I
L
ffiffiffiffiffiffi,@ffiffi,ffiffi"ffiffiffi
,urrrnrll z
ffi
llliln Lrrarn
iliilii rffiutii
Z
1 L. ,. t..r .A -"
-
"
5\1,P
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,'
{
i ,Al
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o* *yo,.]
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(. t'
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_{ th*i confcfru
,
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,*$S
d'ttfn otronlflornio{
fn{o.,mat ion
i
I
I Yanicl fvr a
4 so'ne f?.,
roorntnoq
- rr
\r t'lathtrrol,f..rl r.n n
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t^..
;.,.,,*.functfono{one(or)-|'.,"lfnd,ptn.
(.
(, tdt uitt crt-u.rcr6
- ---r \u,L(r,',Lr
C6ntfcltr >,ll,,r\y
sirina1 no ,.., \ ffi- p*^!..,*-a r
&n- ,6ltl
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-al\l
s' ut.l Jct) hrtel rrot be o
fn.C.tfrne at-q.lhe *trne
f,, fT >.q pfi,'co-l xpfesrn tah%l*=| . y* t*T
{r rt(t) su.l,yyr I
[ Sqslern sLt)
toe ort not bothurd
aboul
t"'-'r
oufptlf sfgno'! *. o\
- {'r
fr'
t:onts {o
d
(; , ;:r"trt{,clt
'i-'"e t3c-.+_L, ';'
'']lr{ *tft.u,"ut.ro 11 oyt*rn.
knoeo
(i
: (.: I I L_h_4ffenn{rol eqr.
'L+.Bectrn'co-trrltl@q
-f, I-l---*,*lr,,,,\
(' ' H(chani,or cgurra-re41r
' I t t*gt1;=xltl
ruz-S-H(rtn(reevr.
* ]b convr4 Slf{u,nL,o-( eqn. *, t U(t-r) : x(t+>)
: UtU
- ;t-/
4l gA",r'c qr ur,rtg Lqplatr -he*toum ,
d
(-' \ Io con rtf diffutn.t tgn. +o oetbn'c x
\!*
trqr-4ot'n txree[.
r
-*'
_ t+{
. r-.-2 ,...:..
{ ( rlp'a J gs tern )'
$u) '{'I xu) { fittl ?
L---+ :ssstem
fttnctfon
&rgct)LTI s_ustrrn*
= xt+.) lrtg
TL--+
Conyokrlr"orr
L.I
YIsl-.Xcs).'H(s)
a.Y(ssr ,^
I :1
kt : li(s) =7
@Crmrr on\ fo-r Lrrsy-,t.D
'."o
& rt)
>rtt) = fyl
t:o
54pu151 fttsponse
ru
T
:rq = L' lrp
(ar)
:
i
l
3
t
+ t' ---* {fr'^'e
Itr
uJ *
Jr(gt(,r,H.
s J-t _+ f-" - Conrtxqtl,r Janto, (ot) Ocrmptnq jo,to,
tr1; rO
Ccornpttx fxqrrcn(g)
+ .g = s-t jt1r =) I"m, ch crraEltnirtr.s . C nrfr ir *trnt cLor, roco< s r^.l [tl
S= ju =+ lrequ,ntX tkoro,tenitftg. tht r0t .t-t t., )
d.orng
C.*ttt kfrt *ht u)
o
60
tSgslem
-+,ip ?oto ,b.
But
f-cntro I sgs{trn *-i ilf ieaio dtsirtd .,/f .
(ont"ol Sqs11, -
uq ,uhr,h *r',{ tl,ttont'|x
4 co,ltro I sttrr{ena & fhc,t rnt ons
or flnJer,r{ & rn o-r"ntcr-t'ncel (0, s-[{rrro[ ettcorCdrtq to or ol.u irco(
fi Qnn tv.
-Itr', eltmtnlc/c,t j
P ';"' d'".,1' "* t" -.''- h: bt
r-*,.,,1r1) rhyn,n!.q ccsrbcLtttl crt0/-rJ Itort .
&ntro Utr
&mmond ;.t-l--c,rt,.i-
i 4e{tbn controUict outpu{
Grl J- -Y
Btfrrtnrr [nput
' sfqn cL8 r
+TR b i.cfr'e th cd thr ro4froLlnd
{t -fCtmp .0r
-Ie4aUorf
ttr rnt nt
Non-freclboek I sgsltrn
(on'fro frpd botk (otttol sgsttrn
(oprn loop cont"no I sgrttrn) C (tortct [oo p Contto I etor.rttrn)
i"ton- ma,hrn,
4rrtorna-ttt
c.s c.s
+ Norr-,{erdb616 conttol tgstrrn -..7 it -rvL rnron
vlvLr not
b not
ctoer "i-"'r ['rvtho$ Jrtc{batls
. Ft,c{to,[s do e>efsf ia ].fon- ftedbotk coltvol syJkm
tso frtst4t
Q, 0Lcs buj &dualk e-Lornrnf not connrrt,d +o confuoUer.
+ Fedboth cs -+ *ectbqtk ettm'nt c{-fttelta cortnttt(t{ fu &ntttrtltr'
"1 c$
rncttfifnt --v Loop 6loseol by {i*rnon btinq5.
I..i ,1o'- .
Ar,tomo*ft €! arr *.or * us,ur c.,h.rt
:n{ h,.*or'"brina connof (.
tnvolu<d ,
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,
";;
i:
.0lcs I cLCs .
t/
not (mp!.g(c{.
'
fo rn c Lcs {trctbark sfgnct{ ri
J cu0r,u,p tmploH(c{. .
@ o Lts ove g tntrcrt-[q sloble hut O crct con becorn( unrtobl, (.u, {,
!(
t Connot br stah"tige tr b.romu +lfqh rooy gain &'1 hrqh propc.tot,"^
ttnsto blt . c{tht-g) Aut Con bt s}obiGgrd.
C Th, off..t "{ e>t{rr46s &fttrrr- @ lF, cfftrt "{ tr.tcrncrl corsttyloon{,.;
cd pctrorn c{t r
boncts 4 fntern 4 inttrna0 forornetrr ycirfcrlforu
-i
t'ovfolforu n rno?? fn LCS O . & [tsr in ( LCS .
-- f:: -1
--\I n
tI(SS Lrrr
Httm iar t..J Procrs i
T[r4pera{ctt, control tht or11
LtgrLrd [trdr
tll0cK
.i,
d-, raqrom Reptertrttcttr'on
iry_l$qrom o{ ston d aret
rePrts(rtTCLr(on , o C
]
lorcct loo p rgsftrn .->
E---:--------->
C fe"cllratk'*oPotoqq-
cV- * Re ftrtntc th
!9_l_ * (onttcltrd
"fp
BCs) -> ,tted bAtk sfgnal
-r--
= cr. [n +B)
f - cqB + cqH
t[,t&H]= c'rR )
It C'rcy Hfs.)
op(r)
loof gai, or o?m loop TF
-) lt(s) =l
A - rt ftrdbo.tlr A Constd tt-t ,J r'f
:'t.n{
tu. rtn.
abouF Htu/
$i
? Ih, Qbore B0 R .rAorrn f, 4.U b cttk trgotrgil ,1u sytem.
4
i.-
I
:.- -,-: | :. --- - a7
l.
a'
t-
I
rf R>(s) = Cr ts) i Non - fntrrattioX
\
Cas cocting
gut rf
ti RrCs) t' crtc) ;_ rntuortfvt cascael.f1.y
n(
t
-+ Ccc) r p>ts) . Gi(s)
\'
{l
Cr(c) = R(s)' 61(e)
.j
lJ D- r^r
nzrsj - cr(e)
*ht4
C(e; -- R (s) . crrl(s) ez(r)
t.
\ ..'
= Grr(r). Gr(sJ
Yctid onq {0,
(,i hon- iqltrat\ Co-rtadfrro
T
(_, -+
R=E f- I C=C
i,
t".\
YLI-.H
*-=3-=QH
RF
,@Parou,l
'/ teed {ortoctod bPi!$!*-
r -
[i], ,
c-,1 i{ Br = Br = Q
:-
Ii (= C;.t C>
(r
i-:
RtGr t RzGr
(-.)
5 R ( art c'rz)
C
\; hyt Cn.
(-.
D
l\
rarid on! q Vyr. gr( J&fit {or bo}h syterna
il
/ f:jt f, ar. or',q J sfcrnd.er.tel tololoq ftr hert A^!. [4U"f.t toyotogl ,
(,' ,
\.' I
I
'.-.-,.. ,)
/rl^'.-
g/ *H\tbn'd lopoloq$
-
&- c'Lt
R
.*---)
Qt
*e= = :
I t Crrr trrrrl !
€r"
c J
] No stonc{ord $lotoq* r:r.1
+hr B_a1 \
Block drhqrorn rtec{tuflCon /ilgtbta - t:
*..-=--..-.-.(<(-lj:j.:_
@ Gr-Q, . r::
rr-
<
Elemenls - o{| BDq
- i-.L3ettmtnlsj
@ GrrGn (
= R&+x br
4.f t.,
rl ,
c 9 c= R&txcn
f':::
R**_)*A +2 2L;*"
l-i6;-+6pi
-I+
xy
=r T
\./ X
/
fia- x +)+R)
\ -- '' C= R+x +y C- RtX+V
'/
i-.'. .t '?r-r.- '-..'. t.-::--
i.:- .. .-- -. --,. -!-
li):bL*;):t;1:*;:?i'4---:L.ir -.--: -.- - .::. -. ,,:-- ,:.:j--:_:'..-.-..:-1..-,:;....: . :..:'- .. _
:.::.: r- :_::.jl,-: ..:1-, .: -
.=-"1L:f .:.:-f )'.t:??ffj3)!..{,.
e
I .-
lo,o*
): R+x
l*,
r
@ sfrtft an add rz be fure * h, *q k, 4,f po fn ! t
R
----) &---'c=
R +x I
4 C =-R+ x\
lx =
Y=B
)
Y= R'f x-x
ftcdure 4frrnd xF
Is
t{' .
" a-,.,-,
bellr
Crf
-_l
\ f C11Grz \
l_-|*/ -r
hrl l- tt c,$/
I
.,.,.:,,:,-..,.,........:-...-.-.:...,..
:i'
e \rr\ul
--
$Xn"o l[ot:
-Bq S.I. l'Tason
Qt'lfnotiorlr+ siqno,l {to,.o gtoflfi .& a quophrcal {eohnfg,,re fhnt e(eo0r uf*h
*he re(atfon blo yarioblu c{qcriuec{ fn *ht {oorn
"4 o sgsttrn thal a*e
'n't@, th.i cennot bt hrprrst4t.d hqrt bco< ?!s not conf,ein any
xs^n9 vOriQ61, .
--:--l
+U
= )^nxtyla
.t.
n
H oro *o Con y( /t ete c [rfccra u/t^: fabd SFq -.
Br {rti)
^B'
t *.
Yl *o fl* Yg f,, -> Yo (5 ror:ob'. t
'sL Vo(s)
fr(r)
J'ar = I/s
d
*,_\) {ottalu f lool
cfr trrt-Na19
[, = yi- n.
Er ,dou Lue C9") cPr o.o fh u. gru ir fs-rrn "N siCr
Yc
,!(f,-i,) Tq k, noci., 4 sFQ 0r n o. o-{ vcr,neoblu
o
r, Vc L1
iL Vc -vo
Rr tlR,, i,
I
7sc Y
I tlr
Y; i st i,
* l/sc
-L -J_
Rr RL
2\L
Fo'ru:arcl fath -z st.Qfn.
Ferd bolh n _) Crl"av<.cL dnt
4 oxd. o-f variablu ean b e an gthing ,
ir it cen be f, *) Va -2 V; -2 (yn Yo
g*=i-: ':)-:':l::-:..:,i;?';ilj.:';i2i..;-:.;:--':
4)
---'
fi convt'rt B Locp ctfoq,oorn fnio SFGri
\.-=-
P3u I
UCs) o
l
Tr = -Qrxrtltlt pLLr
x>= -ezkl * piu
45 Btoa, L9)tt On-a- &lffe.entt"o,q Eru *h.ro (crnr({ {o otqobrFc e{n'
I
. *'n€ L'I.
a
xv tls \x, ,/ L
t
T
t- -1:!-::i::: ! --'*-.r.:-l:,-.::!:i.!?--!E
W.
I
L
.
';
i-:,1 ,-.-,u* ] tle ,con clf,ecttX g,t sFG bX gi'tn tXru'o-l-ro
!Ql<r 6 ranfobler noro , Xjxr:xr ; N, , xrru
bz
l:-
=i; F Pr.A*
.h,". k=lr2r3.--T)
A
L.r f
I
I
+
[borl "i z -p" - to..hf"Sjsqp'" go-ins-]
I
+ * _ *_.
I
r
t
obtci-fne& \ :
ti
Ax =1- [.u* -i "Y tncttvfd.qr toof ga-tru +ho$ orq rof dor*l^ir.4
I
I
:
+o k+h Fp) l
i X*r.f;Ir*,*f
:
=J[irn
fno to
-r::r:l;.:.--:-:::::::-::i,:::.:i::a-;:.1a,:,:.t;*Zj$ja,,E.:a,li;.i;.>
t ,,..,' ',"''.,.-r=.-a::aa.r!a:::W-T}tgifr
'8- - :
rfr.i^r
/t, . o 'iri.ii( Jl' .i^.^- .,-.-il "-
,<-: rii.,il( ' Tr tr0tr tIr 5H.r rePr.r(lts & radobir o{ T7l( s'U\L(, Il .,xv.\,i
,rorfa b lu
nodu k cquol tCI Et o, a{ .
:
i
flocte -
@ J"r p..t Thr flodt th ot ot on q u\o
l', o fng bro'ithu.
@ Output hodt - Tht rrodr *hat has rnq fncotninq bto n,hu.
{.; IgjI- f'loron's'iorrnul,c, ir appArcoblt orlq bttutttn ilr , ,fr nod,r *{'Fn,
\ S tgrral Ftou graph.
@ - lath thot co'nnttts tht ilP noclo 'tutth th'
E.-i
$ortoarct foth Th, "#n'&i
{-:
t
L- .
sur[ liiet no noc{r JJ
e
; (
P rct(C{.
(jl .
,tr+
C
@ Non- touching Loops- T[uo (or] m6r( n0. -{ lorp. ar. sord to bt non-tlttt'
f,' Ain8 tT-ilfil t ha,,. an{ cornr,]on node
C
{) =) No* u:rit f f C 4 sfqnar {t..o lrop}u th.t .ue [s.', ctrot rn on
i-'
It
(:r
. ftryvfoto paq., urfno |1alon's gctin
- {otrrfu-Lc'
!' :
.o. Frorq StG, @
t'^t
\.
