5 l lari.e1· .\l. \\'eimteiti, Psvchiatry and the Cf;\: \'1cllms of \1md Con/ml tWashington.

DC: American Psvchiatnc Prc>S. 19901. 92. 99

fr D. Ell"en Camerc;n, "Psychic Drirn1g."" American /011nwl of Pwchiutrv I I 2. no. 7
(!956): i02-i09.
- D. r:\\cn Cameron and S. K. l'ande. '"lreatment of the Cltronic Paranoid Sd11zophrcnic
Patient." Canadian ,\lerlie<1l :\.1sociarirm Jmm1ul -:-S i)aini;nY 15, 1958): 95.
8. :\ristotle, "On the Soni. Rook Ill." in :\ristot/e I. Great Hooks of the \\·estem Vv(Jr/d. vol. 8,
eel. '.\fortimer J. :'\dler. trans. \\' D Ro>~ 1C:hicago: Encl'clopaedio Brit;mnirn. 1952), 662.
9. Berton Rouche, ":\< Fmp~• as be."' The,,."'. Yrlrkcr. Septcmher 9. 1974.
10. D. Ewen Cameron, "l'roclud1on ofDiffere11hal :\mnesi;1 as a htdor in the Treatment
of Sd1iwphrenia," C:omprehensii·e P~vchialr)' I. no. l 1l%lll: >2-B.
11 11 b1e11 Cameron. ]. C:. Lohrmz and K. :\ ILmckocl. "The Dcpattcming
'( m1!me11t of Schiwphrcnia;· Comprehensive Psycliiutn· 1. no. 2i1962J: 67.
12. Cameron. "Psn:l11c Dming." 5!1'-504.
! 'l. \Ve111ste1n, Psvchiatn· and the CIA. 120. FOOT\' OT!': Thonm, Jou me\' mt<.
l\fodness. 129.
H. "CIA. 1v1emoranclum for the Rcrnnl. S11b1cct: Project :\lff!Cl 101\I•:;· Jamiar.1 '.I
197;. \\'\\'W.gi.\·11.edu/-ns:irC'hiv.
15. Alfred W. :'l·kC01·, "Cruel Suence. Cl:\ ·rorturC' &: Foreigll Polin," New Englmw
foumal of Public Polir:i• 19, no. 2 1Wiute1 20051· 218.
16. Alfred W. McCoy, i\ Q11esrion o( '/'ort11rc. Cl:\ J11teml~atio11. from the Cold Wur to thf
Wur on ·rerror (New Yorl: 1'.letropolita11 Boob, 20061. 22. 'iO.
17. Those wbo fon11d themseln:s taking LSD in thi1 period of expcrimenta!1on included
North Korea11 PO\Vs; a group of patients at a dmg trcJt111e11t ccntcr Ill Lc,ington.
Kentucky; seven thousand America11 ~old1er~ •I 1'.1arvla11cl\ Edgewood Chemicil
Arsenal; and mmate' of California·, \'•cavillc Pris011. !hid, r.
29.

+.Lo. };LS ;-5; ....L: 1 ~ i....~.,_;,);) .S W...I .JJ..l, C;.~..:,_.,; ...:....;,bol:-~ .\A
l; (Commander R.J. :Y1ihams) /'~J -~) • ..1).... _,......i J (Dr. Caryl Haskms)
...i:S.J" _,:l...l:....; ;.r:.r L.G- ;;CIA .j\..jl.., ,:;l)'~~ jl_,:..;-...,

David Vienneau, "Ottaw~ Paid for "50s Brninwashing Experiments, Files Show,"
Toronto Star, April 14, 1986; "Minutes of June I. 1951, Canada 1us: UK Meeting
Re: Communist "Brninwashing"Tcchniques <luring the Korean W<ir," Meeting at
Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Montreal. June I, 1951. page 5.

