COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 2.

10 3 5 2
Position: x= t − t − 20t + 10 m
3 2

dx
Velocity: v= = 10t 2 − 5t − 20 m/s
dt

dv
Acceleration: a = = 20t − 5
dt

When v = 0, 10t 2 − 5t − 20 = 0

Solving the quadratic equation for t,

t = 1.6861 s and t = −1.1861 s t = 1.686 s W

When t = 1.6861,

10 5
x= (1.6861)3 − (1.6861)2 − 20 (1.6861) + 10 x = −14.85 m W
3 2

v=0

a = 20 (1.6861) − 5 a = 28.7 m/s 2 W

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 7/e, Ferdinand P. Beer (Deceased), E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, George H. Staab, © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 44.

(a) Acceleration of A.
1
v A = (v A )0 + a At and x A = (x A )0 + (v A )0 t =
a At 2
2
Using (v A )0 = 0 and (x A )0 = 0 gives
1
v A = a At and x A = a At 2
2
When cars pass at t = t1, x A = 90 m
2 x A (2 )(90) 180
t12 = = = and v A = a At1
aA aA aA
For 0 ≤ t ≤ 5 s, vB = (v B )0 = −96 km/h = −26.667 m/s

vB = (v B )0 + aB (t − 5) = −26.667 +
1
For t > 5 s, a A (t − 5)
6
When vehicles pass, v A = −v B
1
a At1 = 26.667 − a A (t1 − 5)
6
7 5 160
a At1 − a A = 26.667 or 7t1 − 5 =
6 6 aA
180 7 180 160
Using t1 = gives −5 =
aA aA aA
1
Let u = , 7 180u − 5 = 160u 2
aA

or 160u 2 − 7 180u + 5 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation,
7 180 ± (49)(180) − (4)(160)(5) 93.915 ± 74.967
u= =
(2)(160) 320
= 0.0592125 and 0.52776
1
aA = = 285.2 m/s and 3.590 m/s
u2
The corresponding values for t1 are
180 180
t1 = = 0.794 s, and t1 = = 7.08 s
285.2 3.590
Reject 0.794 s since it is less than 5 s.
Thus, a A = 3.59 m/s W
(b) Time of passing. t = t1 = 7.08 s W
(c) Distance d.
0 ≤ t ≤ 5 s, xB = (x B )0 − (v B )0 t = d − 26.667t
At t = 5 s, xB = d − (22.667 )(5) = d − 133.33
1
For t > 5 s, xB = d − 133.33 + (v B )0 (t − 5) + a B (t − 5)2
2
1  3.59 
xB = d − 133.33 − 26.667(t − 5) +  (t − 5)2
2 6 
When t = t1 = 7.08 s, xB = x A = 90

90 = d − 133.33 − (26.667)(2.08) +
(3.59)(2.08)2
(2)(6)
d = 90 + 133.33 + 55.47 + 1.29 d = 278 m W

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 7/e, Ferdinand P. Beer (Deceased), E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, George H. Staab, © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 12.

k
For 2 s ≤ t ≤ 10 s, a = where k is a constant.
t3
At t = 2 s, v = −15 ft/s
dv
a = or dv = a dt
dt
dt k1 1 
∫−15 dv = ∫2 a dt = k ∫2 t 3 = − 2  t 2 − 2 
v t t

 ( 2 ) 
 1 1  1 1
v − ( −15) = −0.5k  2 −  or v = −15 − 0.5k  2 − 
t 4 t 4
At t = 10 s, v = 0.36 ft/s
 1 1
−15 − 0.5k  −  = 0.36 from which k = 128 ft ⋅ s
 (10 )2 4 
 
