White Paper On Core Network Interoperability

eLTE2.
2
White Paper on Core Network
Interoperability
Issue 01
Date 2014-04-25
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Issue 01 (2014-04-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
eLTE2.2
White Paper on Core Network Interoperability About This Document
About This Document
Change History
Date Issue Description Author
2014-02-21 1.00 Completed the draft. Liu Shaofeng (employee
ID: 00129458)
Issue 01 (2014-04-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

eLTE2.2
White Paper on Core Network Interoperability Contents
Contents
About This Document ............................................................................................................... ii

1 Description ................................................................................................................................ 1
2 Core Network Interoperability ............................................................................................... 2
2.1 Technical Principles ............................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1.1 Overview............................................................................................................................................................ 2
2.1.2 Protocol Stacks for Interfaces .............................................................................................................................. 4
2.1.3 Specifications and Limitations ............................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 Application Scenarios ............................................................................................................................................ 7
2.2.1 Interface Networking .......................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Typical Networking of Interoperable CNs .......................................................................................................... 11
2.2.3 Specific Application Scenarios ...........................................................................................................................12
2.2.4 Solution Characteristics .....................................................................................................................................14
2.3 Configuration Guide .............................................................................................................................................15
2.3.1 Configuring the S6a Interface ............................................................................................................................15
2.3.2 Configuring the S10 Interface ............................................................................................................................15
2.3.3 Configuring the S5/S8 Interface .........................................................................................................................15
A Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................. 16
Issue 01 (2014-04-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

eLTE2.2
White Paper on Core Network Interoperability 1 Description
1 Description
In eLTE2.1, the eCNS600 integrates functionalities of the HSS, MME, and S-GW/P-GW.
In eLTE2.2, based on the preceding four logical functional units and different product features,
the eCNS600 opens the S6a, S10, and S5/S8 interfaces to ensure its interoperability with other
products.
In eLTE2.2, the Core Network Interoperability feature meets enterprise customers'
requirements on interoperability between their private enterprise networks and other
customers' CN devices.
Issue 01 (2014-04-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

eLTE2.2
White Paper on Core Network Interoperability 2 Core Network Interoperability
2 Core Network Interoperability
2.1 Technical Principles

2.1.1 Overview
Protocol interfaces for eLTE CN interoperability include S6a, S10, and S5/S8. All these
protocol interfaces comply with 3GPP Release 9.Protocol interfaces for interoperability of the
eCNS600 with other NEs
HSS MME
eNodeB S6a S10 S6a

EMS
eCNS
S1-MME O&M
X2 MME HSS PDN

SGi Network
S1-U
Uu IP Network
S-GW P-GW SGi
UE eNodeB
S5/S8 S5/S8
PGW SGW
Table 2-1 describes protocol interfaces for interoperability between CNs.

eLTE2.2
Table 2-1 Protocol interfaces
Interface Description Specifications

S6a The S6a interface between the internal MME of the 3GPP TS 29.272
eCNS600 and the HSS is used to transmit subscription
data and authentication data.
The S6a interface between the eCNS600 and its internal
HSS is used to transmit subscription data and
authentication data.
S10 The S10 interface between the internal MME of the 3GPP TS 29274
eCNS600 and an external MME is used to transmit
information, such as subscriber contexts.
S5 The S5 interface is a tunnel interface for transmitting 3GPP TS 29274
LTE user data between the S-GW and P-GW (when the 3GPP TS 29060
S-GW and P-GW are not combined into one node) in
the same public land mobile network (PLMN).
S8 The S8 interface is a tunnel interface for transmitting 3GPP TS 29274
LTE user data between the S-GW and P-GW (when the 3GPP TS 29060
S-GW and P-GW are not combined into one node) in
the inter-PLMN scenario.
Table 2-2 Functions of technical specifications
Category Function Organization No. Name

