INTERPHASE
5. RIBOSOMES Not included
For protein synthesis Preparing for prophase
G1 PHASE PROGRESSION
8-10 hours o Total genetic mutation
Actively dividing o Cellular oncogene
Duplicate Organelles o Cellular proto-oncogenes
Protein formation EGFR - Epidermal Growth Factor
Receptor – for skin problems
S PHASE C-Myc <CHROMOSOME 8> ; for
8 Hourse possible colon, pancreatic, lung
DNA Synthesis cancer; promising target for cancer
Interphase cells
Cell signaling proteins = Kristen
G2 PHASE Ras (KRAS/KRAS2)
4-6 Hours <CHROMOSOME 12>
Creates enzymes and proteins
TP53 / p53 GENES – cancer suppressor gene
MITOTIC PHASE (PMAT) Oncovirus
Lack means mutation
G0 PHASE Cellular mutation mean there is genetic change
Nondividing cells
Exit from cell cycle TOP 10 CAUSES OF MORTALITY
BONE MARROW – no G0 phase 1. HEART DISEASE
RBC – 100-120 days 2. CANCER
Chemotherapy <Rapidly dividing cells> 3. VASCULAR DISEASE
4. ACCIDENT
SUMMARY OF EVENTS OF THE CELL CYCLE IN 5. PNEUMONIA
SOMATIC CELLS
TOP 10 CANCER
SOMATIC CELLS – BODY CELLS 1. PROSTATE
WARBURG EFFECT – The use of glucose even 2. BREAST
in the presence of oxygen 3. LUNG & BRONCHUS
4. COLON & RECTUM
CELLULAR ABERRATION 5. CORPUS & UTERUS
Cellular proliferation – cells are actively dividing
Loss of contact inhibition – <no trespassing TABLE 311 (READ)
effect>
Cell Biology
The cancer cells are synthesizing protein MAJOR DYSFUNCTION IN THE CELL
and glucose
Nuclei of cancer cells are abnormally large Pathophysiology of Cancer
Proliferation Pattern
When growth hormones take effect? SLEEPING AND Characteristics of malignant cells
RESTING HOURSE o Tumor-Specific Antigen (TSA)
Prostate-Specific Antigen &
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Invasion & Metastasis
o Lymphatic & hematogenous Spread
CARCINOGENESIS: MOLECULAR PROCESS o Angiogenesis
Metastatic effect
Increase ICP FAMILIAL FACTOR – disease within the family
Headache Owing to genetics
Compression of the optic nerve (Papilledema) Shared environment
Nausea & Vomiting Cultural or Lifestyle Factors
Or by chance alone
HORMONAL AGENTS
EPIDEMIOLOGY & ETIOLOGY Prolonged Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT)
Epidemiology – how to stop, how it is make = To prevent osteoporosis
Etiology - Cause o Menopause use ERT
o Prone to osteoporosis – Menopause
MICROBIAL AGENTS DES (Diethystilbestrol) for vaginal carcinoma
Bacteria Oral contaceptives
Protozoan
Fungi IDIOPATHIC/ Unknown cause
Viruses 1. Breast
2. Colon
PHYSICAL AGENTS 3. Rectal
Chronic irritation & inflammation 4. Lymphatic
Radiation 5. Bone Marrow
Over exposure to sunlight 6. Pancreas cancer arise spontaneously
Tobacco/ Cigar Use
ONCOLOGY 1