L lt -oJ
cBrRz L
(-r
l-f---i-- I .'sl'l * ol - oL-ra^
1 scBl scfu
f]
R, ) [l*u"n r
s o
Lt i'-'r L* lonq ar sYkrn
€\
\.,'
--=
vi ".k
,-l*,-,*,-*J- a/
/ ,trrornt
bt rome l.
A Lottl
-^L
knourn
t_i () I
u.i
Vc
V; ** [,'(- #)]
{':
{,
L
t,.
t..L.
L= -r-[r
V,"
Rrl I
A
I
s C R)
il:t
(..i
tlt h&r. b,,rl Ablt *o coltu-roge c11l *Atst xtotforu bncX urt rna&
(;
('
R-tt ir , [t , {c L fo Gs nodr bg 'lqt(fn$ o unity 9oi,1'
"lp
r'ril_r-:.:,-: vr.I
t-
Yt. Bu'l-
q-o
[J tu'e i/-16n-1 to .f€nor drorulu Jn. bluo r*o ro au
I,rhnh cffl.,r,
CDne or both nodu &rr n rtlhrv i/p nod-r n0r o/f noele.
Ifin cto ffh e th& -> (:-
Vo Vn -/lv:
'(
c
t>lvi
.T; P'
,,It=
'c
at
Lz ln{'t t1 tr lvi I
i
fnom scrF @^
i
--,
-llF 7
2
?rAx
=
K:r L- PrAr t PrA,
[,.]r
I-=
U $ tr-ol + t'D-': + pg
i, l-* -4"1 -t
;;J
0,1
)
f- f -or - or i+ o-o
l--
L,5Sa j
Bo+l"L
frorl SFr4 @ ) .QAt
i
!&t,q.
L::-:-:- lr
L= 3 ( toogs)
o" S=
R L?xAr<,
l{=, a
9= Q'Gz [r-o] t c{re,r! [r-o-]
R
| - &,c,rrH - CrrH, + 6r c,rlG3HrHr] +o
L-
Nou Bu BDR
<--=_-:c=-> -
c{l( hor, lo [rt erittco! rulq Cq 8.fo) .
(,j x ,= l+ 92 ? o,
v- 6r-
/ - j+qri
C-l:-
. .: . -.1-:,:.:.---:'::
S==
R t 6r (xY, +i' -
Hl ('
|l
I
eu UY)
,,[i.HJ
i
c/n = l, {.
(.
('"
('
(-
(..i',
.,
L51 {.rl
(.
eb
It qH
I (
D
l\ lt
-
QH
c_.*
R i
(
i,
tt--}.:-t-- .-.-; < : ?--. -+
f.: -.:.-r:-: i:i-:a.-;!i-ir*-.:t--t:r:lr:;;;::tlti::i-:Ii)&fri+1.!..i.:: !: --,
A.o^tr &nL 3V t.teq (3
q
./r\ -?
i,
{
i
i'
{;
"-r\ bco< (a lr cttrt, affetr:ngI
1'5
$,
tt tt l'l Ri
(: 4Cr ,r ol-r o
\
4. Cz, tr Thrs, Ctyt (nttl otltn{.
e,,
{. r,\
<J L{-t *o +hr{ trle g{l s 4 [tonr {t, {ru. .
e
f.e 9= Kr. i 1= Kz ;. c, =ka i !L= Kq
{..
tl
Rr Rt Rr By
{-, cl = KrBr r KrB,
q,,
C KsR' t KqRr: "
€1
q.;
(_- C1* C2 I(r Rr .f KJlz r Ks R, + kq Rr-
=
C, F
R It<,J K't k3+kul
R = Kr* Krtkr*kq
- \.,' C1 Grt
!C.
&= + &, n,a,p,J
I
I-
l- QrGrltr+i]
,ci A ct
Il =- , - 6zfil - G, (r_tt
6tl r
qJ a
t1 1- I t (- h:-Hrhr) (a y) - Lnr(zHrHr
W:r::::::?,r..!,-znEaffirE;*Ea;;:..:.
.9 Lmi1sn1g. -.
&
.- G1H1(i' \'ct=
R-
Ct
l-CrrCz Hl ltz l - QrCr Hr Ht
ttl
6. L-
_= q, -. CrrC,zH, * CfHr.Gr*C:-
r\ -
r1
1-frlrGrHrHr
l. Stondord ctored toop Tr = Grtsl
I t C{tsl H((i =l \+//
(c frcr c,. t.rfrH. ?o{.,,lr,*n r oq I'
aa Sfondcrrd ch or, egr qgrt qcs) H&) = o dtnornino-tor 4 (,.;,
Clostd. ho? Tr'oruir,
{Ir:l nLe) = Closed -tgop p
w
-Jn. (
(;
g Rz
(
+ I
Fc"a o7o
ld(
(
R3 (
4r.t /-
(n
C= l\Z +
( pn
1,*- '.9 ./1
LRr uh.tt Rz = R-g
=P
t
i
c h, G, rt' rR r -9- sirnilo\ Cq' l. cB,
(
D
r) "G
I
l+ qrQzHrHz l+Qr&rHrHr (
C G. *\ Cq, = G rRo (
RL l+CrCrrHr Hr
l+G rQr Hr Hr (i
e- *Hq,Q'& Coa= IHQrcro-Rr
(,
-.
R"
J l-r Qr Qru r H,
=) (,
(.
C= [C,cLRrt c"Rr+ C-Hc,1(,rRr)) &r
(
ltQrCrrHr H, {.'.t
c\
g Frn ct ch av . ec;"r. Rr t
(
-Y g,u)
= lt ctrsl Htsl (
$rs)= rr_lyfif -l a
) =
fsl=oJ
I
l*'I s/)
s/
:
t I
'
^ ^;T *'''o,i'"'oi
?t() = t+ t :l-t X
(-t
'E-J
i
I
PL
ihw Ld( g.t scrm. .kor. (?n
s-l
br-r
(
S-,2_l
Corf,)Sl
Ia
:ICc[ ttrfln4 or.rq t tlf' l, L sf?'
'4
{ ln l ut vlred +o Q,t ovr LU l( cl' o Y, (qn *'rhod- tLritt bt uniTedor
(,
F'..
*he t-ohol. syrttrn,
4I Ffnd fht con cQ-ftfon h ?lur,
(r rfe tfftt{ o-+ "5!,' cn
t'c': j
t' A,-{ ..E - ^^o R -ffi "|, ,
*-rt*-r.,1---.---* o
-r;l
rrr.\ vv,r g\
s l_f+-l ,ft '.i t/o .,l"sorne r xo'tJ'1
- €} fi c Gt sornt nodc
€ Yr * :. (a8n
- @
T I = Q-c{'rac]
l--__H A Noco Cq L (r-QtQc) @ h
- Y #r
seuiu"
- @ ,o. g=--r=o
(l-Gr&r,)Ca
_@,,r
(3 I 1 , +r.& c(ots nof rncrtftt-
- s oo,
fl:
0-C1C.)&9=o
G'
..','i (xJ
f,.d barfu b tue coq yt&ge *l',. "]l'-,t "f Uott,
bV q .Jr.t'for I (f+Gr(rHJ
('
C 3
R z€
"m
o C
i
-\ s_ S+a
=_
R s+b
a
I
Rz
3xg
Yt =9
L=o
n= ?
[= ?
.: Ili=el
JL= e la
\.b
@ r=2 i
T
X1
la --n
L- / |.
[:r
p-
60
)<r= Ctxlf Cx3tbxr
xr [r+i . e{, + c>{a
ffi)", c3
{.,
S-= 2 (
Rr
C-o
-"R
ra
Li.i ce,i Lur ij.u.r! y1tfl Yt
tPo'm r&- &
'o'Rgec.^{ ilf e
R */Y noclu
n
ri
I l'- I 2-31*oJ
5 sJ ) --) c= S Cs+ rr)
l- ir-3 - z! - sl + .(. R s"t >9s t6
L .1 S sJ g1 i
c_]
tR -,
-(
C. r)
*tt lto-rorr
ls *i,
R
=( ?
formulq co"it-
b, ur rd. :" R {r yrot frr corn ir,,1 b"on ,h o: H r -& eorniS J" R '
oo- f = R,ltC.H, a
flr-Hrl = (
,,I
fo &0 'tt b{ tiu,uri! , Ccitlii ioai'i^,.,a ";>
oD
But al crJ e crtGi-rts
(z (3
t * fr-
%
Yo
V;
..':
a.^ "
ftrv/ prorn SFG --
Fxom Clttbn"cc'S nl'a . {** toop S o
p
tr= {lCry* [zH
-o - Va" '* 4ttLt '+ {3 [f1:.1 - til
iyrtae =o
iz= Ir Gtr
.o
o 6
'lt
[", *'<31
<sl
<3a]== {'--]- 43 lr
,I
Vo : Ae'f, .-- @ P
!_ t tr,lzz
=t'i,k,
A_1-1
t=-_t J
I
Lf ^r
4r+7t
G
l4t+zsl \{tt{j/
t-=>--i
h,
ht H
funn ttor @
<J (fr-f,) +6r+fiq) f,-= o L vo: {r 4,,
oO o
oo I <t' h= A
-/-\
LL-- 1r Z,y
l--1r
.&trg-r<.,
Q,
-'-':12:i::i7YiA;277iTfl;8 ffir-- *ffi
-t t.-
di ti,;' '
-Ti-,
R,lPoIl. AnorU:rs.
Ivrr4_trys$
X0 Clectn"ca-[ [v, r)
' @ He rh crn fccrt I r, r.-]
@ HUctvoruofc I l.q*ra bo.raU
@ Pn,*1r,1ql-fc Ia'r bareaJ-
O -|htrmat
Iucar ,ar;dJ
Eiemtnts of anq
t---J (-t ,Droccrr.\
@ r[e.ntnt 1 n
I?esfstr'rr
@ (hpatitir( errrn,nr -rl.::;rtlt-;tl'ij;tffi
o_lrc"n j, stoncr, C.t tfrn,!
O lrael ttme t(emtnt
@ ttatorX ettrn rnt
Oscf
s--7 n -r oA l.ocr-u,
li'-l 11 drcftto'rotq e(qmtnt *- at-ro 'co{.dtc{ *htn" we I
('
LqPs tfm, 11r"tr) fr, ,hr.l., tlrt Lo..re bren cr PPnI<{
b* 4p not pretral -&-ca!_rer( dmd d$ne etqrn t'-t. (
-\
-(
":^:t' 4ud:{ unt ist & shd otd,er pr,c.,,u,
a .
3rq = lst-znol
4\ = Jst-j-st-2nc{
-) *ul )nd = 1st -- ls{X
-hl:;, -tnd oadu .d. ordffut"rX ftoreU bwl
roilt 4o t ?&o orcftrc,iol frorf,t, ,
'o.ctfco-\
7"r< lllf, aoJ rrot temo-in colstont <y ruq t{rnt '
-+
l .l_L carn,hong, 4ut *o yon,ou-r +hinqs -+
Bttt p?ocetr qoq c{eo( Wi+h
slorrne e cfiongu.
BlulLtl
f txf or rn on (( "f sXrtern drgtn& orl sorne cdfsfurbqncq *hlA oru
q ',.n
.\J I {Yt be[our.
ai\
,
(g/ Shr
hock ------+ Ar+\ ^n +- ^ :* 1
' !^ lu.t=r
=,0, t#o )
W ;_;";;''r irlcfl$!--
Strc{c{<n ,L,
I
trtt) = | ,t7o I
Tfme
' z- o,
t Rts pons,
t(o ) f no!-qs(s
@ (onstont vetocitr;
-> fttt) = l.utU I
I
@ Conrlant 4ct'ettrotfon -+ = f. utt) I
PCO J
o 0scfttet("oru -+ sinulot
')
fngutnr q Re r goase
Ut annuls is
, i'
* rCe ,onridtl L* po,, ckt onQ fn (on'tto[ sgctems , bcoa +h.y hctue
'Srno-u
Br-o.o. elErt
"{ Dottt rt less '
R
oo, CCs) =
I,9C .R(t
R-rI
'sc
.C Cs)
I
ft (s1
r@,
CCs)
R(s)
@
.Llr'-
+J ,
t..
dl 4a
fon genl o
Svsttrn ii stobl
Arect rj *n ii. I
c
Oo rC *he Srpu-l-st Resfon., il
*he
{ 0 sgettnn lbsotulelX fntcXtablt thrn
sgstern fr s{aurt!
6
t.p r
l..l:nl.dr r ao
eorcHtfon -f stuUt(.tq fdr.Lrr r:rt.*.
o
E, Ceus ol strrn -+ potu rfroutot ti<r frr l,fl arl "+ s-Plonr {o,iaut.
f,r .
sfaa f Lfrx
"i o st.t ,n ' .ri rk abfl\ h fthitcrnd e.gruht
,^,
--''-' a ,s4roch ,j i
. Qtl ,
finrttff., "J o rX,trrn .b recoyey f*-* a ilorq. :, i
7)s.
4. At t=T' Rre ponr haue to be <(ycr &eeor&fn$ {o ntop, . ,
( ll trt 8ts Rerponrt & Kev6 ..i t=,o [.'; :rt ffor, .L*XSrch Cslor,r)vratu"'J
i. 'e-i
lhuu {rts see at t= I f,ro, ,rr,h .,i
*fit
pon,..
i
,o"
c(t) = -L j*/1 u,,,
i
'i I
I ,=',
, -t
(
(' T,I
{ c(t): 0,3.J :r'lttfdivo-Ltrt .',=
d
B ' ,..,
;l
t,
*hr Itrnputlr ,f
a sH{(m is tt0T a,bsotut\ int,-g'oble
Rrsf;;ii.
"l ;rilyi uNor
syst(rn -,3 consfdeyed to bt sfaslt'' Crt rnot b. tlorqino$
{': sltrb{r (or] r;nstobtt). , '
(:
(.
{ C[q)= I
{ l+sr,.1S
{", . ". 8g por.[rn] jrcrtifgn".
{.: (Ce)
L _,l 1/r
= 6
s" st
t:.'
"' c(t).= q t; ,r,tf :f 4oro Stof, Rcponse
flcorrsfd*inq inilfalcondn,o
" =.J
s
s
]",T"-
tlr"ot, stqtt {r-orrsnnt
6 Ruponrt (ss) ;,;;; tt,.s; sR I stu1q,rh (sloo)i
r\
fJ
{norn IR . o J
C flu, .rtobdti+X
.ftr . Btno c0a6[h l.cr. ,o
* bt sctffr{r.rd . [fr* rq".lrnr .rl ,tqlle]
{. tSU fi.g*11
l-
td = ,tn(z) r f, tlt,,
td : o, 6,lS f
/1.