Technical GPRS 3GPP TS 23.401 GPRS enhancements for
realization enhancements for E-UTRAN access
E-UTRAN access
Signaling Subscription data 3GPP TS 29.272 Evolved Packet System
protocols and (EPS); Mobility
authentication Management Entity
data (MME) and Serving GPRS
Support Node (SGSN)
related interfaces based on
Diameter protocol
Signaling GPRS Tunneling 3GPP TS 29.274 General Packet Radio
protocols Protocol-Control Service (GPRS); Evolved
plane (GTP-C) GPRS Tunneling Protocol
(V2) (eGTP) for EPS
Signaling GPRS Tunneling 3GPP TS 29.060 GPRS Tunneling Protocol
protocols Protocol-User (GTP) across the Gn and
plane (GTP-U) Gp interface
(V2)

eLTE2.2
2.1.2 Protocol Stacks for Interfaces

2.1.2.1 S6a Interface
The S6a interface is a standard interface between an MME and an HSS. Figure 2-2 shows the
protocol stack of the S6a interface.Protocol stack of the S6a interface
Diameter Diameter
SCTP SCTP
IP IP
L2 L2
L1 L1
S6a
MME HSS
The protocols in the stack are as follows:

 Diameter
This protocol is used for transmission of subscription data and authentication data
between an MME and an HSS. It is defined in RFC 3588.
 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
This protocol is used for transmission of signaling messages between an MME and an
HSS.
 IP
This protocol includes IPv4 defined in RFC 791.
 L2/L1
L2 is the data link layer and L1 is the physical layer. Both can use 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s,
or gigabit Ethernet.
The S6a interface is opened to achieve the following objectives:
 The eCNS600 can connect to an external standard HSS through the S6a interface.
 Multiple eCNS600 systems can be deployed in a distributed manner to provide HSS
services. Service load is shared between these eCNS600 systems to improve network
reliability and reduce the capital expenditure (CAPEX).
2.1.2.2 S10 Interface

The S10 interface is a standard interface between MMEs. Figure 2-3 shows the protocol stack
of the S10 interface.

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-3 Protocol stack of the S10 interface
GTP-C GTP-C
UDP UDP
IP IP
L2 L2
L1 L1
S10
MME MME
The protocols in the stack are as follows:

 GTP-C
This protocol is used for transmission of signaling messages between MMEs. The
version of the GTP-C protocol in use is GTPv2. Signaling messages transmitted on the
S10 interface include GTP path management messages, mobility management messages,
GTP path maintenance messages, and user information. Signaling messages must be
transmitted in a reliable manner.
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
This protocol is used for transmission of user data between MMEs. It is defined in RFC
768.
 IP
This protocol includes IPv4 defined in RFC 791.
 L2/L1
L2 is the data link layer and L1 is the physical layer. Both can use 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s,
or gigabit Ethernet.
The S10 interface is opened to achieve the following objective:
 The eCNS600 can connect to other external MMEs through the S10 interface to ensure
interoperability between multiple CNs, thereby achieving service continuity when
subscribers move across neighboring coverage areas.
2.1.2.3 S5/S8 Interface

The S5/S8 interface is a control-plane and user-plane interface between an S-GW and a P-GW.
The S5 interface connects the S-GW and P-GW in a home public land mobile network
(HPLMN). The S8 interface connects the S-GW in a visited public land mobile network
(VPLMN) and the P-GW in an HPLMN. protocol stack of the GTPv2-based S5/S8
interface.Protocol stack of the GTPv2-based S5/S8 interface

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-5 shows the protocol stack of the GTPv1-based S5/S8 interface.
Figure 2-5 Protocol stack of the GTPv1-based S5/S8 interface
Signaling procedures involving the S5/S8 interface are as follows:

 Session setup
 Bearer setup
 Bearer modification
 Session deletion
 Bearer deletion
 Bearer update
The S5/S8 interface is opened to achieve the following objective:
 The eCNS600 can connect to other external S-GWs/P-GWs through the S5/S8 interface
to ensure interoperability between CNs, thereby achieving service continuity when
subscribers move across neighboring coverage areas.
2.1.3 Specifications and Limitations

2.1.3.1 Specifications
Performance specifications of the eCNS600 and other CN NEs are as follows:
 The eCNS600 can connect to a maximum of 20 peer Diameter entities (HSSs).

