1/9/2017

FISIOLOGI SENAM
PJMS3102

HJ. MOHAMAD YUNUS BIN IBRAHIM

Kawalan Persekitaran Dalaman

(Homeostasis)
Pengenalan kepada fisiologi senaman
Homeostasis – Kemalaran dinamik
Sistem kawalan tubuh badan
Cabaran senaman dalam homeostasis

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Pengenalan kepada Fisiologi Senaman

Apa itu Fisiologi?
suatu bidang yang mengkaji tentang fungsi2 tisu
(otot, saraf,…), organ (jantung, paru2,…) dan
system (system kardiovaskular) dalam badan
Fisiologi Senaman – suatu bidang yang mengkaji/
menilai kesan senaman ke atas tisu, organ dan
sistem badan

Sistem Fisiologi Manusia

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Homeostasis – Kemalaran dinamik

Homeostasis – drp perkataan Greek… Homeo

which means ‘unchanging’ and Stasis which
means ‘standing – means ‘staying the same’
 It is an organism’s internal environment which
‘stays the same’
providing a stable/ constant internal environment
for the cells of the body

Contoh Homeostasis

 The external temperature varies during the day and from

season to season, sometimes by as much as 40oC, but
the human body temperature stays at about 37oC
 This is achieved by sweating, vasodilation,
vasoconstriction, and shivering
 If the body temperature rises, the sweat glands in the skin
are activated and secrete sweat on to the surface of the
skin
 When the sweat evaporates, it takes heat from the body
and cools it down

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sweat pore
evaporation
Section
through skin epidermis

The sweat gland dermis

extracts sweat from
the blood and sweat duct
passes it up the
duct to the skin
surface where it
sweat gland
evaporates

blood vessel
0.25 mm

Sweat gland

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much heat lost
Vasodilation
If the body temperature rises, the blood
vessels in the skin dilate (become wider)
and allow more blood to flow near the
surface. The heat loss from the blood
through the skin helps cool the
circulating blood

Vasoconstriction little heat lost

If the body temperature falls. The blood

vessels in the skin constrict. Less warm
blood flows near the surface so less heat
is lost

Vasoconstriction & dilation

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Sistem kawalan tubuh badan manusia

Negative feedback – suap balik negatif

Positive feedback – suap balik positif

Homeostasis

Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively

stable internal environment in an ever-changing
outside world
The internal environment of the body is in a
dynamic state of equilibrium
Chemical, thermal, and neural factors interact
to maintain homeostasis

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Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

Some variables produces a change in the body

Three interdependent components of control
mechanisms are: (biological control system)
Receptor (reseptor/ penerima) – monitors the
environments and responds to changes (stimuli)
Control center (pusat kawalan) – determines the set
point at which the variable is maintained
Effector (efektor) – provides the means to respond to
the stimulus

Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

3 Input: Control
center 4 Output:
Information Information sent
sent along along efferent
afferent pathway to
pathway to

Receptor (sensor) Effector

2 Change
detected
by receptor

5 Response of
effector feeds
back to influence
1 Stimulus: magnitude of
Produces stimulus and
change returns
in variable variable to
homeostasis
Variable (in homeostasis)

Figure 1.4

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Negative Feedback
(suap balik negatif)
In negative feedback systems, the output shuts
off the original stimulus
Example: Regulation of blood glucose levels

Negative Feedback

Figure 1.5

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Positive Feedback
(suap balik positif)

In positive feedback

systems, the output
enhances or
exaggerates the
original stimulus
Example: Regulation
of blood clotting

Figure 1.6

Positive Feedback Loop - Childbirth

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Homeostatic Imbalance

Disturbance of homeostasis or the body’s

normal equilibrium
Overwhelming of negative feedback
mechanisms allowing destructive positive
feedback mechanisms to take over

Cabaran
Senaman dalam
Homeostasis
 Sistem tenaga
 Sistem respirasi
 Sistem pendarahan
 Sistem integumentari …
 Sistem apa lagi?