Ready Mix Concrete Plant

Ready Mix Concrete Plant
HZS series of Ready Mix Concrete Plant, also named as concret batch plant, is developed by our company on the
basis of adopting the world's sophisticated technologies, this ready mix concrete plant have been widely used in the
domestic and overboard, as well as earned a perfect reputations in the construction field, we have dedicated in
manufacturing ready mix concrete plant for many years.
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HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete Plant
HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete Plant have been widely used in the domestic and overboard, as well as earned a perfect
reputations in the construction field.
Product Details...
With its modularization structure, HZS Ready Mix Concrete Plant is easy to transport, install and debug more
quickly.
Product Details...

With its virtue of precise computation, our HZS series Ready Mix Concrete Plant can meet the requirement of every
high performance concrete.
Product Details...
HZS series Ready Mix Concrete Plant is widely used for water conservancy ,electric power, railroad, road, tunnel ,
the arch of bridge, harbor-wharf and the national defense-project etc.
Product Details...

HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete Plant have been widely used in the domestic and overboard, as well as
earned a perfect reputations in the construction field.
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Description of Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

HZS series of Ready Mix Concrete Plant, also named as concrete batching plant, is developed by our
company on the basis of adopting the world's sophisticated technologies, this concrete mixing plant have
been widely used in the domestic and overboard, as well as earned a perfect reputations in the construction
field, we have dedicated in manufacturing concrete batching plant for many years.
Features of Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

1. Driving system adopts planetary gear, the gimbals transmission shaft insures circumgyrate at the same
speed
2. With its modularization structure, it is easy to transport, install and debug more quickly.
3. Mixing system choose the spiral mixing system , which has high efficiency , scale board and mixing
blades adopts high-rigidity and high tenacity wearable case alloy steel, to prolong the working life.
4. Aggregate lifting appliance adopts frequency control, thus providing smooth and reliable operation.
5. Lubrication system adopts advanced centralized oil lubricating system, convenient for oil supplying, this
system is equipped with overvoltage warning and low oil level warning, safe and reliable
6. PC+PLC control system ensures the high reliability.
7. With its virtue of precise computation, it can meet the requirement of every high performance concrete.
8. Human-based intelligent control facilitates the operation greatly.
9. Structural members are durable, and most electric elements adopt world famous brands.
Application of Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

Available for many applications, this stationary concrete batching plant is widely used for water
conservancy, electric power, railroad, road, tunnel, the arch of bridge, harbor-wharf and the national
defense-project etc..
Technical Parameters of HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete Plant:
Capacity: 60 m3/h
Mixing Time: 60S
Max Aggregate Size: 60/80 mm
Discharging Height: 3800 mm
Total Power: 80KW
Total Weight: 50Ton
Total Dimensions: 25000×10000×19400 mm
1. MIXING SYSTEM
Twin Shaft Concrete Mixer: JS1000
Volume: 1600L
Capacity: 1000L
Mixing blade: 2×8 pcs

Mixing Speed: 25.5 r.min
Mixer Motor: 37kw
Weight: 9880kg
Dimensions: 4640×2250×2250mm
2. AGGREGATE SYSTEM
2.1 Aggregate batcher: PLD2400
Volume: 4×12 m3
Capacity: 144 m3/h
Power: 11kw
Weight: 7610 kg
Dimension: 10120×3320×3820mm
2.2 Aggregate Belt Conveyor 1 unit
Width: 800 mm
Speed: 1.6 m/s
Power of Motor: 11kw
3.CEMENT SYSTEM (OPTIONAL)
3.1 Cement silo 2units
Capacity: 100 t×2=200 t
Silo Diameter: Φ3000
3.2 Cement Screw Feeder 2units
Diameter: Φ219mm
Length: 9m
4. ADDITIVE SYSTEM (OPTIONAL)
Additive silo Capacity: 1m3
Pneumatic Valve: Φ50 mm
Pump: 3kw
5.WATER SYSTEM
Motor Power: 3kw