 1 1 64
Then, v = −15 − 64  2 −  = 1 − 2 ft/s
t 4 t
When v = 0, t 2 = 64 or t = 8s
For 2 s ≤ t ≤ 8 s, v ≤ 0, x is decreasing.
8 s ≤ t ≤ 10 s, v ≥ 0, x is increasing.
 64  64
Position: x = ∫ dx = ∫ v dt = ∫ 1 − 2  dt = t + +C
 t  t
64
At t = 2 s, x2 = 2 + + C = 34 + C ft
2
64
At t = 8 s, x8 = 8 + + C = 16 + C ft
8
64
At t = 10 s, x10 = 10 + + C = 16.4 + C ft
10
Given: x2 = 2 x10 = ± 2 x10 or 34 + C = ± (16.4 + C )
Using the plus sign: C = 1.2 ft, which gives x8 = 17.2 ft, x2 = 35.2 ft and x10 = 17.60 ft W
Distance traveled: d = x8 − x2 + x10 − x8 = 18 + 0.4 d = 18.40 ft W
Using the minus sign: C = −22.27 ft, which gives x8 = −6.27 ft,
x2 = 11.73 ft and x10 = −5.87 ft W
Distance traveled: d = x8 − x2 + x10 − x8 = 18 + 0.4 d = 18.40 ft W

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 7/e, Ferdinand P. Beer (Deceased), E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, George H. Staab, © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 40.

Choose x positive upward. Constant acceleration a = − g

Rocket launch data: Rocket A: x = 0, v = v0 , t = 0

Rocket B: x = 0, v = v0 , t = t B = 4 s

Velocities: Rocket A: v A = v0 − gt

Rocket B: vB = v0 − g ( t − t B )

1 2
Positions: Rocket A: x A = v0t − gt
2

1
Rocket B: xB = v0 ( t − t B ) − g ( t − tB ) ,
2
t ≥ tB
2

For simultaneous explosions at x A = xB = 80 m when t = t E ,

1 2 1 1 1
gt E = v0 ( t E − t B ) − g ( t E − t B ) = v0t E − v0t B − gt E2 + gt E t B − gt B2
2
v0t E −
2 2 2 2

gt B
Solving for v0 , v0 = gt E − (1)
2

 gt  1 2xA
Then, when t = t E , x A =  gt E − B  t E − gt E2 , or t E2 − t Bt E − =0
 2  2 g

Solving for t E , tE =
t B ± t B2 + ( 4 )(1) ( ) = 4±
2xA
g
( 4 )2 + ( 4 )(1)( 2)(80)
9.81
= 6.507 s
2 2

(a) From equation (1), v0 = ( 9.81)( 6.507 ) −

( 9.81)( 4 ) v0 = 44.2 m/s W
2

At time t E , v A = v0 − gt E vB = v0 − g ( t E − t B )

vB − v A = gt B = ( 9.81)( 4 ) vB/ A = 39.2 m/s W

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 7/e, Ferdinand P. Beer (Deceased), E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, George H. Staab, © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 34.

Constant acceleration. x0 = 0

v = v0 + at (1)

1 2
x = x0 + v0t + at (2)
2

v − v0
Solving (1) for a, a = (3)
t

1 v − v0 2 1 1
Then, x = x0 + v0t + t = x0 + ( v0 + v ) t = ( v0 + v ) t
2 t 2 2

1
At t = 6 s, v= v0 and x6 = 180 m
2

1 1  180
180 =  v0 + v0  ( 6 ) = 4.5v0 or v0 = = 40 m/s
2 2  4.5
1
v= v0 = 20 m/s
2
20 − 40 10
Then, from (3), a = =− m/s 2 = −3.333 m/s 2
6 3

Substituting into (1) and (2), v = 40 − 3.333t

1
x = 40 + 40t − ( 3.333) t 2
2
At stopping, v = 0 or 40 − 3.333ts = 0 ts = 12 s

1
x = 0 + ( 40 )(12 ) − ( 3.333)(12 )2 = 240 m
2
(a) Additional time for stopping = 12 s − 6 s ∆t = 6 s W

(b) Additional distance for stopping = 240 m − 180 m ∆d = 60 m W

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 7/e, Ferdinand P. Beer (Deceased), E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, George H. Staab, © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 16.

