The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (Latin: Ordo Equestris Sancti Sepulcri
Equestrian Order of the
Hierosolymitani, OESSH), also called Order of the Holy Sepulchre or Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, is a
Holy Sepulchre of
Roman Catholic order of knighthood under the protection of the Holy See. The pope is sovereign of the order.
Jerusalem
Founded as Milites Sancti Sepulcri attached to the Augustinian Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre in
Jerusalem, recognised in 1113 by Papal bull of Pope Paschal II and of Pope Calistus II in 1122.[1] It traces its Ordo Equestris Sancti Sepulcri
roots to circa 1099 under the Frankish Duke Godfrey of Bouillon, Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, "Defender of Hierosolymitani
the Holy Sepulchre", one of the leaders of the First Crusade and first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.[2] It
is an internationally recognised order of knighthood.
Besides the Canons Regular (the Fratres), early members included secular canons (Confratres or Sergentes),
Milites Sancti Sepulcri, armed knights of valour and dedication chosen from the crusader troops. Together
they vowed to obey the Augustinian Rule of poverty and obedience, and undertook specifically to defend the
Holy Sepulchre and the holy places under the command of the King of Jerusalem. Still today, the order
bestows Canons as well as Knights, with the primary mission to "support the Christian presence in the Holy
Land".[2] Abbreviation OESSH
Motto "Deus Lo Vult"
With the fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalemby Jerusalem in 1187 and Acre in 1291, the prerogative to adoube
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre was transferred to the Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land, the highest Formation c. 1099
Catholic authority in the Holy Land during the Middle Ages. In 1496, Pope Alexander VI vested the Grand Founder Godfrey of Bouillon
Magistry in the Papacy. In 1847, the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem was restored by Pope Pius IX and the Founded at Church of the Holy
chivalric order was reorganised based on legal and spiritual ties to the Holy See. From 1949, Grand Masters Sepulchre
have been Cardinals. It is the only order of chivalry, together with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, that
Type Order of chivalry
is recognised and protected by the Holy See.
Purpose Support the
The order today is estimated to have some 30,000 knights and dames in 60 Lieutenancies around the world, Christian presence
including monarchs, heads of state, and their consorts.[3][4] The current Cardinal Grand Master is Edwin in the Holy Land
Frederick O'Brien since 2011, and the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem is Grand Prior. Its headquarters are Headquarters Palazzo Della
situated at Palazzo Della Rovere and its official church in Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo, both in Rome, close to Rovere
the Vatican City.[5]
Location Vatican City
Membership 30,000 (est.)
Grand Master Edwin O'Brien
Contents Grand Prior Latin Patriarchate
Name of Jerusalem (sede
History vacante)
Background Pro-Grand Pierbattista
Crusades Prior Pizzaballa
Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1291)
Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land (1291–1489) Parent Holy See
Franciscan Grand Magistry organization
Papal Grand Magistry (1496–1847) Affiliations Kingdom of
Restoration of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem (1847) Jerusalem
Protection of the Holy See (from 1945) Custody of the Holy
Organisation Land
Purpose and activities Patriarchate of
International support Jerusalem
Grand Masters and Grand Magisterium
Website www.oessh.va
Headquarters
Formerly Milites Sancti
Insignia
called Sepulcri
Heraldry
Vestments Canons Regular of
Membership the Holy Sepulchre
Ranks Sacred and Military
Canons Order of the Holy
Saints and beatified members Sepulchre
Medals, awards and distinctions
Gallery
See also
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
External links
Name
The name of the Knights and Order varied over the centuries, including the Milites Sancti Sepulcri and the
Sacred and Military Order of the Holy Sepulchre. The current name was determined on 27 July 1931 as the
Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (with of Jerusalem as honorary suffix) by decree of the
Sacred Congregation of Ceremonies of the Holy See. The term Equestrian in this context is consistent with
its use for orders of knighthood of the Holy See, referring to the chivalric and knightly nature of order—by
sovereign prerogative conferring knighthood on recipients—derived from the Equestrians (Latin: Equites), a
social class in Ancient Rome. The Order of the Holy Sepulchre
traces its roots to circa 1099 under
the Frankish Knight Duke Godfrey of
History Bouillon (1060–1100), "Advocate of
the Holy Sepulchre" (Latin:
The history of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem runs common and parallel to that of "Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri"), leader
the religious Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre, the order continuing after the Canons Regular of the of the First Crusade and first ruler of
Holy Sepulchre ceased to exist at the end of the 15th century (except for their female counterpart, the the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Fresco by
Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre). Giacomo Jaquerio in Saluzzo,
northern Italy (circa 1420).
