Differentiation Product Rule Slides

The product rule for differentation
E. Kim
1
Product Rule for Differentiation
Goal
Starting with differentiable functions f (x) and g(x), we want to
get the derivative of f (x) g(x).
2
Goal
Previously, we saw [f (x) + g(x)]0 = f 0 (x) + g 0 (x) “Sum Rule”
2
Goal
Previously, we saw [f (x) + g(x)]0 = f 0 (x) + g 0 (x) “Sum Rule”
Question
Is the Product Rule
[f (x) g(x)]0 = f 0 (x) g 0 (x)
or not?
2
Is [f (x) g(x)]0 = f 0 (x) g 0 (x) the Product Rule?
Let’s test it out! Choose:
f (x) = x3
f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
Compute derivatives:
f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
f 0 (x) =
f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
f 0 (x) = 3x2
f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) =

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 =

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12
Compare:
f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12
Compare:
I [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12
f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12
Compare:
I [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12
I f 0 (x) g 0 (x) = (3x2 )(10x9 ) = 30x11
f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13
f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12
Compare:
I [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12
I f 0 (x) g 0 (x) = (3x2 )(10x9 ) = 30x11
No! This is NOT the Product Rule!

[f (x) g(x)]0 6= f 0 (x) g 0 (x)
3
Then what is the Product Rule?
Intuitively... it’s like working at Culver’s
Say you worked at Culver’s at a rate of

r = 7.75 per hour for h = 20 hours each
week. Your take-home pay is p = rh. How
can your take-home pay go up?
Culver’s in Onalaska, WI
Source: Wikipedia
4

I Pay rate goes up: r rnew
rnew = r + ∆ r
Culver’s in Onalaska, WI
Source: Wikipedia
4

rnew = r + ∆ r
Culver’s in Onalaska, WI I Hours per week goes up: h hnew
Source: Wikipedia hnew = h + ∆ h
4

rnew = r + ∆ r
I Both r and h increase

rnew = r + ∆ r
I pold = rh
4

rnew = r + ∆ r
I pold = rh
I pnew = rnew hnew = (r + ∆r)(h + ∆h)
4

rnew = r + ∆ r
I pold = rh
I Change in pay ∆p = pnew − pold = (r + ∆r)(h + ∆h) − rh
4

rnew = r + ∆ r
I pold = rh
I Change in pay ∆p = pnew − pold = (r + ∆r)(h + ∆h) − rh =
(rh + r ∆h + h ∆r + ∆r ∆h) − rh
4
Intuitive idea of the Product Rule
∆r h∆r ∆r∆h
r rh r∆h
h ∆h
∆p = (rh + r ∆h + h ∆r + ∆r ∆h) − rh
5
∆r h∆r ∆r∆h
r rh r∆h
h ∆h
∆p = (rh + r ∆h + h ∆r + ∆r ∆h) − rh
∆r h∆r ∆r∆h
r rh r∆h
h ∆h
∆p = (rh + r ∆h + h ∆r + ∆r ∆h) − rh
∆p = r ∆h + h ∆r + ∆r
| {z∆h}
5
∆r h∆r ∆r∆h
r rh r∆h
h ∆h
∆p = (rh + r ∆h + h ∆r + ∆r ∆h) − rh
∆p = r ∆h + h ∆r + ∆r
| {z∆h}
negligible
5
∆r h∆r ∆r∆h
r rh r∆h
h ∆h
∆p = (rh + r ∆h + h ∆r + ∆r ∆h) − rh
∆p = r ∆h + h ∆r + ∆r
| {z∆h}
negligible
∆p ≈ r ∆h + h ∆r
The change in the product p = rh is the old rate r times the
change in hours (∆h), plus the old hours h times the change in
rate (∆r).
5
Deriving the Product Rule
6
By definition of derivative,
f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x)g(x)
[f (x) g(x)]0 = lim
h→0 h
f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x)g(x)
[f (x) g(x)]0 = lim
h→0 h
Subtract and add f (x + h) g(x) in the numerator:
f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) + f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

lim
h→0 h
f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x)g(x)
[f (x) g(x)]0 = lim
h→0 h
Subtract and add f (x + h) g(x) in the numerator:
f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) + f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

lim
h→0 h
Sum law for limits
f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)
lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
Continued...
From previous slide, [f (x) g(x)]0 is equal to:

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
7
Continued...

