Troubleshooting Tips for a New Motherboard

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| Choose Motherboard | Motherboard Installation Guide |

More than 70% of all computer problems are related to cabling and
connections. Ensure all cables are connected and connected firmly. IDE and
floppy ribbon cables and power cables can often go loose. Ensure
microprocessor, memory modules, and adapters such as video card are
inserted correctly and didn't "pop-up" due to vibration.

System has no power at all. Power light does not illuminate, fan inside
the power supply does not turn on, and indicator light on keyboard does
not turn on.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Make sure power cable is securely
Power cable is unplugged. Visually inspect power cable.
plugged in.
Visual inspection, try another
Defective power cable. Replace cable.
cable.
Power cable and wall socket are
Power supply failure. Contact technical support
OK, but system is still dead.
Faulty wall outlet;circuit breaker Plug device into socket know to Use different socket, repair outlet,
or fuse blown. work and test. reset circuit breaker or replace fuse.

System inoperative. Keyboard lights are on, power indicator lights are
lit, and hard drive is spinning.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Expansion card is partially
dislodged from expansion slot on Check all expansion cards to
the motherboard.
Defective floppy disk drive or
tape drive.
Defective expansion card.
Turn off computer. Take cover
off system unit. Using even pressure on both ends
of the expansion card, press down
ensure they are securely seated in firmly on expansion card.
slots.
Turn system off.
Disconnect the cables from one of
the floppy drives. Turn on the
system, check to see if the Contact Technical Support.
keyboard operates normally.
Repeat until you have located
defective unit.
Turn computer off. Make sure expansion card is secure
Remove an expansion card. in expansion socket.

System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy
disk drive.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
When attempting to run the Check cable running form disk to
FDISK utility described in the disk controller on the board. Make
Connector between hard drive and HARD DISK section of the sure both ends are securely plugged
system board unplugged. manual you get a message, in; check the drive type in the
INVALID DRIVE Standard CMOS Setup (in your
SPECIFICATION. motherboard manual).
Format hard disk; if unable to do
Damaged Hard Disk or Disk
so, the hard disk may be Contact Technical Support.
Controller.
defective.
Run the FDISK program, format Backing up the hard drive is
Hard Disk directory or FAT is the hard drive(See HARD DRIVE extremely important. All Hard
scrambled. section of manual). Copy your Disks are capable of breaking down
backup data back onto hard drive. at any time.

System only boots from Floppy Disk. Hard Disk can be read and
applications can be used, but booting from Hard Disk is impossible.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Hard Disk boot program has been A number of causes could be Back up data and applications files.
destroyed. behind this. Reformat the Hard Drive as
described in the Hard Drive section
 of the manual. Re-install
applications and data using backup
disks.

Error message reading "SECTOR NOT FOUND" or other error messages

indication certain data is not allowed to be retrieved.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Back up any salvageable data. Then
do a low level format, partition, and
Use a file by file backup instead high level format of the hard
A number of causes could be
of an image backup to backup the drive( see Hard Disk section of
behind this.
Hard Disk. your manual for instructions). Re-
install all saved data when
completed.

Disk formatted on IBM PS/2 will not operate with this system.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Format disk in the AT type
The IBM PS/2 uses a different IBM PS/2 disk format will not
computer insert disk into the IBM
format than other computers. work in an AT type computer.
PS/2 and copy the files you wish.

After install an expansion card (network card, tape drive card, etc.) the
system no longer works properly.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Change the interrupt or RAM
address on the new expansion card.
All or part of the system may be See the documentation that came
inoperable. The new card may with the new card in order to
No power to monitor.
work but a mouse or COM port change pin settings. many
may not work. expansion devices come with
proprietary software that will assist
you in doing this.

Screen message says "Invalid Configuration" or "CMOS Failure."

 PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Check the configuration program.
Incorrect information entered into Review system's equipment. Make
Replace any incorrect
the configuration (setup) program. sure correct information is in setup.
information.

Screen is blank.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Check the power connectors to
monitor and to system. Make sure
Power connectors may be loose or
No power to monitor. monitor is connected to display
not plugged in.
card, change I/O address on
network card if applicable.
Monitor not connected to
See instructions above.
computer.
Network card I/O address
See instructions above.
conflict.