eLTE2.2
 The eCNS600 can connect to external products providing the HSS's logical functions. A
maximum of one link set can be configured between a local Diameter entity and a peer
Diameter entity.
 A Diameter link set of the eCNS600 supports a maximum of 32 Diameter links.
2.1.3.2 Limitations
Limitations on networking and services are as follows:
 eCNS600 interoperability involves only the S5/S8, S10, and S6a interfaces. The S11
interface is not supported.
 When the S6a interface is opened, the hybrid networking of standard external HSSs and
distributed HSSs is not supported.
 The access of roaming subscribers to the eCNS600 is limited by the number of attached
subscribers, number of bearers, and bandwidth resources of the eCNS600.
 Exceptions or faults occurring in the neighboring NEs of the eCNS600 cause failure to
subscribers' roaming services. The automatic or manual switchover of eCNS600 boards
interrupts ongoing roaming services.
 After flow control of the eCNS600 is triggered, when some subscribers access the
eCNS600 in a roaming manner, some other subscribers may fail to access the eCNS600.
 Resetting of the eCNS600 interrupts ongoing roaming services.
 Regarding capacity, the eCNS600 has limitations both on roaming and non-roaming
subscribers in terms of the number of accessed subscribers, number of accessed bearers,
and bandwidth. Capacity expansion or reduction does not affect roaming features.
 The eCNS600 uses the Hostfile to resolve domain names. It does not allow its internal
MME to connect to an external DNS server for resolving domain names.
 When multiple eCNS600 systems share their internal HSSs, if roaming subscribers do
not support the reset procedure, the internal HSSs of these eCNS600 systems do not
support the reset procedure.
 The S-GW and P-GW in the same eCNS600 system do not support path recovery.
 In eLTE2.2, the eCNS Redundancy feature can be enhanced based on the Core Network
Interoperability feature if the S6a, S10, and S5 interfaces are opened simultaneously and
all the subscription data of HSSs is stored in one HSS.
2.2 Application Scenarios

2.2.1 Interface Networking
2.2.1.1 Interconnection Through the S10 and S5/ S8 Interfaces
As a CN product of eLTE, an eCNS600 system can connect to other eCNS600 systems and
third-party non-eCNS600 CN devices.
2.2.1.1.1 Interconnection with Non-eCNS600 Devices

In normal cases, if LTE CN devices are available on the live network, customers require that
these CN devices can connect to their CNs through the S5/S8 and S10 interfaces. shows the
interfaces and related connections.

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-6 – interconnection with non- devices
MME
S10
eCNS
MME HSS
eUTRAN
PDN Network
S-GW P-GW
S5/S8 S5/S8
P-GW S-GW
2.2.1.1.2 Interconnection Between eCNS600 Systems

In normal cases, when a new LTE network is built and needs to connect to multiple CNs,
multiple eCNS600 systems must interconnect with each other to ensure service continuity of
terminals moving across different areas. shows the interfaces and related connections.

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-7 CN networking – interconnection between eCNS600 systems
eCNS
MME HSS
eUTRAN
PDN Network
S-GW P-GW
S10
eCNS
S5/S8
MME HSS
eUTRAN
PDN Network
S-GW P-GW
2.2.1.2 Interconnection Through the S6a Interface

2.2.1.2.1 Centralized and Standalone HSS
entralized and standalone HSS applies to the following scenarios:
 Customers have a standalone HSS.
 Customers require centralized subscriber management or have other special requirements,
and they need to and are willing to purchase a standalone HSS.
 Customers require that the HSSs and CNs be deployed in different places in redundancy
mode.
The centralized and standalone HSS manages subscribers on the entire eLTE network. This
HSS connects to each eCNS600 system through the S6a interface. Figure 2-8shows the
interface and related connections.

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-8 centralized and standalone HSS
HSS
S6a
eCNS eCNS eCNS
MME MME MME
S-GW P-GW S-GW P-GW S-GW P-GW
eUTRAN eUTRAN eUTRAN
2.2.1.2.2 Centralized and Integrated HSS

