A. Abortion
expulsion of the fetus before it is viable;
may be spontaneous or induced
the most common bleeding disorder of early pregnancy
Occur in 15-20% of recognized pregnancy
http://nursingcrib.com/wp-
content/uploads/ectopicpregnancy1.jpgB. Ecto
pic Pregnancy
a pregnancy that develops outside of the uterus; 90 percent are tubal
the second leading cause of bleeding in early pregnancy
C. Hyperemesis Gravidarum
severe, persistent vomiting during pregnancy
or excessive nausea and vomiting which leads to electrolyte, metabolic
and nutritional imbalances in the absence of other medical problems
Causative Factors:
1. High levels of hCG in early pregnancy
2. Metabolic or nutritional deficiencies
3. More common in unmarried white women and first pregnancies
4. Ambivalence toward the pregnancy of family-related stress
5. Thyroid dysfunction
http://nursingcrib.com/wp-
content/uploads/placentaprevia.jpgD. Placent
a Previa
the placenta partially or completely covers the internal os of the cervix
the most common bleeding disorder of the third trimester
http://nursingcrib.com/wp-
content/uploads/abruptioplacenta.jpgE.
Abruptio Placentae
separation of the placenta from the uterus before the baby’s birth
also called placental abruption and accidental hemorrhage
http://nursingcrib.com/wp-
content/uploads/preeclampsia.jpgF.
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy developing after
20 weeks gestation and characterized by edema, hypertension and
proteinuria
eclampsia is an extension of preeclampsia and is characterized by the
client experiencing seizures
Edema
especially of
hands and face
http://nursingcrib.com/wp-
content/uploads/gestationaldiabetes.jpgG.
Gestational Diabetes
diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy
it is a disorder of late pregnancy (typically) caused by the increased
pancreatic stimulation associated with pregnancy.
babies born to mothers with gestational diabetesare at increased risk of
problems typically such as being large for gestastional age (which may
lead to delivery complications), low blood sugar, and jaundice
http://nursingcrib.com/wp-
content/uploads/anemia.gifH. Anemia (Iron
deficiency)
iron deficiency anemia is the most common anemia of pregnancy
affecting 15-50% of pregnant women.
also called the physiologic anemia of pregnancy
hemoglobin value of less than 11 mg/dL or hematocrit value less than
33% during the 2nd and 3rd trimester.
http://nursingcrib.com/wp-
content/uploads/IncomptentCervix.jpgJ.
Incompetent cervix
characterized by a painless dilation of the cervical os without
contractions of the uterus
commonly occurs at about the 20th week of pregnancy
http://nursingcrib.com/wp-
content/uploads/Polyhydramnios.jpgK.
Polyhydramnios
characterized by excessive amount of amniotic fluid, more than 2000 ml
L. Oligohydramnios
amniotic fluid is less than 300 ml or amniotic fluid index less than 5 cm
Causes of Oligohydramnios:
1. Fetal renal anomalities that results in anuria
2. Premature rupture of membranes
3. Exposure to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
4. Premature Labor
labor that begins after 20 weeks gestation and before 37 weeks
gestation.