFOE&RUELV6WHIDQR5HOODQGLQL5HXWHUV
&ROOHFWLRQ%HGIRUGVKLUHFOD /9*&9, ,PSHULDO:DU
SStDQGHVSHFLDOO\$ODQ1REOH0XVÆHGHV ZLWKWKHWH[W/HVWHU&KHHVHPDQIRUKLVGHVNWRS EU*DOHQ5RZHOOWU.DUO:HDWKHUO\WO
0XVHXP/RQGRQIFO*HWW\,PDJHV)UDQN&H]XVFE
%DOORQV)RUEHVp&KDWHDXGH%DOOHUR\&DOYDGRV SXEOLVKLQJH[SHUWLVH,DQ*UDKDPIRUKLVDVVLVWDQFH :DVKLQJWRQ8QLYHUVLW\EU*HWW\,PDJHV
%RHLQJ 0DUN+DUZRRGEF/LEUDU\RI&RQJUHVV
)UDQFHSSt1REOH+DUGPDQ$YLDWLRQ RQWKHSDSHUEDFNHGLWLRQ -RQDWKDQ'DQLHOFO0DUN:DJQHUt+XOWRQ
6FLHQFH)DFWLRQWO
)O\HU
7D[LEO EDOORRQ 
&ULFNKRZHOO:DOHVSSt3HQQ\DQG*LOHV ,OOXVWUDWLRQ0LFN/RDWHV3HWHU%XOO $UFKLYHFUD0LFKDHO+ROIRUGWF+XOWRQ
&KULVWFKXUFK(QJODQGS IOLJKWGDWDUHFRUGHU  3URRIUHDGLQJ0LUDQGD6PLWK 3LFWXUH/LEUDU\WFEUWOWU0DU\(YDQV
-DFNHW
5$)0XVHXP+HQGRQ/RQGRQSSt :DOOFKDUW3HWHU5DGFOLIIH6WHYH6HWIRUG 3LFWXUH/LEUDU\WFEOEOWUEUOFUF
)URQW&RUELV5HXWHUV-DFN'DEDJKLDQFD-LP6XJDU
tttDQGHVSHFLDOO\0LNH7DJJ &OLSDUW&'-R/LWWOH/LVD6WRFN-HVVDP\:RRG WOEUWOWOEUEUFWOWO
PDLQLPDJH 'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\$YLRQLFV0RELOH
6N\6SRUW(QJLQHHULQJ6DQG\%HGIRUG(QJODQGSS WOWU*%(GZDUGVFOFRXUWHV\1RUWKURS
6HUYLFHV/WG:DWIRUGWU
tt7LP0RRUHDQGDOOWKHWHDPDW 3LFWXUHFUHGLWV *UXPPDQ&RUSEO3RSSHUIRWRWUWUEO
6N\6SRUW5ROOV5R\FH'HUE\(QJODQGSSt 7KHSXEOLVKHUZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQNWKHIROORZLQJ WOFOE4XDGUDQWEF5HWURJUDSK$UFKLYH
6RODU:LQJV/LPLWHG0DUOERURXJK(QJODQG IRUWKHLUNLQGSHUPLVVLRQWRUHSURGXFHWKHLU F5HXWHUVEU5H[)HDWXUHVt'HQQLV
$OORWKHULPDJHV†'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\
SSttDQGHVSHFLDOO\-RKQ)DFN7KH SKRWRJUDSKV 6WRQHWU0HJDEO5REHUW+XQW/LEUDU\EO
)RUIXUWKHULQIRUPDWLRQVHH
+D\ZDUG*DOOHU\/RQGRQDQG7HWUD$VVRFLDWHVSS 6FLHQFH0XVHXP6FLHQFH 6RFLHW\3LFWXUH
ZZZGNLPDJHVFRP
t7KH/RQGRQ*OLGLQJ&OXE'XQVWDEOH(QJODQG .H\DtDERYHEtEHORZERWWRPFtFHQWHUItIDU /LEUDU\EOEFEUFOD)UHG6JURVVRWU
SStDQGHVSHFLDOO\-DFN%XWOHU OtOHIWUtULJKWWtWRS 6RODU:LQJVEOEO7RS)RWRWOFUDEO



Anda mungkin juga menyukai