The centralized HSS integrated into an eCNS600 system applies to the following scenario:
 Customers require centralized subscriber management but are unwilling to purchase a
standalone HSS.
The HSS integrated into an eCNS600 system manages subscribers on the entire eLTE network.
This HSS connects to each of the other eCNS600 systems through the S6a interface. shows
the interface and related connections.
Figure 2-9 Typical multi-CN networking – centralized and integrated HSS
S6a
eCNS eCNS eCNS
MME MME HSS MME
S-GW P-GW S-GW P-GW S-GW P-GW
eUTRAN eUTRAN eUTRAN

eLTE2.2
2.2.1.2.3 Distributed HSSs

Distributed HSSs integrated into eCNS600 systems apply to the following scenario:
 Customers do not require centralized subscriber management, and standalone HSSs are
unavailable on the live network.
The HSS integrated into each eCNS600 system on the eLTE network manages local
subscription data. Each HSS provides subscription data authentication services for the internal
MME of each eCNS600 system (including the eCNS600 system, in which this HSS is
deployed, and all the other eCNS600 systems) through the S6a interface. shows the interface
and related connections.
Figure 2-10 Multi-CN networking – distributed HSSs
eCNS eCNS
MME HSS HSS MME eUTRAN

eUTRAN
S6a
S-GW P-GW P-GW S-GW
connection
eCNS
MME HSS
eUTRAN
S-GW P-GW
An S6a link is required between the internal HSS of each eCNS600 system and the internal
MME of each of the other eCNS600 systems. Therefore, the cost of setting up the S6a link for
data transmission must be considered before networking.
2.2.2 Typical Networking of Interoperable CNs

In the typical networking of interoperable CNs, multiple eCNS600 systems interconnect with
each other through the S10 and S5/S8 interfaces. Different eCNS600 systems cover different
areas that do not overlap. Subscribers use distributed HSSs for authentication. shows the
interfaces and related connections.

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-11 Typical networking of interoperable CNs
eCNS
eNodeB
S6a
UE Uu
MME HSS
LTE Network
PDN Network
S-GW P-GW
S10 S5/S8
eCNS
eNodeB
S6a
UE Uu
MME HSS
LTE Network PDN Network
S-GW P-GW
S5/S8
The preceding typical networking is for reference only. It needs to be adjusted based on the
actual requirements and transmission costs during actual networking.
2.2.3 Specific Application Scenarios

2.2.3.1 Redundancy Networking of Multiple CNs
Multiple eCNS600 systems are networked with redundancy, and their coverage areas overlap.
Processing capabilities of and transmission resources on CNs are also designed with
redundancy. In addition, load is shared between services.
Subscribers use distributed HSSs for authentication. Data of each HSS is configured with
redundancy.
Figure 2-12 shows the interfaces and related connections.

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-12 Redundancy networking of multiple CNs
eCNS
S10 S6a
eNodeB MME HSS

UE Uu
PDN Network
S-GW P-GW
S5/S8
S1
eNodeB
UE Uu eCNS
S6a
MME HSS
LTE Network
PDN Network
S-GW P-GW
S5/S8
2.2.3.1 Networking of Dual LTE Networks

Areas covered by two eCNS600 systems overlap, and services on the two networks are
strictly separated.
In this scenario, no interface is opened between the two eCNS600 systems in most cases, as
shown in Figure 2-13.

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-13 Networking of dual LTE networks
eCNS
eNodeB
UE Uu
MME HSS
S-GW P-GW
eCNS
eNodeB
UE Uu
MME HSS
S-GW P-GW
2.2.4 Solution Characteristics

The eLTE solution provides the standard S5/S8, S10, and S6a interfaces to support flexible
networking, thereby meeting enterprise customers' diversified networking requirements.
In an enterprise scenario, a small- or medium-sized network is integrated with various logical
functional units. For networks that require centralized management of wireless terminal
subscribers, it is recommended that subscribers be centralized in the logical functional unit,
HSS, of an eCNS600 system and that all the other eCNS600 systems obtain subscription data
from this eCNS600 system through the S6a interface.
In an enterprise scenario, if the enterprise's application servers are centrally deployed and are
distant from separated campus networks, it is recommended that an eCNS600 system be
deployed on the application servers as the access gateway of the P-GW. This improves the
security of enterprise application services (because enterprise application data on the S5/S8
interface is encapsulated in a GTP-U tunnel) and simplifies networking.
2.2.4.1.1 High Integration, High Interconnection Capability, and Simple Networking

The eCNS600 integrates multiple logical CN NEs, including the HSS, MME, and
S-GW/P-GW. The high integration supported by the eCNS600 reduces the number of S11,
S5/S8, and S6a interfaces between these internal NEs, which simplifies networking. The
eCNS600 can also connect to external devices through 3GPP specifications-based S6a, S10,
and S5/S8 interfaces. Therefore, the eCNS600 applies to the deployment of small- and
medium-sized wireless networks.