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
7
Continued...

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
Factor:

f (x + h) g(x + h) − g(x) g(x) f (x + h) − f (x)
lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
7
Continued...

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
Factor:

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
Product law for limits

g(x + h) − g(x) f (x + h) − f (x)
lim f (x + h) lim + lim g(x) lim
h→0 h→0 h h→0 h→0 h
| {z }| {z } | {z }| {z }
7
Continued...

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
Factor:

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h

g(x + h) − g(x) f (x + h) − f (x)
h→0 h→0 h h→0 h→0 h
| {z }| {z } | {z }| {z }
f is diff.,
7
Continued...

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
Factor:

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h

g(x + h) − g(x) f (x + h) − f (x)
h→0 h→0 h h→0 h→0 h
| {z }| {z } | {z }| {z }
f is diff.,
so f is cts
7
Continued...

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
Factor:

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h

g(x + h) − g(x) f (x + h) − f (x)
h→0 h→0 h h→0 h→0 h
| {z }| {z } | {z }| {z }
f is diff.,
so f is cts
so this =f (x)
7
Continued...

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
Factor:

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h

g(x + h) − g(x) f (x + h) − f (x)
h→0 h→0 h h→0 h→0 h
| {z }| {z } | {z }| {z }
f is diff., =g(x), since
so f is cts does not
so this =f (x) depend on h
7
Continued...

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
Factor:

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h

g(x + h) − g(x) f (x + h) − f (x)
h→0 h→0 h h→0 h→0 h
| {z }| {z } | {z }| {z }
f is diff., g 0 (x), by defn. of deriv. =g(x), since f 0 (x), by defn. of deriv.
7
Continued...

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h
Factor:

lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h

g(x + h) − g(x) f (x + h) − f (x)
h→0 h→0 h h→0 h→0 h
| {z }| {z } | {z }| {z }
f is diff., g 0 (x), by defn. of deriv. =g(x), since f 0 (x), by defn. of deriv.
f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)
7
The Product Law for Derivatives
If f = f (x) and g = g(x) are differentiable, the derivative of the

product is given by:
The Product Law: in Newton notation

[f (x)g(x)]0 = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)
The Product Law: in Leibniz notation

d dg df
[f g] = f +g
dx dx dx
Revisit earlier example
Earlier, had f (x) = x3 , g(x) = x10 , and k(x) = f (x) g(x) = x13 .
The derivative of the product was k 0 (x) = 13x12 .
Using the Product Rule...
...in Newton notation ...in Leibniz notation

d
[f (x)g(x)]0 [f g]
dx
dg df
f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x) f +g
dx dx
(x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 ) (x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 )

d
[f (x)g(x)]0 [f g]
dx
dg df
f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x) f +g
dx dx
(x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 ) (x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 )

d
[f (x)g(x)]0 [f g]
dx
dg df
f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x) f +g
dx dx
(x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 ) (x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 )

d
[f (x)g(x)]0 [f g]
dx
dg df
f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x) f +g
dx dx
(x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 ) (x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 )

d
[f (x)g(x)]0 [f g]
dx
dg df
f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x) f +g
dx dx
(x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 ) (x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 )

d
[f (x)g(x)]0 [f g]
dx
dg df
f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x) f +g
dx dx
(x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 ) (x3 )(10x9 ) + (x10 )(3x2 )
in either notation,
10x12 + 3x12
= 13x12
Example
Exercise: Let k(x) = (x2 + 1)(x3 + 5x). Differentiate k(x).
10
Example

Solution:
I k(x) = f (x) g(x), where
10
Example

Solution:
I k(x) = f (x) g(x), where f (x) = x2 + 1
10
Example

Solution:
I k(x) = f (x) g(x), where f (x) = x2 + 1 and g(x) = x3 + 5x.
10
Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
10
Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

= (x2 + 1)(3x2 + 5) + (x3 + 5x)(2x)
Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

= (x2 + 1)(3x2 + 5) + (x3 + 5x)(2x)
Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

