Cable Editor Overview Guide in 40 Characters

Cable Editor Overview Page 1 of 2 Cable Editor Overview Page 2 of 2
Cable Editor Overview

The cable editor includes the following eleven pages of properties.
Info Page Routing Page Reliability Page
Impedance Page Loading Page Remarks Page
Physical Page Ampacity Page Comment Page
Protection Page Sizing Page
The properties associated with cables of the electrical distribution system the one-line diagram can be entered
in this data editor.
ETAP allows you to place cables in the one-line diagram to connect two elements (two buses, a motor to a bus, Compound Cables
or a static load to a bus) and place the same cable in a cable raceway. However, you can add cables to the
The following paragraphs describe three different methods of changing a one-line or equipment cable to a
one-line diagram without placing them in a cable raceway, or add cables to the raceway without adding them to compound cable (routing an existing cable through a raceway):
the one-line diagram. To explain this further, here are the definitions of the four types of cables in ETAP.
From the underground raceway presentation, click the Existing Cable button on the Edit toolbar and place the
1. One-Line Cable appears as a graphical element on cable in the desired location. Then select the desired one-line or equipment cable from the selection box
the one-line diagram. This is a cable that you add to the provided.
one-line diagram to connect buses, but has not been
previously routed through any cable raceway, i.e., does
not exist in any raceway. From the Cable Editor, Routing page, route the cable through any raceway that exists in the system. These
cables are attached or associated with the raceways without being placed in a specific location inside the
raceway. From the underground raceway system, you can then graphically move the cable to the desired
location.
To graphically place a one-line cable inside a cable raceway, select the cable from the one-line diagram and
2. Equipment Cable can be attached to equipment such press <Ctrl><Shift>+Click (holding the mouse button down). The pointer will now have an X over it indicating
as motors and static loads, but do not appear graphically that you can only drop it in an underground cable system. Hold the mouse button down until you have moved
as a separate element on the one-line diagram. This is a the pointer from the one-line view to the UGS view, place the pointer on top of a conduit or the desired location
cable that you add to equipment from the equipment in a raceway, and then release the mouse button. Since an equipment cable is not displayed graphically in the
editor, and has not been placed in any raceway. one-line diagram, you can only use the first two methods explained above to route an equipment cable.
Note: a raceway cable cannot be changed to an equipment cable. However, an equipment cable can be
changed to a compound cable.
You can add a raceway cable to the one-line diagram and make it a compound cable in two ways:
3. Raceway Cable is used exclusively within the cable 1. First select the cable from the raceway and cut it to the Dumpster. Now you can add it back to the same
raceway system only. This is a cable, which is routed raceway as an existing cable while a copy of it stay in the Dumpster. To add this cable to the one-line
through a raceway such as an underground cable diagram, use the “Move From Dumpster” command.
system, but does not exist in the one-line diagram or as
an equipment cable. 2. Select the cable from the raceway and then press <Ctrl><Shift>+Click (holding the mouse button down). The
cursor will change to a cable shape with an X over it. Hold the mouse button down until you have moved the
cursor from the UGS view to the desired location on the one-line view, and then release the mouse button.
4. Compound Cable represents a cable that is included

in the cable raceway system as well as the one-line
diagram (either as a one-line or equipment cable). This
cable is added to the one-line diagram as a one-line or
equipment cable, and then is placed inside a raceway
(graphically or from Cable or Raceway Editors). Or,
conversely, the cable is added as a raceway cable, and
then is placed in the one-line diagram as a one-line
cable.
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Info Page - Cable Editor ETAP automatically assigns a unique ID to each cable. The assigned IDs consist of the default cable ID plus
You can specify the cable ID, From and To bus ID, In/Out of Service, Length, Size, number of conductors per an integer, starting with the number one and increasing as the number of cables increase. The default cable ID
phase, and Library link from within the Info page of the cable editor. (Cable) can be changed from the Defaults Menu in the menu bar or from the Project View.
From & To
Bus IDs for the connecting buses of a cable branch are designated as From and To buses. If a terminal of a
branch (From or To) is not connected to any bus, a blank entry will be shown for bus ID. To connect or
reconnect a branch to a bus, select a bus from the list box. The one-line diagram will be updated to show the
new connection after you click OK. Note: you can only connect to buses that reside in the same view where the
branch resides, i.e., you cannot connect to a bus that resides in the Dumpster or in another composite network.
For 3 Phase Cables, only 3 Phase buses will be displayed in the drop down lists. For Single Phase Cables only
single phase buses will be displayed.
If a branch is connected to a bus through a number of protective devices, reconnection of the branch to a new
bus from the editor will reconnect the last existing protective device to the new bus, as shown here where
Branch X is reconnected from Bus10 to Bus4.
ETAP displays the nominal kV of the buses next to the From and To bus IDs for your convenience.
Single Phase Cable can also be connected to Phase Adapters. If the Cable is connected as such, then the
Phase Adapter ID will be shown in the Primary or Secondary field.
In/Out of Service
The operating condition of a cable can be selected by choosing either the In Service or Out of Service options.
Cable Type The properties of an Out of Service branch can be edited like an In Service branch. However, an Out of Service
branch will not be included in any system studies. When Continuity Check is activated, an Out of Service
This information is displayed on top of every page of the Cable Editor to reflect the cable type and size selected
from the Cable Library. This is a partial list of the library header which includes the library source name (ICEA, branch automatically becomes dimmed in the one-line diagram. All the loads and branches energized solely
through an Out of Service branch will also be de-energized and become dimmed.
NEC), rated voltage (0.6, 5, 15 kV), voltage class (100%, 133%), # of conductors per cable (1/C, 3/C),
conductor type (CU, AL), insulation type (Rubber, XLPE), installation type (Magnetic/Non-Mag.), and cable size
(350 kcmil, 180 mm2). The unit for cable sizes will be in AWG/kcmil for English unit cables and mm2 for Metric Note: the In/Out of Service option is an engineering property, which is independent of the configuration status.
unit cables. Note: ETAP provides list of all available cable sizes from the selected library for quick selection. Therefore, you can set a branch to be In Service for the Base Data and Out of Service in the Revision Data.
If you change the cable size, all library data will be substituted from the cable library into the Cable Editor. If Connection
you modify any data that was extracted from the library, the color of Cable Type will change to a dark blue color Cables can be defined as 3 Phase or 1 Phase cable by selecting any of the following selections:
to indicate that there is a conflict between the editor and library data.
3 Phase
Info
Defines the cable as a three-phase cable. This cable can be connected only to three-phase buses.
ID
1 Phase
Entering a unique ID with up to 25 alphanumeric characters.
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- Info Page Page 3 of 4 - Info Page Page 4 of 4
Defines the cable as a single-phase cable.

# Conductors / Phase
Library Enter the number of conductors per phase, i.e. if 2-3/C cables or 6-1/C cables are used (6 conductors total),
then the number of conductors per phase is equal to two (2).
Cable Overview
Impedance Page
Physical Page
Protection Page
Routing Page
Loading Page
Ampacity Page
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Library Button
To select cables from the Cable Library, click the Library button and the Cable Library Quick Pick will appear.
From the Library Quick Pick select the Cable Library type and size at the same time. Note: after the selected
Cable Library type, size, and parameters are transferred to the Cable Editor, the cable size can be changed
directly from the Cable Editor and the cable parameters are refreshed from the library. Therefore, the most
important action is to select the correct Cable Library type from the Cable Library Quick Pick. When data are
transferred from the Cable Library, ETAP automatically corrects the cable reactances for the system frequency.
Link to Library
A library link is also available to use Cable Library data instead of the stored cable impedance and dimension
parameters that are displayed in the Cable Editor. Note: Link to Library is only used at the time of execution of
studies. For example, when you run a load flow study, ETAP uses the cable library type and size as an
identifier to extract data from the Cable Library. This option is provided so that you can globally update the
cable parameters by changing the library data only.
Equipment
FDR Tag
Enter the feeder tag in this field, using up to 25 alphanumeric characters.
Name
Enter equipment name, using up to 50 alphanumeric characters.
Description
Enter equipment description, using up to 100 alphanumeric characters.
Length
Length
Enter the length of the cable and select the unit from the list box. The units of length available are: feet, miles,
meters, and kilometers. Note: every cable in the system can have a different unit.
Tolerance
Enter the percent of tolerance in line length. The Adjustments page in the analysis modules can be used to
consider +/- % tolerance in line length, effectively increasing or decreasing the impedance based on the type of
study being performed.