System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy
disk drive.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
When attempting to run the
Check cable running form disk to
FDISK utility described in the
disk controller on the board. Make
Connector between hard drive and HARD DISK section of the
sure both ends are securely plugged
system board unplugged. manual you get a message,
in; check the drive type in the
INVALID DRIVE
Standard CMOS Setup (in your
SPECIFICATION.

Problem
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Reboot computer. Re-install
memory, make sure that all memory
modules are installed in correct
Memory problem, display card
sockets. Check jumper and switch
jumpers not set correctly.
settings on display card. See display
card section for information of
settings.
 Use anti-virus programs
Computer virus. (McAfee/PC-cillin, E-port, etc) to
detect and clean viruses.

Screen goes blank periodically.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Screen saver is enabled. Disable screen saver.

Keyboard failure.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Reconnect keyboard. Check keys
Keyboard is disconnected. again, if no improvement, replace
keyboard.

No color on screen.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
If possible, connect monitor to
Faulty Monitor. another system. If no color, replace
monitor.
CMOS incorrectly set up. Call technical support.

Floppy drive lights stays on.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Reconnect floppy cable making
Floppy Drive cable not connected sure PIN1 on the Floppy Drive
correctly. corresponds with PIN1 on floppy
cable connector.

Error reading drive A:

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Bad floppy disk. Try new floppy disk.
Floppy disk not formatted Format floppy disk(type ENTER)

C: drive failure.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Boot from drive A: using DOS
SETUP program does not have
system disk. Input correct
correct information.
information to SETUP program.
Hard Drive cable not connected
Check Hard drive cable.
properly.

Cannot boot system after installing second hard drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE
Master/Slave jumpers not set
correctly.
Hard Drives not compatible /
different manufacturers.
DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Set master /Slave jumpers correctly.
Run SETUP program and select
correct drive types. Call drive
manufactures for compatibility with
other drives.

Missing operating system on hard drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Run setup and select correct drive
CMOS setup has been changed.
type.

Certain keys do not function.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Keys jammed or defective. Replace keyboard.

Keyboard is locked, no keys function.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Keyboard is locked. Unlock keyboard
Power Supply Komputer merupakan sumber listrik utama yang menyediakan

tegangan + 12V, -12V, + 5V, -5V, dan sinyal POR (Power On Reset) untuk

mengaktifkan motherboard. Daya maksimal yang dapat di konsumsi oleh power

supply ini sekitar 200 watt dengan tegangan masuk sebesar 220 V AC dari PLN.

Dengan efisiensi yang sangat tinggi power supply ini sekitar 200 watt dapat

menyediakan tegangan sebesar + 5V dengan arus sekitar 15 – 20 A untuk keperluan

peralatan digital motherboard, disk drive, hard disk, fan prosessor, CD-Rom Drive dan

card-card yang dimaksudkan pada slot motherboard.

Bila beban power supply berlebihan, maka komputer akan tidak jalan atau bisa

berjalan tetapi tidak normal terutama pada saat kelistrikan yang di butuhkan

meningkat sampai limit. Kerusakan yang sering terjadi ialah akibat beban berlebihan,

tegangan masuk yang tidak stabil, sistem ground yang tidak baik, dan sebab-sebab

lain. Gangguan paling fatal untuk untuk power supply ialah bila tidak mengeluarkan

tegangan sama sekali, walaupun sudah di beri tegangan masuk sesuai dengan

kebutuhan. Cara praktis untuk memperbaiki power supply komputer dapat di lakukan

sebagai berikut :

[1]. Lepaskan kotak power supply dari cassing agar memudahkan memeriksa

rangkaian elektronik dan lepaskan seluruh kabel dari alat-alat lain. Bukalah kotak

power supply sambil memeriksa fisik komponen elektronik, barangkali ada yang

terbakar dapat diketahui.