Butterfly Valve: Φ150 mm
Capacity: 80m3/h
6.AIR SYSTEM
Air Compressor 1unit
Power: 7.5 kw
Pressure: 1.0 Mpa
Air flew: 1.2 m3/min
7. WEIGHING SYSTEM
7.1 Aggregate Weighing 1unit
Weighing Capacity: 3000kg
Precision: ±1%
7.2 Cement Weighing 1unit
Precision: ±1%
7.3 Water Weighing 1unit
Weighing Capacity: 250 kg
Precision: ±1%
7.4 Additive Weighing: 1unit
Precision: ±1%
8. CONTROL SYSTEM
PLC command and control operation .
Main electrical components : SCHNEIDER or SIMENSE
17’’ colorful computer
Manuel and Auto Control is freely changeable .

You may also be interested in this/these product(s)
HZS90 Ready Mix Concrete HZS120 Ready Mix Concrete HZS150 Ready Mix Concrete
Plant Plant Plant
Vendor Information

With its modularization structure, HZS Ready Mix Concrete Plant is easy to transport, install and debug
more quickly.

HZS series of Ready Mix Concrete Plant, also named as concrete batch plant, is developed by our
field, we have dedicated in manufacturing concrete mixing plant for many years.

speed

conservancy ,electric power, railroad, road, tunnel , the arch of bridge, harbor-wharf and the national
Capacity: 90 m3/h
Mixing Time: 60 S
Total Power: 110 KW
Total Weight: 60 Ton
Total Dimensions: 38500×12000×19400 mm
1. MIXING SYSTEM
Volume: 2400L
Capacity: 1500L
Mixing Blade: 2×9 pcs

Mixing Speed: 23 r/min
Mixer Motor: 45kw
Weight: 10960kg
2. AGGREGATE SYSTEM
Volume: 4×12 m3
Capacity: 144 m3/h

Power: 11kw
Weight: 7610 kg
Dimension: 10120×3320×3820mm
2.2 Aggregate belt conveyor: 1 unit

Belt width: 1000 mm
Belt speed: 1.6 m/s
Power of Motor: 37 kw
3. CEMENT SYSTEM (OPTIONAL)
3.1 Cement silo: 4 units
Capacity: 100t×4=400t
3.2 Cement Screw Feeder: 4 units
Diameter: Φ273mm
Length: 9m
Pump: 2×3kw
5. WATER SYSTEM
Motor Power: 7.5 kw
Capacity: 150m3/h
6. AIR SYSTEM
Air Compressor: 1unit
Power: 11 kw
Pressure: 1.0 Mpa
Air flew: 1.2m3/min
7. WEIGHING SYSTEM
7.1 Aggregate Weighing: 1 unit

Precision: ±1%
7.2 Cement Weighing: 1 unit
Precision: ±1%
7.3 Water Weighing: 1 unit
Precision: ±1%
7.4 Additive Weighing: 1 unit
Precision: ±1%
8. CONTROL SYSTEM
PLC command and control operation.
Main electrical components: SCHNEIDER or SIMENSE
HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete HZS120 Ready Mix Concrete HZS150 Ready Mix Concrete
Plant Plant Plant
Vendor Information

With its virtue of precise computation, our HZS series Ready Mix Concrete Plant can meet the
requirement of every high performance concrete.

HZS series of Ready Mix Concrete Plant, also named as concrete batch plant, is developed by our company
on the basis of adopting the world's sophisticated technologies, this concrete mixing plant have been widely
used in the domestic and overboard, as well as earned a perfect reputations in the construction field, we
have dedicated in manufacturing concrete mixing plant for many years.

speed

Capacity: 120 m3/h

Mixing Time: 60S
Total Power: 120 KW
Total Weight: 80 Ton
Dimensions: 41600×12700×19400 mm
1. MIXING SYSTEM
Volume: 3200L
Capacity: 2000L