G,". lfsr tfmt ttr),- l-frn, lok,n bq *hr htsfonce *orfst -Jrorn tor/slo go7'
q th. -J'Cn"-o vettre.
dtt 'u= tr ,*5:*) = to/. I -finctJ rct[ut
l-e "" j o.lx.l I
+ tr = o.LT
flr t= t: =) ctt) : 9o% x I
t^--, I
drRc
[',: i
RC= , .- ''T-
'-|.
tr= d.,t x I
d n(gw)
tr = o'35 *
Bto
a
.t
t*, tr; ol I
sfftd cf ftrrponr,cf
:
1-p
-ts/r
- 4
J.
or CInq sustrm-,
OT * + o,/"
-tT '
r'
^
b3/j
nl
.-+ 06 "/.
Ll
'
3r frtoF^
a"/. l= b
+T -? 9g Y. .--: 2"/o L. rt a,p,rcL on \o\uonte\
I tt4 pratt&t) f
5I :+ 99'.: 'f -> x Lol. ,) l +t',ot r,-rhirh k hou, to t
., L u, to.ken J
:
coT -) loo"/. *> o "/"
-+ -l -L ts ur.l
U+4yL stobirirH
Also y.f C, r o pote '@
-#
"i.r,. i,f -ye fetctbork 0ppUcd.
: -l
il
*lhen E.=
l*G H
-t -+ polr
@+ Thtu stouttftil tu.
'# sr2
dttt'io -Yr f<r dbork
=> f$ a sustern rec,,htr fo Steo% stak -+ Thtn sttretrrn n Skbtt
y+ o. rgstrrn douvlel rea.ll st(adt slok -+ sgtkrn -ri t.nstcblt'
+ rstHtino *irne Ctrn bt luect Or & mtarLryt
( "'$
httctt{''t spttl {. rtto'hlt
stobf'tttrl o{ o (gt[trn.
i' c- * tt
i
LU R fr 1111)+-+ tls
;" c: .Sl.J -Sr-
S-
a tv
.stalt -
"{ 0 s gstrn
b,h oLliowr .
1
-4ccul at
o
oo eLl) = utt)* LC,_.-tir, utt)j
-- ufi t r-t/T uru
"ry| -
esc : {fm e_tlr q it)
t-+ ar
(ss= 0
{0, .th, df'st otdtr sqsttrn
+hc( ur h*, rorr'rrdt'td [.frrs+tl l.upo,rur)
'. ..: ir r .;?a- ja.aaiP.i:41
lrl
-, , :-,1-- :ihe [S ff ii .,i subl'ec[ecl t-o S]rp tif thrn it,fu se-id ,to be
--tl
I
i fosttfono.t tratkfn{.
t, -> Sirnilartq q cr n sLlbjeticol *o Rornl ilr thtn Yetocitq ttotktng'
t| --> r{ cs i, subjrttrcl 1o poroboLfc f/p th,n Accrtucdfor bot"kin6.
SR Porit{on i' 4y,atr o{ .honc,p
(
? 'lfxtd
{ pori{(on v.il,i
=
Rctt o1 d,onqe
d
--t $irc0r/ w{ottty - /lci. C,}ixrJ;
C,
-('
{
d-
tro rk fn g) (rttort"ty frathf,rl E )
=T--
(Acc. lrorkpnS)
4rienna [r,
{1 PSt_v 4rttenna
I]' Rqun n
t'i,:> i,r o-rt,.ccr-\ *ht 19 fn c{ccX +o .(.g lif t. aru |osfk'oncd t.rtktnq.
_ :f
t.r
,l
I
i
I
-r, t/'
I
I
I
s = t"A-Lrr,6+T;r;e-t/r]utrl _
l:-
l.
-e tttJ- T[,--th]uru
_c.
- o'o (ss = e(t) = --L,ra
fu1rn -rI I l*
e t+.o - "t
tr-
t+ oo
Ir-6Ur] utt) L
fi
Css: T #o
nsiroui
_ 3 la,oriout l$*o) <, Ip)
-& C(s1 = I ';
r
r\ l+st 53
L,i
. A . rn)-
Wlls^ 1 .r.l,
+ sq! Lf tc ,rnL
RCs) St+ sI
L
rr LC
St+ 29,ors + t^lnl
o
urr = L
{LL
> &u:n = R/f a= Bt'-C
=) ) ?
9Jl
ln
t:
t_
i
I
+, .Q, deprn& O,n ,,io;: Ct
R Rrsononr. XC= xr--i
t/vt r/Lc
RCtl sl+SR+
;L
$sfondord 2!cl ord.tr chor. eQn ->
= s? 24*ns* ro# = o
Q(e)
ease tt) (Q =
<-----------}
") [unaamptdJ
Si, z
=O +j,0, ; frnaafnot u rrnots
t'l ' -n- (
Cqsc (ii) (o < €r<t
'e--------) ) [Urra,rdornprc{J
' {'.I tL
._"t : -@ti@,o
= - rl J jto.r
o
()l
^
i cornplex- con.["$..h fn Left har,faf s-ptonr
v1 +
^J- 4.or,'* Oampfnq fartta &rJ coe{,firf,nt
d.t = urn ,[=t : gornpinn
fr.g, o-f orcittol,'oru
.-Cacc (ci t) (Q= )
t
/ ?*rt .tt dornp.tdl ..:.:
[ cr."ir.o-ot,
S,, , : -cdnr-uln
, Roots 3r, Rtol 4 4o'ot:
& orcftlo.lr'0ru &n rornptttrf, c{orn p.U /kftt.U,
Casr (d"1
<______+ (Q zt) [oyodornpe"U
S',r s * guh
t dn;E!-
Rools crrr Reo_[ 4. W(tqci!
tr
)
-
': :1 :: ! :' -' : :
1 : : :' : :.,:.:.:' -'':t )+-i::a: jat:-'!' :;l?':^Jtl:--::'
jt':n (g=ot
,'lt^
.l',oa
r'LI-XI
)q;-
-lf .^la
o(,,-t-
Y(l -"forn f.?r=:;)
$+-'';"*
:"ful
*> Uyrctomf -+ O'q osrtltofioru ofhu, not du{-eol bcox tts not stedt'
rd
'+ C,hdtvdnrn prd + sfle tcl & (f\bittq fntttortd
-> Crittcn-t1 c{ornfec( + spttct -fctr{*rer {ntrror( A fu:i:
lo*t . , - a -
-> Ororctornitcl -> poots Cr,". unequo.l .f ttmt const onr &tt?ortnt 4 {otXe
dttrearu ( btoa
a{: *h,m t 'ttl bt consfcttn& . o" stqbitlq
*fm, consl n [o1t hulor& orfgtn & fou'ra"dr crrfEtn
ffibit-lt'i cl-atr,-cr e o)'
o.
i
:
w n : ? - n. |- !--:'::JI-.,J j. ::_.;,,:_-:. _.
- -.
-F?----:*;;:;t:;;t'lt;;:;tz'r:-j':a'."t-'r
::,.-::;o13_-j-7(7ffi .
tl)d
S\l)lY
$*nb ttity
= "{(€r,tl",)L-r
J
r'orio blt
ccnst
sLaUititY de*ecr-sq
fot Erl
k
ruc"r$inc{Q stqbte :1
-Qt:n fxoc{.u,f i,
const it mtoq,
-Iw.l bo th oar
6 Ya-t^"ecl I
constont "m.tt t.
eonshrnt r/J;
t
-n l*
0srnq 4qnc(a.ol >utrlt ut urill t"., e* cosbt utO <+ S+q
.lo d'nd r rLr. €tq) \ u"
t
. S? 2q tdy,S+ t"-nt
=,
s1+ 2(c)'(Qr,tr)) t eir,l._ qh6's.orl
€+ E wn)) *i
:" r4rt" gq
I
=
ur* rdd
sinuAtuttl
:v
til/fi.9, 6t 9 ur)\
,oi
N lrR e't"! stnurat utt)
Jtrrl. .d. <
ao
:
o
dS"L., /i u{oblt.
I
04
.-:-
Bg Pattfru fo,tion
C(s)
= g_ -<r2Qtrl4
s?)E trJnsf r^ri
tnd
5+ &con & torr Dd
(r (s* g a,)r* fri $t(runJ}.oao
((r\
\.-/ -- st
-1*
a
€ L.ln ) 6 ,uJ.,i
(_)
(st 6, tdq)'r U1.{
i_
JlrA- (s* q dr)'t uli
Nou: tak, }. L.I
cct) :
I'a - c-- &u:nt
cos r^tdt _ .€) '- Qd,',l
e sfn.,rdtJ u(t)
4
L
Jtr-
crt) (,
)t L
- €, rr.iat
l
L
F I t;- .-
L-.1",
,sin I
1nq t-1,* -t
-r C "l'--'',,r'Jl
: wdrj
","^
corfi )i.(.i.i_)
oC
SR
- Quln t
1+ <nvttopC ,fl 1+g
J .- e-&u'lt .Tl=t
Sl-q'
-1 -+ envtlop< i I
Jt g'€rt^l,nb
-^-it:r,tds
--l-
-.l ?Le
Qr
-n=r
-> Sttp fferponre 4 lzfttcollry d-ampld,
.,.,iiu,, - (€=1,
-t rt urfLt (cr-ur [root ,iftLfnq
*dme bco< o.f ,o or.frr,utlo*.
*\
-7
-To ttro ncr
11r n=L -
\'(a% to"s't'; (-'
.t
r'i !
015: : tf.n, to k.n t{ h esp on sc fu rrtue f*"", o bo 1oo "f tl'. dlh"l
!'ofule frt (0r t -+ und o dom ptd sqsttrn .
cate
.1{ Q"or dom}ac0 sgrttrn *. Ft ot{et sucttrn *.&. ff-.ll
=fh, tema tqlctn 'bq '*ttrponr('
th, to rt&. "Jrorn 1o% to 10"1" o!
-f?,,fl,rttu,,.
.
: 1oo "/, \ (t),
' /_ ^- Q,.lrt sin(ulatr+dl
r-,e
.J,1" '/
=/
o^,- ^- Sdntv
€:
- '''[qr s,h (ula tr+ d) ; o' I
i
L_-:____: QU I
=o
*o
.o" si'f@atr+d)
t// =o
dalxt{ n11
0 hadrhnr onk
T T r: [n rqdier'.l
= .L
I
z1\ ^ "\
(1/-Iro[ ^,
{ime ttp) _
Jfrn, tok.n bq tht: htsfloflre to ]til't i**',0'tp
-\----------------
Feqk valut (or) |'lortfrn rcrtrrt +he ktsfonre'
u rn
"f
ooo 4t l=tp:) d ctt) =o f crt podrt "t l'{o,rbnct or fflfrrt"rno doft
c(-t \* -+ fr.l, n <r,ro
]
I fn
ctlt 4
- 6tlr,lr .I
--: o
*L0ne- €,- '',-
t",^t o
#-
r*g:- irE'
-',1
L ;;"d
cos(c,ratp + il) - E sia (uratprd) I =o
-J
cas d
- E, Lr'?r-t tp
-dne-
\[l- F] [ 'r, U- Lo.ttp ,$] =o
\=--)r--'
Q"l
-4^ -
-f-v =O
uldtp = nn
*
t,I.- = r}IT ft = octc{r l'loximo (ot) fivtrsfiool
(,d
#n :- lvrn', t/tintrna &4 tlrldershoob
}]=1 + ]f"s{ or.,rfioot
[ = L -) lrrrt unc{tt shoot
s*-f@11o"imurn
peqk to4 leqk or,r,l,ooL Crlpt -
g \y 13 ar tfie ct,fftr.n,, btttrrtn feQk rolrr o-{ *h t
ct,f fncd
Ci, fterponrt t strac{-y olait rals t Ccr.) *',?cr( }'oLut"
E-t
ff nl = c(tr) -- c(ro)
f,\
E' flp = c(tp)- 1 I crnit slrp tnPu-t
dE
h;'
6l
Yr = 4 [rupr-r] I sttP in Fut
€
G
-: ---: r^-a--!-:--a-: +:-i1lm*_
/, llp = XLcU+t - c(,n) ]x too |' For st,p ltrnit strp fnput
fllcc*11
oY? = cCtT) - c(a) x loo ;
c [.oJ Fc, sttP/unt1 sttp tlP
* i Hp c*ritl br oLrff.r.nt {0, stil X unit sltp' 8t1 "/oflr clou not
4if{'trrnt .fo, ft,P or. rr n i[ sltp s tqlal . '
, ,
oo l1P
& u'/{'E'J-
. for stt r ilr
(
do* YP----* Q*i
{
-{.
@ hou, rQrne d f.'r c-q( Pol(s
tf
u.j -_> Thtte 0=u + err uncltydornf rcl bcox folu Or( comfltx ConJl{ote
i ofrs.
{.
\-..... k
{'.
\,.1
@ $etf i,\q
.--:i- ffrne (ts) - J t*,
ttkea bg itu ponr, -lo #i, tlo"n 0,\ sbt
r:, u-rifr' i': i,/" +b/o o-f toleront banc[.
- (i
"
at t= ts + l= ,]s/.
c(t) twt" _{
-l -irror vo*tr-rr
\ { )
€'r,1ntS
* '
J- e
:,r l_ Q,
o
{:
sfn(r,catr+ 0J = o'18
{':
ooo -- 6, curt s
*'€] e s'h(uidts + dJ O.02
:. ft-€," =
€) \=--'-:-)
€j €r1rr-[opt
1-i
Arttu tt cLa a,aL i dr-t.1a enretopr
""q.
=eg.' Osti(Cctttbru a,rq drri +o sin (t^loh * d) '
c
{5=
oo
q*, =47
5&lita'ty ,Y Tot,ran rt k ><./o 0
ts = j,E#J
!
f1torr
i
tl l.-cr
q f'
eo
o
€ss :
.-- -.. ---.
0rrrl €Ct) = g
t+,o
fr**z1bort-|oarnulo.l1hjutetoutc{trfl.td{o,unc(.rctc,mP.ds.jrtern
c.l tth {kp Rcayonre crz*. ra{.,.ct n{ll
for Io< ;
Bctt *hu, {ormuro, dru und.orrnplol q c,r{trtco-l darnpedl
.rrorr.d- f"
skP Rqporu( ,rXrlrmr o",F<==i} i
i
:+
t?= ,"Ir. ,
t^)nJFq; :' rlp=;4rlrr*
(.