- Impedance Page Page 1 of 3 - Impedance Page Page 2 of 3
Enter positive and zero sequence susceptance levels in siemens or siemens per unit length, for each
Impedance Page - Cable Editor conductor. If the value of Y>0, the circuit element is treated as a pi equivalent, with one-half of the charging
susceptance connected to neutral at each end of the circuit. If Y=0, the cable is treated as a simple impedance.
This susceptance must be entered at the system operating frequency specified for this data file.
When data is recalled from English (60 Hz) or Metric (50 Hz) libraries, ETAP automatically corrects for the
system operating frequency. After this value is entered here, ETAP will not make any adjustment to this value.
The zero sequence susceptance is used only for unbalanced fault current calculations.
Units
Select impedance units as ohms per unit length or ohms. With the selection of ohms per unit length, a length
should also be designated, including a unit from the list box. Units available are: feet, miles, meters, and
kilometers.
Cable Temperature
Base Temperature
Enter the conductor base temperature (in degrees Celsius) at which the cable resistances are entered.
Minimum & Maximum Temperature

Two conductor temperature limits (in degrees Celsius) may be entered for adjusting positive and zero
sequence resistances (R and R ) for different studies. The first limit is the minimum operating temperature; the
0
second limit is the maximum operating temperature. ETAP will use the most conservative temperature limit for
each study type. For example:
Temperature Limit
Min Max
Load Flow X
Short-Circuit X
Motor Starting X
Transient Stability X
If this correction is not wanted, set both minimum and maximum temperature limits equal to the base
Impedance temperature. ETAP uses the following equations for temperature corrections:
Positive and Zero Sequence Resistances (R & R ) R’ = R ( 234.5 + Tc )/( 234.5 + Tb ) Copper Conductors
0
Enter positive and zero sequence resistances at the base temperature, in ohms or ohms per unit length, per R’ = R ( 228.1 + Tc )/( 228.1 + Tb ) Aluminum Conductors
conductor. This is for each conductor, not the total resistance per phase. ETAP corrects these resistances for
different studies based on the specified temperature limits. The zero sequence resistance is used only for where:
unbalanced fault current calculations.
R = Resistance at base temperature Tb
Positive and Zero Sequence Reactances (X & X ) R’= Resistance at operating temperature Tc
0
Tb = Conductor base temperature in C
Enter the positive and zero sequence reactance levels, in ohms or ohms per unit length, per conductor. This is
for each conductor, not the total reactance per phase. These reactance levels must be entered at the system Tc = Conductor temperature limit in C
operating frequency specified for this data file. When data is recalled from English (60 Hz) or Metric (50 Hz)
libraries, ETAP automatically corrects for the system operating frequency. After this value is entered here, If the conductor type is not known (no cable library is selected), ETAP defaults to copper as a conductor type.
ETAP will not make any adjustment to this value. The zero sequence reactance is used only for unbalanced
fault current calculations.
Cable Overview
Positive and Zero Sequence Susceptances (Y & Y0) Info Page
Physical Page

- Impedance Page Page 3 of 3 - Physical Page Page 1 of 3
Protection Page
Routing Page Physical Page - Cable Editor
Loading Page
Ampacity Page
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Dimensions
The physical properties of cables entered in this page are only used for calculating engineering data needed
for cable ampacity derating studies (U/G Raceway Systems) only.
Rdc
This is the DC resistance of the cable in micro ohm at 25 degrees C.
Cable OD
This is the overall cable outside diameter including the sheath, armor and/or jacket in inches or centimeters.
Conductor OD
This is the physical outside diameter of the conductor in inches or centimeters.
Insulator t
This is the thickness of the conductor insulation in mil or mm.
Sheath t

- Physical Page Page 2 of 3 - Physical Page Page 3 of 3
This is the thickness of cable sheath or armor in mil or mm. This value becomes zero if the Sheath/Armor Paper PVC RHW THWN
option is set to None. PE FEP SA TW
Jacket t XLPE FEPB SIS UF
This is the thickness of outer cable jacket in mil or mm. EPR MI TA USE
SBR MTW TBS V
Weight Rubber PFA TFE XHHW
This is the weight of the cable in lbs/1000ft or kg/km. Rubber1 PFAH THHN
Max. Tension Rubber2 RH THHW
2
This is the maximum tension that the cable can withstand without damage in lbs/kcmil or kg/mm .
Cable Overview
Max. SW
Info Page
This is the maximum Side Wall pressure in lbs/ft or kg/m. Impedance Page
Protection Page
Conductor Construction
Routing Page
Conductor construction is used for determining ks and kp parameters, which are used for calculating the ac to Loading Page
dc ratio parameters. Several available choices of conductor construction are:
Ampacity Page
Sizing Page
ConRnd Concentric Round None Coated None Treated
Reliability Page
ConRnd-Coated Concentric Round Coated None Treated Remarks Page
ConRnd-Treated Concentric Round None Coated Treated Comment Page
CmpRnd-Treated Compact Round None Coated Treated
CmpSgm Compact Segmental None Coated None Treated
CmpSgm-Coated Compact Segmental Coated None Treated
CmpSgm-Treated Compact Segmental None Coated Treated
CmpSct-Treated Compact Sector None Coated Treated
The coating is tin or alloy. The term Treated implies a completed conductor, which has been subjected to a
drying and impregnating process similar to that employed on paper power cables.
Shielding
Choose shielded or not shielded.
Sheath/Shield End Connection

Choose either the open or grounded option. Grounded option implies that the sheath and shield are grounded
at more than one location.
Sheath/Armor Type
None St Armor/45 dg/ 15 W St Armor/45 dg/ 60 W
Lead Sheath St Armor/45 dg/ 20 W St Armor/45 dg/ 70 W
Aluminum Sheath St Armor/45 dg/ 25 W St Armor/45 dg/ 80 W
St Armor/30 dg/ 15 W St Armor/45 dg/ 30 W St Armor/45 dg/ 90 W
Jacket Type
Jacket Types available:
None NeoPrene RHH THW

Protection Page - Cable Editor Page 1 of 5 Protection Page - Cable Editor Page 2 of 5
Protection Page - Cable Editor

2
The Protection page provides options related to cable protection. It includes options for plotting the cable thermal capability (I t)
curve on a Star View, updating short-circuit current, and cable protection information specifically for cable installations compiling
with BS 7671 standard. Cables do not have unlimited power handling capability and need protection to prevent operation
beyond that capability in the event of short-circuit conditions. The main cause of reduced cable lifetime is high temperature
generated by continuous overloading or uncoordinated fault protection. Cable protection is required to protect personnel and
equipment.
This option is active only when a cable is selected from the library.
Thermal Capability
2
Plot I t
When this option is selected, a cable thermal capability curve will be plotted on the active Star View.
For a new cable, Plot I2t option is unavailable, as shown below.
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Protection Page - Cable Editor Page 3 of 5 Protection Page - Cable Editor Page 4 of 5
circuit current can also be updated automatically when you Run/Update Short-Circuit kA from the Star-Protection Device
Coordination mode.
Calculated
Select Calculated to let ETAP update Max. Fault kA, Min. Fault kA and X/R. These values are updated by running “Run / Update
Short –Circuit kA” in Star mode. Max. kA is updated with ½ Cycle kA for standard ANSI and Max Short-Circuit Current for
standard IEC. Min. Fault kA and X/R is updated with 30 Cycle kA for standard ANSI and Min. Short-Circuit Current for IEC. If
both terminal buses of the cable are faulted the fault kA from the bus that has bigger Max/ Fault kA will be used.
When this option is selected the kA and X/R fields in this group become display only.
2 User-Defined
The thermal capability curve is an I t characteristic curve that depends on the following parameters:
You may enter the Max. kA, Min. kA and X/R by selecting the User-Defined option. Once this option is selected, the kA and X/R
fields in this group become editable.
 Conductor temperature
Maximum kA
 Insulation type
Enter the maximum short-circuit current in kA when cable terminal bus is faulted. Based on this current, the positive sequence
 Number of conductors per phase impedance of the equivalent system is calculated. It is assumed that the negative sequence impedance of the equivalent system
is the same as that of positive sequence.
° ° Minimum kA
The ambient temperature of air is assumed to be 40 C and the fusing temperature of copper is 1083 C. The thermal capability
Enter the maximum short-circuit current in kA when cable terminal bus is faulted. For a three-phase system, this generally is the
curve is always drawn between 1 to 10 seconds.
short-circuit current for a line-to-ground fault. Base this current, ETAP calculates the zero sequence impedance of the equivalent
system.
Conductor Temperature
When a cable is selected from the library, the thermal capability curve can be plotted based on operating conductor temperature X/R
or base (manufacturer) conductor temperature. This temperature is the initial temperature of the cable before a fault or overload
This is the X/R for the faulted terminal bus of the cable.
condition.
Pin (Disable Update)
This check box is enabled only when the Calculated option is selected. When this option is selected, the Fault kA fields will not
be updated when you “Run / Update Short –Circuit kA” in Star mode.
Protective Device
The base conductor temperature (Tc) is available from the library and is displayed on the Ampacity page of the Cable Editor. Overload Protection
This section is used only for BS – 7671 based cable sizing. You may select the User-Defined or None option for overload
protection. When the User-Defined option is selected, the In, I2 and BS 3036 fields will be enabled.
In – Nominal current of overload protection device in amperes.
I2 – Operating current of overload protection device in amperes.
BS 3630
If the cable is applied where the conductor temperature does not match the manufacturer specified base temperature, then the Check BS 3036 if the overload protection is a Fuse to BS 3036. This field is applicable only when the BS 7671 is selected as the
operating temperature value can be modified to display the appropriate thermal capability curve. If the operating conductor installation standard in the Ampacity page.
temperature is lower than the base conductor temperature, then the cable will have higher thermal capability.
Short-Circuit Protection
Select User-Defined or None for short-circuit protection. If User-Defined is selected, user can enter the Short-Circuit Protection
Time which is used for cable sizing.
Time
Enter the time of maximum three-phase short-circuit time in seconds. This time is used in cable sizing if Short-Circuit
requirement is checked on the Sizing page.
Reference kV Protective Grounding Z

