8.

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

MATHEMATICS - IIB AIMSTUTORIAL

(VSAQ)

1. Find the order and degree of 4. Find the order and degree of the differential
6/5
 d2 y   dy 3  1/ 3
 2  +    = 6y . 1/2  d2 y  xdy
 dx   dx   equation x  2 + +y =0.
 dx  dx
6/5
 d2 y   dy 3  1/ 3

Sol: Given equation  2  +    = 6y 1/2  d2 y  xdy

 dx   dx   Sol: x  2 + +y =0
 dx  dx
3
d2 y  dy 
2 +   = (6y)5/6 1/ 3
dx  dx   d2 y  xdy
Order = 2, Degree = 1. x 1/ 2
 2  -y
 dx  dx

3
 d2 y   xdy 
2. Find the order and degree of the differential x3/ 2  2     - y
 dx   dx 
1/ 4
 dy 1/2  d2 y 1/3  Order = 2 degree = 1.
equation   +  dx 2   = 0 .
 dx    
1/4
5. Find the order and degree
 dy 1/2  d2 y 1/3  2
Sol: Given equation   +  2   = 0
2
 d3y   dy 
 dx   dx  
x
 3  - 3  - e = 4 .
 dx  dx
 
1/2 1/3
 dy   d2 y  2
 dx  + 2  = 0  d3 y   dy 
2

 dx 
x
  Sol: Given equation  3  - 3   - e = 4 .
1/2 1/3  dx   dx 
 dy   d2 y  Order = 3, Degree = 2.
 dx  = - 2 
   dx 
3 2
 dy   d2 y  6. Form the differential equation
 dx  = -  dx 2 
    corresponding y = ae3x + be4x.
Sol: Given y = ae3x + be4x
Order = 2 degree = 2.
Differenting .w.r.t. ‘x’
y1 = 3ae3x + 4be4x
y2 = 9.ae3x + 16be4x
3. Find the order of the differential equation
5/3
by eliminating a, b from above
2
d y   dy 2 
2
= 1+    . y e3x e 4x
dx   dx   y1 3e3x 4e 4x  0
5/3 
  dy 2  d y
2 y2 9e3x 16e 4x
Sol: Given Differential equation is 2 = 1+   
dx   dx   y 1 1
cubing on both sides y1 3 4 0
3 5 
d y
2   dy 2  y2 9 16
 2  = 1+  dx    y(48 - 36) - 1(16y1 - 4y2) - 11 (9y1 - 3y2) = 0
 dx       y2 - 7y1 + 12y = 0.
Order of the D.E. is 2.
Degree of the D.E. is 3.

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS :1: 9000687600

MATHEMATICS - IIB AIMSTUTORIAL

7. Form the differnetial equation

corresponding to y = A cos 3x + B sin 3x, 10. Find the order of the differential equation
where A and B are parameters. obtained by eliminating the arbitary
Sol: Given y = A cos 3x + B sin 3x constants a, b from xy = aex + be-x + x2.
Differentiating w.r.t. x, Sol: Given xy = aex + be-x + x2
dy Differenting.wr.t ‘x’
= -3A sin 3x + 3B cos 3x dy
dx x +y = aex - be-x + 2x.
Differentiating again w.r.t. x, dx
2
d y Again Differenting.wr.t. ‘x’
2 = -9A cos 3x - 9 B sin 3x d2 y dy dy
dx x
= -9(A cos 3x + B sin 3x) 2 + (1) + = aex + be-x + 2.
dx dx dx
= -9y
Required differential equation is d2 y 2dy
x + = xy - x2 + 2
d y
2
dx 2 dx
2 + 9y = 0. Hence the order = 2.
dx

8. Form the differential equation of the family 11. Form the differential equation corresponding
of all circles with their centres at the origin to y = cx - 2c2, where c is a parameter.
and also find its order.
Sol: Given y = cx - 2c2 ---------- (1)
Sol: Equation of circle iwth center (0, 0)
and radius r is diff.w.r.to x.
x2 + y2 = r2 ...................... (1)
differenting w.r.to x dy
=c.1-0
dx
dy
2x + 2y =0
dx dy
c=
dy dx
y +x=0 Substituting in (1)
dx
This is the D.E. whose solution is (1) dy  dy 
2

The order of D.E is 1. y= x - 2  .

dx  dx 

9. Obtain the differential equation

corresponding to family of rectangular
hyperbolas which have the coordinate dy
12. Solve = e x + y.
axes as asymptotes. dx
Sol: The equation of family of rectangular hyperbolas dy
which have the coordinate axes as asymptotes is Sol: Given = ex + y = e x . e y
dx
xy = c2 dy
Differenting with respect to ‘x’ = ex . dx
ey
dy
x + y (1) = 0 e-y . dy = ex dx
dx
dy on integration,
x +y=0
dx
is the required differential equation. -y x
 e dy =  e dx
e-y
= ex + c
-1
ex + e-y + c = 0.