[2]. Periksalah FUSE pada masukkan AC 220V dari sumber listrik luar, lepaskan FUSE

tersebut dari soketnya dan ukur hubungan kawat pengamannya dengan ohm-meter

pada posisi X1. Jarum ohm-meter harus menunjukkan nilai sekitar 0 ohm, yang berarti

FUSE tersebut masih baik. Jika ohm-meter menunjukkan angka yang tak terhingga,

berarti FUSE sudah putus, harus diganti baru. Jangan melakukan sambungan kawat

pada FUSE yang sudah putus, karena batas arus lelehnya mungkin akan menjadi lebih

besar dan akan menyebabkan kerusakan bagian lain.

[3]. Jika FUSE baik atau sudah diganti baru tetapi masih juga tidak dapat

mengeluarkan tegangan DC, maka lanjutkan dengan memeriksa transistor power

switching 2SC3039 (dua buah) yang bertugas sebagai kendali catu daya secara PWM.

Lepaskan dua transisitor 2SC3039 tersebut dari PCB dan lakukan pemeriksaan kondisi

masing-masing dengan multimeter. Bila salah satu transistor rusak untuk

menggantinya sebaiknya keduanya diganti dengan transistor baru, agar

karakteristiknya terjamin dan simetris, ketidakseimbangan karateristik dua transistor

ini menyebabkan gangguan stabilitas tegangan DC yang dikeluarkan power supply.

[4]. Lepaskan diode brigde atau empat buah diode perata yang langsung meratakan

arus listrik AC pada bagian masukkan, periksalah kondisi diode ini dengan multimeter.

Kadang sering terjadi salah satu diode-nya bocor atau hubungan singkat, sehingga

arus listrik AC ikut masuk ke rangkaian switching dan melumpuhkan power supply

secara keseluruhan transistor power akan ikut rusak, terbakar. Bahkan jika tingkat

kebocoran diode ini ini sangat besar, maka trafo switching akan meleleh, kawatnya

terkelupas, dan terhubung singkat, kerusakan ini yang paling fatal.

[5]. Periksa juga transistor pembangkit pulsa “power on reset”, juga kapasisitor dan

resistor yang terdapat pada rangkaian basis transistor tersebut. Jika rangkaian

transistor ini bekerja dengan baik, maka seluruh hasil regulasi tegangan DC akan di

reset oleh pembangkit PWM dan akibatnya power supply tidak mengeluarkan DC

sama sekali. Gantilah transistor baru jika dari pengetesan transistor POR ini ternyata

rusak. Begitu juga apabila kapasitor di test akan kering, nilainya berubah, maka harus

di ganti baru dengan nilai yang persis sama dengan sebelumnya.

[6]. Karena Power Supply komputer umunya bekerja dengan temperatur yang lebih

tinggi dari suhu ruangan, maka ada kemungkinan karena panas yang berlebihan

menyebabkan solderan kaki-kaki komponen atau kabel-kabel ada yang terlepas.

Periksalah seluruh solderan pada PCB Power Supply, lebih bagus lagi pastikan

hubungannya di perbaiki dengan jalan di solder ulang dengan timah yang lebih lunak

(encer, flux 60/40). Sehingga hubungan kabel atau kaki komponen yang mungkin

longgar dapat di jamin bersambung kembali dan umumnya power supply akan dapat
bekerja normal kembali.

[7]. Komponen aktif yang pengetesannya tidak dapat di lakukan dengan multimeter

adalah ICTL494 yang bertugas sebagai pembangkit PWM untuk mengendalikan

transistor power switching bekerja. IC ini hanya di test dengan membandingkan

terhadap IC yang normal pada power supply yang lain yang sejenis. Pergunakan soket

IC yang dicurigai rusak dengan IC pembanding yang masih bagus.

[8]. Bila proses pemeriksaan dan pergantian komponen yang rusak sudah dilakukan

secara keseluruhan, maka cobalah power supply dihidupkan dengan memasang

beban berupa disk drine saja. Periksalah apakah kipasnya berputar, ukur tegangan

kabel yang berwarna kuning (+12), merah (+5), biru (-5), biru (-12), orange (POR)

terhadap kabel warna hitam (ground). Bila parameter tegangan pada kabel-kabel

tersebut sudah benar, matikan power supply dan gantilah bebannya dengan

motherboard atau beban lengkap seperti semula, cobalah sekali lagi.