This section is not used in this release. It is only applicable to BS 7671 based cable sizing. Enter the R and X values in Ohm for
Calculated Base kV Protective Grounding. This is the total value of circuit protective conductor (CPC) impedance and customer earthing conductor
This kV value is automatically updated with terminal bus base kV when you Run/Update Short-Circuit kA from the Star- impedance.
Protection Device Coordination mode and at least one cable terminal bus is faulted. This is a display only field.
Short-Circuit Current (Sym. rms)

Cable Overview
This group allows you to specify the maximum and minimum short-circuit current when the terminal bus of the cable is faulted. Info Page
These short-circuit current are used for cable sizing as well as for determining the equivalent system impedance. The short-
Impedance Page
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Protection Page - Cable Editor Page 5 of 5 - Routing Page Page 1 of 2
Physical Page
Routing Page Routing Page – Cable Editor
Loading Page The Routing page provides lists of routed raceways and available raceways. The cable ID and raceway type
Ampacity Page are shown for both the routed and available raceways.
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Routed Raceways
This is a list of raceways through which this cable is routed. When you add a raceway to this list (by using the
insert or add buttons), the cable is placed in a container attached to the raceway without being placed in any
specific conduit or location.
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- Routing Page Page 2 of 2 - Loading Page Page 1 of 4
When you bring up the graphical editor for the underground systems, you will see the cables in a container of
cables that are assigned to this raceway but not assigned to a specific conduit. This container is attached to the Loading Page - Cable Editor
raceway and will disappear when it is empty. You must select and graphically move the cable from the The Loading Page provides information regarding cable loading (amp) and other parameters, which are used in
unassigned cable container to the desired location. cable ampacity derating (Underground Raceway System) and cable sizing calculations.
This is a list of all existing available raceways in this project, i.e., raceways that this cable can be routed
through. Note: since you cannot route a cable twice through a raceway, this list does not include the raceways
listed under Routed Raceways.
Available Raceways
This is a list of all existing available raceways in this project, i.e., raceways that this cable can be routed
through. Note that since you cannot route a cable twice through a raceway, this list does not include the
raceways listed under Routed Raceways.
Insert: Route this cable through the selected raceway from the available
raceway list ,i.e., insert the selected raceway to the list of routed raceways.
Add: Route this cable through the selected raceway from the available
raceway list ,i.e., add the selected raceway to the list of routed raceways.
Cut: Unroute this cable from the selected raceway.
Cable Overview
Info Page
Impedance Page
Physical Page
Protection Page
Loading Page
Ampacity Page
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Operating Load / Current

The operating load is specified in amps. This value is used for steady-state temperature calculation or as the
initial value of the cable load profile for the transient temperature calculation. The operating Avg. Phase A,
Phase B, and Phase C can be updated with the results from load flow studies. You can do this by checking the
Update Cable Load Amp option in the Info Page of the Load Flow and Unbalanced Load Flow Study Cases.
Growth Factor (GF)

- Loading Page Page 2 of 4 - Loading Page Page 3 of 4
The Projection Multiplying Factor (MF) must be specified in percent. This value is used to indicate future load kWp = Peak load
projection (load reduction or growth). You can select the option to use this Projection Multiplying Factor for Tt = Ton + Toff
cable temperature calculations from the Cable Ampacity Derating Study Case.
Ton = Total hours when the load is on
Loading Current for Sizing Toff = Total hours when the load is off
E = Energy (kWh) consumed by load over the interval
Operating Current
The operating load current specified for this cable in the Loading page will be used if this option is selected. If the cable carries load (current) at every interval, then the equation can be simplified to the percentage of time
that the cable will be carrying the current:
Full Load Amps of Element
The continuous current rating (rated current or FLA) of the selected element will be used for sizing Load Factor = 100 Ton/Tt %
requirements. The motor ID is displayed here for motor equipment cables and the FLA of the motor is used. = 100 % (if it carries the load for 24 hours per day)
User-Defined
IEC 287 method ignores the load factor. It uses 100% Load factor for the calculation of the conductor
Use this option to enter any value for the cable current. temperature.
Sheath/Armor Current
NEC 430.6
The sheath/armor current can be specified as a percent of cable load current. This value indicates the amount
The ampacity of the equipment cables is based on the motor ratings as determined by section 430.6 of NEC of neutral or ground current that is carried by sheath or armor, and is considered only by the Neher-McGrath
code. The current, in Amps, is derived based on the following: method.
Motor Type Motor Nameplate Motor Rated Motor NEC Transient Load Profile
HP kV Connection Table
Number The load profile provides up to 20 time and current entry fields for specifying the loading pattern of the cable as
(or equivalent in a function of time.
kW)
DC Motor 1/4 to 200 0.090 to 0.550 430.247 # Time Current
AC Induction 1/6 to 10 0.115 to 0.23 Phase-to- 430.248 1 0.0 230
Ground 2 3.5 560
AC 1/6 to 10 0.115 to 0.23 Phase-to- 430.248 3 7.3 400
Synchronous Ground 4 0.0 0.0 (all data from this
point are ignored
AC Induction 1/2 to 200 0.115 to 2.3 Phase-to-Phase 430.249
since time = 0.0 )
AC 1/2 to 200 0.115 to 2.3 Phase-to-Phase 430.249
Synchronous
AC Induction 1/2 to 500 0.115 to 2.3 3-Phase 430.250
AC 25 to 200 0.23 to 2.3 3-Phase 430.250
Synchronous
In this example, the cable loading is changed from the steady-state (initial value) to 230 amperes at time zero,
to 560 amps at time 3.5 hours, and finally to 400 amps after 7.3 hours. The steady-state or initial value can
either be 230 amps (value entered at the first time slot) or it can be set equal to the cable operating load. You
UnderGround Raceway (UGS) can set the option for the initial/steady-state value from the Cable Derating Study Case Editor.
Load Factor Time Unit

The load factor is the ratio of average load to peak load in percent. Use the following equation to calculate the Select the time units for the load profile.
load factor:
Optimization Options
Load Factor = 100 ( kWi x Ti )/( kWp x Tt ) %
= 100 E/( kWi x Tt ) % These options are for ampacity and sizing calculations for the U/G raceway systems.
Fixed Current
where
If this box is checked, the cable current will remain unchanged for the ampacity calculations (Uniform
i = Interval of time when the load is non-zero Temperature and Uniform Ampacity). Use this flag for cables that do not require ampacity optimization.
kWi = Load at interval i
Ti = Number of hours of interval i Fixed Size

- Loading Page Page 4 of 4 - Ampacity Page - Cables Page 1 of 20
If this box is checked, the cable size will remain fixed for the cable sizing calculations.
- Ampacity Page - Cables
Cable Overview
Info Page
Impedance Page
Physical Page
Protection Page
Routing Page
Ampacity Page
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Calculation Methods and Standards

Dependent on the cable installation type, different methods can be used to calculate cable ampacity.
IEEE 399
This calculation method is according to the IEEE Std 399, IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and
Commercial Power Systems Analysis. It covers installation types of underground duct and directly buried. The
calculation is based on ampacity at a base condition and adjustment factors derived from detailed calculations using
the Neher-McGrath method.
These factors establishe a maximum feasible load capacity, which results in no reduction of the cableexpected
lifetime. The overall derating factor is composed of several components as listed on the following page.
Fta = Derating factor for ambient temperature

Ftc = Derating factor for maximum allowable conductor temperature
Fth = Derating factor for underground soil thermal resistance
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- Ampacity Page - Cables Page 2 of 20 - Ampacity Page - Cables Page 3 of 20
Fg = Derating factor for cable grouping conductor temperature (Tc) is determined based on cable conductor type and insulation type corresponding to
Tables 4D1A and onwards of BS 7671.
Fc = Derating factor for A/G tray covers
Fm = Derating factor for A/G tray maintained spacing
Cable Base Ampacity is from Tables 4DA1 and onwards of BS 7671. Under certain conditions, the base ampacity
Fce = Cumulative effect factor for A/G trays may not be available from these tables and the “Base” Aapacity field will show zero. In this case you may refer to
Fm = Derating factor for A/G conduit (NEC and diversity factor) ETAP log pane for more information.
Ffc = Derating factor for A/G fire coating
Ffs = Derating factor for A/G fire stop Cable Derated Ampacity is displayed in the “Derated” Ampacity field. The following derating factors are considered
Ffw = Derating factor for A/G fire wrap for cable derating calculation:
ICEA P-54-440 Ca – Correction factor for ambient temperature. The factor is from Table 4C1 or Table 4C2 of BS 7671
The method based on ICEA P-54-440 applies to cables in above ground trays using calculated derating factors Appendix 4.
based on tray size, cable fill, and environment conditions. The actual values of tray depth, width, and % fill entries
will be taken into account, which gives more accurate results and is based on the method described in the Stople
1 Cg – Correction factor for grouping. The factor is from Tables 4B1, 4B2 or 4B3 of BS 7671 Appendix 4.
paper (Paper 70 TP 557-PWR) . However, the Stople method may provide a smaller ampacity for large cables (for
2
example, 750 mm ) compared to those from ICEA P-54-440. Ci – Correction factor for conductors embedded in thermal insulation. Refer to Section 523-04 of BS 7671 for
detailed information.
In addition, if both the ambient temperature and conductor temperature differ from those shown in the ICEA
0 0 Cf – Correction factor for BS 3036 fuse. A factor of 0.725 is applied for cables protected by a fuse to BS 3036.
standard (40 C ambient temperature and 90 C conductor temperature), the resulting ampacity values may be
smaller because the standard used the product of both correction factors as the temperature correction. In ETAP Refer to Section 5 of BS 7671 Appendix 4 for detailed information. A BS 3036 Fuse is specified on the
calculations, the ambient temperature and conductor temperature values are used directly in the calculation and, Protection page by selecting User-Defined Overload Protection device.
therefore, yield more accurate results.
If a de-rating factor cannot be determined, the “Derated” Ampacity field on the Ampacity page will show zero. In this
In the used method, the following AC resistance equations for temperature corrections are employed: case you may refer to ETAP log pane for more information.
Sheath and Jacket Layer