19. D. 0. Hehh. \\'. Heron and W 11. Bcxto11. :\rm1U1/ Report. Co11trnt'I ORB X~ll.
Experimental Studies of .'\ttitmle. I lJ 11.
10. De{ense Research BocJrd Report lo 'fr.usury Flomd. August 'l. I 9'i4. decl<issific<l. 2.
21. "Distribution of Proceedings of Fourth Srn1posium. \!ilitan \lcdicine. 1952," declas-
sified.
22. Z11ha1r Kashmcri, "D<ita Show Cl;\ :'11onitored Depri,ation E\peri1nC11b.'' Globe '11ld
Mail (Toronto). Fehruary l 11. ! 9fH.
23. Ibid.
24. I !ebb, Heron ;md Bexton. :\1mucJI Report, Contract DRB X'lli, 1-2.
25. Juliet O'Neill, "Hmm Washin'i Tests Assailed Ill Experts," Globe cJnd :Hail (Toronto).
No\'emher 27, 1986.
26. Weinstein, Psvchiutry and the Cl!\. 122. Thomas, fotmH.'1' into :\fodness, I 03; Johrl D.
Marks. The Search for the ,\ilam·huria11 Candidate: The CIA and .\find Control (:'\cw
York; Times Books. 1979). I B.
~7. R. J. Russell. L. (; \1. P~gc :lnd R. L. Jillctt ... Iotens1ftcd Elec:troco11\ ulsant Therapy:·
Lancet (Dcccmhcr ), ]95~1: l l'7fi
28. Cameron. I.uhre11z and llamkock. "The Depatterni11i; Treatment of Sehmiphre-
29. Cameron, "PwclHc Drirn1g." 'i!H
30. Thomas, /oume" into .\laduess. li'lO
) I D Ew('11 Came roll <:t a!.. "Semon [ kpnvallon. Uiech npon the hmcllo11i11i;
Hum;in m Sp<KC Sv~term," SvmfJowm1 on f's,·clwf!hvs111/ogicul Aspects o( SflllC('
Flight. ed. Bernard I': Flahnh· i \('\\ York. ( :olnmb111 l !1\J\u,ih Pn:s>, )l)(i 11, 21 I.
Cameron ... l\1 chic Drinng." 10-l
'.\2. Marks, The Seurch for thl! .\lcmchuricm Cc111d1</are. 11~.
3 3. C.1111eron am! /'Jude. 'Trcatme11t oi the ( :hro111c l'ar,111oid ~dn10plircnic Patie!!I." <J:
H. D. Ewen Camtron. "Production of D1ffewnti;il :\11111cs1a ,J, a Factor in the Trc<1tn1ent
uf Sd1izophrn1i11." 2~.
35. Thomas. /oumer mto .\1ud11e.1s. 2H.
36. Cmncron et al.. "Senson Dcpri,at1on:· ::r•. 2>=.
37. Lawrence \\bchkr. A \liracle . a (.'ml'rrse. Sctili11g Acc·ou11t' with Torturers (Ne\\
York: l'anthrnn Bools. 19901, I 2:;.
~8. lnten·ic'" appeared m the C,u1adian 111.i~aztll<: \\.,eke11d, q11otcd i11 Thomas. fmmier
into Madnes.<, J69
3Y. Cuneron. "l'wch1c Drirnrg." 50/i.
40. Cameron 1,a, eit111g another rcs<:archer ..'\orm,1n Rosen7\\cii;. to snpporl his thoi'
Camerun et ,.i, "Semon· Depri,-,1tiun." 22'1.
{I. \\'cimtcm. l'sYChwtn and the CJA. 222.

_..__,_. ,,:,~J;- 'l. ) ..:j; ....~-L..:. _,...a'·;; CIA ,,;Lo;'......, ..J·~ c. .

..&.7 <...:lJ' .__i ·f' ~JJ_.,~·! ~r
1

J ~[-4-: _/./_j ~ll) !•J.~J'~'. ~ ~11 ..}-~·_,' ..s. .~ ~ jI

~Jl ~ ~~J~}-· Q,/_<:_s .c ...~j) ..:...'J'I":; ,_;L ·"·~./~ 1 ::/~ ~ ~ ...:...:tA.;.>..:
·'°'VY ...:..·) 1 ~ ,/._. t-;t ~
.11CJA ~d...<'r_} .fL._:.,:../'}J' ~-~.' V1\ ~ ../.~· \.\'~instcin 4-:. . ......:._; ./ ....tz '-:

H lbnl.. 141
++.James Lc\lorne. '"fr,1i1'·i11<; to ·1mtmc." .\'e1r fork Tim~"· Ju11c >. l'Jllb.
+;.Jennifer I larh1ir1-. Truth. 'forture and the .'\merictm \\'c.11· The I fiston· and
Consequence1· of[! S. /11rnfremc11t Ill 'forturl.' 1Boston: Bc:<1co11 Pre". 20()) }, il7.
46. Scmk Select Co1111111ttec 011 lnttlligemT. "Tramn1pt of l'ron:t·dini;' before the
Select Committee on !I1telligcnc-c: l lollduran Interrogation i\l.mual ~k<1ring." J1111c
16. 1988 i Bo~ I Cl\ ·1 mining \larnwk 1-'n!Jcr. l11terrogat1on \tmual Hearing,,
NJ!1on;1} Sernntv .\rchi,T>). Quoted in \1cCm·, :\Question nf 'forture, 96.
47. Tim \\'cincr. ")11tcrrogation, C I:\ -Shk.'' :\ C11 fork ·1 ime5, Fcbman· 9. l'!lJ7; Ste'en
0

\I. Klemm.Ill. "Kl IB.\RK Countcnntelli£;t'lll l' lntcrrogat1011 Re, ll'\\: ( lb;en·atiom of
an li1tcrror;.1tor,'' Fcbrnarv 2f!ll(1 111 lntelligt'ncc Science Board, ~:ducillg ln/unnalion
1W,1sltin[iltlll D.C: . .\:atio1ial Defen<.c lntdligcm·e Collci;c. Dcrcmhcr 20061, lJG.
48. Central lntcllir;cnce :\gcnn. K11hark C111mterintelli1;ence /11terro1o;11/io11. Julv IW1~.
pages I am! 'I Dccl<ls,1fied manu.11 ;, .n·a1Liblc in full front the ~,1timrnl Scrnrit\
.\rd1ivc;, "\\ ".i;1' u.edui-mdrdti\ hnplus1s ,;dded.
49. lh1cl., I. >8.
50. !hid. 1-2
; I. llllCl.. 88.
;2 Hml. 90
 1.....:
,,I;_,,~
,...,L.. ../;I ..__,., .I·
,;.;.,.i ._l-JI.~;,, ,(CIA ,JL.«L)"~~')IJ,I <-$.- _;1;i11 .-:lr
u, ""'-'
.I • J..1 -' _.,;' ../ ...... _,

_,_,....:.),. ;> ._,L.LS ;}>~ ...;L,.J_,._. S.l:.:•>;) ,..G c_;t,,.:. ;._,;.___;.la.Ar JL_ u_jL..;i
. .:-.I;~ y "'v.w.gwu.edur--nsard1i,,FootNotc:Jhid. w.-;>j ~ «._,l. ~I

54. Ccntr;i] Intelligence \t;cnc\. K11bark Cow1/eri11tellige11ce /11termgution. Juh I 963.

49-50, -:&--:-.
:; > Ibid .. 4 l. 66.
56. McCoy, A Que,tion of 'lorture. k.
57. l\kCo~·. "Crud Science," 220.
58. Frant7 Fanon. A Drin~ C:o/ornali.m1. !r;m' H:rakon Cl1nalicr ( ]')(,), rt-pr. r\e"· York:
Grove Press. 1967). I'S .

....S J,,_},f .''\>''\ t:; l'\ro JL j\ ._;!) c_L;, ..;:_; 3 ,(Pimc Messmer) .r--o'.T-~·C°­
~.:.jyi ,.A>..;.. .,:.,~L_I ;, I; .f..L<:_,,.... i .:..•L:-olh; t:; .fo_j ~y> Lo.s_,_;I}) l..>..f-L<:.,__ri
.:_,.,,;.::\L; ..L (Paul Aussll!'csscs) __,...;L.)1 J.-o Jl,_;j ,~'~;;.:_,,_I ..:....J. ~-1 1 ; .J..:..A>
For! Brag~~,;_<.:, ;I .e.> ,,s .........;\,.; ~ ~
;....._ _,,,;;.. JL..>-1
... . _, r.J
. .__;L-.::.., «I.)
;, - ~ J,.,.. I- ., . . . .,_ ,/

