A simple sentence consists of only one clause.

A compound sentence consists of two or more independent

clauses. A complex sentence has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause. A set of
words with no independent clause may be an incomplete sentence, also called a sentence fragment
Complex Sentences from Everyday Life The independent clause in each of the following sentences is
underlined: Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the microwave. Though he was very rich, he was
still very unhappy. She returned the computer after she noticed it was damaged. When the cost goes up,
customers buy less clothing. As she was bright and ambitious, she became manager in no time. Wherever you
go, you can always find beauty. The movie, though very long, was still very enjoyable. Evergreen trees are a
symbol of fertility because they do not die in the winter. The actor was happy he got a part in a movie
although the part was a small one. The museum was very interesting as I expected. Because he is rich, people
make allowance for his idiosyncrasies. The professional, who had been thoroughly trained, was at a loss to
explain. When she was younger, she believed in fairy tales. After the tornado hit the town, there was little left
standing. I have to save this coupon because I don’t have time to shop right now. Let’s go back to the
restaurant where we had our first date. Although my cousin invited me, I chose not to go to the reunion. As
genes change over time, evolution progresses. I really didn’t like the play although the acting was very good.
Everyone laughed when he got a cream pie smashed in his face. After twenty years, he still had feelings for
her. Some people tell me that money can’t buy happiness.
A compound sentence has two independent clauses or sentences. The independent clauses can be joined by a
coordinating conjunction (such as "and," "for" and "but") or a semicolon.

Compound Sentences with Coordinating Conjunctions

She did not cheat on the test, for it was not the right thing to do.
I think I will buy the red car, or I will lease the blue one.
I really want to go to work, but I am too sick to drive.
I am counting my calories, yet I really want dessert.
He ran out of money, so he had to stop playing poker.
They got there early, and they got really good seats.
There was no ice cream in the freezer, nor did they have money to go to the store.
Everyone was busy, so I went to the movie alone.
I would have gotten the promotion, but my attendance wasn’t good enough.
Should we start class now, or should we wait for everyone to get here?
It was getting dark, and we weren’t there yet.
Cats are good pets, for they are clean and are not noisy.
We have never been to Asia, nor have we visited Africa.
He didn’t want to go to the dentist, yet he went anyway

Simple sentences There are three main types of sentences. The first of these is called a simple sentence. A
simple sentence has one independent clause and expresses one idea. Example Example of a simple sentence.
A simple sentence must have one subject - verb combination but the subject may be compound, ie have more
than one element. Example Example of a compound sentence A simple sentence can also have a compound
verb construction. Example Simple sentence with compund verb construction. Simple sentences can only
have only one subject-verb combination and commas are not used. Below are some examples of the different
combinations that you might find in simple sentences. Examples Example of different forms of simple
sentence constructions.
sub·or·di·nat·ing con·junc·tion səˌbôrdnˌādiNG kənˈjəNGkSH(ə)n/ noun a conjunction that introduces a
subordinate clause, e.g., although, because.
oordinating conjunctions are what come to most people’s minds when they hear the word “conjunction,” and
they do exactly what their name implies – they make things go together. They can join together words,
phrases and independent clauses. If you’ve ever heard the classic Schoolhouse Rock song, “Conjunction
Junction,” then you are already somewhat familiar with coordinating conjunctions.
 The Coordinating Conjunctions
The English language has seven coordinating conjunctions, and they’re easy to remember if you can just
remember FANBOYS:

For - Explains reason or purpose (just like “because”)

I go to the park every Sunday, for I love to watch the ducks on the lake.
And - Adds one thing to another
I go to the park every Sunday to watch the ducks on the lake and the shirtless men playing soccer.
Nor - Used to present an alternative negative idea to an already stated negative idea
I don’t go for the fresh air nor really for the ducks. Honestly, I just like the soccer.
But - Shows contrast
The soccer in the park is entertaining in the winter, but it’s better in the heat of summer.
Or - Presents an alternative or a choice
The men play on teams: shirts or skins.
Yet - Introduces a contrasting idea that follows the preceding idea logically (similar to “but”)
I always take a book to read, yet I never seem to turn a single page.
So - Indicates effect, result or consequence
I’ve started dating one of the soccer players, so now I have an excuse to watch the game each week.
Using Commas With Coordinating Conjunctions
You’ll notice that in the example sentences, some of the coordinating conjunctions are preceded by a comma
while others are not. There is a very simple reason for this.

