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V
T
E
Science – systematic effort of acquiring knowledge—through observation and experimentation coupled
with logic and reasoning to find out what can be proved or not proved—and the knowledge thus acquired.
The word "science" comes from the Latin word "scientia" meaningknowledge. A practitioner of science is
called a "scientist". Modern science respects objective logical reasoning, and follows a set of core
procedures or rules in order to determine the nature and underlying natural laws of the universe and
everything in it. Some scientists do not know of the rules themselves, but follow them through research
policies. These procedures are known as scientific method.
Contents
[hide]
1 Essence of science
2 Scientific method
3 Branches of science
5 Politics of science
6 History of science
o 6.1 By period
o 6.2 By field
o 6.3 By region
7 Philosophy of science
8 Scientific community
o 8.2 Scientists
9 Science education
10 See also
11 References
Essence of science[edit]
Main article: Science
Research – systematic investigation into existing or new
knowledge.
Scientific discovery – observation of new phenomena, new actions,
or new events and providing new reasoning to explain the
knowledge gathered through such observations with previously
acquired knowledge from abstract thought and everyday
experiences.
Laboratory – facility that provides controlled conditions in which
scientific research, experiments, and measurement may be
performed.
Objectivity – the idea that scientists, in attempting to uncover truths
about the natural world, must aspire to eliminate personal or
cognitive biases, a priori commitments, emotional involvement, etc.
Inquiry – any process that has the aim of augmenting knowledge,
resolving doubt, or solving a problem.
Scientific method[edit]
Scientific method – body of techniques for investigating phenomena
and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating
previous knowledge. It is based on observable, empirical, measurable
evidence, and subject to laws of reasoning, both deductive and
inductive.
Empirical method –
Conclusive:
The hypothesis is falsified by the data.
Inconclusive:
Deductive-nomological model
Scientific modelling –
Branches of science[edit]
Branches of science – divisions within science with respect to the entity
or system concerned, which typically embodies its
own terminologyand nomenclature.
Natural sciences[edit]
See also: Outline of science § Social sciences
Natural science –
Physical sciences[edit]
Physical science –
Physics[edit]
Physics – study of matter and its motion through space-time, along with
related concepts such as energy and force
Acoustics – study of mechanical waves in solids, liquids, and
gases (such as vibration and sound)
Agrophysics – study of physics applied to agroecosystems
Histology –
Trigonometry –
Number theory – branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to
the study of the integers
Analytic number theory – branch of number theory that uses
methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about
the integers
Algebraic number theory – major branch of number theory
which studies algebraic structures related to algebraic integers
Geometric number theory – studies convex bodies and integer
vectors in n-dimensional space
Logic and Foundations of mathematics – subfield of mathematics
with close connections to the foundations of mathematics,
theoretical computer science and philosophical logic.
Set theory – branch of mathematics that studies sets, which
are collections of objects
Proof theory – branch of mathematical logic that represents
proofs as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their
analysis by mathematical techniques
Linguistic anthropology –
language acquisition – the process by which humans
acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend
language, as well as to produce and use words to
communicate.
Dialectology – scientific study of linguistic dialect, a sub-field of
sociolinguistics.
Time geography –
Politics of science[edit]
List of books about the politics of science – list of books about the
politics of science.
History of science[edit]
Main article: History of science
Philosophy of science[edit]
Scientific community[edit]
Science education[edit]
Science education –
References[edit]
<http://find.galegroup.com/gtx/start.do?prodId=EAIM.>.
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