0<6<l
€.6f .
=) dA,lr, tp t
+ 0scitt atrbru ll,
+ slobtrf tg f CR mEon trqns(rnts drcrecrjq4)
t*,rlr CIIrqt a pD contnoilu dou,
Tt {\u ,, .. Sta}itft *4r\
I
,L-iiL-;.:...--=t-.'!:..r-::..-;,,:.::ii;'.ii:L:-{;a.*7{+;{.*nai*'!:;:.;--..;-.-:.--...--.,.-..-....-.....'...,-.-...
t- - _ : ,r..
-5rO
o E6
T
5 - Pr = -€rurr tton{6{? I =
o n*
-YL_ - &un -LonJEr-, 9 r) =
i-Q*r-.^I,J4IJ
,{rr., A LarXtet ttme .nrst ho'',,-to be 66v5i(ertd"
:" 1l ,
ess = t+^
.0r"m eCt)
S+o
It ;(t9 H(sJ
.
g9 = .l ._ c'lC\G
*
l+y-g{ =
Cry
R(5) Irsr ,+0 H l* Gr '
-=2
rd nothr"ng
q
mtntrbne d -[qke H= t
(^
| -:- Crf'
i-1Qpt -t
C'rH (s) *l :I
= ,frsr*y sr
QCct fifs) * t- . oPtn toop fr.{x.
ST
-{ $t ordu sXsttr"n
p )nd oy,Ctr sgstern -
=
trn'
ftc'; St+>E,,rrsttli
G Hfs) = t trl=
s! rqur, stWyry*
(c9 H(c) r
: ,d" ,
= optrtool T'F
sar'
.Lc_;t.lns t1 JrlJ olciu
. tr Zsr
s+0
It urnl
sCs+ Zltiln)
€.s = s+o
-Q-frn
tb'
6+ t l-1:
sf 2e trlyr
Css = >q
Lt) tt
fut Paro'bo Uc tlr -
l/s3
€sc = -A-."11.I
.s,
S+o
It ,t*/ s(st rQu:,,)
But c.lhrn LLrr .fue{ t+Peol qt RCsJ. *htn Gft) 11$ lrtpt comhnL:
+ ,A.n: e|[rot "{ Gk) Hcs) *o br iqmorom Conct"clu R(i] J roruhn}.
LE
Ffldasgstera-o
. onrg {or oprn loop
troni{er.fn. Qd oltrn [aop eXcFrn,
-*- lh, no,
(t r,
4 foks 0t orrqtn ( a sgstrrn f'. ocr.!.t, d \ l, "i oft r,
Ordtr-o{ o sHstrr4 *
' fu;; g, {rr A ols.o .ior
[o.,rp (foster. mop eg*f qrn" '
*.\
' lhr lo'o-+ polts [n fh, sustem, \
.ps *+ 4'lt'r
opl\tng
ficdboc! porit-foo ,Lony. "{ potu b.ino.o{ putu
doen not ,hnr'Xu thuu ordtt
& <nccl {or 0 LrF ar tutf(or CLTF.
Eut tX Rt on dr'|fnrd Jo, oLTF o\"(gro< locat(.or -&.fer,d. r..orfqtn).i
\
*+ Q tsl t-t(s)
Ord tr
'<---_
.t
5rr L
i
l .-1
3
sz Csr r) I
*t_ 3 3
g3
tr
I Th* tgp. no, of stondcuc{. fut 4 }qd o'tc{er ssstem - J- .
'g ,,s* t{ -EPe
= ?
.Sn+'Jst t3
lu 0r.[au-tt TT n closeol 0oop IF-
d LrF
oo, -f rts:[ .fdn o
, tQke ur,ty fttct b o.tk H=1
c1(s)H(s)
60
= G+qJ s+rl
(?'rs r r3J -Cs+ ul s"t6stg
C
al
15P( = (
( n[e) = le
jcs+r{ i JI
=
Ir 16 .qs s [s+H rt6oJ IEP,-E
S C(+t{)
SCs+r{)
TXlt = |
f-|trt ur( connot br,eok .lht path r+E Begru e ft "i n"t
S(stq1
le il
t:
sCs+ulf te (os-g
g Lt g[re4 G: to
ti
SCst.;
& fi= sCsr>) ,l
lo(s+u).
y(s+r) . -
r) ." I ', Jr' -_Y-'
CJ+ t
D$ Hrj Bk,n 'i?.,n Jr
'I I (
:
(.
I
I
a\rz\t3:1.-..
iJ!.'. \
n ho
LSS: s' R (s1
Jaom
f s+o j+0fe) Hir)
; €es- f lnq, 6trt Hesl] l'
)
x ,l
r'
;
x \-..
:
I
Tgpe * c:
I
Sg"€, :
(
QCs)Hte) = K Ls+<,lj *_ -
t:,.
i.
i.
'
[stprJr---
:
{ t-
J @
s
)f st-
O Vst
(,
+&m {xLk esr- sxl/sl
fss
S+o K (s+<,) t -
'LfrY1
soo jfi cslalal
-Grp,x *
@ ;...
i
a.
t?t)a---
= -Qr"a .t
S+o stshU
Lfrr (tqntl,
J+o
*---O-
: a,l
Jess
I -.?-..-.--]-?.,Kffi
I
t
t i Sfqnrrl t1p. = sgsltrn tgpt + 1
L
( , =) $in ik eYror o
.l xA IxB .l*c '
t ( )
\-ss
s g3
L
iii,.*,rri tgpt sqsttrn ttlpt t: sa
' :) .o ( IyoT
{ T-o -llff ,r3 &
{-
S fqn
( oI trl
""
pr S Sgsttrn tU p, ItKr
-LxB-
i, * I{ T-1" o a3
.
stlstern Ccrn per{ot-nr kv
rhtn
:', -f:-'t;ninrnx
.I , r,1
, . ,,
,itl'oi ?osihh rl
"i:*}
f
ctJ TL J_xc
Vn
-, :'''' ir fl
*'"+ .r-tithu " {to'tKfn. ,
{.1$e sqrtt, Xril t hnue r-3 o o o
I(: *0, totorl 1-g p1 gfqncr_t r ,
/a
t,
€) frn chrsion -
-,
€2
r{ \p. t =+ es' S but stobiuttr *r*.
€ --> f C tV pe t + erc{e r &f ateril dn 1se,,
€)' =) orcittolron frrr'
C !: + Sfo b'f Lit"{ r}stl
e'a-+ B,rt q
*
q-) I orctt,.
"--.-- tsu-
rJw tt doeo not rn(c(n tho{ tH?t 1su.
v
/ cccrt 6ieq
J-
€sc =o X But thi, ll
p
LOTono
{ Y
.". Houl to eto ? v
sqrttrn ti I
f Yt !1 ep ptu'rab1e,
"df{
-) sL+to=o
9,U= Io I
*',"T,:-";:T;,
M-
c -. .- - -:-,- -::. >::-r++:--+i.1insiEtffi
o 2?
a' l^r
() Q Hts) = lo
o' sa(s+l l
o' 4:* t
gts) = S3+st+ lo:o
; Gns'loblr
o ( /.ess e l.rot drJtn,Cl.
o,
E GHcs) = loCs+t)
d eI r vctoti\ ill
o{ sa (s+ z)
'fen {o.r .
O, Aq ole'I
k"r * s5+zs"+los+ lo = o
.-
O (:,,,
i stoUte
Hu< syttrn i, rrool'.t"r{ *teo..\ ft"},'
L
oo g,
ai p
I
a{ J! J_-
5)- --t
*:-
ess = ? con br {ind .
a'
a"t; murtf "/p sg,h*-
lo,
{1
{<;
te;
1C
f-l i.
d! Htrr s uperf os il-fon thtoo,m ri." not cr 1tp t-fcobtt 0"" (rm{ s\ncrfu onr
o frlitrncL( srrXnolr l.
Lc, sPr ; alptuocobtc on\ ior eurteunul riqncr_tr .
_g
E,
Ltr fr,(:J :- Br - R Cr
{;
==i.:: -- --
-
":'::+..W.EX:t-ii:-f.fr ffi ffi
cl
"Tttt xloul Ld(
hor, consfdted on\ J elerntnk -i Qnq sqrttrn .->
i'g Rerfdin, caforfdn & osrtttjo"X.
Bu$ Noui ore wilt .trc th, t{furt -l 4 Hr thrntnL [.r dtod ffrnt Y
(ttrntnt v
v
&Ip.f1.t!, det I a(ed tfme (o"rJ fhort .Qo \,
ICme dornorn F,!
t49".n.t_eo-*
t -to
Cctelctgj Phnr, nrrq CR,'qht ehitr,ul
L-r to
------ Phar, {to-c{- ((.tt rt.,t*t.U.t
e(t)
,Coru idertd ,
""t ,fooc"ol hfme d,mtnt
o'
yrut
v
+[4_,s,,r
v
lt
t,
$6 gCttbo) = T[xttlJ v
(or) {i v
Urt) - T[*(t-to)] Y
+
Colsfdrr Unit .1ranrfcrra v
l-T v
,to
cg ' -sto
I(r) e"" = x Co.l Ytg = l(9 t v
v
Yfs) o- Sto
*o '+o' .ldt.
I.
X{s
TF or\ duu v
- v
P
-
-_sh
oe C
ItsT -; r,'{d r* o'delu sgrhrn har.'+o' d-dcrv ..v
v
Y
)
:Y
!
^1_
wrt
lc."b | = l'1 - 1-
/ Jurto
/-( = += - t:to ltool
- wta x -Lq o"
1T
= * d-7.3"urto I
Thtu .Bue {6 Jronrpo{tcr-l,0n detoq *h.r, toitl not b , on,4 e$$.t
0n Moqnitc.ol,
q- . [Xp dtptnclr on i''totnltttdt ]
orq Phct. uritt ,n,P{l bt ai{t.tta[ ,V ftopoxleilc't"q deeq "
sgcttrn,
i.t f'1atnitucL -+ (orrqf
.:
4 Phtr r -, lfntar $rr'
uf,.
"+
sR o-{ sLcL lst srdtr (qttrrir '
-+ trlithoul- Ttonrgoficttfon ctttog
+, t0{ifh TfaruportaHrn drtcx-g
t
SR a{ std >nal oTder sgsttrn (o<Q<t)
('.:
.+Noh -
J.
oaEr
to"t,i ct"t-og tr,"tp, ts aLr t:?1 lr.r,are,
Oue
B u$ Yy lt rn &r1^, .ro rn t
-> bco< Fn En ituak frfl. tt
' -i
o'o -tA-o-
€e s = fl? *. C ) , ,l'- * .oo css' is not rtu-re to ttonrlo4otltn dtlo5.
-> fnspitr d * ro fiedb a& sryttrn' can bcoorne unctoblt { }hu.
-& flrfl, {ronr pofrctcor d&cX I tAar. to-q ot hqh figu'n H.
C- (nrg = sCstr;
3
&q
Sr,L
= --2i"[h=ii
2
- Sr,r: _ lJ,lTr_
'SH rttrn f, 6l crbtr
{--rr fecduoth)
Afo ur coytsiclu scrmr sg slern -+ (ctin , fo l. locol fcnn {ro5 ft^in &:trNr
P,t
Jt.tlt * uni+s C **:,
:'.. . l-}-_r.77--.-----.::--.=--- :
',.,'j=a.;v!.42:!W,tZ_)?Z:?...a:=tai.=-a.=:?3ffi !fi ns8s8q
ffi
z. l
3
oe qH(s) = 3. d,- tr (l-)s)
.3 Le, = r- *'f '
S;,,L" * ,l
J)5 n
\-^ t
Unsto blc
4 [tve{
{ cttotrnrnt cfuptnctl oT) amt' "{ a.tog
't "
ttLt -I .t.
(+" \t
rpl tol r. e I r, tt- , cunsL{o"rn I
JO L
-Lo
[s+:)
*-\ (={c !d,
d (-f +,)
G. *:) frs+ ! T= tlrne conston
Ex - loo
-t.n,
s ftos +r] * conrtont -f**
-> t8'ne roz,stont f*^"+ -h. ?o*fu {rr. thr
,3 corretont pa^t
"f
a*.r -fin fte folu & {."0s" rn urt be erlcto[ f6 1.
{rnitt folct \ <tos rnearr( thr lu & {uos th o.t o^r ha.r dt*}.
fo
hr o-t
"q
PGf,"-
, ., , ,:Crrttts)
st
(
:-?
Gt f*'n 0tntrqltzeol fnonnu (
I
\1.
Gts) Hfs) :S+tj optt.{ooP T.F
J"+s+t - (s+r;
=-
'gz
J+|, I tgpr-z :
$afq -)
:
oo OPen toop (s+r2
! s1
bco^ ti^. ;"'td*"'
TF =, (S+q)
jfua OLBc go..n,
:
s'+ Js ru i
!-
:
i 1"-
4".
i-
T. 'J
I-
€s
- T'r4=
Tf _(5*q) = =9g['t/uo,)
\- \- ,.'-' 13) ,3
(sirs+13)
G"rs+ r s + t'1
,3/-t-r'nrs+r\
/_L.'n /ftl .r_
.1.-r^.. I
i lra _ , 1T-,
ur ) 1__5 +f Stt )
13
\- lt3 t3 ./
i,
\- +h3 + K Cor?d") Ccr_>c ?c.inJ
\' , -+ -To
{ind ol0C Qain {.nd oLTF
\-..
\- t
. 6 H(s)
' S+q
= .1.- s+9
=
s+'ts+13-(s+u'1 s\es+g
\- t:,i
("/rn
( lol
! )Jl*
{
\_ _ =@
(,, 0 LBC gain =
oLBc
$*n
p - #::
s+o "-::, \ *-
=@
L- (, she s +9
\- {.
r _{
'r".1., = r_
t)
-' . ,'. - r] , I {x \o
€ss .- 1o -S
.€Js =- s
,v ; CHfs; =
! 0 *_, =&(tvrog
tfp = tafs
\6i
\v srr Uj
esJ - .-
!-llo
: fi I KP=rI
(si =
I e ' "/, =O eau-ru- 61
.A i.
CtrTIP
"r. Fsg=l
-> IF= .t^lr,' std. 2l'td otdrr sglkm (,:
s? tG t ns t rrl,l ]
= utAn { O I tq otrr
rc'- 2€sS -,+ t)
f*r " o=,
+ Et'ror Can be +y?, -yr ov /<16. Tls (o4{16llsy,r aqtto c{o tt ||nr.
