LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)

Why the natural gas is so important to the industry?

Natural gas, the cleanest-burning hydrocarbon, is a major source of

energy.

How can GNL technology help the industry?

Many energy-hungry places are located far from gas fields, making
pipelines too impractical or costly to build. We cool natural gas to make a
liquid, shrinking its volume for easier, safer storage and shipping overseas.

What is LNG and how can we use it?

LNG is a clear, colourless and non-toxic liquid which forms when natural
gas is cooled to -162ºC (-260ºF). The cooling process shrinks the volume of
the gas 600 times, making it easier and safer to store and ship. In its liquid
state, LNG will not ignite.

When LNG reaches its destination, it is turned back into a gas at

regasification plants. It is then piped to homes, businesses and industries
where it is burnt for heat or to generate electricity. LNG is now also
emerging as a cost-competitive and cleaner fuel, especially for shipping
heavy-duty road transport.

What is LNG for transport?

Cooling natural gas to -162° Celsius (-260° Fahrenheit) turns it into a liquid
and reduces its volume by 600 times. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is easy
and economical to ship to where it is needed.

Shell is an LNG pioneer with more than 50 years of expertise. We are

exploring the use of LNG as a transport fuel for trucks and ships with
potential economic and environmental benefits compared to diesel and
fuel oil. Other uses include in trains, the mining sector and industrial
applications. We are also looking at ways to use LNG more in our own
operations.
How important is LNG for shipping?

In Europe and North America, environmental regulations introduced in

2015 require shipping operators to reduce local emissions. LNG fuel,
which is virtually free of sulphur and particulates, can help them meet
these requirements.

LNG has the potential to be used by cruisers, ferries, barges and tug boats.
It is already used as a fuel for vessels on inland waterways, such as ferries
in Norway, where our company Gasnor is a leading supplier of LNG to
industrial and marine operators.

How many shellfuel ships in Mexico?

In the Gulf of Mexico, Shell has chartered three special LNG-powered

offshore supply vessels for its deep-water operations.

How would you deliver shell oil gnl in northeastern europe?

To deliver LNG to customers in north-west Europe, Shell built and recently

took delivery of Cardissa, a state-of-the-art LNG bunker vessel with
capacity to hold around 6,500 m3of LNG fuel. The vessel will deliver fuel
from the Gate terminal in Rotterdam and in locations throughout Europe.

What about the LNG for trucks?

Used in trucks delivering goods, LNG has the potential to offer fuel cost
savings when compared to conventional diesel. It can also reduce sulphur
emissions, particulates and nitrogen oxides, and help reduce greenhouse
gas emissions from production to use.