Background
Pilgrimages to the Holy Land were a common, if hazardous, practice from shortly after the crucifixion of
Jesus to throughout the Middle Ages. Numerous detailed commentaries have survived as evidence of this
early Christian devotion. While there were many places the pious visited during their travels, the one most
cherished was the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, first constructed by Constantine the Great in the 4th century
AD.
During the era of the Islamic expansion, Emperor Charlemagne (c 742–814) sent two embassies to the Caliph
of Baghdad, asking Frankish protectorate over the Holy Land. An epic chanson de geste recounts his
legendary adventures in theMediterranean and pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
By virtue of its defining characteristic of subinfeudation, in feudalism it was common practice for Knights
Commanders to confer knighthoods upon their finest soldiers, who in turn had the right to confer knighthood
Jerusalem cross of the Order of the
on others upon attaining command.[6] Tradition maintains that long before the Crusades, a form of
Holy Sepulchre
knighthood was bestowed upon worthy men at theChurch of the Holy Sepulchre. In any case, during the 11th
century, prior to the Crusades, "milites sancti Petri" were established to protect Christians and Christian
premises in the Occident.
Persecution of Christians in the Holy Land intensified. Relations with the world's Christian rulers was further strained when Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
[7]
ordered the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in 1009.
The noted Italian historianFrancesco Galeani Napionerelates the Turco family from Asti, Italy, to the birth of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, affirming that
[8]
Gherardo Turco, Signore of Tonco, was among the founders of the order in 1084.
Crusades
The crusades coincided with a renewed concern in Europe for the holy places, with the Church of the Holy Sepulchre as one of the most important places.
According to an undocumented tradition,Girolamo Gabrielli of the Italian Gabrielli family, who was the leader of 1000 knights from Gubbio, Umbria, during
the First Crusade, was the first crusader to enter the Church of the Holy Sepulchre after Jerusalem was seized in 1099.
Between c. 1119–c. 1125, Gerard (Latin: Girardus), the Prior of the Holy Sepulchre, along with Warmund,
Patriarch of Jerusalem, wrote an important letter to Diego Gelmírez, Archbiship of Santiago de Compostela Church of the Holy Sepulchre(1885).
citing crop failures and being threatened by their enemies; they requested food, money, and military aid in Other than some restoration work, its
appearance has essentially not
order to maintain the Kingdom of Jerusalem.[13] Gerard consequently participated among others in the
changed since 1854. TheImmovable
Council of Nablus, 16 January 1120. In it, Canons 20–21 deal with clerics. Canon 20 says a cleric should not
Ladder, the small ladder below the
be held guilty if he takes up arms in self-defense, but he cannot take up arms for any other reason nor can he top-right window, is also visible in
act like a knight. This was an important concern for the crusader states; clerics were generally forbidden from recent photographs; this has
participating in warfare in European law, but the Crusaders needed all the manpower they could find, and remained in the same position since
only one year before, Antioch had been defended by the Latin Patriarch of Antioch following the Battle of 1854 over a disagreement to move it.
Ager Sanguinis, one of the calamities referred to in the introduction to the canons. Canon 21 says that monk
a
or canon regular who apostatizes should either
return to his order or go into exile.