-3.
+ Bui rfa flort -d, .Ituncr fu be
i
l--
EtslSnificc,nt
L-}] :
x'lo o
e){
r{ lt
&
x J"u'" s+5 ttvco [131nn{itont &rn^
\,, t 'o'
i' TF= *5.
Io I s G-il) (s'-{s+r
X x -f -ir.7"
)
T,rI
fr ^
=
th ra ) st+s+
xx *h. t€*,
t
GtnU]
v.=-/
+ Sfgn$'*nt raoL conrept r3 apprrcoble *o rorutqnt do.*
-{
trqn$tr fn. buf not +o
folt_<t,o ffiTn
-> :L+ the insiXn,fttqnt
fotr A U*nr,nqt(d frorn thr rF of #fu
tr:tn' th'n it ,i
'ionriot
& IF -- loo
tr,, Cr-*, { rnd ,for r"/" fultranre =
-ts
?.
{q"
t ('%) = t'rot apf'a-f<obl( [tk
fw trnclrtcto"aftc0 s,flfrr'n)
xr-'
' Bu.i- qi"t,1n 6, orudoy,{fle d froo h a^r xa{ } u^tfiocrlJ
l
.i;.;ai::::::::E:"*:. : ;-. .. .
":2=1-1:a:-7f...:f .*"!aa.-.a..:'4f|::a:-.'':'
\: !-
i' r, ,& loccu
T:- L ,|
€ensitflrt\ -
o
Stnsi.ti'fH ,& *h, guanfifat(r( rntcrttrx o{ orno.^rt o$chsnV trr
-fh, oytroXl htrlon(e- *t fh, stpfrrn ul"r.t f,o rhorq. fn ik 1::'r
Iorai*rritrs.
*-> .S ensitfr\ 11,gI. e sHTtrry 1.", shsf €
-\-
a ,* T
bx * Sensftiri\ "{ a .sgrttrn T' uJ.r't yororn.tr.'}.',
qT : 6r
"k l
_K
E
:
l,sT k fr I
1".R.- Jr'+--i
I r oKt
k o poromtttt
r+ K t , rl {htn Jtn sitt'r?fq .03. +'e ( ffh, + rt stole)
-+ rJ k \, ,. T1 *h,r\ rrruq?+eti\ i -ve (.tikt -vrstqflt)
F\
:
0trr I =qH
Ctrp TL 6_
Itcrn
Y l-r
sr=
dtn #, $(,,',r
t,h(8/ -
:
=
wi7 !_
yb ,tnsih+t
iv
I
:.
:
:-
-':,,],:
tJ L,l L,
-t(_ 'G ETr,'
\T'--:
i, sG
i/
i d-,
=---6-' q\
"ft( Fcu )
da
{ ,-rGH
i - t,*4 l1r*{r-(,b{l
1 ,
L [HcH'1rr-t )
'1 :-
6:: +a
;( I /
( ,
/ ry
-:-
',t/
+ JenriJ {rilq
'r
(r /1
fou tve feecibo,i..
Il<_._=--_-------i
f;
I -T
{i I u = J-
S;' f"' -"J
Sensi+iriltl 1su
-l "oo
cr- stlsttm r^rith +tt{tt,l
;. \ @{t bot( 0,tr rnorr Unrhb\,
i' \
{ [ P.o -\ -h,n oL syltmr,
(: \ <; -l-e [€'dl=tl"
n12
{: 5H = -H.. {T}
{' T2-
lL 6H
Ofl
*.1-r"
.#' -ffiff&",
-S ( tt{,. ^/
)= #-w'L!i*#:l
=
E
e
SI:-
-H -- GH
Lttrr', \rv' -t yr
CFo, r\ {tqa(oo,h)
t((t\DLr(n/
# cT-,
.L), : +ye I
Y l -.-L.
e
^C crr
Sn'- --n, J I 0..
Tht r r^,ritt
'r
A
roo/k to I
Concr{. ecitfi ojhu's t{ft.t
C tt
1€
-.:,-.,-o-.::--ri-??i_2ffi
ffi
rr\r*rs
dgsv
(:: ;
b.tn,p m.nhon irc..[ & e,l.oirlq* lu,lt(nu
d - --____>
Llertvf co-{
,St"Lf
u ? llp t alp rar-iabtq
yir-a.o U t/J Att y, r
04? Lttotrfqo-I drrfre hA", 3 bo-dr h0p,4y (,nq
ottrirtl
R, L,
s-is{ot
Re o
Y= rff
^
Cqpo.r trnr r r v- lCl^rr-
o ' '. lf.-'- t' TJ'w
,i (
Indaotlr, --r-rr;- r ._ Lct)6U
-lTqnrtatronCI.J
Rotott"oRoJ
Llinec., c[&
1latrrn,n t) C,qn{orto.{ Afr,P.)
$P ranfabt.
-> Forte tA) ?/1 radabk *) TcnCL(( CL)
alr tt
J xr\),o- "/t rr -) d,dr{
f FoP,4iu-, xlcru,{rr,tt,,oa 4 sttffntu + fhr rnqi*.fri c{uc#b.
-rh' rnttfionfccr-I
lrouu €c,rnpldd$ [ sf,nitcLr fu R, Ldcl,
@ C,f Xoq
- RotcdflorrclL
1_---->
Cil fne(io"
A f_t Fo(a
--ruJ F=\
l-+Y
c: f drd
i-
;
i!
l
&1.
:':.:a.: :, -':: ::: :;.:,,::::.". -
:.::_:.:: '"L-,i)='..-l'.1!-;,1233;
/11-
-))
e f)G1'',Pe^;
G!
,att-
t-'
+ f er objett & rnorrr.l
(
{r
(',
=)
r_el
@, sP'rh?
€:
"-ro^aar--" F c( ,r
f,-'r
{_rt
(l
t: -ostalt cl eq.'it-ib vfurg
QrJ Soun dory eoldjtron
T- r----------------T
L)
i,
surn -{ "u -fu*: eo+fn{ cn tht obfrtf _= {r.to
[-)
*
' Lor)
&
'9ttrn
"f irrlrrl n-L -forc er 5 c,rm -J q r.{qn aI {onu
Vr-
C f
."trt
Y -'rl vf \ i1-,Ht \,rc-f t/yL: o
\--..J (..----\=-J
& cxltrncd int(tnctl
e;
s F .- I,tr.l\
_.1-
$ ctt L
,
Jdr
-
oL1
n kN C f]ta*laffo no|)
€3
L= Jdtco JJ c(d
s .Ur -_'lF
c[-r
ko -- @ (r(rtcrfi'o"n o.lJ
-'t
#
-
.i
v L c{-i"
e ._-+
Rit
f! ctf '
iJr*
s I: C.tv v
e
l-,{
ct{ -+
It t "[*u
o fu rno,k. t1 )ncL oo-c{tn hlflate '. -
{: (qD
ei
i = c{ Xl*t \ Y'{4
m
[imd.)
C :) Y= L citar
G &t * ^k* !+ -@
e
@*H+z,Z+:-:;Fi--t:,-t:.):l - ..ra':Y-!-i aatf.a a : r)ra. : | - )
r=cfft iff|r+b --€l,
C lO Fo,ct - vott.li flno-[oq1 t_.
O lA futce * r Ano-oogr
IJ echon fro.l sgrttrn E-lertn€coue. rjrkrn
Irons[ah'on aI RotoHon al f-r f-r
F 'L- { \f l.
N/l
!l
\,:. L c
,J r
1 R Vn ('
\) Lr) :t Y
K K t/ r- {
/c-
i
cq
"> fr
n'
J LorJ s Gr)> orcrornt
Sucd
t l- v" = p-5
"J
--t Jn ili?h'r crdrrr
J*,1 ,at,h{'th,,t ?Lrt rtabr, 'aXeeef^1
(
Pok
. <e-@ plot fr hror eqoqfr rhox dnlur& aM xpurrco{, fincl
1 i
flno-{x sfs
$e. lfll, et ard,u ri afu o tymll, r *r 0 t-o< .,rf t I
}-r
t^i g ch- .L i
t-:
t..'
-
i I
i
Bql!ryb e-
3
&r!,
c
OLTP. :l -
T1- L(rn\=
I ' --L + 2 ': -li:]:-!- ?s+t (o.i"utt -r1 u cLTF.l
i'3'
I
Stl 1s+t1a ts+ r) > ( s+r1" o
,
j:
e
.'. : G1l-lrs) =- 15{=-- : ?s+l
OLT E
g"+ 2(" \_>s-ti
\ s). e
a'
+
a
s{?t
[$ :o= {t-lo8')u({):Q
a (se) o[tu i]) x
I
-4,- -? -x
01
=
1
c
, €-.
d tser If = loeluUt 95(lr
ai: I
-[* -
--\9 .q -
S+l
l'qs
s+t
r 6
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l-
Yb'
\J
; fleceirayX L sufficf,nt that c!.L{- th, e{-trntnts q 1* cotumn ''i
i Roc.th orra4 rr.rt-rst Lou, scm( siqn. ffn, roto "4 notlth errcL5
i
{ *+ r{ +h,',
,a A L, siqn
.er( ^ .hongu
-pn ,,^",*hr sqrtmn
-l^ ^- ^ ^. theq +0, i
'L Lr n cto b1t { }h. no,
t z\ -
fton t.
(-
- -> Polu con ifr orr )rncrgin onl oraj ,"t{ S" Pr ., of i.outfi oot
ri (
h*usfu fnto ..-Q*Q-.;l rilmunt, nr,ri*rron.idmot6ittrue;
g 9/tl = s! + 0 s3 + lB s,+ l6s rfSl-= o
{' ,A
- ;.
},e.4lco-ef|t,ttnlsc[^.fno,.I,.l,iItl,.*,o..
condn.scrffr/r,.ol
{ NOTE
,.\-_-?
t ,
_Lt K
+)
=$ +vc
fiedbooh (K _,1 *"g
s\*5s3t sf+qs
a+ C<)
()
4rr -frtotbock (kflr -Yr)
>5
il K<o for.) R7 T " Unsto ble .
25
-\ ri ..+l "-+ K fs, ?r,) ?i -f so fh.n C L silftem => no <u$s
I+ R ,3 *.*+ -{ o$u *hon ro rkr ortt) -> xor.os do <'<fft -
-l - - - -:
-"1=.>:-::.'==:=xgff
\,tC ,
' /-'-
fn clbore eu utro" ifnd concl"' { u*,6116}ioa' '0x t'.g'4 ottittofio'r
-*,.i r: ndo mp.cl sgshrn .
I ^- ,*tzQLo4s4d =o
'J U' t,nd.orrl gtd
'Ihi t^ritl lirrrT 5,
egn, be
sL+d-o st l. s] ,o., -t to cr ffi qff &r{
j" coeffl .f d = ,
C
(*, -uo)f,,1, = o
".Fen.ra+:,
:i :Tli, Concl.iHon for osu.t(oto\y Qrl r$nsyte"n
.uno{onnltot bn0.ariour.
con b, o btorhud *r, s{ -f Rourh or".t + f"+- 4
Osci((alrhny
"o-,
(.rn) can be o 6tcrh.ol frrm tL totxi .
g
:
v
Tht .gchrn & *o be u_red or on ocrtLtotot .dflrnr th. conotn. I
{*,q' q ocril(o*fo.n, , Lt1 = str 2r3+ Bs"+ ,r*i - o
s'1 I 3x
l-) 2_ L
J?- 2 K
4.Llt =o
€9 'brlc{n'
"f Os citlo#crn ,
t &st+ h= o
"ts'fS = o SL=-f
E-ar-,--t
bh =l {t'f'r.flrq
t.
:q
i
l$
?(s) = s1+ ari zsttr Ks tk
r fu+r@A.)
=, s3+ cts-rQ+kJ s+ q+fJ
=u
s3 L (,.,
G+<l
sL a- 0+t )' *( c*t(t*r ) -- s
lt a (>+k) - Ct+t<)._A
It(
a -r, -\
-)
so P+x_r
0+x )
{
'2+ ).-
=@&
\glutrg
g ofen [ropt".fn. -f * st4rttm ,,1
-ts- . 4nia
s+2
*ht ctored r oo p po te +o ,Ife *o' fh. .(.&4
_4$ Corur"ctt^ S_ plane
I
\rL'c gls) = s+r+k z-s c) u'i'gt'-l to,o)
I
1." \=.-9 S
t-1 +{^,t1. ,Ll$ "fr useo}
=o'
I d{ h:n: ol lq +"
1 l@s'o l
I . (o[fn o,4
o{
:5ra) Co,o )
Br* t^r< nted lD
ffn.t ,t.tt "d sc -{
tr t ori#n (-e,r)
v
,o, d T'($ --1,
l1n
,,dk fit,trylfcr{a_,
, fi1,l R =!
:
q1 _
I
S= -5 ;7 s+S -- 4.
'o' s: f;-5
iJa)= i-S+>rk=o
?(a) = ir *3 o o"iqin (-s,o)
= -, [<
3' Ir
I
3o lx-s
I :. k.3>o =) l'x;sl jlr
=) fot sqrtsrn Lc, be stuble ela po\tx chould
-{-ter.lo l.pt *{ (=5 *d,
--> ni i o.n-
a ]uer{foa -+ R.lcrliy, stabidt "+ a sryttrn. ]}urr fu ute
f.
h.l*'l h
+ S=S_I '"
.": .--=-
<o 3o 6-
)-(l
t
*
qr.t,
"L-+ = l+ CCe)Hts)-fvr.f U;
!.ts) = l- &trl HCr? = o (+r. {6f
origln (or o) b-dqtn to, t)
"Bul
(lts) H Cs)
= C-1, o1 (HCs)
= Cr,o1
JIur orfgin oPtn frcruft tn -&Cr,oJ,
"l Qoop
*.x l+ 6t9 nts) !- o) ?
^ 6,,
.L G(sl n(s) = (-r,r) J $t* " (tortel toof stcroitiru )
{ t-rr.rtgnrel=(-+,o)) "
a.tt.)vtro --
glvu ofen l-oop'li ^ ^: t\ilu,,,',
slabtti\
ol
C;,'r"r' J .)
s.aPim ttQrlq
-
0 l-ots)Hcc)
- &,r)I (torrotroof tt€rb?tfq
L_J," t \
rchts).= Q,o)
.) t $0, 1re ftrolbcull. ,
= lr-o
SfS9+ lssj+ 85sn+ rrs s,r>ttr / )
t--
{tt Ptq = *tt tEs3+ orr\2)ssrzr y
sJ | 0s )ly
s3 15 )>5
s1_
fir po lt of ariq8n 6-t, o1
it-(.
