Cocci - In pairs
Bacilli - In chains
Spirochetes - In clusters
– In singly
OM proteins Attachment
i. Heat
a. Moist Heat
i. Boiling – 100 °C
ii. Autoclaving- 121 ºC x 15-20 minutes at 15 psi
- Sporocidal
b. Dry heat - 180°C x 2 hrs
ii. Radiation
a. Ultraviolet (UV) light - 250 -260 nm
b. X-rays - Used in sterilization of heat-sensitive items, such as sutures and
surgical gloves, and plastic items, such as syringes
iii. Filtration - work by physically trapping particles larger than the pore size and by
retaining somewhat smaller particles via electrostatic attraction of the particles
to the filters
ANTIBACTERIALS
NORMAL FLORA
Is the tern used to describe the various bacteria and fungi that are permanent residents of
certain body sites, especially the skin, oropharynx, colon and vagina.