= (x2 + 1)(3x2 + 5) + (x3 + 5x)(2x)
Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

= (x2 + 1)(3x2 + 5) + (x3 + 5x)(2x)
Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

= (x2 + 1)(3x2 + 5) + (x3 + 5x)(2x)
Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

= (x2 + 1)(3x2 + 5) + (x3 + 5x)(2x)
= 5x4 + 18x2 + 5
Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

= (x2 + 1)(3x2 + 5) + (x3 + 5x)(2x)
= 5x4 + 18x2 + 5
Solution 2:
Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

= (x2 + 1)(3x2 + 5) + (x3 + 5x)(2x)
= 5x4 + 18x2 + 5
Solution 2:
I FOIL out k(x) to get k(x) = x5 + 6x3 + 5x
Example

Solution:
I f 0 (x) = 2x and g 0 (x) = 3x2 + 5.
k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

= (x2 + 1)(3x2 + 5) + (x3 + 5x)(2x)
= 5x4 + 18x2 + 5
Solution 2:
I FOIL out k(x) to get k(x) = x5 + 6x3 + 5x
I Sum Rule and Power Rule: k 0 (x) = 5x4 + 18x2 + 5
Example [B]

d 1 2 x
Exercise: Find (x + e ) .
dx x
11
Example [B]

d 1 2 x
Exercise: Find (x + e ) .
dx x
Solution:
1
I f (x) = x and g(x) = x2 + ex
d dg df
[f (x) g(x))] = f +g
dx dx dx
1 d 2 d 1
x + ex + (x2 + ex )

=
x dx dx x
1 d 2 d −1
x + ex + (x2 + ex )

= x
x dx dx
1
= (2x + ex ) + (x2 + ex )(−1x−2 )
x
Example [B]
dy d2 y
Exercise: If y = x3 ex , find and .
dx dx2
In other words, find y 0 and y 00 .
12
Example [B]
dy d2 y
Exercise: If y = x3 ex , find and .
dx dx2
In other words, find y 0 and y 00 .
Solution:
I y 0 = (x3 )(ex )0 + (x3 )0 (ex ) = x3 ex + 3x2 ex
I y 00 = [x3 ex + (3x2 )(ex )]0 =
(x3 ex + 3x2 ex ) + (3x2 )(ex )0 + (3x2 )0 (ex )
I y 00 = x3 ex + 3x2 ex + 3x2 ex + 6xex = x3 ex + 6x2 ex + 6xex
Example [B]
√
Exercise: What is the derivative of f (x) = x(3x + 2)?
13
Example [B]
√
Exercise: What is the derivative of f (x) = x(3x + 2)?
Solution:
√ √ √
f 0 (x) = ( x)(3x + 2)0 + ( x)0 (3x + 2) = x(3) + 1
√
2 x
(3x + 2)
√ 3x + 2
=3 x+ √
2 x
13
Example [B]
Exercise: What is the derivative of f (x) = (x + 1)(x2 − 7x)(ex )?
14
Example [B]
Exercise: What is the derivative of f (x) = (x + 1)(x2 − 7x)(ex )?
Solution:
I Think of f as being: [(x + 1)(x2 − 7x)][ex ]
f 0 h= [(x + 1)(x2 − 7x)]0 [ex ] + [(x + 1)(x 2 x 0

i − 7x)][e ]
= (x+1)(x2 −7x)0 +(x+1)0 (x2 −7x) [ex ]+[(x+1)(x2 −7x)][ex ]0
h i
= (x + 1)(2x − 7) + (1)(x2 − 7x) [ex ] + [(x + 1)(x2 − 7x)][ex ]
I First break the function of three factors into two factors: a

“super factor” and a regular factor, then use the Product Rule
twice
I Or, use the “Triple Product Rule”, proved by doing Product
Rule twice on a generic “super factor”
14
Example
Exercise: If k(x) = f (x) · g(x) and
I f (2) = 3
I f 0 (2) = −4
I g(2) = 1
I g 0 (2) = 5
then find k 0 (2).
Example
I f (2) = 3
I f 0 (2) = −4
I g(2) = 1
I g 0 (2) = 5
then find k 0 (2).
Solution:
Example
I f (2) = 3
I f 0 (2) = −4
I g(2) = 1
I g 0 (2) = 5
then find k 0 (2).
Solution:
I Use k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x), plug in x = 2
Example
I f (2) = 3
I f 0 (2) = −4
I g(2) = 1
I g 0 (2) = 5
then find k 0 (2).
Solution:
k 0 (2) = f (2) g 0 (2) + g(2) f 0 (2)