!.@ po lu fqfi *iq., CJ,o1
5) 1rL
\{, *.1
+rt
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:'a.,::1-i.!{iM-W
q8
-4C t
;.
() ^ lr !
corsrntrlt,on sfotiifil
9.i$ = sr+ S1+ 2s'+, $s *^15, = o Y
l* .t-r )
L 238
st t S rs
s' ct
o -12
0nttabt'
J F
I
sl
s0
No;r "
".s
S, Rout6 4*0{ in an{ Ror,-t
Jrl tn rohtth thu, i otltart !
I'lnrr".*n,- tltnrtnt
, ,T Ln{ tltmtn[ i <uo @, -Y( *htn st'fl
ch"ngu Gtu Quorantrd bt tout th at voqr, fltnte the egotem ;1
unstnirlt"
-\f
^q Ir l5
Lf"n
^u
c3 G *lL
Lrro
n
J 2Ct+lL rc
IJ
LL ql
^t
(,lua- rur{ - rsa\/ 2a* r,
t=9(-r>;'rsa - L\a-ltltt, hl
I
so J o*lt-- I
,5 I
'i. i
'l
Notn ^d
Pt't ,Ltrn I
-t
CI+o I
I
i
t'
I I
l0
t
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s3 I
J1
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I^l
I
'
JO Its I--)
\.t:_.-"-(
Trn= o-
=J_n jlrlo!!,_
5
:]i-.:-=+:a;:-':t;Z+:1'3'.riii
i t-iethod
._ -1 "f !orn( prcb1tm
L
I Yt I i':P{1, fiosttq bLrt noL 4 tuu cqr i
(
,55 l5 2 4,
L,Jyit( co"|-f,ncftn*e
SY
*ora part flouxr h
3 2 t {.fqh ((tn,nc. ra$
"t .
I
s3 -8 -+ L=3 ,
eL )/v I rrn =o (...,;
+( *l( -> TTL[{ ptoceotrtrr dc,er not ,uo",4t, f+ co,|ffcit4ts a^r e4uor
Qtl f obhdrornr.
sl 5r. =-3 o1
-,,o ^\
3o sl 7lg / Dttfi tLoo6
S0
,L *, m, thod
*[ (=z
L- |
gr I. -3 &n -o
{-fnn g'l- aat o
3
).
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nl
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q IUn stou 1.J
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A(s)
t;.
Gla'J (s'1 b") = o
,
^'d
5"'o S'-) O
a (
Aa
6 poltr sqmrn"t"f.
h dqin + ss, s,,,f _, o
-t
0 " ,, . , tt j+ S*l,Ca,r*
I
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I r q rlu
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r0r (;; rL.
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e nb.j,
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tolt,
#. dsl+2,{sf
.'.
t'I'
ir
o
t;
DO
r(
RoCI, -? Jyrtenr Con
c,rhich
c.3E gL 6 r( s*q&tt (_rt UnSoble
<rr0 Mq sisr
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fff,nga -+ b tnx tylwLlif1v-
to It Wut a'q hot
No P1.r o,
@ n,.h ,{ xLLD
s^ /[Rnr )-
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:::-,,-- ,----.a,.,-,
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'(b
-)
4yuloer d-ltr-.!
[,)_ f!lfj: ".Yi [('-
crl U
-t'"-
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a
de
s1_ J -8
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loo/3
5o
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4,(s )= (!+ l& t
,"n @ s,d.
c,(nca
2, 4 polu cr-rr syrnrn,
._
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Sqrnrn.
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i
s3
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h
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rl Ilrn s2
j ;.tr rCtl = Ja+ I
xot
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n = trEl
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.
ctS
._ oc
,) - + fufrt@
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4tr1 = sa+l rsrnrn.folu
d AC$ 9(
IT;rj@
ets Iunstqut, t
L:z
Im:z
R:> io Bco<
*,^
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d.our"
s_,,gr\
4"-rO
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s3 l-j_
L
fi?.t) = -2s tt- l$rn &ngr
c{ RCsl
z ..Lts ) st -rl L
dr
I 3D
i.:
L=L
Ttn =-o
(=-
'n. Pol,
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Foiltbook cA-+
dr 6
,_ U
!
s3 I'*
ti
s-
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sr I^--,
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n -. /h
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cl
I 4-?r'
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lt at15 >o
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i
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i
' n ,ongq_iifon
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v
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u
.. .-,_._.!!.!'-j*.n'&:.1-i/..#:i&- iz:ElE
I
.&1 '
L^
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Lr
S (a+r)1 sC> + K) r Q+ R_) -Q
s1_
Gu,J ft<+r )
sr Lk tn-.1
f.'.,
so
oo & R+z>o
o
oo
=n9
q
T.0' Jt ,ol con.in. "4 ,Htffi*' or roLrl = o
!
K+ t- =o \i
i
.l- I .. r
l'K;:rl t
t for "j."{
o
or.rltac*huc.n sLyoi^r
"t =-rr
'
: '- f La+r; 1 e-r1 ='o ' I
socatr) + [+1 ro I
s=tf t-
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= +z (
l:
j---
l, .)
. l<J
uct+, -l
I -'. -
'A
q+t
4q+ k ...( -.
=e
. ct: -3/rr = -0,')J'
,,:.-,
li r,
Gtr,l'
9ts1
+ tt (t+ K) -- c-)
l
at^
S
sl 4 C r-r<)
@ -v"|tobadt .
:v
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ftr+K)
i
i:+:a-a-a::a::-::.r;inidi;z:;i-;:..-:-:
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e. 4Ct-xl Yr o
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I
l-....
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(-'
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i=-
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o h<o
t. & 4 (r+r) ?o
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t.
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oO o7 R>-t sgcttrn -& (ablr
(;
Grl
f,: a<*K < L
# :-:
Cr .O]ron.,,en{for,Gl
{r +('x + Tokr on{ ?lp , Gr{" olp - q.Crl r,rilt trr untq,trt.
i
{,
(-.
oo
c
j(s) =
.
t ?(,t H(e)
'o
)
q.-,
J
C. = Lnl,fpsrk;\/to \_^
@ ?&) = s3+ so+
€o.lirrl r'o lo t(s = 6
@
@ -s) I so r tokp
s+ t.
lokr >o
\v
s" L
@
(l -:o+ t-ohp - to k r
tokg
Err-] ; o 1l<r1n
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G
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6)
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For Do A dfo .
!ii!:::=:j::.::j::.::::j<- . .:...
@eit cqqi, b. ffn ol t{ tltt * ft 's+nut^
*ql'tgi',n
g co4o[ t^r ltt be uX @
e q/-'\ = It Btr) k
s Cstt) (s+u)'
-a
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la (:r+ K)
1-
s 31{-3)-K /l<
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t*#,(s:+x1-
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n I
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e tlrr^
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ei
o
ot ol < l.a't -+ (,r_ieng in Ra"q*1
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.
ROOf ' LOCUS TECHNt&Ur _
Ld,R.Evan
.o.-lrno*fr!
: RooL .[occtt f(
a groThfccl- {echniyr. +hc^f cltalt u-.,tth
th, toccd Con + fht q
roo[r C .h4", eqn cLr a furrhoor, -{
o} fh, ^,
forornrfcx -f fA, rye tf r4 , uu ua-{.Q =lh e of ,n loo y Cufn 'k'
f&a-itcl Jrom 0 to ao.
l( i a--> * ? Rooliocru diaXrorn Csingl, farorntt4
i'., i
(o" &'npt'-.nty
_kio+oo i y Root torurdfaftam
f+rrlrecrback]
J
-f (o'nPlt
m,n to'{ Rool locr*- 0iq"cr m' (Rr-DJ rt th, pro{ toeu-, afap*,,
abtcrfnrc[.
f] a iyilrni ff.*,r,.t {"r F..ib.irh,
r+)t \
5/
.rn n., op,n toop.
{rorut* "ln L tr..ol I uoe ntrd no' to
o
chctny odqt?t" c-i, o), slfrr
tt c^ritl tot{,Fht starfdo} 4
( torcot foop s jlkrn
?cs) = ---- !
=-O
st (c+ p,) - -. .
str€Er ?i - -- 1 6(s+<r )
?Qtx + -O
o 5t(s+ pt)-- -
ao
,- 0frn bof Ful,
t
= ,(*fr rJ +q Qortd tooy lolu CcrP)
l
t
t
,.'- Th,ft fl thr )tGro?i fararneLer thor,oi .& Oltn Q,oopC.o?, 'k"'
( I
_{
d ; ls K yari(c{ f'om k=o to K= ao t-.le aN |,frfmq 'f""n oftn toof
-L; lolt" *o optn l*? <r^or 4 -T}.ot & Roo! [oeuJ ' dfolro!.
t'
1_ .;
a
Sto il.."l-u -{ ctplrrn
U ot rrtD o"H +orn o "to oo
o^:? r I
:, h: 0 --> p<:
: UO
qJ
o< K{,o
C'; C.LP
f',
e) Otl t.n y.nhton
+---> o.L ch-s uog
{',
\-
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ordu T'F
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r-s+
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f'r
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At
q:..
I
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tr, .at , folt = -1
-e 6lncl. k= o /
-Z *crP* -l
I
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=- S5
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at k=o
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l-t
t LT
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i
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I k=o
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a
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r t
6=aYlq,-> raots , o^r e+uo-I ,
X. ).( Ai ,-?, t'fi,i,1.'-Li+-l*+ tpq\rr
1 '.,
-> o.( < ale + orttd'ornfe o[
,< &1- -+ 'uootS xoJ[ !, uneXucd
q
->
tl u t oo -> toots o^( cornlt,tr" coniqatc + sn{u{orn }ml
k=*-.,* undorn?ed
u=
*)=."
+Ld t CCin afuo $tncl t",tp . tr , fflp rtc for r-rncludorrrfecl stptern
Y0rA RfO. ": j' ".r'-
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4 4Jt^l
k=lo kJcl -+ tr1yl
ctJe q + *,i
con .f dnd .,
6-
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bl( con dlto &^a 6o,h r fvtarli'n a/o,
Xaqflrr Pl.a-tr
A i ., ,
Ga,n ilcirgin gerl o
= Cviffcar
C r"rn 1d"
+ Crrtf c-t g afn K, = $
Xt,n k =) '. dM= 6ft:3
)_ ctnl in dA = )olo93
.1 "lB
"+
i+ Th. anqt, -{ d,po ytute
f"om a "{ ^-'"*n crt a ze"-s)
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ru frl be oo o,. 18 ou Sttn'da of polu & <."o( @'
+
I
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5th t'tot l{1u orl RooL [ociu unstb
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'6 ltr' P-{ n0. o-f, brcnchu t oct t, h.f.i ftX &rA egrrr/i6ter
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a lct H=r (,: ?t fs in ro^1" o<K<a)
:
.C
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1 i+o
{1
q-r
v{
je L,."l I
I
: 1x- tc,-l,P:;)hil[+)
S: -I+j.l
j;:.:i.|i-l:1i;78:*t7i:.,;,i,L
_ ztrnr(j
a ==;,.
o
!
fl.te' tq#(-4 - ' '* tqni," ; ,il1o f, 4*h qr-t-aclrnnt
But tcnj [-*) = - tqn{x f lgo'--+ i" 2n o[ xr-r_odmnt.
r' / r/,,1
/I
I
= -z fo#pr)
'o =
-l+'r"'l :- -, - t",St]
ltg; {:.'l
= - 2x l3S"
..- .-Zyol
/ J Qt+r; ros"
' ; So doet'not .f-rur 0n fQ-o{ lorur, l:. -'
-+ But Hognit,ol,
q conclfl-r"ou-q
:-'- sl,,ou-[d br u-rtd {" &"d r.o.lur "{
K sofrtn ue kno .a +h , ff d po'rnt "{re on Rooltotur.
:
t!
"t
NOTE
"\=--fi*ii, f'lof,.rtk.oto
/1{-, .*oin Cun u. l^-o.o[ ]0 drkrm8.q t:
_i
e,tttencr
I
4 c. point sn thr RL c{-^ec.7vorn 4 actpt<rn, :
,E Grrtg = t1
sf= - s+j4 *l"ql SotntG) .tft on Rrott1t,.a.
Qnuq S>s -3-
& Pfr*, coa aiiion cho.,.o.{
"ir
bt urcel
.
/aw,t
l, :- Io = f(lt+r)l8o'
'
(_s+ r.1
Li
I
= L(- Q-t +jt + rl
Y
'4 Lqn'
(H f tprr,,rou' ,'
s,= '3+t
^o
* .
',:- 'a::,.:,":.::..
K'
{
(S+r-1e
Lr( - : o- 4tanii*t
\.L = -?-ir
-6
r")
=
V J'
-4 Lf tsf,+qr"j
= * 1o-0"---- TLfl ,1 ortd ntuh"ptr{ I
s 4rfil$ =
Ffnd yoi.ru a-f x , of f oint - t+i't t'"'J
S&r+ ls + tL)
q *he { }'t(r4
,(r-., on fi uu '
(qt lHttl I EL
l, /c_
I S(slt7{+ lrr!
I
16o
(on)
Lrl ( coq dtco
do it b{ P*f,(q @
)
.\ (o,-o ) 0r-
Ss
(-3, o)
\6y2LoB ch-s
-/'
Ar --
."- G Ht.st =
,K Cr
SLs+ z1
--sl
+ Kd s(s-rg)
f"n
s(sf3)
/s+n blt \
u. K.^ )
(
+o-
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} I
Co'rre .t wt .+ **"y
+
];F
S+o-
"t
ar I ,*"{
s-o- .l
r*'I
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4-s ) - Cc'a1
, , H'ts) ;
C(
K (r -s)' (*l0h."*r.1
s (s+31
,'P-z=! Surt^J
?e = o"
s (s+-]) .-/ -\
Not: tut- y111fu h &"rn, ,
CR r-l T tu F4 &txl.
-+
,1:,,.]*r**.n dctrql
'q'(orl 4,t .ftrct-rark d..,** +h"
Ctqbft"tq &_!.com lcruo{ au .v<- firol bo-tk.
li
\ I
G er,r .t \'
ti
f{ ctH(s)_ k(s+a)
& flren
a
rhrn
r €tu) (s-tc.y
Rr-o k a ctvcte
4 .-
L n
= Gcr0) -
tt: @-Dr*o
tl \-
t
{'
V
L Ctzb &':arc i C&ctt En RlD t It t-rttt bt rofict crn\
{, G<b I. &<C ', in I .Jot thu. conorin%l; .