R’= R(234.5 + Tc) / (234.5 + Tb) Copper Conductors
According to BS 7671, sheath layer is an important factor in ampacity calculation and the sheath layer can be either
R’= R(228.1 + Tc) / (228.1 + Tb) Aluminum Conductors
metallic or non-metallic. In the current version of ETAP, a sheath layer is only metallic: lead or aluminum. A Jacked
in ETAP is treated as non-metallic sheath for BS 7671 based calculation. Therefore, for ampacity calculation based
Where: on BS 7671, it is considered that the cable has a sheath layer if the cable has either a sheath layer or a jacket layer.
It is required to enter a nonzero thickness value if a Sheath/Amor or Jacket Type is selected. Note that Paper type
R = Resistance at the base temperature Tb Jacket is not treated as a sheath for BS 7671 based calculation.
R’= Resistance at the operating temperature Tc
O Flexible cable is not handled in this ETAP release.
Tb = Conductor base temperature in C
O
Tc = Conductor temperature limit in C
Installation
NEC
The cable installation type can be specified based on the installation types or the standard used for calculation.
This method calculates derating factors for cable trays according to NEC. It applies to cables in above ground trays,
conduits, and air drop. NEC does not provide ampacity derating due to bottom cover or correction of the ampacity Standard
multiplying factors due to the cumulative effects of combinations of tray covers and fireproofing. In general, cable
sizes of 2/0 AWG and smaller are installed in cable trays in a randomly filled manner, with a maximum of two cables If the option of Standard is selected, the Standard list field contains all the calculation standards currently available
high. in ETAP, including IEEE 399, ICEA P-54-440, NEC, and BS 7671. When one of these standards is selected from
the list, the Installation Type list will contain only the installation types applicable to the standard. The table below
gives all the installation types and applicable standards.
Base ampacity of randomly filled trays are based on installations at a uniform depth up to the maximum of 30% fill
for 3 or 4-inch tray depths. The method applied here corresponds to a maximum fill condition and does not consider Type
fill conditions exceeding the nominal depths. If the option of Installation Type is selected, the Installation Type list field contains all the installation types currently
available in ETAP. When one of these installation types is selected, the Standard list field will contain only the
BS 7671 standards applicable to the selected installation type. The table below gives all the installation types and applicable
This method is based on BS 7671 - 2001, Requirements for Electrical Installation. It applies to a number of types of standards.
installation, including above ground and under ground configurations. This method can be used for cables at
nominal voltages up to and including 1000V a.c. and 1500V d.c.
Applicable Standards and Installation Types
o
The displayed cable Base ambient temperature (Ta) is fixed at 30 C per BS 7671. The cable Base maximum
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Note: Magnetic/Non-magnetic Installation

Magnetically installed cables imply that there is a continuous raceway (conduit) around the cables with circulating
current due to the magnetic field of the cables. This circulating current will cause the cable reactance (X1 and X0) to
increase by up to 15% for smaller size cables, and 5 to 10% for larger size cables. The following table shows when
to use cable libraries designated as Magnetically and Non-magnetically Installed cables:
Cable Library Header

Magnetically Non- Magnetically
Installed Installed
U/G Duct – PVC Conduits X
U/G Duct – Mag. Conduits X
U/G Buried X
A/G Tray – No Cover X
A/G Tray – Solid & Mag. Material X
A/G Conduit - PVC X
A/G Conduit – Mag. Conduit
Air Drop X
Temperature/RHO
This section includes information about cable temperature and earth thermal resistivity if the installation type is U/G
Duct or U/G Buried.
Base
Sub-Type
When the BS 7671 standard appears in the Standard field, the installation sub-type and installation method will also Ta
show up along with the installation type. You can select different installation sub-type from the list.
This is the ambient temperature in degrees Celsius centimeter obtained from the library for the base ampacity. The
ambient temperature is the temperature at a cable installation location when the cable installation is absent. Base
Method
ampacity for U/G cables are usually given at 20 degrees Celsius.
This field displays the installation method for the selected sub-type per Table 4A1, BS 7671 : 2001, Requirements
for Electrical Installations.
Tc
Conductor temperature in degrees Celsius obtained from the library for the base ampacity. This order is usually
given at 90 degrees Celsius.


RHO
Fce = Cumulative effect factor for A/G trays
The thermal resistivity of the soil in degrees Celsius centimeters per Watt obtained from the library for the base
ampacity. The fields for RHO will be hidden if the installation type is not U/G Duct or U/G Buried. Fm = Derating factor for A/G conduit (NEC & diversity factor)
Operating Ffs = Derating factor for A/G fire stop
Ta Ffw = Derating factor for A/G fire wrap
Ambient temperature for actual underground installations in degrees Celsius. The ambient temperature is the
Allowable Ampacity (Alert)
temperature at the cable installation location when the installation is absent.
This is the maximum allowable ampacity of the cable. It is used in the load flow output reports to indicate the
Tc percent of cable overloading. This value is also used as a base for the cable flow constraint in the optimal power
Maximum allowable conductor temperature for actual underground installations in degrees Celsius. flow studies.
ETAP provides options for selecting the maximum allowable current:

RHO
The thermal resistivity of the soil for actual underground installations in degrees Celsius centimeters per Watt.
Derated Select this option to make the derated ampacity the maximum allowable
current for this cable.
Ampacity User-Defined Select this option to enter the maximum allowable current for this cable
Ampacity ratings are displayed for easy comparison of base, derated and, required (I x MF) ampacities. The method UGS Select this option to use the ampacity calculated by the Underground
used here is based on a concept of a derating factor that is applied against a base ampacity to calculate the derated Calculated Raceways Systems module.
ampacity.
Id = F x Ib Tray
This section is enabled when the installation type is A/G Trays and the Standard is either ICEA P-54-440 or NEC.
FLA / Operating
This field displays the required load current for the cable. For a branch cable, the required current will be the
Average operating current entered or updated by load flow calculations in the Loading page of the cable editor
For an equipment cable, the option of FLA/Operating will be enabled. If the FLA option is selected, the required
current is the full load ampere of the load. If the Operating option is selected, the required current will be the
Average operating current entered or updated by load flow calculations in the Loading page of the cable editor.
Base
The full rated current value in amperes for the chosen cable before any derating occurs. This is the ampacity stated
or specified by the manufacturer or other authoritative sources, such as NEC or ICEA. Note that if the calculation
standard is ICEA P-54-440, this field is hidden, since the base ampacity is not required for the calculation by the
standard.
Derated
The modified base ampacity (maximum allowable current) in amperes for the chosen cable under the specified
installation conditions.
Note: Overall Derating Factor (F)

Adjustment or correction factor which takes into account differences in the cableactual installation conditions from
the base conditions. This factor establishes a maximum feasible load capacity, which results in no reduction of the
cableexpected lifetime. The overall derating factor is composed of several components as listed on the following
page.
Top Cover
Select Top Cover if there is a removable top cover on the cable tray.
Fth = Derating factor for underground soil thermal resistance Bottom Cover
Fg = Derating factor for cable grouping Select bottom cover if there is a bottom cover on the cable tray, whether it is removable or solid, of more than 6
Fc = Derating factor for A/G tray covers feet.

Cumulative Effect Layout

Cumulative effect applies correction factors for combinations of barriers, fire coatings, and covers on cable trays.
The following table summarizes the factors ETAP uses: This section is enabled when the standard is BS 7671 and the installation type is one of the above ground types.
Fire Fire Fire Wrap Top Bottom PS Uses…

Coating Stop Cover Cover
X X Fire Wrap
X X Smaller
X X Smaller
X X X Top & Bottom
X X Wrap
X X Wrap
X X X Wrap
Maintained Spacing
Check this box to indicate that cables are kept in the tray with maintained spacing.
Ampacity Adjustment
The Ampacity Adjustment section is enabled when the cable installation type is A/G conduit and the Standard is
NEC. From this section, you can select options to consider grouping effect.
Horizontal
Select Horizontal layout with Touching or Spaced if applicable.
Vertical
Select Vertical layout with Touching or Spaced if applicable.
Trefoil
Select Trefoil layout.
Spaced
Select this option if the cables are placed with required spacing between them. Note that this field is hidden if it is
not applicable for the selected installation type.
Touching
Select this option if the cables are placed touching each other in the installation. Note that this field is hidden if it is
Grouping
From this section, you specify installation information related to calculation of cable grouping factors. The fields in
this section are dependent on the installation type and standard selected.
Without Grouping Effect
NEC standards do not allow for grouping effects (that is, the number of rows and columns) of cables. If the check
box is not selected, grouping effects of number of rows and columns will be considered. Note that when this box is Parameters in Grouping Section for IEEE 399 Standard, U/G Raceway
checked, the Rows and Columns fields and the Fire Protection section will be hidden. Grouped cables operate at higher temperatures than isolated cables. To derate the ampacity, the number of rows
and columns of the duct bank must be specified to determine a cable grouping adjustment factor.
With 50% Load Diversity and Without Load Diversity

The cable ampacity adjustment factors are based on 7.5 inches center-to-center spacing. For more details see the
The level of load diversity used in calculating correction factors can be either 50% or none. IEEE Brown Book.