If a coordinating conjunction is joining together two independent clauses (things that could feasibly stand
alone as complete sentences), it needs to have a comma with it.

Example: The soccer in the park is entertaining in the winter (independent clause) + it’s better in the heat of
summer (independent clause) – Because these are two independent clauses, they must be joined together by
a comma and a coordinating conjunction.
Out of the three different kinds of conjunctions (coordinating, correlative and subordinating), subordinating
conjunctions are the most difficult to recognize, but they are not that hard to master. In fact, you probably use
them all the time without even noticing, but let’s take a closer look at them to see what’s going on.

A subordinating conjunction always introduces a dependent clause, tying it to an independent clause. The
clauses can go in any order; that is, the independent or the dependent clause can come first in the sentence,
but in either order, the first word of the dependent (or subordinate) clause will be the subordinating
conjunction.

Using Subordinating Conjunctions

In English, there are lots of subordinating conjunctions, but the most common ones, along with a few
examples of how subordinating conjunctions are used, are as follows:

after - “Your heart will break like mine, and you’ll want only me after you’ve gone” (Ella Fitzgerald).
although - “Although I’ve been here before, he’s just too hard to ignore” (Amy Winehouse).
as - “As I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I take a look at my life and realize there’s nothing
left” (Coolio).
as long as - “I don’t care who you are, where you’re from or what you did as long as you love me” (Backstreet
Boys).
because - “I’m everything I am because you loved me” (Celine Dion).
before - “Just call me angel of the morning, angel. Just touch my cheek before you leave me, baby” (Juice
Newton).
even if - “Even if the sky is falling down, you’ll be my only” (Jay Sean).
if - “If you leave me now, you’ll take away the biggest part of me” (Peter Cetera/Chicago).
once - “Once you pop, you can’t stop” (Pringles commercials).
now that - “Baby, now that I’ve found you, I won’t let you go” (Tony Macaulay/John MacLeod).
 since - “I guess I’ll never be the same since I fell for you” (B.B. King).
though - “Walk on through the wind, walk on through the rain though your dreams be tossed and blown”
(Rodgers and Hammerstein).
unless - “We’re never going to survive unless we get a little crazy” (Seal).
until - “[You] don’t know what you’ve got ‘til it’s gone” (Cinderella).
when - “When I see you smile, I can face the world” (Bad English).
where - “There’s a light burning bright, showing me the way, but I know where I’ve been” (Scott Wittman).
while - “I look at the world, and I notice it’s turning while my guitar gently weeps” (The Beatles).
You’ll notice that when a dependent clause precedes an independent clause, there is a comma between the
two, indicating the beginning of the main (independent) clause. However, when the independent clause
comes first, there is no need to separate the two clauses with a comma.
You know what a conjunction is, you’ve mastered coordinating conjunctions, and you’re pretty sure you
understand subordinating conjunctions; there’s only one more hurdle now between you and total conjunction
domination: correlative conjunctions. Well fear not, Grammar Conquistador. You are about to be victorious.

What Are Correlative Conjunctions?

Correlative conjunctions are sort of like tag-team conjunctions. They come in pairs, and you have to use both
of them in different places in a sentence to make them work. They get their name from the fact that they work
together (co-) and relate one sentence element to another. Correlative conjunctions include pairs like
“both/and,” “whether/or,” “either/or,” “neither/nor,” “not/but” and “not only/but also.”

I want either the cheesecake or the frozen hot chocolate.

I’ll have both the cheesecake and the frozen hot chocolate.
I didn’t know whether you’d want the cheesecake or the frozen hot chocolate, so I got you both.
Oh, you want neither the cheesecake nor the frozen hot chocolate? No problem.
I’ll eat them both - not only the cheesecake but also the frozen hot chocolate.
I see you’re in the mood not for dessert but appetizers. I’ll help you with those too.
Here are some more pairs of correlative conjunctions:

as/as - Bowling isn’t as fun as skeet shooting.

such/that - Such was the nature of their relationship that they never would have made it even if they’d
wanted to.
scarcely/when - I had scarcely walked in the door when I got the call and had to run right back out again.
as many/as - There are as many curtains as there are windows.
no sooner/than - I’d no sooner lie to you than strangle a puppy.
rather/than - She’d rather play the drums than sing.
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