Example
I f (2) = 3
I f 0 (2) = −4
I g(2) = 1
I g 0 (2) = 5
then find k 0 (2).
Solution:
k 0 (2) = f (2) g 0 (2) + g(2) f 0 (2)

= (3)(5) + (1)(−4)
Example
I f (2) = 3
I f 0 (2) = −4
I g(2) = 1
I g 0 (2) = 5
then find k 0 (2).
Solution:
k 0 (2) = f (2) g 0 (2) + g(2) f 0 (2)

= (3)(5) + (1)(−4)
= 11
Example [B]
Exercise: Differentiate f (x) = (10)(x6 )

Example [B]

df d d
Solution: = [10] · (x6 ) + (10) · [x6 ]
dx dx dx
which simplifies 0 · (x6 ) + (10)6x5 = 60x5
Example [B]

df d d
Solution: = [10] · (x6 ) + (10) · [x6 ]
dx dx dx
dh i d h 6i
FASTER SOLUTION: 10x6 = 10 x = 10 · 6x5 = 60x5
dx dx
16
Example [B]

df d d
Solution: = [10] · (x6 ) + (10) · [x6 ]
dx dx dx
dh i d h 6i
FASTER SOLUTION: 10x6 = 10 x = 10 · 6x5 = 60x5
dx dx
Time-saving tip!
Just because you can use the Product Rule doesn’t mean that you
always should.
I If one of your factors is just a constant, then SAVE SOME
TIME by using the Constant Multiple Rule instead!!!
16

Differentiation Product Rule Slides

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Differentiation Product Rule Slides

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

The product rule for differentation

Previously, we saw [f (x) + g(x)]0 = f 0 (x) + g 0 (x) “Sum Rule”

Previously, we saw [f (x) + g(x)]0 = f 0 (x) + g 0 (x) “Sum Rule”

[f (x) g(x)]0 = f 0 (x) g 0 (x)

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) =

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 =

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12

f (x) = x3 g(x) = x10 k(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x13

f 0 (x) = 3x2 g 0 (x) = 10x9 k 0 (x) = [f (x) g(x)]0 = 13x12

No! This is NOT the Product Rule!

Say you worked at Culver’s at a rate of

Say you worked at Culver’s at a rate of

Say you worked at Culver’s at a rate of

Say you worked at Culver’s at a rate of

Say you worked at Culver’s at a rate of

Say you worked at Culver’s at a rate of

Say you worked at Culver’s at a rate of

Say you worked at Culver’s at a rate of

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) + f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) + f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x + h) g(x) f (x + h) g(x) − f (x)g(x)

f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

If f = f (x) and g = g(x) are differentiable, the derivative of the

The Product Law: in Newton notation

The Product Law: in Leibniz notation

...in Newton notation ...in Leibniz notation

...in Newton notation ...in Leibniz notation

...in Newton notation ...in Leibniz notation

...in Newton notation ...in Leibniz notation

...in Newton notation ...in Leibniz notation

...in Newton notation ...in Leibniz notation

Exercise: Let k(x) = (x2 + 1)(x3 + 5x). Differentiate k(x).

Exercise: Let k(x) = (x2 + 1)(x3 + 5x). Differentiate k(x).

Exercise: Let k(x) = (x2 + 1)(x3 + 5x). Differentiate k(x).

Exercise: Let k(x) = (x2 + 1)(x3 + 5x). Differentiate k(x).

Exercise: Let k(x) = (x2 + 1)(x3 + 5x). Differentiate k(x).

Exercise: Let k(x) = (x2 + 1)(x3 + 5x). Differentiate k(x).

k 0 (x) = f (x) g 0 (x) + g(x) f 0 (x)

Exercise: Let k(x) = (x2 + 1)(x3 + 5x). Differentiate k(x).