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS :2: 9000687600

MATHEMATICS - IIB AIMSTUTORIAL
2
y12  y12 
13. Find the integrating factor of y = 4y  x  4y  .
 
dy
+ y tanx = sinx by transforming it into 16. Find order and degree of the differential
dx
linear form. d2 y 2dy  dy 
equation + + y = log   + 2 .
dx 2
dx  dx 
dy
Sol: + y tanx = sinx
dx d2 y 2dy  dy 
Sol: Given + + y = log   + 2
This is linear equation in ‘y’, in the form of dx 2
dx  dx 
dy Order = 2 degree is not defined.
+ Py = Q.
dx
P = tan x dy
p dx
17. Find the general solution of x + y = 0.
Integration of factor = e dx
dy
= etan x dx Sol: Given equation x + y = 0.
dx
= elog|sec x| x . dx + y dy = 0
 sec x. on integration,
 x.dx +  y.dy =  0
dy x2 y2
14. Find the integrating factor of x -y=2x2 sec2 2x + =c
dx 2 2
by transforming it into linear form. x2 + y2 = 2c.
dy
Sol: x - y = 2x2 sec2 2x x 18. Find the general solution of
dx
dy 1 1 - x 2 dy + 1 - y2 dx = 0 .
- y = 2x sec2 2x.
dx x
This is linear equation in ‘y’, in the form of Sol: Given 1 - x 2 dy + 1 - y 2 dx = 0
dy
+ Py = Q. 1 - x 2 dy = - 1 - y 2 dx
dx
1 dy dx
P= - , Integrating factor = eP dx =-
x 1- y 2
1 - x2
 e  x dx on integration,
1

 e-log x 1 1
1
 dy = -  dx
2
 e log x
1- y 1 - x2
1 sin-1y = -sin-1x + c
= x-1 = .
x sin-1x + sin-1y = c.
15. Form the differential equation
corresponding to the family of curves y =
c(x - c)2. where c is a parameter.
Sol: y = c (x - c)2 _____________ (1)
Differentiaing w.r.t. x
y1 = c2(x -c)
squaring on both sides
(y1)2 = 4c2 (x-c)2 _____________ (2)
 2 y12
gives c =

1 4y
Substituting in (1)

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS :3: 9000687600

MATHEMATICS - IIB AIMSTUTORIAL
dy 2y
19. Solve = . 23. Find the integrating factor of the linear
dx x
dy
differential equation (1 + x2) + 2xy - 4x2 = 0.
dy 2y dx
Sol: Given =
dx x dy
dy 2dx Sol: Given equation (1 + x2) + 2xy - 4x2 = 0.
= dx
y x dy
on integration, (1 + x2)
+ 2xy = 4x2
dx
1 1 dy 2x 4x 2
 dy = 2  dx + y =
y x dx 1+ x2 1+ x2
log y = 2 log x + log c dy
This is the form + Py = Q.
log y = log(x2c) dx
y = cx2. 2x
dy 1 + y2 P=
20. Find the general solution of = . 1+ x2
dx 1 + x 2 2x dx
dy 1 + y 2 
1 + x2
2
Sol: Given = I.F. = e
 P dx
=e = elog|1 x | = 1 + x 2 .
dx 1 + x 2
dy dx
2
=
1+ y 1 + x2
on integration, 24. Form the differential equation
corresponding to y = cx - 2c2, where c is a
1
 dy =  1 dx parameter.
1+ y2 1+ x2 Sol: Given y = cx - 2c2 ---------- (1)
tan y = tan x + c.
-1 -1
diff.w.r.to x.
dy
21. Solve the D.E. tan x dx + tan y dy = 0. =c.1-0
dx
Sol: Given tan x dx + tan y dy = 0 dy
c=
on integration, dx
Substituting in (1)
 tan x . dx +  tan y dy =  0 2
dy  dy 
log |sec x| + log|sec y| = log c y= x - 2  .
dx  dx 
log|sec x . sec y| = log c
sec x . sec y = c.

22. Find the integrating factor of linear differential

dy
equation cos x . + y sin x = tan x.
dx
dy
Sol: Given cos x . + y sin x = tan x.
dx
dy sin x sin x
+ .y=
dx cos x cos x
dy
This is of the form + Py = Q
dx
sin x
P= = tan x
cos x
Integrating factor
I.F = e  P dx = e tan x .dx = elog|sec x| = | sec x | .
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS :4: 9000687600