Parameters in Grouping Section for NEC Standard, A/G Conduit

Grouped cables operate at higher temperatures than isolated cables. To derate the cable ampacity, the number of
rows and columns of conduit installed next to each other, as well as the total number of conductors per location (this
conduit), can be specified to determine a cable grouping adjustment factor.
Height
Height of cable tray specified in inches or centimeters
Width
Width of cable tray specified in inches or centimeters
% Fill
The total amount of cable tray cross-sectional area used by cables placed in the tray, including gap between cables.
Where ni is the number of cables in the tray with diameter di and l is the number of different sizes of cables in the
tray.
Depth
Depth of cable mess calculated in inches or centimeters using Height*%Fill/100. If the calculated depth is smaller
than the cable diameter, an * sign will be displayed on the right of Depth and above Derated, and the cable
diameter will be treated as the depth for derating calculation.
Fire Protection for ICEA or NEC Standards, A/G Installation

The fire protection area provides optional libraries from which to choose various fire protection devices. Each of the
three libraries may be selected individually to best describe the fire protection associated with the cable tray. The
fire protection data is used to further derate cables based on the fire protection material specifications selected from
ETAP library. The ampacity correction factors applied for fire protection is based on 10 CFR 50, Appendix R for Fire
Parameters in Grouping Section for ICEA P-54-440 Standard, A/G Trays Wrap, Fire Stop, and Fire Coating.
The following items are displayed only when ICEA is selected.

Thermal Insulation Applied

Check this box if the cable has thermal insulation.
Insulation Length
Enter the length of able thermal insulation in mm.
Back to the top

Fire Coating
The Fire Coating Library provides a selection of configurations. Each configuration has an ampacity correction U/G Duct
factor (ACF) associated with it, which is applied against the base ampacity.
Underground duct banks encased in concrete.
For maintained spacing trays, if the fire retardant coating results in a reduction of the spacing between adjacent Base
cables or groups to less than the required values, the cable shall be considered to be non-maintained spacing. On
the other hand, if remaining space in a randomly filled tray is used up by cable coating and no other cable can be Ta
installed in the tray; credit may be taken for a reduction in cable % fill below nominal value.
Ambient soil temperature in degrees Celsius centimeter per Watt obtained from the library for the base ampacity.
Base ampacity for U/G cables are usually given at 20 degrees Celsius.
Fire retardant coating is not a standard procedure for A/G conduits.
Tc
Fire Stop given at 90 degrees Celsius.
The Fire Stop Library provides a selection of configurations with ampacity correction factors for cables in tray routed
through fire stops. Note: for A/G conduits, there may not be any reason to derate the cable for fire stops since RHO
typical fire stops are constructed with expanded foam depth of 4 inches or less. This is considered to be insufficient The thermal resistivity of the soil in degrees Celsius centimeters per Watt obtained from the library for the base
to cause an increase in cable temperature. ampacity.
Fire Wrap Operating

The Fire Wrap Library provides a selection of configurations. Each fire barrier configuration has an ampacity
correction factor (ACF) associated with it. This ACF must be applied whenever the raceway is wrapped for a length Ta
exceeding 6 feet and whenever the raceway has multiple, wrapped segments whose combined length exceeds 6 Ambient temperature (temperature of the surrounding soil) for actual underground installations in degrees Celsius.
feet and which are spaced less than 10 feet apart.
Tc
Maximum allowable conductor temperature for actual underground installations in degrees Celsius.
Fire Protection for BS 7671 Standard, A/G Installation
This section is about thermal insulation. Refer to Section 523-04, BS 7671 for detailed information. RHO
According to BS 7671, thermal insulation for fire protection may be considered for all installation types, except
Installation Methods 4 and 6. For Installation Method 4 or 6, cables are in conduits which are in thermally insulated
wall or above thermally insulated ceiling, and the effect of thermal insulation is already considered in the current- Grouping
carrying capacity tables.
Grouped cables operate at higher temperatures than isolated cables. To derate the ampacity, the number of rows
IEEE Brown Book.
Back to the top
U/G Buried
Directly buried underground ducts.

Base
Tray
NEC
Ta
If chosen, NEC methods of calculating derating factors for cable trays will be used. NEC does not provide ampacity
derating due to bottom cover or correction of the ampacity multiplying factors due to the cumulative effects of
combinations of tray covers and fireproofing. In general, cable sizes of 2/0 AWG and smaller are installed in cable
trays in a randomly filled manner, with a maximum of two cables high.
Tc
given at 90 degrees Celsius. Base ampacity of randomly filled trays are based on installations at a uniform depth up to the maximum of 30% fill
for 3 or 4-inch tray depths. The method applied here corresponds to a maximum fill condition and does not consider
RHO fill conditions exceeding the nominal depths.
The thermal resistivity of the soil in degrees Celsius centimeters per Watt obtained from the library for the base ICEA
ampacity.
Select this option to choose an ICEA P-54-440 method of calculating derating factors for cable trays. The actual
Operating values of tray depth, width, and % fill entries will be taken into account, which gives more accurate results and is
1
based on the method described in the Stople paper (Paper 70 TP 557-PWR) . However, the Stople method may
Ta 2
provide a smaller ampacity for large cables (for example, 750 mm ) compared to those from ICEA P-54-440.
Ambient temperature (that is, the temperature of the surrounding soil) in degrees Celsius for underground
installations.
Tc standard (40 0C ambient temperature and 90 0C conductor temperature), the resulting ampacity values may be
smaller because the standard used the product of both correction factors as the temperature correction. In ETAP
Maximum allowable conductor temperature is in degrees Celsius. calculations, the ambient temperature and conductor temperature values are used directly in the calculation and,
Grouping
rows and columns of the cable locations must be specified to determine a cable grouping adjustment factor. The In the used method, the following AC resistance equations for temperature corrections are employed:
cable ampacity adjustment factors are based on a 7.5-inch center-to-center spacing. For more details see the IEEE
Brown Book. R’= R(234.5 + Tc) / (234.5 + Tb) Copper Conductors
Back to the top
Where:
A/G Trays R = Resistance at the base temperature Tb

Above ground cable trays. The free air base ampacity from the libraries are used for cables installed in trays. R’= Resistance at the operating temperature Tc
Base Tb = Conductor base temperature in OC

Tc = Conductor temperature limit in OC
Ta
Ambient air temperature in degrees Celsius obtained from the library for the base ampacity. The value is usually
specified at 40 degrees Celsius Top Cover
Tc
Maximum allowable conductor temperature in degrees Celsius obtained from the library. Conductor temperature for Bottom Cover
the base ampacity is typically 90 degrees Celsius.
Select bottom cover if there is a bottom cover on the cable tray, whether it is removable or solid, of more than 6
feet.
Operating
Maintained Spacing
Ta
If cable spacing is maintained within the tray, then the effects of top cover, bottom cover, and fire wrap are ignored.
Ambient air (atmospheric) temperature (that is, the temperature of the air surrounding the area where the tray is For 3-phase cables larger than 2/0 AWG in a single layer, the arrangement requires spacing of 1/4 of overall
installed) is in degrees Celsius. effective diameter of the grouped circuit.
Tc Cumulative Effect
Maximum allowable conductor temperature in degrees Celsius. Conductor temperature for the base ampacity is Cumulative effect applies correction factors for combinations of barriers, fire coatings, and covers on cable trays.
typically 90 degrees Celsius. The following table summarizes the factors ETAP uses:

Fire Fire Fire Wrap Top Bottom PS Uses .