Mixing Speed: 23.1 r/min
Mixer Motor: 2×37 kw
Weight: 9200kg
2. AGGREGATE SYSTEM
Volume: 4×15m3
Capacity: 192m3/h
Power: 11kw
Weight: 10200 kg
Dimension: 12120×3960×4800mm

Belt width: 1000 mm
Belt speed: 1.6 m/s
3.CEMENT SYSTEM (OPTIONAL)

Diameter: Φ273mm
Length: 9m
Pump: 2×3kw
5. WATER SYSTEM
Motor Power: 7.5 kw
Capacity: 150m3/h
6. AIR SYSTEM
Power: 11 kw
Pressure: 1.0 Mpa
Air flew: 1.2m3/min
7. WEIGHING SYSTEM
7.1 Aggregate Weighing: 1unit
Precision: ±1%
Precision: ±1%
Precision: ±1%
Precision: ±1%
8. CONTROL SYSTEM
PLC command and control operation.
Main electrical components: SCHNEIDER or SIMENSE
HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete Plant HZS90 Ready Mix Concrete Plant

HZS series Ready Mix Concrete Plant is widely used for water conservancy ,electric power, railroad, road,
tunnel , the arch of bridge, harbor-wharf and the national defense-project etc.

HZS series of Ready Mix Concrete Plant, also named as concrete mixing plant, is developed by our
field, we have dedicated in manufacturing concrete mixing plant for many years.

speed

Capacity: 150 m3/h

Mixing Time: 60S
Total Power: 228 KW
Total Weight: 100Ton
Total Dimensions: 45000×17000×20000 mm.
1. MIXING SYSTEM
Volume: 4800L
Capacity: 3000L

Mixing Speed: 21.85 r/min
Mixer Motor: 2×55kw
Weight: 11450kg
2. AGGREGATE SYSTEM
Volume: 4×15m3
Capacity: 288 m3/h
Power: 15kw
Weight: 15000 kg
Dimension: 15520×3900×5059mm

Belt width: 1000 mm
Belt speed: 2 m/s
3. CEMENT SYSTEM (OPTIONAL)
Diameter: Φ273mm
Length: 15m
Pump: 2×3kw
5. WATER SYSTEM
Motor Power: 7.5 kw
Capacity: 150m3/h
6. AIR SYSTEM
Power: 11 kw
Pressure: 1.0 Mpa
Air flew: 1.2m3/min
7. WEIGHING SYSTEM
7.1 Aggregate Weighing: 1 unit
Precision: ±1%
Precision: ±1%
Precision: ±1%
Precision: ±1%
8. CONTROL SYSTEM
PLC command and control operation .
Main electrical components : SCHNEIDER or SIMENSE
HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete Plant HZS90 Ready Mix Concrete Plant HZS120 Ready Mix Concrete Plant
Vendor Information
New
to get 600. Finally, multiply the 600 by 0.25 to determinethe volume of concrete
required for the pad which, inthis case, is 150 cubic feet.Concrete is ordered and
produced in quantities ofcubic yards. To calculate the number of cubic
yardsrequired for the pad, divide the cubic feet of the pad by27. This is required
because there is 27 cubic feet in 1cubic yard. Therefore, the concrete pad described in
theprevious paragraph, which has a volume of 150 cubicfeet, requires 5.56 cubic
yards of concrete: 150 cubicfeet divided by 27 = 5.56 cubic yards.Concrete projects
often present varying degrees ofdifficulty; therefore, extra concrete is required
tocompensate for these difficulties. Once the total numberof cubic yards of concrete
is computed, add a little extra,normally 10 percent, to compensate for waste.
Tocalculate the excess needed, multiply the cubic yards by.10 (10 percent). In the
above case, multiply 5.56 cubicyards by .10 to get 0.556 cubic yards. Add the
0.556cubic yards to the 5.56 cubic yards for a total of 6.116or 6.12 cubic yards
required for the concrete pad.
BATCHING CONCRETE
Batching is the process of weighing or volumetrically measuring and