eLTE2.2
2.2.4.1.2 Flexible HSS Deployment

The eCNS600 supports the networking of the centralized and standalone HSS shown in
Figure 2-8, the networking of the centralized HSS integrated into an shown in Figure 2-9,
and the networking of distributed HSSs shown in Figure 2-10. In a DR scenario, the eCNS600
connects to the HSS in active/standby mode, thereby improving the security of subscription
data on an LTE network.
2.3 Configuration Guide

2.3.1 Configuring the S6a Interface
For details about how to configure data for interoperability between the eCNS600 and the
HSS, see eCNS Product Information > Installation and Commissioning > Initial
Configuration > Configuring Data for Interworking with the HSS > Configuring the S6a
Interface.
2.3.2 Configuring the S10 Interface

MME, see eCNS Product Information > Installation and Commissioning > Initial
Configuration > Configuring Data for Interworking with the MME > Configuring the
S10 Interface.
2.3.3 Configuring the S5/S8 Interface

S-GW/P-GW, see eCNS Product Information > Installation and Commissioning > Initial
Configuration > Configuring the S5/S8 Interface.

eLTE2.2
White Paper on Core Network Interoperability A Acronyms and Abbreviations
A Acronyms and Abbreviations
E
eGTP evolved GPRS tunneling protocol
eLTE enterprise Long Term Evolution
G
GPRS general packet radio service
GTP GPRS tunneling protocol
GTP-C GPRS Tunneling Protocol-Control plane
GTP-U GPRS Tunneling Protocol-User plane
GTPv1 GPRS tunneling protocol version 1
GTPv2 GPRS tunneling protocol version 2
H
HSP hosting service procedure
HSS home subscriber server
I
IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4
L
L1 Layer 1
L2 Layer 2

eLTE2.2
White Paper on Core Network Interoperability A Acronyms and Abbreviations
PLMN public land mobile network
R
RFC Request For Comments
S
SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SGSN serving GPRS support node
SPP signal process procedure
U
UDP User Datagram Protocol


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Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 01 (2014-04-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

About This Document

Issue 01 (2014-04-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

About This Document ............................................................................................................... ii

A Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................. 16

Issue 01 (2014-04-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

Issue 01 (2014-04-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

2 Core Network Interoperability

2.1 Technical Principles

eNodeB S6a S10 S6a

X2 MME HSS PDN

Table 2-1 describes protocol interfaces for interoperability between CNs.

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Table 2-1 Protocol interfaces

Interface Description Specifications

Table 2-2 Functions of technical specifications

Category Function Organization No. Name

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2.1.2 Protocol Stacks for Interfaces

The protocols in the stack are as follows:

2.1.2.2 S10 Interface

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Figure 2-3 Protocol stack of the S10 interface

The protocols in the stack are as follows:

2.1.2.3 S5/S8 Interface

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Figure 2-5 Protocol stack of the GTPv1-based S5/S8 interface

Signaling procedures involving the S5/S8 interface are as follows:

2.1.3 Specifications and Limitations

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2.2 Application Scenarios

2.2.1.1.1 Interconnection with Non-eCNS600 Devices

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Figure 2-6 – interconnection with non- devices

2.2.1.1.2 Interconnection Between eCNS600 Systems

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Figure 2-7 CN networking – interconnection between eCNS600 systems

2.2.1.2 Interconnection Through the S6a Interface

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Figure 2-8 centralized and standalone HSS

eCNS eCNS eCNS

MME MME MME

S-GW P-GW S-GW P-GW S-GW P-GW

eUTRAN eUTRAN eUTRAN

2.2.1.2.2 Centralized and Integrated HSS

Figure 2-9 Typical multi-CN networking – centralized and integrated HSS

eCNS eCNS eCNS

MME MME HSS MME

S-GW P-GW S-GW P-GW S-GW P-GW

eUTRAN eUTRAN eUTRAN

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2.2.1.2.3 Distributed HSSs

Figure 2-10 Multi-CN networking – distributed HSSs

MME HSS HSS MME eUTRAN

2.2.2 Typical Networking of Interoperable CNs

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Figure 2-11 Typical networking of interoperable CNs

LTE Network PDN Network

2.2.3 Specific Application Scenarios