The Vida (text in red) of the medieval In total, as a result of these military needs, five
troubadours Tomier and Palaizi, who major chivalric orders were formed in the Kingdom of Jerusalem between the late 11th century and the early
exclusively advocated defence of the 12th century: the Knights Hospitaller (Order of Saint John) (circa 1099), the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Holy Sepulchre. Consequently—in (circa 1099), the Knights Templar (circa 1118), the Knights of Saint Lazarus (1123), and the Knights of the
contrast to Lanfranc Cigala—
Hospital of Saint Mary of Jerusalem T
( eutonic Knights) (1190).
criticising the Albigensian Crusades
as distractions, even to the point of Today,
resulting in marks of heresy.
the Order of Knights Templar no longer exists(other than its successor in Portugal – the
Portuguese Order of Christ),
the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarusis recognised as the successor to the medieval Order of Saint Lazarus,
the successor to the Teutonic Order is a purely religious order of the Catholic Church,
but both the Order of Malta and the Order of the Holy Sepulchre continue as chivalric orders recognised by theHoly See.
The Pactum Warmundi, establishing 1123 an alliance of the Kingdom of Jerusalem with the Republic of Venice, was later signed by Patriarch Warmund and
Gerard, Prior of the Holy Sepulchre, along with Ehremar, Archbishop of Caesarea; Bernard, Bishop of Nazareth; Aschetinus, Bishop of Bethlehem; Roger,
Bishop of Lydda; Guildin, Abbot of St. Mary of Josaphat; and Aicard, Prior of the Templum Domini; Arnold, Prior of Mount Sion; William Buris; and the
Chancellor, Pagan. Aside from William and Pagan, no secular authorities witnessed the treaty, perhaps indicating that the allied Venetians considered
Jerusalem a Papal fief.
Meanwhile, beyond the Holy Land, in Spain, during the Reconquista, military orders built their own monasteries which also served as a fortresses of defense,
though otherwise the houses followed monastic premises. A typical example of this type of monastery is the Calatrava la Nueva, headquarters of the Order of
Calatrava, founded by the Abbot of Fitero, Raymond, at the behest of KingSancho III of Castile, to protect the area restored to theIslamic rulers. Other orders
as, such as the Order of Santiago, Knight Templars and the Holy Sepulchre devoted much of their efforts to protect and care for pilgrims on the Camino de
Santiago. Furthermore, at the Siege of Bayonne in October 1131, three years before his death, King Alfonso I of Aragon, having no direct heir, bequeathed a
will leaving his kingdom to three autonomous religious orders based in the Holy Land and politically largely independent—the Knights Templars, the Knights
Hospitallers and the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre—whose influences might have been expected to cancel one another out. The will has greatly puzzled
historians, who have read it as a bizarre gesture of extreme piety uncharacteristic of Alfonso's character, one that effectively undid his life's work. Elena
Lourie (1975) suggested instead that it was Alfonso's attempt to neutralize the papacy's interest in a disputed succession—Aragon had been a fief of the
Papacy since 1068—and to fend off Urraca's son from her first marriage, Alfonso VII of Castile, for the Papacy would be bound to press the terms of such a
pious testament.[14]
In 15 July 1149 in the Holy Land, theChurch of the Holy Sepulchrein Jerusalem was consecrated after reconstruction.
Crusade vows meant that even if a person wasn't able to make the journey to Holy Sepulchre himself,
sometimes his cloak was taken there, as was the case with King Henry the Young of England (1155–1183).
Robert the Bruce and James Douglas, Lord of Douglas even asked to have their hearts taken to the Holy
Sepulchre after death.
I will that as soone as I am trespassed out of this worlde that ye take my harte owte of my
body, and embawme it, and take of my treasoure as ye shall thynke sufficient for that
enterprise, both for your selfe and suche company as ye wyll take with you, and present my
The Aedicule inside the church,
hart to the holy Sepulchre where as our Lorde laye, seyng my body can nat come there.
alleged enclosing of the tomb of
Jesus Christ.
— Robert the Bruce[15]
Besides pilgrimages and the creation of knights, even coronations took place at the Holy Sepulchre. Shortly
before his death in 1185, Baldwin IV ordered a formal crown-wearing by his nephew at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. It was Baldwin IV himself — a tall
man — who carried the child Baldwin V on his shoulder at the ceremony, signifying the support of Isabella's family for her nephew. Soon after, the eight-
year-old boy became sole king.
The official arrival of the Franciscan Friars Minor in Syria dates from the papal bull addressed by Pope Gregory IX to the clergy of the Holy Land in 1230,
charging them to welcome the Friars Minor, and to allow them to preach to the faithful and hold oratories and cemeteries of their own. In the ten years' truce
of 1229 concluded between Frederick II of Sicily and the Sultan Al-Kamil, the Franciscans were permitted to enter Jerusalem, but they were also the first
victims of the violent invasion of theKhwarezmians in 1244.
The friars quickly resumed possession of their convent of Mount Sion at Jerusalem. The Turks tolerated the
veneration paid to the tomb of Christ and derived revenue from the taxes levied upon pilgrims. In 1342, in his
Bull Gratiam agimus, Pope Clement VI officially committed the care of the Holy Land to the Franciscans;
only the restoration of aLatin Patriarchate of Jerusalemby Pius IX in 1847 superseded the Franciscans.
Contemporary Franciscan monks
With the emergance of the code of conduct of chivalry during the Middle Ages, conferring of knighthoods during the procession on the Calvary
pursued also at the Holy Sepulchre. From the period 1291 to 1847, the Franciscan Custodian of Mount Sion in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
(2006).
was the only authority representing theHoly See in the Holy Land.[16]
Documentated from 1335, the Franciscan Custody was enrolling applicants among the lay order of the
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre in ceremonies frequently mentioned in the itineraries of pilgrims. Those pilgrims deemed worthy of the honour were received
into the order with a solemn ceremony of ancient chivalry. However, in the ceremonial of reception, at the time, the role of the clergy was limited to the
benedictio militis, the dubbing with the sword being reserved to a professional knight, since the carrying of the sword was incompatible with the sacerdotal
character, reserved to previous knights.
Post misam feci duos milites nobiles supra selpulchram After mass, I made two [of my companions] noble knights of the
gladios accingendo et alia observando, quae in Sepulchre by encircling swords and others observing, who were
professione militaris ordinis fieri consueverunt. proudly inured into theprofession of military order.[17]
It was since then also that the superior of the convent assumed the title of Grand Master, a title which has been acknowledged by various pontifical diplomas,
and finally by a Papal Bull in 1746 by Pope Benedict XIV.
Despite an attempt in 1489 byPope Innocent VIII to a merge with the Knights Hospitaller, along with other suppressed organisations, the Knights of the Holy
Sepulchre persisted. While some of the property of the order in Italy was transferred to the newly established Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem, the attempt,
however, proved a failure.[21] The Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem was suppressed almost as soon as it was founded and those orders whose goods the Pope
had transmitted to it were re-established.[22][23]
The accolades continued: Enno I, Count of East Frisia and Edzard I, Count of East Frisia (1489), followed by Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (1493), who
was also recipient of the Papal honour of the Golden Rose, together with Christoph the Strong, Duke of Bavaria,[24] followed by Frederick II of Legnica
(1507),[25] and others.
The Franciscan province of the Holy Land continued to exist, with Acre as its seat. In the territory of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, reinstituted in 1847,
[26]
the Franciscans still have 24 convents, and 15 parishes.
The prerogative of dubbing Knights of the Holy Sepulchre was repeatedly confirmed by the Holy See; by Pope Leo X on 4 May 1515, by Pope Clement VII
in 1527 and by Pope Pius IV on 1 August 1561.
Legitimise bastards
Change a name given in baptism
Pardon prisoners they might meet on the way to thescaffold
Possess goods belonging to the Church even though they werelaymen
Be exempt from taxes
Cut a man down from thegallows and to order him to be given a Christian burial
Wear brocaded silk garments
Enter a Church on horseback
Fight against the infidel
In France, King Henry IV of France purchased its French possessions and incorporated them into his newly
established Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, formally established by Pope Paul V through the Bull
Romanus Pontificus 16 February 1608 and expanded through Militantium ordinum, dated 26 February 1608,
along with possessions of other orders which apparently were all deemed extinct and abolished, indicating
declined regional activity.[28]
Nonetheless, the dubbing and the privileges enjoyed continued confirmation by Pope Alexander VII on 3
August 1665, by Pope Benedict XIII on 3 March 1727,[29] and by Pope Benedict XIV (1675–1758), who
approved all but the last of the privileges of the order, and also stated that it should enjoy precedence over all
orders except the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre dubbed during this era include Hieronymus von Dorne (circa 1634) and
François-René de Chateaubriand(1806).
Regional activities include participation in localprocessions and religious ceremonies, such as during theHoly Week.
In France, the French Revolution meant a ban on conserving relics and all other sacred symbols linked to the Kings, though this allowed for pieces judged to
be of high artistic quality to be saved. These relics were handed over to the Archbishop of Paris in 1804 and are still held in the cathedral treasury of Notre
Dame de Paris, cared for by the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre and the cathedral chapter. The first Friday of every month at 3 P.M., guarded by the Knights,
the Relics of Sainte-Chapelle are exposed for veneration and adoration by the faithful before the cathedral's high altar.[30] Every Good Friday, this adoration
lasts all day, punctuated by the liturgical offices. An exhibition entitledLe trésor de la Sainte-Chapellewas put on at the Louvre in 2001.
International support
Slovakia: The Order was a significant donor of restoration of theStatue of St. John of
Nepomuk in Divina, realised out under auspices of the Embassy of theFederal Republic of
Germany in Slovakia (2017).[31][32] The Emeritus Pope Benedict XVI. include for all those who
took part in restoration of the statue ofSt. John of Nepomuk.[32]
Headquarters
Its headquarters is situated at Palazzo Della Rovere and its official church in Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo, both
in Rome.[5]
The church and monastery of Saint Onofrio, and the Palazzo Della Rovere—the 15th-century palace of Pope
Julius II, immediately adjacent to the Vatican on the Via della Conciliazione—were both given to the order
by Pope Pius XII.
In 1307, after the suppression of the Knights Templars, the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre, whose
main priory was at San Luca, acquired the complex of San Manno. Curiously, Francesco della Rovere, the
future Pope Sixtus IV, was Arch-Prior there 1460–1471.[36]
Insignia
Cardinal Edwin Frederick O'Brien,
Heraldry Grand Master of the Order of the
Holy Sepulchre since 2011, during a
By ancient tradition, the order uses the arms attributed to the Kingdom of Jerusalem—a gold Jerusalem Cross
pilgrimage in Rome (2013).
on a silver/white background—but enamelled with red, the colour of blood, to signify the five wounds of
Christ.[37] The Jerusalem (or quintuple) Cross, or Cross of Godfrey of Bouillon, is a Cross Potent (each
cross-piece having at the extremity a 'crutch-like' cross-bar) with four small crosses in the four angles. This
prior use of this symbol was clearly documented in the 1573 Constitution of the Order
.
Above the shield of the Armorial Bearings is a sovereign's gold helmet upon which are a crown of thorns and
a terrestrial globe surmounted by a cross, flanked by two white standards bearing a red Jerusalem Cross. The
supporters are two angels wearing dalmatic tunics of red, the one on the dexter bearing a Crusader flag, and
the one on the sinister bearing a pilgrim's staff and shell: representing the military/crusading and pilgrim
natures of the order.
The motto is "Deus lo Vult" (translation: "God Wills It"). The Seal of the order is in the shape of an almond The Palazzo Della Rovere, the
and portrays, within a frame of a crown of thorns, a representation of Christ Rising from the Sepulchre. order's international headquarters
where its Grand Magisterium is
The Order of the Holy Sepulchre and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta are the only two institutions situated.
whose insignia may be displayed in a clericalcoat of arms.
Heraldic representation in coat of arms of members of the order
Cardinal Grand
Patriarch Grand Prior Knights or Ladies/ Noble (with title) Lay Coat of arms of the
Master
and Assessor Dames of the Collar, members Kingdom of Jerusalem.
The arms are
The arms of the order are Lieutenants, Grand The arms are placed on
quartered with
borne in chief Magisterium, and Grand the cross of the order (not
those of the order.
Priors transmissible)
The arms are impaled
with the arms of the order
to the dexter
Vestments
The order has a predominantly white-coloured levée dress court uniform, and a more modern, military-style uniform, both
of which are now only occasionally used in some jurisdictions. Pope Pius X ordained that usual modern choir (i.e. church)
dress of knights be the order's cape or mantle: a "white cloak with the cross of Jerusalem in red", as worn by the original Red Jerusalem cross.
knights.[38] Female members wear a black cape with a red Jerusalem cross bordered with gold.
The choir vestments of Canons of the Holy Sepulchre include a black cassock with magenta piping, magenta fascia, and a
white mozetta with the red Jerusalem cross.
Membership
The order today is estimated to have some 30,000 knights and dames in 60 Lieutenancies around the world, including
Monarchs, Crown Princes and their consorts and Heads of State from countries such as Spain, Belgium, Monaco, Full armorial bearings.
Luxembourg and Liechtenstein.[3][4]
Membership of the order is by invitation only, to practicing Catholic men and women—laity and clergy—of
good character, minimum 25 years of age,[4] who have distinguished themselves for concern of the Christians
of the Holy Land. Aspirant members must be recommended by their local bishop with the support of several
members of the order, and are required to make a generous donation as a "passage fee", echoing the ancient
practice of crusaders paying their passage to the Holy Land, as well as an annual financial offering for works
undertaken in the Holy Land, particularly in the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, throughout their life. There
is a provision for the Grand Master to admit members by motu proprio in exceptional circumstances and also
.[39]
for the officers of the Grand Magistery to occasionally recommend candidates to the Grand Master
The honour of knighthood and any subsequent promotions are conferred by the Holy See through diploma
sealed and signed by the Assessor for General Affairs of the Secretariat of State in Rome as well as the
Cardinal Grand Master, which approves each person, in the name of and by the authority of the Pope. The
candidate is subsequently knighted or promoted in a solemn ceremony with a Cardinal or major prelate Members and regalia during a
presiding. ceremony of investiture in Fulda,
Germany, in 2009.
Knights and Dames of the order may not join, or attend the events of, any other order that is not recognised
by the Holy See or by a sovereign state, and must renounce any membership in such organisations before
being appointed a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre. Knights and Dames may be expelled from the order in circumstances where they breach rules
its of conduct.
Ranks
There are several grades of knighthood. These are open to both men and women. While laity may be promoted to any rank, the ranks of the clergy are usually
as follows: Cardinals are generally KnightsGrand Cross, Bishops are Commanders with Star, and priests and deacons start with the rank of Knight but may be
promoted to Commander.
Female members may wear chest ribbons rather than neck crosses, and the military trophies in insignia and heraldic additaments are replaced by bows.
Franz, Duke of Bavaria, overseeing
an investiture among male and
female members of the Order of the
Holy Sepulchre in Munich, Bavaria,
Germany.
Heraldry (Knights)
(NB in the above depictions, the cross behind the shield should only be borne by Archbishops, Bishops, Prelates and those with a
recognised noble title; a privilege with is non-transferable and non-heritable.)
Ribbons by rank
Knight or Dame/ Lady Knight or Dame/ Lady Knight or Dame/ Lady Knight or Dame/ Lady Grand Knight or Dame/ Lady of the
Commander Commander with Star Cross Collar
Below are shown the official titles of the ranks inEnglish[40] (Italian, French, German, Spanish):[41]
Canons
In accordance with the origins of the Order, and considered more consistent with ordained ministry than the military title of Knight, invested clergy are ipso
facto Titular Canons of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre (however, the late Grand Master John Cardinal Foley argued that this would be better applied to
clergy with the rank of Commander).[42] Additionally, deacons, priests and bishops may also receive the distinguished honorary title of Canon of the Holy
Sepulchre personally by the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.[43] Both Titular Canons of the Holy Sepulchre (EOHSJ) and Honorary Canons of the Holy
Sepulchre of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem are entitled to identical insignia, i.e. white mozetta with red Jerusalem cross and choir dress including the
black cassock with magenta piping and magentafascia.[44]
Pilgrim Shell Palm of Jerusalem of Bronze Palm of Jerusalem of Silver Palm of Jerusalem of Gold
Decorations of Merit
Cross of Merit Cross of Merit with Silver Star Cross of Merit with Gold Star
Gallery
Entrance of the Church of the Flag of the Order of the The convent of Sant'Onofrio al The Arab-Norman Chiesa
Holy Sepulchre. Holy Sepulchre over the Gianicolo contains the official church di San Cataldo, local
Palazzo della Rovere. of the order. church to the order in
Palermo, Sicily, since
1937.
Notre Dame de Paris in Investiture in Dresden, Inside Dresden Cathedral, 9 Procession in honour of Pope Pius XII
France, where the Relics of Germany, in 2010. October 2010. Saint Liborius of Le Mans seated in the
Sainte-Chapelle are exposed with Knights of the Holy Sedia
by the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre together with Gestatoria in
Sepulchre.. Teutonic Knights in 1939.
Paderborn, Germany.
An 1846 picture of
Pope Pius IX soon
after his election
to the papacy.
See also
Christianity in the Middle East
Palestinian Christians
Roman Catholicism in Israel
Roman Catholicism in the Palestinian territories
References
Citations
1. "Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem – Index, History"(http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/oessh/e
n/subindex_en.html). Retrieved 2009-01-04.
2. "History - Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem"(http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/oessh/en/cenni
_storici_en.html).
3. "Order of the Holy Sepulchre. Homepage of the Grand Maigisterium. About us"
(http://www.oessh.va/content/ordineequestresantosepolcro/
en/chi-siamo.html). www.oessh.va. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
4. oessh.no
5. "Official website page 1" (http://www.order-of-the-holy-sepulchre.org/hist1.html).
6. Gautier, Léon, translated from French by Henry Frith (1891). Chivalry. Glasglow: G. Routledge and Sons. p. 223."Every knight has the
power to create knights"
7. Lev (1995), pp. 203, 205–208
8. Araldica Astigiana|Turco (http://www.comune.asti.it/cultura/stemmi/.shtml)
9. "Histoire du monde.net"(http://www.histoiredumonde.net/Les-debuts-de-l-ordre-du-Temple.html).
10. History of the order form the Western Australia Lieutenancy website(http://www.eohsjwa.org.au/?page_id=91)
11. "Origins" (http://www.khs.org.uk/index.php/origins).
12. Alain Demurger, The Knights Templar, a Christian chivalry in the Middle Ages, Paris, Seuil, coll. "Points History"2008(1 st ed. 2005),
pocket, 664 p. 26 (ISBN 978-2-7578-1122-1)
13. Malcolm Barber, A. K. Bate, Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims and Settlers in the 12th–13th Centuries
(Farnham, Surrey, England;
Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010), p. 43
14. Pope Innocent II indeed did write Alfonso VII to just this effect, 10 June 1135 or 36 (Lourie 1995:645).
15. from Froissart's Chronicles, translated by John Bourchier
, Lord Berners (1467–1533), E M Brougham, News Out Of Scotland, London 1926
16. Peter Bander van Duren, Orders of Knighthood and of Merit
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Further reading
De perenni Cultu Terra Sancta (1555), Venedig 1572, by Boniface von Ragusa
Liber De perenni Cultu Terrae Sanctae Et De Fructuosa eius Peregrinatione, Venedig 1573, by Boniface von Ragusa
Discours du voyage d'Outre Mer au Sainct Sépulcre de Iérusalem, et autres lieux de la terre Saincte
, Lyon 1573, by Antoine Régnault
Miles Christi, by Szent István Társulat
External links
Official website
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