3
Create geological model from scratch 4
Well correlation
Analyze wells on Well Section, add
Initial markers Simulation
geological
Create horizons model
data: Variograms, Interpolation (Kriging,
IDW, SGS, Least Squares) Connected to
Well trajectories
Horizons Create Grid Static
Well Logs Create grid by horizons, well tops, Model
Faults points sets, Faults
in one window
(faults – tutorial 9.2)
Create properties
Facies analysis, Porosity,
permeability, ntg, …
Property calculator
Add dynamic data
RP, PVT/EOS, lifting tables,
Schedule
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Part 1: Create geological model 5
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New Project 6
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Start: Create model 7
1. Red objects are necessary to initialize to create a new model (model grid, porosity,
permeabilities, etc.)
2. Grey objects are not necessary, and will be defined by default or calculated automatically
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Load Wells 8
1. Press Show list of calculations for the selected object on the left panel. Wells. Import. Well
Trajectories
2. Wells Path/Deviation Text Format
3. Input data type MD X Y Z
4. Press Add Rows. Directory – DEMO_Geology/Well Trajectories (DEMO_geology folder contains the
files with well trajectories). Select all files *.dev
5. Press Apply
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Load Wells – All formats 9
1. Wells. Import. Wells Trajectories. You can load wells in different formats: Irap RMS Format,
Well Path/Deviation Text Format, LAS Format, GWTD Format
2. Well Path/Deviation Text Format allows to load any format of trajectories you have. Define:
Delimiter, Comment, Number of Skip Lines
3. See the preview and define column names
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Well trajectories visualization 10
1. Hold left mouse button to rotate the image. Hold right mouse button to move the image. Do
left+right click to default view
2. Press Show visualization settings
3. Wells. Edit Well names depth (via slider) if it is necessary
Show visualization
settings
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Load Markers 11
1. Press Show list of calculations for the selected object. Markers. Import. Text format
2. File name – DEMO_Geology/Markers/markers.txt
3. Delimiter – all spaces. Skip Lines – 1. Press Apply
4. Select markers names for visualization
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Save your project 12
1. Save project
2. Save your project periodically to prevent data loss!
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Load Horizon 13
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Horizon 3D visualization
1. Move and rotate 3D view of trend horizon (hold left or right mouse button and move the
mouse)
2. On the left panel Advanced Settings. Choose Horizons. trend
3. Click Show Palette
4. Select level of Distribution Sensitivity by moving a slider
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Palette modes. Edit and Save a palette 15
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Palette options
1. Select Default 5-Color Palette
2. Change Opacity by moving a slider
Opacity
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Pull Horizon 17
Edited horizon
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Load Logs (.las-files) 18
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LOGS on 3D 19
1. 3D view
2. Check a LOG name (Poro on the picture). See the LOG as a Cylinder on a well trajectory
3. Advanced Settings. Check Show Palette
4. See the LOG palette and distribution of values
5. Press Statistics&Information on the right panel and select Well Log Statistics
Statistics&
Information
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Wells Selection – correlation profile 20
1. Go to 2D view
2. Press Wells Selection
3. Click on wells for adding them in a list – Well_Selector
4. This option is useful for working with Well Section and Logs (see next slide)
5. Pressing “+” (Add) one can create several correlation profiles (Well_Selectors)
Wells Selection
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Well Section: Scaling 21
Here are presented the main functions for displaying the markers which are already present in the
project. If you need to add new markers and perform well correlation, see How To Use Correlation
1. Selected wells (see previous slide) are shown on the Well Section tab
2. Well markers (color horizontal lines) and Logs (GK, Poro and Lito on the picture)
3. Scroll the mouse wheel to scale curves
4. Hold a left mouse button and move Y-axis scale to move the image up and down
5. Use buttons for scaling on the right panel to align Log curves
Markers
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Well Section: Scaling 22
1. Place the curves into different tracks by draging it outside of the track list in Template field.
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Edit Trajectories, Markers, LOGS 26
1. Wells Table
2. Each entry in the table can be edited manually
3. Info about entries marked {…} is shown in additional table
4. You can select trajectories, markers, logs to edit manually
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Variograms. Interpolation for horizons 27
2 horizons
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Bottom horizon (interpolate a Horizon using IDW) 29
