∑ 𝑿𝒊 𝐹𝑖 1 (∑ 𝑋𝑖 𝐹𝑖 )2
𝑋̅ = 𝑠2 = [∑ 𝑋𝑖2 𝐹𝑖 − ]
𝑛 𝑛−1 𝑛
𝑠 = √𝑠 2
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
𝒅𝟐 1,128 1,693 2,059 2,326 2,534 2,704 2,847 2,970 3,078 3,173 3,258 3,336 3,407 3,472
𝒅𝟑 0,853 0,888 0,880 0,864 0,848 0,833 0,820 0,808 0,797 0,787 0,778 0,770 0,763 0,756
𝒄𝟒 0,798 0,886 0,921 0,94 0,952 0,959 0,965 0,969 0,973 0,975 0,978 0,979 0,981 0,982
̅ – Limites de Controle
Gráfico de 𝑿
𝐿𝑆𝐶𝑋̅ = 𝜇𝑋̅ + 3𝜎𝑋̅
𝐿𝑀𝑋̅ = 𝜇𝑋̅ Gráfico de R – Limites de Controle
𝐿𝐼𝐶𝑋̅ = 𝜇𝑋̅ − 3𝜎𝑋̅ 𝐿𝑆𝐶𝑅 = 𝑑2 𝜎̂0 + 3𝑑3 𝜎̂0
𝐸(𝑋̅) = 𝜇𝑋̅ = 𝜇𝑋 = 𝜇 𝐿𝑀𝑅 = 𝑑2 𝜎̂0
𝜎𝑋 𝜎 𝐿𝐼𝐶𝑅 = 𝑑2 𝜎̂0 − 3𝑑3 𝜎̂0
𝜎𝑋̅ = =
√𝑛 √𝑛 𝜇̂ 0 = 𝑋̿
𝜇̂ 0 = 𝑋̿ 𝑅̅
𝜎̂0 = 𝑆𝐷 =
𝑅̅ 𝑑2
𝜎̂0 = 𝑆𝐷 =
𝑑2
3𝜎̂0 𝑅 = 𝑥𝑚á𝑥 − 𝑥𝑚í𝑛
𝐿𝑆𝐶𝑋̅ = 𝜇̂ 0 +
√𝑛
𝐿𝑀𝑋̅ = 𝜇̂ 0 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + ⋯ + 𝑅𝑚
𝑅̅ =
3𝜎̂0 𝑚
𝐿𝐼𝐶𝑋̅ = 𝜇̂ 0 −
√𝑛 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑥𝑛
𝑥̅ =
𝑛
𝑥̅1 + 𝑥̅2 + ⋯ + 𝑥̅𝑚
𝑥̿ =
𝑚
Subgrupos racionais
∑𝑚
𝑖=1 𝑆𝑖 𝑆̅
𝑆̅ = 𝑆𝐶 =
𝑚 𝑐4
̿ 𝟐 𝑅̅
1 √∑𝑚 𝑛
𝑖=1 ∑𝑗=1(𝑿𝒊𝒋 − 𝑿) 𝑆𝐷 =
𝑆𝐴 = 𝑑2
𝑐4 𝑚𝑛 − 1