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THEORY OF STRUCTURES
CHAPTER 3 : MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
(FOR FRAME)
PART 4
by
Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources
saffuan@ump.edu.my

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 Chapter 3 : Part 4 – Moment
Distribution
• Aims
– Determine the end moment for frame using Moment Distribution Method

• Expected Outcomes :
– Able to do moment distribution for frame.

• References
– Mechanics of Materials, R.C. Hibbeler, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall
– Structural Analysis, Hibbeler, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall
– Structural Analysis, SI Edition by Aslam Kassimali,Cengage Learning
– Structural Analysis, Coates, Coatie and Kong
– Structural Analysis - A Classical and Matrix Approach, Jack C. McCormac
and James K. Nelson, Jr., 4th Edition, John Wiley

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 MDM for Frame without SIDE-SWAY
• MDM- solving indeterminate structures is a process in which the
moment in the members are determined by successive approximation.
• Does not result in moment diagram but it provides the magnitude and
sense of the internal moments at joint – to obtain the shear and bending
moment.

• TERM USED
– Fixed end moment (FEM)
– Carry over factor
– Stiffness or resistance to rotation of a member

Clockwise moments are considered positive

Whereas, counterclockwise is negative

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 MDM for Frame without SIDE-SWAY
Summary
• Stiffness for member: end is pinned
equal to:

3EI
K
L

• Stiffness for member: end is fixed

equal to:

4 EI
K
L
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 EXAMPLE 1
Determine the final moment for frame ABCD shown below. Hence,
Draw the SFD and BMD.EI is indicate in the figure.
100kN

3m 3m

B 2EI C

3m 4EI Cable / Tie Rod

EI

A D

Frame WITHOUT Sidesway

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Fixed End Moment (MF)

F F F F
M AB  M BA  M CD  M DC  0
F Pab2 F
M BC   2  75kNm  M CB  75kNm
L

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Distribution Factor (DF)

JOINT MEMBER K K DF
4(4EI) 16EI
A AB  0
3 3
4(4EI)
BA 0.8
3 20EI
B
4(2EI) 3
BC 0.2
6
4(2EI)
CB 0.5
6 8EI
C
4EI 3
CD 0.5
3
4EI 4EI
D DC  0
3 3

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Table Moment Distribution

Member AB BA BC CB CD DC

DF 0 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.5 0

FEM 0 0 -75 75 0 0

Bal 0 60 15 -37.5 -37.5 0

CO 30 0 -18.75 7.5 0 -18.75
Bal 0 15 3.75 -3.75 -3.75 0
CO 7.5 0 -1.88 1.88 0 -1.88
Bal 0 1.5 0.37 -0.94 -0.94 0
CO 0.75 0 -0.47 0.19 0 -0.47
Bal 0 0.38 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0

End
Moment 38.25 76.88 -76.88 42.28 -42.29 -21.10

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram

55.58
76.85 42.23
+_ C
B
_ B C
44.20
_
+ 90.50

38.25 21.10 38.25 21.00

A D A D

SFD BMD

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 EXAMPLE 2
Determine the final moment for frame ABCDF with overhanging member BE
shown below. Draw the BMD.EI is indicate in the figure.
5 kN 15 kN 10 kN

B C F
E
4EI 4EI 3EI

5 kN/m 4EI 4EI 4m

A D

2m 2m 2m 3m 2m

Frame WITHOUT Sidesway

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Fixed End Moment (MF)
F
M AB  6.67kNm
F
M BA  6.67kNm
F
M BC  7.5kNm
F
M CB  75kNm
F F
M CD  M DC  0
F
M CF  4.8kNm
F
M FC  7.2kNm
F
M BE  5(2)  10kNm
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Distribution Factor (DF)

JOINT MEMBER K K DF
4(4EI)
BA 0.5
4
4(4EI)
B BC 8EI 0.5
4

BE 0 0

4(4EI)
CB
4
4(4EI) 49EI
C CD
4 5
3(3EI)
CF
5

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Table Moment Distribution **Note:
Any no. divide by infinity  =0

JOINT A B C D F E

Member AB BA BC BE CB CD CF DC FC EB

DF 0 0.5 0.5 0 0 1.0 0

FEM -6.67 6.67 -7.5 10.0 7.5 0 -4.8 0 7.2 0

Bal -4.59 -4.49 0 -7.2

CO
Bal
CO
Bal
CO
Bal

End 0 0
Moment

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 5 kN 15 kN 10 kN
10 11.74 6.34 7.63
B C F
E
4EI 4EI 3EI
1.78
1.29

5 kN/m 4EI 4EI 4m

9.13 A 0.65 D

2m 2m 2m 3m 2m

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

BMD 15

12
11.74
7.63
10
6.34
E
1.78 B 1.29 C F

10

9.13 A D

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 MDM for Frame with SIDE-SWAY
• The frames that are non-symmetrical or subjected to non-symmetrical
loadings have a tendency to SIDE-SWAY
• Application of this technique is illustrated as below.
P P
∆ ∆
R R’

Horizontal displacement Virtual Prop Force Virtual Prop Force is REMOVED

are EQUAL (No side-sway) (side-sway)

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Summary
• Stiffness for member: end is pinned
equal to:

3EI
K
L

• Stiffness for member: end is fixed

equal to:

4 EI
K
L
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Summary
• Moment produced at each member
when one end of member is
displaced relative to other and both
ends are FIXED

6 EI L
M  2
L
• Moment produced at the near end
of a member if the remote end is
displaced relative to the near end
with remote end held in position but
allowed to rotate 

3EI
M 2 L
L
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 EXAMPLE 3
A portal frame ABCD as shown in Figure below is subjected to point load of 100 kN at
member BC. EI is constant. Analyze using Moment Distribution Method.
100 kN
3m 3m 4m
B C

3m

A D

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

SOLUTION EXAMPLE 3:

100 kN 100 kN
B
B C C

A D A D

+
∆B  ∆
C

∆CD
∆BC 

A D

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Case 1:
Fixed End Moment (MF): Non-sway Analysis

F F F F
M AB  M BA  M CD  M DC  0
F F
 M BC  M CB  75kNm

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Distribution Factor (DF)

JOINT MEMBER K K DF
4EI 4EI
A AB  0
3 3
4EI
BA 0.67
3
B 2EI
4EI
BC 0.33
6
4EI
CB 0.53
6 19EI
C
3EI 15
CD 0.47
5
3EI 3EI
D DC 1
5 5

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Table Moment Distribution (Non-sway Analysis)
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC

DF 0 0.67 0.33 0.53 0.47 1

MF 0 0 -75 75 0 0

Bal 50.3 24.7 -39.75 -35.25

CO 25.2 -19.9 12.4 -17.63
Bal 0 13.3 6.6 -6.6 -5.8 17.63
CO 6.7 -3.3 3.3
Bal 0 2.2 1.1 -1.7 -1.6
CO 1.1 -0.85 0.55
Bal 0 0.57 0.28 -0.29 -0.26

End
33.0 66.37 -66.37 42.91 -42.91 0
Moments

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Horizontal Reactions

66.37
B
HB

M A  0,
 HB (3)  33.0  66.37  0
HB  33.12kN
33.0
HA
A

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 100
66.37 42.91

HB HC

VB VC

M B  0,
VC (6)  66.37  (100 3)  42.91 0
VC  46.1kN
F y  0,
VB VC100 0
VB  53.9kN
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 46.1

HC
C
- 42.91
M D  0,
HC (3)  (46.1 4)  42.91 0
HC  75.77kN

HD
D

VD

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 33.12 kN
R 75.77 kN

To find R

 FH  0
R  HB  HC  0
R  33.12  75 .77  0
 R  42 .65 kN
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Case 2:
Fixed End Moment (MF): Sway Analysis

∆ B  ∆ 4  BC 4
C tan     BC 
3  3
∆CD
∆BC 
4  BC 5
D
sin    CD 
A 5 CD 3

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

therefore,
S 6 EI 6 EI 6 EI
S
M AB  M BA  2  2 
L 3 9
4
S S 6 EI  6 EI (
3
) 2 EI
M BC  M CB   2   2

L 6 9
5
S 3EI 3EI ( 3 ) EI
M CD  2  2

L 5 5

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 assume EI   45 , therefore :
S S S
M AB , BA :M BC , CB :M CD , DC

6 EI  2 EI  EI 
: :
9 9 5
30 :  10 : 9

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Table Moment Distribution (Sway Analysis)
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC

DF 0 0.67 0.33 0.53 0.47 1

MF 30 30 -10 -10 9 0

Bal -13.4 -6.6 0.53 0.47

CO -6.7 0.27 -3.3 0.24
Bal 0 -0.18 -0.09 1.75 1.55
CO -0.09 0.88 -0.5
Bal 0 -0.59 -0.29 0.27 0.23
CO -0.3 0.14 -0.15
Bal 0 -0.09 -0.05 0.08 0.07

Assume
Sway 22.91 15.74 -15.74 -11.32 11.32 0
Moment

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Horizontal Reactions

15.74
B
HB

M A  0,
 HB (3)  22.9115.74  0
HB  12.88kN
HA
A

22.91

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 100
-15.74 -11.32

HB HC

VB VC

M B  0,
VC (6) 15.7411.32  0
VC  4.51kN

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 4.51

HC
C
11.32
M D  0,
HC (3) 11.32 (4.51 4)  0
HC  9.79kN

HD
D

VD

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 12.88 kN
R 9.79 kN

To find R

 FH  0
R  HB  HC  0
R  12 .88  9.79  0
 R  22 .67 kN
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Correction Factor and Final Moment

R 42 .65
 ASM    1 .88
R ' 22 .67

A B C D
Assume 22.91 15.74 -15.74 -11.32 11.32 0
sway
moment
Actual 43.07 29.59 -29.59 -21.28 21.28
sway
moment
(ASM)
(Non-sway 33.0 66.37 -66.37 42.91 -42.91 0
moment)
Final 76.07 95.96 -95.96 21.63 -21.63 0
Moments

**ASM x Assume sway moment

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

THANKS

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 Author Information

Mohd Arif Bin Sulaiman

Mohd Faizal Bin Md. Jaafar
Mohammad Amirulkhairi Bin Zubir
Rokiah Binti Othman
Norhaiza Binti Ghazali
Shariza Binti Mat Aris

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad