‘ Lactute.o6 > Tors ( / 7 = Application of ebstic'e terry - Hew & formulate He aggrapale houmclary conel dens Lr oft obtahd) ty a Gmbinatjon of crvaly brea ard ia tat oely assum 52 leTono 4» Elamintary Auorg torsion for a cieulen gf ft Bae nea d2 4 Ra eee aes de de = Ab (ay 2 Ge Tet Ghee Gre 27 T-{@rae res = $24 (rds ais, 7. de. ={rdh Tere eee = Heh ofr * Question t What about non-reulery cross ecto? = at warps, that 4a, a plane cress Section doko net agmacn plane, - Bane de Saint Vormct (1855) Solved thao problem, - Ayproach : pot anabatical 2 pact assumed ( used) solutinoSaint-benat's aarumjtions As the shay wists, the plre cross sections are we, cb, 08 Horieute, he preperon. of the cross section om the wg plant. rotaleo as a rigid body, Tn. anatkematical, Came | thd dosumplemr road: us-aey, Va %AX, wf dq), leg) & calleh a warping faction ve Netis u dv salirdg 2 bx = By y=h,50,4, =3(2 Be) % 25 | ee Ge Ga Ge || , oe +g ee 4 ditions + Bown dana com = ek 1G 0 ee egy sine zo bere FL = + = Th = Gelk + yyy ‘| and 20 (hy?) v % = Gcle * GyMy =o (7:2) As Fox = Egy Bag ® Sig =O > Ee = Gy = > GyrO GeKO(ShO), G06 (FE -#) (7.3)3 432-0 (7.4) ox fer fron the boundarg en dition ( the last Ate tase)! (2F -pexl40 + (20 40) coaly yJ=0 "¢ Obsewe : it) 4 BE conte) = BE (so het we amive at Bf. yeoolz, pyocentye) om & rs) =[qdk=0, FR= = [emyah= o at geo ek R ZM=T ={ (28-9 &)IA rT = 6 (dag gb da = AGT (7.6) Ww _ dé ; =) foe am arbitt -ciala 7 i a5 ” OO ros seething70 The unlonawin for determining S— Pee 4) ( warping finetron! ) nat sauofies pe y= 0 (74) — phethed of Ludwig Promdth (1895-1983, 1903) fou compiling TS, shane fomehion + «= 3. w= - 38 (ts) x O Oye 23 7 oT =o + Relation % the warping functron, ¥ ap og yn oy = 04 (SE “$5 Gy" by = x6 (3b J +x) (7.6) VO 20% -% 3 wee Get G y= 8 De® ab =o mC (r8) which mtone Ke stress fumetin Pls 4) must be content slog G, ¥ Conclusion — Find Y that 22 Zt om te bom dary and salir fies (717),xchich for forces &£ mombrt- - FR =| Gededy = {Say Gpyds =o sine Pe ome La Gauss! theorem, via (Tg) Zhy= | mydudy =hp Ras = 0 T ={ea,- 9e9 = [Rs =f {Rep Rap of e% =f iadeotd +yp cana + [opey 2 [peetg a) 2 4 Exomphes: Elliptic Cross seclion x ian 2 ae - \ < let We Me +24) —— we howe lyre © (Te) Sudoab toting why (T7), we Le-8 2 ab Got tay) =~ BEE (BG) MO (Tal) el Te ie (+e) (TI) Ge es bod ee 412 Example 2+ Stress ina toy kole ¢-% ~ Bete gz) > 2h Bt =O (713) Prssume. ype Cer egy (7.4) - nel > prxtiys? f = reeoB aol > Ye = (+i =y patorp \ f=- Far 9) tAranp +ohup +e (nis) v ry? Panel - cp - Ef cea) caarewp + BhacrerP BL in) To salisfy P= 0 mC, we fink (oP aati) pf ur=e > Cr _ 2)()- 228 _ 20 fo the BC om The cncks a radiucb, whily pepe ee =) fo j= PAB He wick Badin a.