Coating Stop Cover Cover Fire Protection
X X Fire Wrap The fire protection area provides optional libraries from which to choose various fire protection devices. Each of the
X X Smaller three libraries may be selected individually to best describe the fire protection associated with the cable tray. The
X X Smaller ETAP library. The ampacity correction factors applied for fire protection is based on 10 CFR 50, Appendix R for Fire
X X X Top & Bottom Wrap, Fire Stop, and Fire Coating.
X X Wrap
X X Wrap Fire Coating
X X X Wrap The Fire Coating Library provides a selection of configurations. Each configuration has an ampacity correction
factor (ACF) associated with it, which is applied against the base ampacity. For maintained spacing trays, if the fire
retardant coating results in a reduction of the spacing between adjacent cables or groups to less than the required
values, the cable shall be considered to be non-maintained spacing. On the other hand, if remaining space in a
Grouping randomly filled tray is used up by cable coating and no other cable can be installed in the tray; credit may be taken
The following items are displayed only when ICEA is selected. for reduction in cable % fill below nominal value.
Height
Width
% Fill
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
tray. Fire Wrap
Depth correction factor (ACF) associated with it. This ACF must be applied whenever the raceway is wrapped for a length
Depth of cable mess calculated in inches or centimeters using Height*%Fill/100. If the calculated depth is smaller exceeding 6 feet and whenever the raceway has multiple, wrapped segments whose combined length exceeds 6
than the cable diameter, an “*” sign will show up on the right of Depth andabove Derated, and the cable diameter feet and which are spaced less than 10 feet apart.
will be treated as the depth for derating calculation.
Back to the top
A/G Conduit
Above ground cable conduit
Base
Ta
This is the ambient air (atmospheric) temperature is in degrees Celsius obtained from the library.
Tc
This is the maximum allowable conductor temperature is in degrees Celsius obtained from the library.
Operating
Ta
This is the ambient air (atmospheric) temperature is in degrees Celsius. It is the temperature of the air surrounding
the area where the tray is to be installed. The value is usually specified at 40 degrees Celsius.

Tc Fire Stop
This is the maximum allowable conductor temperature is in degrees Celsius. The value is usually specified at 90 The Fire Stop Library provides a selection of configurations with ampacity correction factors for conduits routed
degrees Celsius. through fire stops. Note: there may not be any reason to derate the cable for fire stops since typical fire stops are
constructed with expanded foam depth of 4 inches or less. This is considered to be insufficient to cause an increase
in cable temperature.
Ampacity Adjustment
Fire Wrap
NEC w/o Grouping Effect The Fire Wrap Library provides a selection of configurations. Each fire barrier configuration has an ampacity
correction factor (ACF) associated with it which must be applied whenever the raceway is wrapped for a length
exceeding 6 feet and whenever the raceway has multiple, wrapped segments whose combined length exceeds 6
box is not selected, grouping effects of number of rows and columns will be considered.
NEC w/ 50% Load Diversity & NEC w/o Load Diversity
The level of load diversity used in calculating correction factors can be either 50% or none. Air Drop
Air drop consists of cables suspended without the use of trays or conduits. No cable grouping for air drop cables are
Grouping
considered.
rows and columns of conduit installed next to each other, as well as the total number of conductors per location (this Base
Ta
# of conductors per location = (# of conductors per cable) x (# of cables per location) This is the ambient air (atmospheric) temperature from the library in degrees Celsius.
Number of Conductors Ampacity Correction Factor Tc

50 % Load Diversity This is the maximum allowable conductor temperature is in degrees Celsius obtained from the library.
4 through 6 80 %
Operating
7 through 9 70 %
10 through 24 70 % Ta
This is the ambient air (atmospheric) temperature. The temperature of the air surrounding the area where the tray is
25 through 42 60 % to be installed is in degrees Celsius. Ambient air temperature for the base ampacity is 40 degrees Celsius. For
43 and above 50 % cables in direct sunlight, the air temperature may be increased by a typical value of 15 degrees Celsius.
Operating Tc
Number of Conductors Ampacity Correction Factor This is the maximum allowable conductor temperature is in degrees Celsius. Conductor temperature for the base
No Load Diversity ampacity is 90 degrees Celsius.
4 through 6 80 % Fire Protection
7 through 9 70 % Fire Protection provides optional libraries to choose various fire protection devices. Each of the three libraries may
10 through 20 50 % be selected individually to best describe the fire protection associated with the airdrop cables. The fire protection
data is used to further derate the cable based on the fire protection specifications selected from ETAP library is
21 through 30 45 % based on 10 CFR 50, Appendix R for Fire Wrap, Fire Stop, and Fire Coating.
31 through 40 40 %
Fire Coating
41 through 60 35 %
The Fire Coating Library provides a selection of configurations. Each configuration has an ampacity correction
Fire Protection
Fire Stop
Fire protection provides optional libraries to choose various fire protection method. Each of the three libraries may
The Fire Stop Library provides a selection of configurations with ampacity correction factors for cables routed
be selected individually to best describe the fire protection associated with the conduit. The fire protection data is
through fire stops.
used to further derate the cable ampacities based on the fire protection material specifications selected from ETAP
library. The ampacity correction factors applied for fire protection is based on 10 CFR 50, Appendix R for Fire Wrap,
Fire Wrap
Fire Stop, and Fire Coating.
Fire Coating correction factor (ACF) associated with it. The ACF must be applied whenever the cable is wrapped for a length
The Fire Coating Library provides a selection of configurations from which to choose. Each configuration has an
ampacity correction factor (ACF) associated with it, which is applied against the base ampacity. Fire retardant
coating is not a standard procedure for A/G conduits.

References: - Ampacity Page - Cables

1. J. Stolpe, "Ampacities for Cables in Ramcomly Filled Trays," IEEE Summer Power Meeting and EHV
Conference, LA, Calif., July 12-17, 1970.
Cable Overview
Info Page
Impedance Page
Physical Page
Protection Page
Routing Page
Loading Page
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Static Load Overview
Induction Machine Overview
Synchronous Motor Editor Overview
Capacitor Overview
Motor Operated Valve Overview

IEEE 399


2

O
Installation
NEC
o



Installed Installed
U/G Buried X
A/G Conduit - PVC X
Air Drop X
Temperature/RHO
Duct or U/G Buried.
Base
Sub-Type
Method
Tc


RHO

RHO
ampacity.
Id = F x Ib Tray
FLA / Operating
Base
standard.
Derated

page.
Top Cover



X X Fire Wrap
X X Smaller
X X Smaller
X X X Top & Bottom
X X Wrap
X X Wrap
X X X Wrap
Maintained Spacing
Ampacity Adjustment
Horizontal
Vertical
Trefoil
Spaced
Touching
Grouping



Height
Width
% Fill
tray.
Depth



Insulation Length
Back to the top

Fire Coating
Tc
Fire Wrap Operating

Tc
IEEE Brown Book.
Back to the top
U/G Buried

Base
Tray
NEC
Ta
Tc
ampacity.
1
Ta 2
installations.
Grouping
Back to the top
Where:


Ta
Tc
feet.
Operating
Maintained Spacing
Ta


X X Wrap
Height
Width
% Fill
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
tray. Fire Wrap
Back to the top
A/G Conduit
Base
Ta
Tc
Operating
Ta

Tc Fire Stop
Ampacity Adjustment
Fire Wrap
Grouping
considered.
Ta

4 through 6 80 %
Operating
7 through 9 70 %
Operating Tc
31 through 40 40 %
Fire Coating
41 through 60 35 %
Fire Protection
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
Fire Wrap


Cable Overview
Info Page
Impedance Page
Physical Page
Protection Page
Routing Page
Loading Page
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Capacitor Overview

IEEE 399


2

O
Installation
NEC
o



Installed Installed
U/G Buried X
A/G Conduit - PVC X
Air Drop X
Temperature/RHO
Duct or U/G Buried.
Base
Sub-Type
Method
Tc


RHO

RHO
ampacity.
Id = F x Ib Tray
FLA / Operating
Base
standard.
Derated

page.
Top Cover



X X Fire Wrap
X X Smaller
X X Smaller
X X X Top & Bottom
X X Wrap
X X Wrap
X X X Wrap
Maintained Spacing
Ampacity Adjustment
Horizontal
Vertical
Trefoil
Spaced
Touching
Grouping



Height
Width
% Fill
tray.
Depth



Insulation Length
Back to the top

Fire Coating
Tc
Fire Wrap Operating

Tc
IEEE Brown Book.
Back to the top
U/G Buried

Base
Tray
NEC
Ta
Tc
ampacity.
1
Ta 2
installations.
Grouping
Back to the top
Where:


Ta
Tc
feet.
Operating
Maintained Spacing
Ta


X X Wrap
Height
Width
% Fill
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
tray. Fire Wrap
Back to the top
A/G Conduit
Base
Ta
Tc
Operating
Ta

Tc Fire Stop
Ampacity Adjustment
Fire Wrap
Grouping
considered.
Ta

4 through 6 80 %
Operating
7 through 9 70 %
Operating Tc
31 through 40 40 %
Fire Coating
41 through 60 35 %
Fire Protection
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
Fire Wrap


Cable Overview
Info Page
Impedance Page
Physical Page
Protection Page
Routing Page
Loading Page
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Capacitor Overview

IEEE 399


2

O
Installation
NEC
o



Installed Installed
U/G Buried X
A/G Conduit - PVC X
Air Drop X
Temperature/RHO
Duct or U/G Buried.
Base
Sub-Type
Method
Tc


RHO

RHO
ampacity.
Id = F x Ib Tray
FLA / Operating
Base
standard.
Derated

page.
Top Cover



X X Fire Wrap
X X Smaller
X X Smaller
X X X Top & Bottom
X X Wrap
X X Wrap
X X X Wrap
Maintained Spacing
Ampacity Adjustment
Horizontal
Vertical
Trefoil
Spaced
Touching
Grouping