introducing into a mixer the ingredients for a batch of concrete. To produce a uniform
quality concrete mix, measure the ingredientsaccurately for each batch. Most concrete
specificationsrequire that the batching be performed by weight, rathcrthan by volume,
because of inaccuracies in measuringaggregate, especially damp aggregate. Water
and liquidair-entraining admixtures can be measured accurate]yby either weight or
volume. Batching by using weightprovides greater accuracy and avoids problems
createdby bulking of damp sand. Volumetric batching is usedfor concrete mixed in
a continuous mixer, and themobile concrete mixer (crete mobile) where
weighingfacilities are not at hand.Specifications generally require that materials
bemeasured in individual batches within the followingpercentages of accuracy:
cement 1%, aggregate 2%,water 1%, and air-entraining admixtures 3%.Equipment
within the plant should be capable ofmeasuring quantities within these tolerances for
thesmallest to the largest batch of concrete produced. Theaccuracy of the batching
equipment must be checkedand adjusted when neccessary.
Mixing Concrete
Concrete should be mixed until it is uniform inappearance and all the ingredients
are evenlydistributed. Mixers should not be loaded above theirrated capacities and
should be operated atapproximately the speeds for which they were designed.If the
blades of the mixer become worn or coated withhardened concrete, the mixing
action will be lessefficient. Worn blades should be replaced and thehardened
concrete removed periodically, preferablyafter each production of concrete.When a
transit mixer (TM) (fig. 7-1) is used formixing concrete, 70 to 100 revolutions of
the drum atthe rate of rotation designated by the manufacturer asmixing speed are
usually required to produce thespecified uniformity. No more than 100
revolutions atmixing speed should be used. All revolutions after 100should be at a
rate of rotation designated by themanufacturer as agitating speed. Agitating speed
isusually about 2 to 6 revolutions per minute, and mixingspeed is generally about 6 to
18 revolutions per minute.Mixing for long periods of time at high speeds, about 1or
more hours, can result in concrete strength loss,temperature rise, excessive loss of
entrained air, andaccelerated slump loss.Concrete mixed in a transit mixer
should bedelivered and discharged within 1 1/2 hours or beforethe drum has
revolved 300 times after the introductionof water to cement and aggregates or the
cement to theaggregates. Mixers and agitators should always beoperated within the
limits of the volume and speed ofrotation designated by the equipment
manufacturer.
Overmixing Concrete
Overmixing concrete damages the quality of theconcrete, tends to grind the aggregate
into smallerpieces, increases the temperature of the mix, lowers theslump, decreases
air entrainment, and decreases thestrength of the concrete. Also, overmixing puts
needlesswear on the drum and blades of the transit mixer.To select the best mixing
speed for a load ofconcrete, estimate the travel time to the project (inminutes) and
divide this into the minimum desirednumber of revolutions at mixing speed-70. The
resultswill be the best drum speed; for instance, if the haul is10 minutes, 70 divided
by 10 equals 7. With this drumspeed, the load will arrive on the jobsite with exactly
70turns at mixing speed, with no overmixing of theconcrete mix and no
unnecessary wear on the7-4
Figure 7-1.-
Transitmixer.
equipment.Iftheconcretecannotbedischargedimmediately,theoperatorshould turn
the drum at the minimumagitatingspeedof2revolutionsperminute. When
the transit mixer arrives atthe project having used the minimum
amountof mixing turns, the operator is able,
ifnecessary,todelaydischargingtheconcrete. Delay is limited by the
maximumof 300 rotations allowed.
Remixing Concrete
Concrete begins to stiffen as

soonasthecementandwateraremixed.However,thedegreeofstiffeningthatoccurs in
the first 30 minutes is notusually a problem; concrete that is
keptagitated generally can be placed within 11/2 hours after
mixing.Freshconcretelefttoagitateinthe mixer drum may be used if
uponremixingitbecomessufficientlyplasticto be consolidated in the
forms.
supervision
Undercareful supervision a small amount of