/
Cfrctr CRLD
t.
\-{. -]-htu
,l $rr t&t qpertfcrn
L i. -T'F ri
I {,
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qfnn Gutsi = *K Cs-r1
s csril
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, b=Cr , c:3
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I,
.oilt br o r ir,-tz. <--
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fn tRtu .
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tr
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r g 9-L--
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LS
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= X&tt)
se S3t ssb o. t= -j
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u7= -5 -C-tJ
a
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e
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lor l<=t&qs i Cr{h'cctq
l<K<5 i undrrdarnptc{
ksg
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Ct t-t Ca1 - k &n,r no' 4 B**r..i"l
s(s+9 csh qc+ s) foink r"r1 RtD.
cg* et c, ilC17
-%".._
R fi -> BrtolraooX goiat, *
: S (s.r31 (slgs+ q,r)
&rtqkin fo[n[ .o_r[rt Aq
St* (rrkt s ,(
S(s12; (s'+ ls+g] :--
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k
s(s+_r)
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i
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i :i.::
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i
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-=-
stroJ
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q
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S
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L-- tlR r rC ;t %':16
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6
b:pk = L--zcn."u I
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r'... L--">---2 ..----=----'-
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+
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do = tgf r'lr
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d
& beeomu Corqfles
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+
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ty
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i crq Sttp Ruf on cc -{ lim, c(orn eth
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b t-Lt olp, c!e(( oc tittc*or4 !
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a
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d,= $; * Lcu*s
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#$
trl i 0-+ oo
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trl
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a
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: 7, I I I
F o_ Ldr,)
If.,r*,- t
!
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..ltot+ t
BI :t (rl=
J = -h50
|
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oO
D
o/f crr) =
j;srn (u:t L#")
c Ctj .- Jsio et-qs,
E TF= S
s*P
xtt) : I cos (U _ rlr)
\-\
UCt) : cos (:t -)n rr,
P = zkt
- ----.--...-:.-t1:4y.:-i1]lai!ari.a1.:...r11-:-::1::.f.-..;*-.!j+!jl!m
' 'q
l
lF =
,
-ttrig
rnu th.'
e_
J
f.h
oro shilt $1 .|fi. y Jot
sCs+9 "l
.- sfa t utt) t/P '
Cu
fir t LaLi*)
oof /
/-t;1;,
"-o't'ft':
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lr
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= .- )4d.le'
= t8f t
ol.,
I rl frt.t- N'1aoq ex /,a$rn)
: +ye I fluut,
: -Vr ; lJy\r[oblc
a
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(
Cr" -rt ra!.u :
o0
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1
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(tP [o-0,
n w&h t1'.)
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ni
. />
t'
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R-
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I
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=
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'L,.,'.,/\
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t lrt rrl
_= u :>
( Norrno1j&ed frrXtrtnr;
u-ln
f,.j
{. fr(i'; =
l-uL+ jrQ * Sinurofdof &O & uvi., a P
(i .a
f.
\.: AO
rr-
M- In
. 11>
Ij
l;-Uur)l= '
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{; d=/_.ff,,)'=
*
a/ l--R
{\.
t-;
6
6l oO
[. .* - tcnl/ 3 in uso tdd.0 rertonrr
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C '
znd ordc sXaLtm
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0 = '-Quat Step mspons. &ul.
,s l,- fusin [,uar+ rq*(T)J -*fmt ltesPo?lsc "+
std rnd ordu sXlttrn.
ts
@
&i
Nou: rt;e Loiu ,t"*{ choroiterfstfa af ryttm. (urfng Rer*nonoe)
g
@
+ l,,l
.:-.- fr = - tq,{
(l-u)"+ [:11 "_t
.* . U
tzEu_,, lt-ur )
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I
I
I
fi = ol
e
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t, k=
2q
, fi : *90"
e '|
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s
I
@
= 0 I --l8oo
WE Z:.il_ii_:,.._i,,,,. .":),,,::;i.:).iii;.:;-,i:,...:.:
!
ll
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a
tLl
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cd
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I
- tqnr l+I "a'4r
i
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c*_
tqna Ct o)
, 't t '
?.a t
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':"*--4-
fI
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y -
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rur:' LLC
.\r t.Jri
sir 2qulos + Lo.fi
i.
:
J Lc-
e '= R I-a-
. i.::
i
'Tdr :
:-
--> Every obrr.rt /1ru ttr ourn heron&nL
f*q..
& tf fh t ofJtrt d ex €ffacl $t fh"l $*,1 . fun N6.fRrn b<nmt :
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.
t
t-
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s
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f] Ptoti rno-Xn ittod,
q/ 7
&
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,herpoan6c L
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6) nl 44.
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sy ttnn ',o
t.
P- Uu
= B'trr kl
L
0
f'] i
r= Rtronorf fl-(Q,
Ar
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.: q=ur =) ${, o
o
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=
= bb
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fE;,trl
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dq= I &1 tirnt ftufrrrrc ano-l,4rrk
urhuttu it ri 'Rupor,r. onaqsfs. .-
i trn
fr.9,.
,
I
iv
:
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l-lt x
(, llu = ff at ttr + |'lt = I
2EJl -qL
\
e @ fL
s l+ u4- tul+ k q-rrt *
a
u4t cc2
[+e,'*rj - t=
$
€
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e S e'-r,ll+ t
# A
ot
ffi
r',
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L
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er
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UL:
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e
p
od Lt= d J ag\-Qg'+r
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t (l ->*)
t--.--
lro a ,r..J ofitlfrf c*r
l"rm, Rqponge ;:,
O {^1d
= bln ,l.l{r- + A t&= \n -,at
_tt6lJr_6; tflr = loa JIJ-qr_
YP=e '1-
=+O Xlv =
2q JI*q-r-
@ t, @ trlu
L' ts @ affl
@ fm
i-
qc :
..:'.:.a-!-l-74_n.'4)a::.?,::q-,rliry,::!:i?E: ffi
1-(
PoLR n plor -
+
JE eo7-z'ro.
he Chto*7 phoro") ,r.
= 'J xr+gr
lSoo
=- ta,,r(s7"]
:i,: .stlordq
CAs .rI
i .rm
R*H cvrttuia-
E
for sorrrt g7r..tEcr.|,
= rldlnt
-+ Fl= I G,HI;,r
I
4= lar,U*s
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] at
t ul i o *-| oo !' $ )'o,u"er,
noo Ifi
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,7
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o"
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::' _
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au i
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A, th, f"eq d ron.c{' *. 'u, f+
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-- ---;:__, :t-.a:,!:2111 !
'
/.,
'l/^(1
-./'
@ GrH(e) = K\ *' & FrU.,:) = .' k
J+sT l+ Jt'r r
f'I lC'rrt(iu-,1 I =;[-- * 2T0"
J ltt^1"r"
Bcoe d ltng -Yelt
4= /gntiuo) = -ta'J(,,:4 t',
fo -, u-r(d cto(kurir( |
angtc rfleor.u'rtmrnll
/
K
,f:Io" -l8o
'l
;lj
o l*go'
-> lh; plot caill cut Jin. q,.& bco< {o,
ppLq,
Ito din ttt ro*Q-u.e .ll
{ 6 hoL txqe"orft -9oo
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q Hfi.,,i L:- K
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ort tr: =rc
I o:
o
- 9o x tgne ---+ (p-,-)X *9o" Ahd. of Lo=o -2 uq"
rL_ Potuot ot{gtn ce.ntn b
L* Au *here &nrlsrioru d-x orq \ade 'Io pfioii f'. rspeJ
STrsn :
f, .-t8o'-; - 2)l
a"
:-
Qit I
-gP
YI r 0o--> o $--.
I
d:-goo-+-)Jou ,tt
[rrnpo,, tutr h c.^i 9m a^^;:) r
:
:-
:
a8
tI)
r
.t
t:
I G, fi ( t+sr,)
f; st( t*sTr-) ( l+sr-r; qo
\
r'.,
f"l : .- --+ o +
L.
*looq._+ -2Joo
foreiulr fo cut *vr xolot&
{\.
ti.
$: GuPenot on rpornf"rantX C
tl <Lio or floir)
t*1 t)
F't
s'(t*slr; (r+s131
f\
l"l r oo-fo
{j
{; o : -haqt -+ -360o 'ce
(".
(:=-lossib[r t-o tr,-t
4
Ly o, -'-r(o "
{:
{.: &.,t K ( r+ sr)l-
[ouO intuctpk)
{-r g3 lE1 one -,5 oosc'ibl,
f,., ittll m--+cl tJ<tror om not 1 aI ,k
-\ a *.---'-->-
€] --r -lgoo Point
@:t-r .-27oo-+ --goo
c . o
,n{ tvce5 .," AntCctocktrrfrr
&
* c Gs) K (s +ro) Cs+r o) +;
€i
s3(stto o) (s* >oo)
6
E} ftf: oo --> o
&
€;
@: -.2.70"--i * 2Too
,1,
qi -l0oo
L{re don'1Rnou-r
I }fn{rrdy
&, oI '-vr{g. f[t-d bc lorsi
6-qa
@ "? Tqft sornr vq.!.r.tu (E",a [nttrcq]9
€ ca{rr^-tqr
d- a
e d,
* cue'crra onq tntererte( *o se, tht [14trcrpt
"f flot* ptrt
uuith -y( tcal ar.fs, fr,ro ofhe, flntrrcpt). ""v
i
j
('ot<e fn Rno[ tocu, Lt]( sec fl1{txctpt
I
or }m, o*,1 oflq]. i
i-?
i
:
i
gfoblt. ' (
,
f'sotn. 3r1 R'o H nL ccrB Trn. q^i thtn a:nolitgono-\ .rftabtr)
*>
CNo'"{ ttmu RL cqte }rn, ar.r-r thrn potoa
ptrl cuttt arf ir"}q
Cut 1f1, --vc YraI orc& &r
! tr:nu),
manil
+ -Io
knor-o co]^ro{i{&rr
{oruohic[ ?,? c*t *rt xal a"is.
{*e ecn urE Rr H fo, gt*) _> eq x plot 8nq 'g,
q = tlg Se
BX i+u (
BiLtheq tr,n
lormctdcra) ,
I
e n(j.") ;J;lono_r_r-1. i1
+ Put lhr. p o.t <ttO
1
9 ftnd- v-al-rr-cr-
A.
{,Ld (ur s?lnuqel bt'b/o O=-+a qI0-0., .
@ .et iho.,. - l. : r
, , langi*1 =lgo"
I
t'l :
-.(
-[ ^Ptl s=f.^ll
-. I
t.:. '
+ Euo.t( Et +o aelo
i + Sncl ctporate .*r';
q'H.rr { ofoi
\ + Pqt t= ,f* :
+ e?LLatr Fb #o ..., !
I
:
.-.::,
- .....-::::..-........':..::.-::=...,-:.-:....--:.:-;::,a....n:?i:=!!4}7|Z4!r,..ii4,:.|.:]-.o.i-t.i.r.i.1Tffi
79
I
Ll
L'X -
'i-
*5(trsr,) ( r+sTr)
t: i"J r co --> o
-( I
d i -goo..--: -2'1oo .fT,il
\-
.-l
-l8oo
- ('
(
{-.
{t
€,
\.,
"-*5.
n (- _, - LoT, - oTr t jurt T ir)
ti m C lt c.r" r,r) (1+ u"Tr')
* f'r
\- K (-- 6 Cr, + rr) *
\-
j (o,rr y, -D, =- xr jy
€r
t.r
6 (to.,,Y,) (tr,o"7;.,1
a) Put 5ry pa,t -_ o
{
Ll
Y;Tr -"t .t.:
s tr-l: , I
'Jnqurn,..1
q) -+ infurct'pLion
E=l
q.- "Jr,r"
\< 61
&r. J€nd po int C [a [rrcepf fon ?ut L{l = += ta Reatr po,,t
Uf\
ti; -mT;
!s '
_90
-,/K (Tr+ r,-) t^ritt i * K TrTr'-
-,es\ t6 (-r,uh') (t+ u:"r,,_)
Lue %
,o) fofnt.{
irlrrctpt
EJ T +tr
- H @ gv Plhs" ",-tr,u$ -
& = -^5oo- tef roll 't0rd lo ,:
fi Tz -l& o
s
-G . :' f.arl co Tr t ton+ u: Ti- Jo
Ed
CoTr t dfr_
-€i l- ur2 TrTr
*s l- a;Lr, r, = o _-5\
cn-
-e Jr rr
| P
Oa
-€
I
r,
Tr *T:
"<E
Tr Tz T3 l
.(,
t
.jo^, co to Uu fn ^ron gl -l Boo
(,i O*-> a oo
"ll >
CrrtrsJ o .no po
to, pt"r r.,.1 -vt rcor * = t *ra
t
4 -r ( C;r., -; * r,,o-, ;*:,:,^,,,
,rr''ot orH ta -9oo
er&
ei FL'ooJ (*"- >o,ooo) f ?ooo'r.ol: o
Notfrocriblt
C
0 { Uirr LUr-(oO
e
, C\l . _lBoo
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e) "t dfmu
[- vc xa{
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e
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s
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I
-
r-l
t-._..-....
'&- GH(s) : K (t+ sr')
S ( t+ srr-) (t+ s't-3 ) -2roo
(.,, dN
Tr *Tr
{ 'TrTz T3 "<E
1
$
t
do^, co fu Uu fn ron gl -l Boo
T>T>*Ts
.{,, .
{,
1
r-_]D
r+ I ( Gur:J -_> (^lbtomu faott"norH
E
o', ft crrf il not tut -yr O
o
r(rt.
t,
t' ex
q:- Q HCs) K ( t+ sr)-
= -21 o"
{'.
s3
{, &,r
{,
{', -Iooo
o
i,
Onr ul o". ont int(rcrf
{. t_
s s3 ( stroo) (st>oo).
cdY L
f,i -Loa) (*L 2o,ooo) 1{ooo'tat - s
N ot[o<r iblt
$':
e
& t\1' *lBoo
LL LJ t tt cub dfrnu
ci "t
[- ve xo.{ o,.i )
$
e
C
s
&
.fxom' golor'?to! -
CIutrrm in
<:--- -
atr%n { slo bit?
G-] :i .j. 'rhr - po &nt Gr, o) i" *o th. l.{t -f lfr. po1o,t flot te Lf +ht
-.-- )3 not enrtored b6 NXq4ist ptot
poinl f-r,o) th,n *rht tlott .[oof
lurt,.n r& sojd to be stlble.
.T{ th, to th, tfqht'{ flola"- plot r- ,f frht
poinl & r, o) -,1
Pofnt (-t,o') )3 encloseo{. bq Nttrorrst PLot thtn tht tto toof cgrkrrt se
T?
o
sa-rd fo be unltQbtt.
o:tf fh. point et,o), ;i on th, patar''ptot t.e on th. NgUufst Pt't
tht ctored. toup rytrn ,L soid *o b. florqtrd\ a]abtt'
rirtn
(
@r+ tht PoLo, 2tot i.c -T th, Nvqld,t ptot- flnhrtute -\-e wat 1,,
V
(
I Arrot^ll dj*.offoru
I (orr tX 4 ,Cf"e.t'aru
?*ri,ol) ll
^
l
I
FI (
Ar^p
+ 'o
-6
(r-l t''
,,.....
I
L----s.
V a.
-l
. -.,:.,
.i::a )
.,,',
ii
.14 Ir
\.1
!o' Cr H ts1
= -
:i.
S Ir+sr,] U+srd t,
I -e: -J i@non,sfobre
X) -e{-L; @dnctqbre
m) - a>-t \ O stobte
'r
f
sl
. , a-i
y(f,trU thqe concln' Bq BH cn"ter'i?-
(
s' ,-. L
al
{
.\ ..
=+ (tourr.1
!a i
{
6.
"t
Al 2Jo"
ti
r-l & ru{r1 =-- H -
{'. G+u5
e;
4"1 {Lt rst drtrr,^ninr fle
(_l
stabEtitv uy R-H cdttr^a.
-l0o'
{'
?t$ = s3+ 3s'+13 s + k* t= o 6p3
I
si L 3'
{. 3 (K+r)
-5o'
{: sr I ?-(r+t)
d, o
-5
.fo k+i
€')
Ql 9*Cr+r) zo
T fr ::----? x< g
C lotq
I PLot r.:.1 o +co ,"" 6 1X <gP i Stqblt
Ll K=tr i l"lor'stobtc :
{"'l
LO= T-rh+L
e. Inrl
(; Lc-
& f3
t/
t
Y
IfrlftrtcpI a - '.
frcrHci-rl I
I * =,1,
a-_ K
s
D
6o
,Y --[>--r 2 slobtt
I
o <k<8 +
'1out'
H:r = -l- t) Mor.sfb
I
k - & :J Motr'stb
..
( -h < -l 1 Unrtob tt
I
:"k >B + Unsfobtt
.q cr H Crl
= k [s+tq) Cs+ zo)
s3 (s+too) (stzoo)
/,a Fs r
' ftlrt{ jlrl:d'-'
-fA t'1
fi:"ot Both fnte^ctpk
+
*-t'
a& b.
'[hta 5 q
., Stautc
pors ibiUtr h.,nlfv (-{f ul
if t-,,q) u*'l$^r \;
@rutobr9 R {an, :-
stabk ' stablt .i
& ,{},
:TLS RLD
\l :
0.( K{Kr ,
Unrtoblc
i"
Kr{ K (K1 , Jtoblt Kl 1\-
i-,
ltut oh s r for.rflfr-{rt\l.
i
:\-
.
IJ
t..
t,t,'
, Oraru FoLao Ptot strffi3 ' o:thty, thon 11 inirnurq ?fifft e ttm -
i
t'
o G rrCs) =K + GH [fu:) _l(
f.r s-1
t:
I'l = lt
n
I
.l l+*,
4= - tan-'6- t,:) x * 7
t
{.
o." ?ofnt Uu & jlnd
luodrc.nt
f, = - f tBo"- tc#coJ i--)
t - )-Joo
\?
t
: * l8o * hr'r.^l
q.'
:-_ tr) |1
\ #
{- o -lUo
\.' I
K
-\
*, i
I I
-/ oo
I -lBo
-t t. i
{., h 0 -90" B
{,
/ beco,,,rnX (in'ii.cufnq) ju*
t.;
f" Antftt6qt(urisc
,tncl sVrh, o
(oncLih'oncte-t,{ slablt (
-fr
q
0..
intu tt P t f, rnoelr a-n -Yt
."i,-*l- A.r1),
3J
tr
Tt=J , rior. stb :
Ci K>t , Sto<
s-l
\_-
K<l Unsbo bto
s
s Q'K\t_s l{
@ -=)
s Yl = -l{
s JTr,x;
€; 4= - fun,(--) *-+ bcoa Fotnl Ut' t" lfth
e
n
qJ = - G ten''Lo) */
€j
d= + toflu:
s C$ lrl 6
(Ei
o K 0^
€3 I I I
&-. I 1 1
l J )
@ 0o
o 9o'
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E'i'
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a ----:^,r-+t--tu:./1?ffi
g K (s-l)
,c\----.-- (or)
LL/
.-,S+l
rstl )
,/ i *-=_- 4tl ltcrr.l e#krn
/ fl= K #uo
t CAu parc -ff rttr)
LO
d = ton*&L(]) - tqJ(or.)
= tqnrul -
lSo"- tqn1o,:
fi, = l8o;- )tan{ur
(orl -.zro"/'+q o.
10.'/-tui
-> Both Tk &^{ ,4lt yat-t I
sgsterris .
i:
(5J (s+z) -:
I
i-
Gou cs-:-l i
11 : r[ -+o
fi: -180"+ -90"
(dn.babU
:111.i._|T:4-1/-:.t-41:!i4a44Eii 6{:
. . _. : !.-!,4..--in-+u.&
@ 6rr ,S-')
(or) IJ..'i
,/
,, * lSn,
u--
_-; lJs '
,,ttl fcul s.{4knn
/ M- k #uo
(*ttpacc {frtrr)
L,O
= tor*(-ur) - tc{il(uo)
= lSo"- tqniuJ - tenltr
: ) (,
tBo - )tanrr,:
(otl -z:o"l'+g o"
t..l (e;9
9; = ; 2LQn'co K
(ts+t_t
syctsrrrs. it
-? ry 6puirr
q
'[=r r +{jg- tfubrr .
-; Jht n qrr
I
arr sg.rtrrn -& XorginaXt4 (abt,.
t"1 : I -->o
+
A! -t8o"-+.-go' i.\
l
i;
@ .: (snrr
Gou cs-:-l
f,l : zls no
S : -loo"-+ -90"
(dn,tabrg
@ s *-.,
*( --t utl
l- 0.)S I - o, riuo
f1:
- 0-7 5-
$ : 90"-+ rB;"
l"l t^l
jr-tr(or-)"
)f = q# tonn(*o,z-;
Qtouty
Mt-
'rl_-
.i:y_ I
I
Ll:.o ldUS-a;)"j
,= 5
- 2f 0
s Cs--r.1
,1.,
t{
s Ct-s,1
11: cD->o {Bo'
P: -io"-)oo
(unshutg
O 'crH(s) -_ ($+<)
l.l < If I (/eact coYn l(n souco I
Utp) 'N
; l<l 1> Irl lroJ corn 7rru ct"{)
*J to
tto. ftots
CrHt4 he {oYnrnon-,,C),
= ( ioo * 1o'r{crtfon dttoy_;
s
''l
I
I
i
' -' -. e.,/ #E #ffiffi ,r:{r{n+'
...--l@i<;@
1S\tt-l13
o(l,,unF?f*x=
ffi i FI.Irl t/ec.ccorrlptntatur)
l\-1
= cdr+zL
L,1"+ Pt
zln
f
\)
t ,,\
I I i?
it .trrt
I
iJ
oo t oa
(staut..;
Qa-lrt9
@ QHcsl : Kt-\ k :
s-/ o-
ur,
}{=
fr; co-+ o u
Qter;
(unrtabg
d, *?r"Vtj I- Gt,o.)
,v
Loi,-t
!
L B I
k/r*,
Q rr (.1 K ;t tb
= -..-L- -j,^r to
Lr{ot.slqbtl Qitabr*i,
\S =) )<
=5
rt.
?
:
M:- K o
o0-+O
5- ' c- -
p
= *9oo* trforc td 9ou r -_oo
-h
--T'
lo tancr
-
fr"g &. fofnt 4
n
r"nttvseth'ort
u ith *Y( ital cr,-&.
Usfnq Ph"le conoir u3: ItlrUo
-_ l8o'
t9oo
Sler 1an r
CL-. laxci*rl
ua. il/ Zto
& = Qkto
-F
Bcoa o(
q
I-n o^r feNecl'
J[obitt\ 't stylrrn &ptn& on
o
oO
both
WE$-oruio{olio,,
&P(t"\ t*o P c(rlot
g e'il
Polor ptot nnLr,r ab"at-rf e{nbit-?$
q
+.c0-[,
"{cyt m'.
rt dos noL tm onq th ;1..t' f ,r'
tnq oao.t-r oro' *or.t polu tcur ing
un,rta bf k"tU. I
:-\ N.
-7
-l+si -/ e
(l+sr,) [t+sr,;
(stoblt)
(corrdiltaol.y
k f,'^.1,1
,l-. L;'i\iq I
+---
(P+srr) (1+sTr)
fi.r,srr I
Q1o bt 9
Jryiqsrot*
-+ ,4ddjtfon -g u <t6o frr th. oLTF al{tqqt( th, foto-r Plrt^'frorn (
the pofnt (-r, oJ or - Yr rea-[ or"ri , dr+. Jo ',^rll f. fi cYhem :
:
::-
Stobt..
I
De c0 ry) tr rnoT( (
-) ,tdodtfon q a folt to th. oLrF o-f a syftrn htftts ffit polart t.:
Ptot ' to urotd, t|, folnf Gt,oJ 1 ctrtro dD ,Af.L sr4krn btt,'ntz .
t*ro (tobtr,
I
*\
,..
:&fu
E hXuen(r1 Berfohr ratc"u r{ fr,, dotr nob rnAJte,r- ,r.,hthu fr i
i
erfit1 g ,<,
Q-cTrJ [l+ sTz)
q o
o
=)
/- 14
U+sg r -T-Uu
I'4 I K =>o ou Prlllt lobr
=)K #: oo --+ -tBno $orr
,,yttnxg
[4r+y
':nf;"r-ry
w
..u
f
.i
: 6au,h
i X
{:j
c.il, I
:et xu o
6 ,r
.,
-/\-
,.
5i 's-Ptcn: , :rer-or r foru are aub?tg..flr! loints, enrt;- 4g
(an ctltfq b/w th tm ftut
"
,9
aO
cl. fhoro" o ittq tn @F-trtt orouncl rtocrol. con tgur -i Hrnr
"Jrorn I
. i,::
<_*:r___:5 i:
Aq D 0,
"+ *irnu tn
r)
C." Clor hur fie 61'r,.ft?cm .
%
= lf ((r) r-tts)
q,cs)
potes o-{ ql:)
= oLp
<rroro{ gCs) : cLP
,lnd Jor sLobtt'q tdr o* *\ bolhutd obotrt cLP on\.
*W4't 4auitVtterfl-
ULO
sr 2t0rrt
ReXfon *nC..obtGtq.
OLP
"t
x
,tr (; fo. clortcl roop cyttrn to b.
4-
OLP r etobtt 'nont -f cLp clrourd 1iq
0!P
& @ h"t{ "+ s- f tont r,r no
x x,?,to sfi,ourl t{r- in f"Sfq
'f
un d ob ittrX.
\ r,r{qpfst eon'fou r /pa*t
o
ed l+' ;: P.x i Atto., 0^,tN
N --: Xo ^d entt"rt(trn,ntr { contow"
OT obou.t orlq(n.
..t
N= X-p 'l" rLO
I
I
Conrlrufons -
4ccorct3nx*or|xqrrittshb.Cnottnoo{o'c.C[oreol.aoofrjrlern}p
be strrAiu , Lh. NUg. p{ot fn &H(c)- Ptonr d.r-o.tr-ro CoT'rerfo.nfnq
*o the NXgpr&t con to uv en s- plo ne th c,-t do.r rot f a-rr #rrorf h
,
or{ potnt -{ sflq.torftl (pott) "t th, 'fh. Gtul H(rl. rn,rsf eneflxle r:.,;
tht |o dn t Gl, o ) tn * 4r littoc h rrr fst dft c|fcl .r0 - ont ttrnu a)
then",u""-fop,n.(oop|olurnnsqhiif&of,x-|tani.
f"lothrmcrLfc&[,.] _-
(.-i
-
. N yqprist conLon. -
(s-ptong
*o
&rrrrs)
=,t..*. i P=o
1
fn..t r,,
/ l?',:^t':'
)
inrfdo
Nswtt rntot:.r
\oa
' I : ?=l
(s+u i cs ->
-l--*-- i p= P
'r
s(s-rrJ cs.:)'
I
v
con't be -$rnd
bcot s: o L-fu 6n (on toun ,
,F, h*, ctuv fdrcl tho urhote Contour ,h to ffirtr fl*k ((,, (r,tt) ,
? ''w
n0rc l$ poinf *f sfn$*.11 tu*rr on
i
I
: ::.:: a-...:a:
::
. f: =.:. r;": a:- aa:-::.' . .. :..... "': :..:lii*ggffi
-
.
aa
C'
'..-
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{l .,
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GK) = i f= 1
SCs+ r) Cs\r ) [s.r )
\:
! \r
.! €it
(
d, ui
t^.
f
- €.'
t::.r
{- _'
\-;
{r 1.
;tdio-+oo"
€.r fitonq Cq i -
<-:--=(ts+
'ni
Bi D= uq-l
': (j
&n.,
s'--_ita', rrJ: oo-+o
\s €",j
dton? c?:
*
s
s S: fu'mR.Jo i sl*go"->-90.
tr\
R +ro
LI
Atonq Cq i-
#
€) 5= Ldrnh.Jo j G r -9ootp *90"
tu h+o
\* g1
AlorLrCsS= /
'*- is ads
S
= ,fu
i r-o r o -+ oo $ condtl-t'on {*rn
]lUq/rirt conttut-
c1H [j.o.J
= - ,.(t+_ft,rr-'
Jr',l t
Il-
LrJtl;;\.
$= - 90"* bon[or-1 (i..,, l
Alsnq cr
<__-__+___+
.- Coad'kn owy\ L.
6
?
fr :9 oo Polor Ptot S = 0-."m R.to ; 6 : +qoi--got'
l R+oo Ji
I
t
I
I ( Urod. fo Ptot n'n I"
Lrm A,
n
I
+ f-.1
= Lt"{ .-l1-' A
R+ro R\ -u
-
hrsltrltd (
E= -Jur; ul:G0t
k
"j &nctt hfon
$rom ltqg.
'kno.oYr
)
U)+
t *
p--Jo26
L- i
aolrour
-J,r(t-Lur) oO
p -zfo (
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