Height
Width
% Fill
tray.
Depth



Insulation Length
Back to the top

Fire Coating
Tc
Fire Wrap Operating

Tc
IEEE Brown Book.
Back to the top
U/G Buried

Base
Tray
NEC
Ta
Tc
ampacity.
1
Ta 2
installations.
Grouping
Back to the top
Where:


Ta
Tc
feet.
Operating
Maintained Spacing
Ta


X X Wrap
Height
Width
% Fill
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
tray. Fire Wrap
Back to the top
A/G Conduit
Base
Ta
Tc
Operating
Ta

Tc Fire Stop
Ampacity Adjustment
Fire Wrap
Grouping
considered.
Ta

4 through 6 80 %
Operating
7 through 9 70 %
Operating Tc
31 through 40 40 %
Fire Coating
41 through 60 35 %
Fire Protection
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
Fire Wrap


Cable Overview
Info Page
Impedance Page
Physical Page
Protection Page
Routing Page
Loading Page
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Capacitor Overview

IEEE 399


2

O
Installation
NEC
o



Installed Installed
U/G Buried X
A/G Conduit - PVC X
Air Drop X
Temperature/RHO
Duct or U/G Buried.
Base
Sub-Type
Method
Tc


RHO

RHO
ampacity.
Id = F x Ib Tray
FLA / Operating
Base
standard.
Derated

page.
Top Cover



X X Fire Wrap
X X Smaller
X X Smaller
X X X Top & Bottom
X X Wrap
X X Wrap
X X X Wrap
Maintained Spacing
Ampacity Adjustment
Horizontal
Vertical
Trefoil
Spaced
Touching
Grouping



Height
Width
% Fill
tray.
Depth



Insulation Length
Back to the top

Fire Coating
Tc
Fire Wrap Operating

Tc
IEEE Brown Book.
Back to the top
U/G Buried

Base
Tray
NEC
Ta
Tc
ampacity.
1
Ta 2
installations.
Grouping
Back to the top
Where:


Ta
Tc
feet.
Operating
Maintained Spacing
Ta


X X Wrap
Height
Width
% Fill
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
tray. Fire Wrap
Back to the top
A/G Conduit
Base
Ta
Tc
Operating
Ta

Tc Fire Stop
Ampacity Adjustment
Fire Wrap
Grouping
considered.
Ta

4 through 6 80 %
Operating
7 through 9 70 %
Operating Tc
31 through 40 40 %
Fire Coating
41 through 60 35 %
Fire Protection
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
Fire Wrap


Cable Overview
Info Page
Impedance Page
Physical Page
Protection Page
Routing Page
Loading Page
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Capacitor Overview

IEEE 399


2

O
Installation
NEC
o



Installed Installed
U/G Buried X
A/G Conduit - PVC X
Air Drop X
Temperature/RHO
Duct or U/G Buried.
Base
Sub-Type
Method
Tc


RHO

RHO
ampacity.
Id = F x Ib Tray
FLA / Operating
Base
standard.
Derated

page.
Top Cover



X X Fire Wrap
X X Smaller
X X Smaller
X X X Top & Bottom
X X Wrap
X X Wrap
X X X Wrap
Maintained Spacing
Ampacity Adjustment
Horizontal
Vertical
Trefoil
Spaced
Touching
Grouping



Height
Width
% Fill
tray.
Depth



Insulation Length
Back to the top

Fire Coating
Tc
Fire Wrap Operating

Tc
IEEE Brown Book.
Back to the top
U/G Buried

Base
Tray
NEC
Ta
Tc
ampacity.
1
Ta 2
installations.
Grouping
Back to the top
Where:


Ta
Tc
feet.
Operating
Maintained Spacing
Ta


X X Wrap
Height
Width
% Fill
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
tray. Fire Wrap
Back to the top
A/G Conduit
Base
Ta
Tc
Operating
Ta

Tc Fire Stop
Ampacity Adjustment
Fire Wrap
Grouping
considered.
Ta

4 through 6 80 %
Operating
7 through 9 70 %
Operating Tc
31 through 40 40 %
Fire Coating
41 through 60 35 %
Fire Protection
Fire Stop
through fire stops.
Fire Wrap

- Ampacity Page - Cables Page 20 of 20 - Sizing Page Page 1 of 5
References: Sizing Page - Cable Editor

Cable Overview
Info Page
Impedance Page
Physical Page
Protection Page
Routing Page
Loading Page
Sizing Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page
Capacitor Overview
Standard
The Standard field displays the standard selected in the Ampacity page. When the Load Amp requirement is
selected in the Requirements section, the ampacity calculation in cable sizing will be based on the standard
displayed.
Results
Using the selected cable type from the library, ETAP recommends an optimal cable size along with the number
of conductors per phase that meets the specified requirements. Additionally, ETAP provides one cable size
smaller than the optimal size for your selection. For the voltage results, Vd is in percent based on bus nominal
kV and Vst is in percent based on motor rated kV.
Along with the calculation results, this section also displays the required cable sized, ampacity, percent of
voltage drop, and percent of starting voltage if cable sizing options for the corresponding requirements are
checked. The required cable size is the largest size from Short-Circuit, Overload, and Shock requirements. The
requirement ampacity is the larger value from Load Amp and Overload requirements. Note that if the Use MF
for Ampacity option is selected, the Load Amp used for sizing will be multiplied by the MF value displayed in
the Cable Application section.
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- Sizing Page Page 2 of 5 - Sizing Page Page 3 of 5
If the cable is connected with an overload heater, the resistance of the overload heater will be considered in
Requirements Vst calculation as well.
You can select one or both requirements for determining the recommended size of cable. Note that some of
the options are dependent on the installation type and if the cable is an equipment cable for a motor. Base kV for Vst
This field displays the nominal kV of the cable terminal bus.
Load Amp
If Load Amp is selected as one of the requirements, sizing will be conducted to meet the load current short-circuit
requirement based on the cable installation and ambient conditions specified in the Ampacity page. The load Sizing will be based on the cable short-circuit capacity to withstand the short-circuit current magnitude specified
ampere value is displayed here based on the option selected in the Loading Current for Sizing section in the below for the time defined.
Loading page.
Min. Size for Short-Circuit
Voltage Drop (Vd)
The required minimum cable size calculated based on the short-circuit current and duration is displayed in this
If you select Vd, ETAP will size the cable based on the percent voltage drop value you enter here. Voltage drop field.
is in percent of nominal kV of the bus connected to the cable. If the nominal voltages of the From Bus and To
Bus are different, nominal kV of the From Bus is selected. The following table shows the methods used for Short-Circuit kA
calculating the voltage drop for different types of load currents flowing through the cable.
This field displays the Max. Fault kA from the Short-Circuit Current section in the Protection page.
Load Type Calculation Method
Short-Circuit Time (s)
Motors Constant Power
This field displays the Time value from the Protection Device section in the Protection page.
Static Load Constant Impedance
Bus Constant Current
Circuit Breaker Constant Current Oveload
Fuse Constant Current This option is enabled only when BS 7671 is selected as the standard in the Installation section of the Ampacity
Transformer Constant Current page.
Generator Constant Current
MOV Constant Impedance If this box is checked, overload protection will be considered for cable sizing. ETAP calculates the minimum
size required by the overload protection conditions. The cable at the Min. Size for Overload protection must
meet the following two conditions:
If the cable is an equipment cable, the cable voltage drop is calculated based on a fixed bus voltage that is
equal to the bus Initial %V multiplied by the bus nominal kV. The load will be treated as given in the above (i) 1.45 times De-rated Ampacity >= I2
table. The calculated voltage drop is the magnitude difference between bus voltage and load terminal voltage (ii) De-rated Ampacity >= In
values.
where the De-rated Ampacity is that for the cable at the Min Size. In and I2 are the operating and nominal
current of overload protective devices respectively. Please refer to Sections 5 and 6 in Appendix 4 of BS 7671
If the cable is a branch cable connected between two buses, the voltage drop is calculated by multiplying the for detailed information.
cable impedance by the current.
Overload Min. Size
If the cable is connected with an overload heater, the resistance of the overload heater will be considered in Vd This field displays the required minimum cable size for overload protection calculated based on BS 7671.
calculation as well.
Overload kA
Base kV for Vd
This field displays the In current value from the Protective Device section in the Protection page. It is the
This field displays the nominal kV of the cable terminal bus.
nominal current of the protective device.
Starting Voltage (Vst)

Shock Protection
This option is enabled only when the cable is an equivalent cable of a motor, or when the Load Amp is FLA of a
motor. This option is enabled only when BS 7671 is selected as the standard in the Installation section of the Ampacity
page.
If the option of Vst is selected, cable sizing calculation considers the motor starting voltage requirement. At
starting, the motor terminal voltage must be higher than the Vst limit, which is in percent based on motor rated If this box is checked ETAP will consider “protection by earthed equipotential bonding and automatic
voltage. The motor starting voltage is calculated based on a fixed bus voltage that is equal to the bus Initial %V disconnection of supply”. Please refer to Section 413-02 of BS 7671. The minimum required size for Shock
multiplied by the bus nominal kV. The motor is represented by its locked-rotor impedance. protection is displayed. The current causing the automatic operation of the disconnecting device and
corresponding time is displayed also.

