(1) development (to transfer the latent image into the visible image); (2) fixation
(to stop development and remove all remaining underdeveloped crystals and
unexposed crystals); (3) washing (to remove fixer to ensure archival quality);
and (4) drying.
Development
The film emulsion is now composed of two types of crystals: unexposed and
exposed. The developer selectively seeks out the exposed crystals containing a
development site made up of five atoms of interstitial silver and converts them to
black metallic silver. The entire crystal becomes metallic silver
Manual Acid Stop Bath. The acid stop bath, normally 2 to 3 percent acetic acid
solution, functions in several ways: it neutralizes alkaline developer by rapidly
lowering the pH to the point where development stops;
Fixing Agent. The function of the fixing agent is to form soluble stable complexes
of silver salts that can be removed readily from the emulsion. Fixing agents should
have no effect on the emulsion binder or on the already developed silver.