3 horizons
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Create Grid by Horizons 30
1. Model Grid. Calculations. Create Grid by Horizons.
2. Press Add Rows. Top Horizon – top, Base Horizon - bottom.
3. Partition Type – Proportional (or Along Top/Bottom), Counts – 10
4. Autodetect by: Horizons/Trend. Press Autodetect. Set the step along X, Y to 100 m
5. Make sure Calculate Angle by Autodetect is activated (a closed padlock is displayed)
6. Apply
7. Settings. Check Grid lines
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Local Grid Editing 31
1. Press Show Pull Config on the right panel. Select Grid
2. Set the Radius, Count of layers to edit and Pulling type
3. Pulling type: Proportional – the larger the distance between the layer and layer selected by
mouse the smaller distance the layer will be shifted to; Parallel – all selected layers will be shifted
to the same distance
4. Holding left mouse button you can edit grid in the selected Radius
5. Use Undo/Redo buttons if necessary
Undo/Redo
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Facies Analysis 32
Create Facies:
1. User Maps. Right mouse click: Create – Facies
2. Calculations. Facies Analysis
3. Multilayer IDW
4. Well Log - Lito (Discrete, values 0, 1, 2), (can be loaded or created in Calculator)
5. Apply. Settings. Show Palette (uncheck visualization of horizons top and bottom)
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Porosity: zone 1 33
We interpolate Porosity in 3D for zone 1 (in zone 2 we can use another interpolation parameters,
interpolation method or variorgam):
1. Model Grid. Porosity
2. Calculations. Interpolation. Multilayer IDW
3. Check Filter. Cut: Facies = 2. Well Log - Poro
4. Apply. (Porosity is interpolated in zone 1)
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Porosity: zone 2 34
We interpolate porosity in 3D for zone 2 (change, e.g., Power parameter in IDW method to 10):
1. Porosity
2. Calculations. Interpolation. Multilayer IDW. Power parameter – 10
3. Check Filter. Cut: Facies ≠ 2 (not equal to 2). Well Log – Poro.
4. Apply (interpolate porosity in zone 2). We see two zones 1 and 2 according to Facies
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Interpolate Property (NTG) 35
We are going to create the NTG property using Well Data (Logs)
1. Model Grid. Initial. Right mouse button click. Add initial Properites. Select Net to gross Ratio
2. Calculations. Interpolation. Multilayer IDW
3. Well Log – NTG. Tick Interpolate Log. Apply
4. Settings. Show Palette
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IJK-Filter 36
1. Advanced Settings.
2. Advanced Settings. Filters. Check IJK filter. Operation Intersection
3. Uncheck All. Check blocks in X, Y and Z directions
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Properties Filter 37
1. Advanced Settings
2. Filters. Uncheck IJK Filter. Check Properties Filter . Press Settings
3. Select Porosity. Move a slider to visualize the range of Porosity values
4. It is possible to select several properties and define a range for each property simultaneously
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Calculator - Porosity 38
We are going to recalculate the porosity from percents (PORO property) to values from 0 to 1
1. Calculations. Calculator.
2. Model Grid. Initial. Porosity.
3. Bottom window on Calculation tab. Initial. Porosity – double click – PORO will appear in
Formula dialogue
4. Enter Formula – poro/100. Apply
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Calculator - PERMX 39
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Calculator - PERMY and PERMZ 40
PERMZ calculation
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Crossplot 41
Trend lines
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Part 2: Create dynamic model 42
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Create Dynamic model 43
1. Definitions tab
2. Model type – Black Oil, PVT Properties – Dissolved Gas
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Relative permeabilities 44
Initialize default
values
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COREYWO Variables for water-oil system 45
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COREYGO Variables for gas-oil system 46
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PVT. Standing correlation 47
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Rock 48
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Initialization. Equilibrium 49
Default values:
Datum Depth = (min depth + max depth) / 2
Datum Pressure = Datum Depth / 10
WOC = datum depth + 100
GOC = datum depth - 100
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Load Well Events 50
Import Events
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Load Well History 51
1. Wells Data. Wells History
2. Press Import History button. Select Import History-One Table
3. Press Add Rows to load file Demo_Geology/Events and History/data-vol.txt
4. See the preview and define column names according to your data in the file.
5. Use skip line to skip the whole column
6. Press OK. Well history table will appear
Import History
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Create Time steps 52
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Set Controls 53
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Calculate and export a dynamic model 54
1. Press a green button Open Model on the top panel
2. Check Well Events Perforations to see perforations
3. A dynamic model is ready. It can be calculated in this window
4. Document. Export Model – save model in tNavigator (WELLTRACK, COMPDATMD)
5. Document. Export Model in E100/E300 Format
6. Calculated properties are available, Fluid in place, Graphs
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Thank you for your attention!
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