- Sizing Page Page 4 of 5 - Sizing Page Page 5 of 5
Cable sizing calculation will select a proper size from the library based on your setting on Loading, Protection,
Min. Size for Shock Protection Ampacity and Sizing pages.
The required minimum cable size calculated based on BS 7671 to meet shock protection requirement is
displayed in this field. Ampacity Requirement
Cable derated ampacity must be great than or equal to loading ampacity specified on the Loading page. If
Maximum Disconnection Time (s) Overload requirement is checked, ampacity requirement is calculated based on Section 6 of Appendix 4, BS
Displayed in this field is the maximum disconnection time in second under an earth fault according to BS 7671. 7671.
Note that this value is dependent circuit voltage level and system grounding types.
Overload Requirement
Cable Application ETAP determines a minimum cable size based on the nominal current and operating current of overload
protection devices of the cable. The minimum size cable must meet the following two conditions:
This section is enabled when the Standard selected in the Installation section of the Ampacity page is not BS
7671. It allows the user to specify cable application type for cable ampacity and voltagedrop calculation. (i) 1.45 times De-rated Ampacity >= I2
(ii) De-rated Ampacity >= In
where the De-rated Ampacity is that for the minimum size cable and In and I2 are the operating and nominal
current of the protective device respectively. In and I2 are entered on Protection page. Please refer to Sections
5 and 6 in Appendix 4 of BS 7671 for detailed information on Overload Requirement.
Vd Max Requirement
Voltage drop (Vd) calculation reads impedance z from tables 4D1B to 4L4B of Appendix 4. Voltage drop in kV
is calculated as:
Vd = L x I x Ct x z/1000
Where:
L – Cable length in meter,
MF
I – Cable loading current in Amp,
This Multiplication Factor (MF) is determined by the application type selected from the drop-down list provided.
You can modify the values of Application MF by selecting Project, Settings, and Cable Ampacity MF from the Ct – Temperature correction factor:
Menu Bar. This Application MF is used to calculate the required cable ampacity (MF times operating or full load z - Cable impedance value from Tables 4D1B to 4L4B of Appendix 4, BS 7671
current).
Please refer to Section 7.1 of BS 7671 Appendix 4 for C calculation. Note that in this ETAP release C is
Use MF for Ampacity t t
applied for all size of cables.
If you select this option, the cable load current will be multiplied by the Multiplying Factor (MF) displayed in the
MF field.
Options Cable Overview

Info Page
Use Motor Service Factor (SF) (Motor Equipment Cables Only) Impedance Page
If you select this option, the cable load current will be multiplied by the motor Service Factor (SF) as specified Physical Page
for the motor in the Nameplate page. Protection Page
Routing Page
Use Load Growth Factor (GF) Loading Page
If you select this option, the cable load current will be multiplied by the Growth Factor as specified for this cable Ampacity Page
in the Operating Load / Current section of the Loading page. Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Cable Library Selection Comment Page
Use Available Cable Sizes Only

Use only cable sizes which are flagged as Available in the Cable Library for the specified cable type (cable
library header).
Use All Cable Sizes From Library

Use all cable sizes, which exist, in the cable library for the specified cable type (cable library header).
Cable Sizing Algorithn for BS 7671

Reliability Page Page 1 of 2 Reliability Page Page 2 of 2
Reliability Page Per

Select the length unit for failure rate length unit from the list box. The units of length available are: feet, miles,
meters, and kilometers.
MTTR
Use this field to enter the Mean Time To Repair in hours. It is the expected time for a crew to repair a
component outage and/or restore the system to its normal operating state.

Calculate and display the mean repair rate in number of repairs per year, calculated automatically based on
MTTR ( = 8760/MTTR) in Repair/yr.
MTTF
Calculate and display the Mean Time To Failure in years calculated automatically based on  and  of
A P
(MTTF = 1.0/( + ) in yr for unit length automatically).
A P
FOR
Calculate and display the Forced Outage Rate (i.e., unavailability), calculated based on MTTR,  and 
A P
(FOR = MTTR/(MTTR+8760/( + )) for unit length automatically.
A P
Replacement
Available
Check this box to enable r .
P
r
P
This is the replacement time in hours by for replacing a failed element by a spare one.
Alternative Supply
Switching Time
This is the time in hours for switching to an alternative supply after the device failure.
Library
Reliability Parameters Click the Library button to bring up the Library Quick Pick Editor for reliability data.
A Cable Overview
This is the active failure rate in number of failures per year per unit length. The active failure rate is associated Info Page
with the component failure mode that causes the operation of the primary protection zone around the failed Impedance Page
component and can therefore cause the removal of the other healthy components and branches from service,
Physical Page
after the actively failed component is isolated, and the protection breakers are reclosed. This leads to service
being restored to some or all of the load points. It should be noted, however, that the failed component itself Routing Page
(and those components that are directly connected to this failed component) could be restored to service only Loading Page
after repair or replacement. Ampacity Page
Sizing Page
 Remarks Page
P
This is Enter the passive failure rate in number of failures per year f/yr per unit length. The passive failure rate Comment Page
is associated with the component failure mode that does not cause the operation of protection breakers and
therefore does not have an impact on the remaining healthy components. Repairing or replacing the failed
component will restores service. Examples of passive failures include opening circuits and inadvertent opening
of breakers.
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- Remarks Page Page 1 of 2 - Remarks Page Page 2 of 2
Remarks Page UD Field A5

The remarks page is common to all element editors. This is an alphanumeric field with the default name UD Field A5. You can change the name of this field and
enter any additional data for this element here, using up to 12 alphanumeric characters.
UD Field A6
This is an alphanumeric field with the default name UD Field A6. You can change the name of this field and
UD Field A7
This is an alphanumeric field with the default name UD Field A7. You can change the name of this field and
Drawing/Diagram
One-Line
Enter the name or ID of a one-line drawing or diagram associated with this element, up to 50 alphanumeric
characters. An example is the manufacturer diagram or specifications for this element.
Reference
Enter the name or ID of a reference drawing or document for this element, using up to 50 alphanumeric
characters.
Manufacturer
Name
Enter the manufacturername for this element here, using up to 25 alphanumeric characters.
Purchase Date
Enter the date of purchase for this element here, using up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
AC Elements
AC-DC Elements
DC Elements
Underground Raceway System Elements
User-Defined Info
These fields allow you to keep track of extra data associated with this component. The names of the User-
Defined (UD) fields can be changed from the Settings option in the Project menu in the Menu bar.
UD Field 1 (Eq. Ref.)

This is a number field with the default name Eq. Ref. You can change the name of this field and enter the
equipment reference number or any other number here, using up to five digits.
UD Field 2 (Last Maint.)

This is an alphanumeric field with the default name Last Maint. You can change the name of this field and enter
any additional data for this element here, using up to 12 alphanumeric characters.
UD Field 3 (Next Maint.)

This is an alphanumeric field with the default name Next Maint. You can change the name of this field and
UD Field 4 (Tests Req.)

This is an alphanumeric field with the default name Tests Req. You can change the name of this field and enter
any additional data for this element here, using up to 12 alphanumeric characters.
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- Comment Page Page 1 of 1
Comment Page
Enter any additional data or comments regarding the condition, maintenance, tests, or studies associated with
this element. This field can be up to 64kb and the default size is 4kb. To increase the size of this field, you
need to change the entries in the ETAPS.INI file.
When entering information in this page, use Ctrl+Enter to start a new paragraph. Standard key combinations
such as Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, and Ctrl+V can be used to cut, copy, and paste information.
Element Editor Overview

AC Elements
AC-DC Elements
DC Elements
Underground Raceway System Elements
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Cable Editor Overview Guide in 40 Characters

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Cable Editor Overview Guide in 40 Characters

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Cable Editor Overview Page 1 of 2 Cable Editor Overview Page 2 of 2

Cable Editor Overview

4. Compound Cable represents a cable that is included

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Defines the cable as a single-phase cable.

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Minimum & Maximum Temperature

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Sheath/Shield End Connection

None NeoPrene RHH THW

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Protection Page - Cable Editor

For a new cable, Plot I2t option is unavailable, as shown below.

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Reference kV Protective Grounding Z

Short-Circuit Current (Sym. rms)

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Operating Load / Current

Growth Factor (GF)

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Load Factor Time Unit

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Calculation Methods and Standards

Fta = Derating factor for ambient temperature

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Sheath and Jacket Layer

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Note: Magnetic/Non-magnetic Installation

Cable Library Header

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Fm = Derating factor for A/G tray maintained spacing

ETAP provides options for selecting the maximum allowable current:

Note: Overall Derating Factor (F)

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Cumulative Effect Layout

Fire Fire Fire Wrap Top Bottom PS Uses…

With 50% Load Diversity and Without Load Diversity

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Parameters in Grouping Section for NEC Standard, A/G Conduit

Fire Protection for ICEA or NEC Standards, A/G Installation

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Thermal Insulation Applied

Back to the top

Fire Wrap Operating

Back to the top

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A/G Trays R = Resistance at the base temperature Tb

Base Tb = Conductor base temperature in OC

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Fire Fire Fire Wrap Top Bottom PS Uses .

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Number of Conductors Ampacity Correction Factor Tc

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References: - Ampacity Page - Cables

Calculation Methods and Standards

Fta = Derating factor for ambient temperature

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Sheath and Jacket Layer

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Note: Magnetic/Non-magnetic Installation