watermaybeaddedtoremixtheconcreteprovided the following conditions are
met:(1) maximum allowable water-cement ratiois not exceeded,
(2) maximum allowableslumpisnotexceeded,(3)maximumallowable mixing
and agitating time (ordrum revolutions) are not exceeded,
and(4) concrete is remixed for at least halfthe minimum required
mixing time or numberofrevolutions.Adding too much water to
makeconcrete more fluid should not be allowedbecause this lowers
the quality of theconcrete. Remixed concrete can be expectedto
harden quickly. Subsequently, a coldjoint may develop when
concrete is placednext to or above the remixed concrete.
Mixer Cleaning
Aftertheloadofconcreteisdischarged from the mixer, the operatorshould

wash off all excess concrete in themixer drum and blades, the
discharge chuteopening, and the discharge chute before ithas a chance
to harden. Spraying 15 to 25gallons of water into the drum while it
isrotating will clean the inside of the drumas well as remove all
grout which may havecollectedinthewaternozzleduringdischarge. A washdown
hose is provided onthe mixer to clean areas accessible fromthe
outside. A clean mixer produces a
moresatisfactorymixinganddischargeofconcrete.At the plant, flush a
minimum of150 to 250 gallons of water, dependingon the size
of the mixer, into the drum.With the flush water in the drum,
rotatethe drum in the mixing direction for
afewminutes,thendischargetheflushwater at the maximum drum rpm.
Completethecleaningoftheoutsideofthemixer,particularlyaroundthedischargeend.7-5
MOBILE CONCRETE MIXERPLANT
The trailer-mounted mobile concrete mixer plant(fig. 7-2) carries cement, sand, and
coarse aggregates individed bins mounted on the unit. The cement is carriedin a
separate bin located across the rear of the unit, andthe sand and aggregate are carried
on each side of theunit. Water is carried in a single tank mounted in frontof the
aggregate bins and is pumped to the mix auger.Sand and aggregates are accurately
proportioned byweight or volume and simultaniously dropped with amixture of
cement from the material feed system intothe charging end of the mix
auger/conveyor at the rearof the unit. At this point, a predetermined amount ofwater
enters the mix auger. The action of this combinedauger and paddle homogenizer
mixes the ingredientsand water rapidly, thoroughly, and continuously toproduce a
continuous flow of uniformed qualityconcrete. The material mixing action is a
continuousprocess that can proceed until the aggregate bins areempty. On the
other hand, mixing and delivery may bestopped at any time and then started again at
the will ofthe operator. This permits production to be balanced tothe demands of the
placing and finishing crews and otherjob requirements.Operators assigned to the
“crete mobile” mustthoroughly read and understand the technical manualbefore
operating the plant.The following are the mobile concrete mixer plantcautions
and warnings:Follow all preventivc maintenance procedures.Do not allow any
foreign matter in the cementbin.Do not allow paricles larger than 1 1/2 inch inthe
aggregate bin.Do not allow the waterlines and flowmeters tofreeze with water in
them.Do not run the water pump dry.Do not continue to operate the machine if
thehydraulic oil temperature exceeds 190°F.Wash out the auger within 20 minutes
of the lastuse.llllllNever attempt to repair the machine while inoperation (always turn
the power sourceoff).Keep your entire body clear from all movingparts.Never
attempt to walk on top of the aggregate binto cross from the cement bin to the water
tank(use the ladder).Never walk or stand under the auger.Never climb inside the
aggregate bin (use a smallpole to dislodge any aggregate that
hasbridged).Never enter the cement bin while in operation(there are moving parts