Note that a is a given function of x.

Use (
v dv = a dx = 200 x + 3200 x3 dx )
Using the limits v = 2.5 m/s when x = 0,

∫2.5 v dv = ∫0 ( 200 x + 3200 x ) dx

v x 3

v 2 2.52
− = 100 x 2 + 800 x 4
2 2
v 2 = 1600 x 4 + 200 x 2 + 6.25 Let u = x 2
Then v 2 = 1600u 2 + 200u + 6.25 = 1600 ( u − u1 )( u − u2 ) ,
where u1 and u2 are the roots of 1600u 2 + 200u + 6.25 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation,

−200 ± ( 200 )2 − ( 4 )(1600 )( 6.25) −200 ± 0

u1,2 = = = −0.0625 ± 0
( 2 )(1600 ) 3200
u1 = u2 = −0.0625 ft 2

( )
2
v 2 = 1600 ( u + 0.0625 ) = 1600 x 2 + 0.252
2
So ft 2 /s 2

Taking square roots, (

v = ± 40 x 2 + 0.252 ft/s )
dx dx
Use dx = v dt or dt = =±
v 40 x + 0.252
2
( )
dx
40dt = ± Use limit x=0 when t =0
x + 0.252
2

dx 1 x
tan −1
t x
40∫0 dt = ± ∫0 =±
x + 0.25
2 2
0.25 0.25
40t = ±4.0 tan −1( 4 x ) or tan −1( 4 x ) = ±10t
4 x = ± tan (10t ) or x = ± 0.25 tan (10t )
dx
= ±0.25 sec2 (10t ) (10 ) = ± 2.5 sec 2 (10t )
v=
dt
At t = 0, v = ±2.5 m/s, which agrees with the given data if the minus sign is rejected.
Thus, v = 2.5 sec2 (10t ) m/s, and x = 0.25 tan (10t ) m
At t = 0.05 s, 10t = 0.5 rad
2.5
v = 2.5sec 2 ( 0.5 ) = v = 3.25 m/s W
cos 2 0.5
x = 0.25 tan ( 0.5 ) x = 0.1366 m W

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 7/e, Ferdinand P. Beer (Deceased), E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, George H. Staab, © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Problem 11.C3

The motioned of a particle is defined by the equations x = 30t2 – 120t and y = 120t2 –
40t3, where x and y are expressed in millimeters and t in seconds. Derive expressions for
the velocity and acceleration of the particle as a function of t. Consider the time interval
0 ≤ t ≤ 2s and plot (a) the path of the particle in the xy plane, (b) the components of the
velocity vx and vy and the magnitude of the velocity v, (c) the components of the
acceleration ax and ay and the magnitude of the acceleration.

Solution

From the motion of the particle we find

(a)
x = 30t 2 − 120t y = 120t 2 − 40t 3
vx = x = 60t − 120 v y = y = 240t − 120t 2
ax = 
x = 60 a y = 
y = 240 − 240t

(b) Plot the trajectory of the particle

Program

% Problem 11.C3
%
t = [0:0.5:20];
x = 30*t.^2-120*t;
y = 120*t.^2-40*t.^3;
v_x = 60*t-120;
v_y = 240*t-120*t.^2;
v = sqrt(v_x.^2+v_y.^2);
a_x = 60;
a_y = 240-240*t;
a = sqrt(a_x.^2+a_y.^2);
figure(1)
plot(x,y);
xlabel('x (ft)')
ylabel('y (ft)')
legend('Trajectory')
grid on
axis([0 10000 -3e5 0])
figure(2)
plot(t,v_x,t,v_y,t,v)
xlabel('t (sec)')
ylabel('v_x, v_y, v (fps)')
legend('v_x','v_y','v',2)
grid on
figure(3)
plot(t,a_x,t,a_y,t,a)
xlabel('t (sec)')
ylabel('a_x, a_y, a (fps^2)')
legend('a_x','a_y','a',2)
grid on

Program Output