.::V.k ~ "~~ J .._r-y,-jL; ,._,...b-1· .:;_,;.; ;;L;;, J ..:....!; oJ.:>W. ._:;)'L_I ;>
.J-L<:_,_,..i
~1;/;LS ..._, s..i;..:__,. ~ 11..;~1,__; ~ :S_,,_. __,Lo...,:. _yu ;I;~,;._;_,_..!
,, _,,..S ~ r 0 0
Y JL. ;> I; ) Ide ale Audi~nce ..:.SJ..:;. .S Marie-Monique Robin
•...::......1
60. \kCOI. i\ Qufilion nf 'forlure. li'i
61. Di.mna Ortil. The Rlmd/(J/c/', Ew., i '.\ew York: Orbi1 Hoob. 2002:, :;:;
62. Harlmn, Truth. fort we und the 1\meric<In \Va\'.
6 'l. United >lations, Cenel'a Conwntioll Rclatil'e lo fhr Treatment of Prisoners of \\(u.
Adopted r\tti;ml I 2. I1H9, 11 \1\1.ohchr.org; Uni/(m11 Code of \lilitary Justice.
Subchaptcr !O: Pu11itil'c :\rticb. Section SlJl . .-\rtrclc lJ'l. \\\\w ..1n.af.111il.
6-1 Central Intelligence :\gc11<.:1-, K11hark Cou11terit1telligmc·e /nterrogatwn. 2; Ccntr.11
lntelligcm:e :\gcncl'. //1Jn1<1n Hesource Exploitation Trami11g .\lamwl-198\
65. Craig Cilbnt. "\V~r \\'ill lk StC'alth<..V/ilw<Iukw fo11ma/ Sentinel, September 1-.
2001: Carn \Vilh. Reugun's /\nwric·a: Innocent~ at flome i:\rn York: Do11bled;i1.
19871. \78
(,6. Katliannt· Q. Scd1c. ":\ :'\ation Challenged." .\.ew York Times. \lJ1ch 29. 2002: :\lbcrto
R Corvalt,, .\Jemorc.md11111 f(zr the !'resident. Jam1an 2'i. 2002. \\'ll'\\.rnbe.msn.corn
67. Jerald Phifer, ''Subject Request for :\pprornl of Connlcr-lkmt,mc..- Str;r!cgies.''
,\.-/emorc.mdum for Crmmumder, /oinl Task Force 170, Cktoher 11. 20112: 6.
Dcclas1ified, \\WW.npr.org.
68. U.S. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel. Office of the .·\."i1tJ11I :\ttorm·1
Ceneral. :\fomorandum /rJr !\/herto R Con::ales. Co11nsel to the l're.mlent. :\u11,11.11 I.
2002. \\WI' .washi11gto11post.rnm. FOOTl\OTE· "~lilitar; C:on11ni>rn>m :\et of
2006.'' Subchaptcr VII. .Sec. 6. !homadoc.gol'; ;\]fred \\' \kCm. ···1 he l '.S I la; ,1
llistor; of Using 'forturc." J!i,tor;· '.\cw1 ~chwrk. (;corge \l:N111 llnl\c1'ih.
December ~. 2006. w11w.hnn.m; "The Imperial Prc;idcnn at \\(>rk.'' \'e1« York
Times. Jamr:m l ). 2006.
69. Kleinman. "Kl.iil:\RK Co1111krintclligence Interrogation Rc1·ie\\." lJ).
70. D,111 !':~en. "Padilla Case Raisc.1 Questions about :\nti-'lcrror 'Lie-ties," l\;1.>hrngtrm
l'ost. :\ol'cmbl·r 19, 2006
71. Curt AncleVion, "Lm;-c;>rs Shm1 lniagcs of l'~Jilta l!1 Chaim:· .\"oci:ztccl Pre".
Dec:cmher 4, 2006; John Crnnt. "\Vil\ [)jJ The,· 'fortml· Jo;c l'adill,1." Philadelphia
Dailr .\'e11-.~. December 12. 2006