inside the bin). SLUMP TESTThe slump test is used to measure the consistencyof a
-
concrete mix. The test is normally performed by anEngineering Aid (EA) and is made
by using a slumpcone. The cone is 12 inches high with an8-inch-diameter
base and a 4-inch-diameter top (fig.7-3).A bucket is filled with a sample of the
concrete fromthe discharge chute from the mixer. From this sample,the cone is filled
in three layers. Each layer shouldcontain approximately one third of the volume of
thecone. Each layer is rodded in the cone with 25 strokesfrom a 5/8-inch-diameter
tamping rod 24 inches long.The strokes should be distributed uniformly over
thecross section of the cone and should penetrate into theunderlying layer. The bottom
layer should be rodded
Never attempt to operate the unit while in motion
throughout the depth. The strokes will eliminate anyvoids when the concrete is
placed in the cone.If the cone is overfilled, the excess concrete is madeflush with the
top of the cone with a straightedge. Thecone is raised from the concrete by raising
the conecarefully in a vertical direction. The slump is determinedby measuring the
difference between the height of thecone and the height of the concrete specimen
(fig. 7-3).The slump is recorded in inches on the quality controlreport.After the slump
measurement is completed, the sideof the mix is tapped gently with the tamping
rod. Thebehavior of the concrete under this test is a valuableindication of the
cohesiveness, workability, andplacability of the concrete mix. If the mix
iswell-proportioned, tapping will only cause it to slumplower and retain its
original identity, and a poor mix willcrumble, segregate, and fall apart. Normally, the
EAsperform three slump tests per truck load of concrete.Another test performed by
the EAs on a concrete mix isa concrete strength test. This test is performed to
controlthe quality of concrete manufactured in the field, toevaluate the performance
of available materials used ina concrete mix, and to establish mix proportions
thatgive concrete the required strength.PLANT SAFETY1.2.3.All personnel working in the
batch plant areashould wear hard hats at all times.When hoppers are being
charged with aclamshell or loader, personnel should stay awayfrom the area of
falling aggregate.Housekeeping of the charging area is important.Keep the area
clean and free of spoiled materialand overflow.4.5.6.Respirators must be worn by all
personnel whenhandling bag or bulk cement.Particular attention should be given to
any rashor other irregularities of the skin as it mightindicate “cement
poisoning.”Vapor type of goggles should be worn bypersonnel in batch plant
operations.TRANSIT MIXER SAFETYThe use of transit mixers on construction projectsimpose
traffic problems that must be considered.Caution must be used during backing of
the transitmixer. Backing should be controlled by a signalman,positioned so the
operator can clearly observe thedirections given. Extrement caution must be used
whentraveling on a construction site. The stability of themixer is greatly reduced
with the extra weight of theconcrete. Also, the weight of the mixer can crush
newlyplaced underground utilities, sink in the mud, cracksidewalks, and so forth. In
such cases, a slow speed isrecommended.Some additional safety precautions that
must beenforced are as follows:1.2.3.4.Reduce speed before making a turn or
applyingthe truck brakes.Secure the discharge chute properly, using thelock
provided.Check to make certain other personnel are in theclear before starting the
mixer charging ordischarging.Make sure the mixer is stopped before makingany
adjustments
In conjunction with J. McCoy Equipment and Ocmer, Scale-Tron offers custom

concrete plant and equipment design and fabrication. This alliance allows
Scale-Tron to give turnkey service with fast turnaround when required. Our
CAD system creates 3-D models that can be viewed on your own computer
from any angle as well as 2-D pictures of the new equipment superimposed
on photographs of the original plant. See more on our Ocmer range of plants
We can also provide standard models from fully mobile, self-erecting to high
production. Contact us for details.
In 2005, a Canadian precast company
was building a new facility and required
a concrete production plant. The
contract was awarded to McCoy
Equipment Ltd. for the mechanical
equipment and structure, and Scale-
Tron Inc. for controls. A twin shaft
mixer delivers 2.2 cu. m. wet cast
concrete (2.9 yd) into a 3 yd bucket for
a total capacity of up to 116 cu. yd. per
hour.
View shows aggregate bins being placed on the
support structure. Aggregate scale and mixer
feed belt are seen underneath.
The three aggregate bins are refilled from an

above-ground receiving hopper and inclined
conveyor to a reversing shuttling conveyor.
Cement silos feed a cement scale over the
mixer via screw conveyors. Water and
admixtures are by volumetric meter.
Cement silos are in position here.

These silos were subsequently fitted
with Scale-Tron’s SiloWeigh.Net silo
weight monitoring system. Strain
gauges attached to the silo legs
measure the compressive force and the
resulting weight values are displayed
on an internet browser screen on any
computer on the plant’s local network.
In addition, all readings are transmitted
to Scale-Tron’s SiloWeigh.Net central
database, where historical data and
trend graphs are available. This in turn
is connected to the cement company’s
ordering /dispatching database,
creating automatic orders when each
silo reaches a predetermined refill
level.
Here, most of the plant components are in
place. The twin shaft mixer can be seen at left
(colored green). The upper level construction
in the middle of the picture became the control
room. This whole section, including the bins,
was walled in.
Controls are Scale-Tron’s BatchTron II, with

Demand Station at ground level. The demand
station incorporates a second, smaller touch
screen that accepts formulas and batch sizes to
be made, allows batches to be ordered and
corrects water amounts. Sand moisture is
corrected by Scale-Tron RadarTron microwave
moisture sensor.
Completed plant shown below.
This low profile batch plant was

designed to produce wet cast via a twin
shaft mixer at left and dry cast via a
planetary mixer at right. Each has its
own cement scale and aggregates are
weighed by the bidirectional conveyor
scale at center. Aggregates are raised
to each mixer by skip hoists (shown in
lowered position). Batch plant is
shown superimposed on existing
building (transparent gray).
This is an initial design for a high capacity low
profile precast / wet cast production batch
plant; a conveyor scale feeds the twin shaft
mixer via pocket belt and holding hopper.
Aggregate bins are recharged via twin pocket
belts and flop gates to keep the whole plant
within a very small footprint. The 7.5 cu. m.
mixer discharges into Tuckerbilt trucks via
Ocmix's reduced discharge door and chute to
reduce the overall height of the mixer platform.
"Artist's impression" of what plant will

look like when installed. Batch plant
drawing has been superimposed on
real life photograph of precast plant in
background. Note the compact
footprint of this design which is capable
of 290 cu. yd. per hour compacted
concrete.
With two Ocmix RG7500 twin shaft mixers

delivering 6.6 yd. per batch, this plant can
deliver up to 520 yd. per hour into a
combination of trucks from each side plus a
traveling hopper running under either one or
both mixers.
Ocmer, our European partner, manufactures a

complete range of high quality plants with
features including urethane bin liners and fully
galvanized structure. See these products
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Laurent, QC, Bank of America City Centre
H4T 1X4, Canada. 401 E. Las Boulevard - Suite 130
Phone: +1 514 940 0337 Ft. Lauderdale FL 33301
or toll free: 1 800 632 7083 Phone: +1 954 828 9316
Fax: +1 514 940 0342 Fax: +1 954 522 2170
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Copyright 2000-2010 Scale-Tron Inc. Webmaster

6/06 11.12-1
11.12 Concrete Batching

11.12.1 Process Description
1-5
Concrete is composed essentially of water, cement, sand (fine aggregate) and coarse
aggregate. Coarse aggregate may consist of gravel, crushed stone or iron blast furnace slag. Some
specialty aggregate products could be either heavyweight aggregate (of barite, magnetite, limonite,
ilmenite, iron or steel) or lightweight aggregate (with sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale,
perlite, vermiculite, slag pumice, cinders, or sintered fly ash). Supplementary cementitious
materials, also called mineral admixtures or pozzolan minerals may be added to make the concrete
mixtures more economical, reduce permeability, increase strength, or influence other concrete
properties. Typical examples are natural pozzolans, fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag,
and silica fume, which can be used individually with portland or blended cement or in different
combinations. Chemical admixtures are usually liquid ingredients that are added to concrete to
entrain air, reduce the water required to reach a required slump, retard or accelerate the setting rate,
to make the concrete more flowable or other more specialized functions.
Approximately 75 percent of the U.S. concrete manufactured is produced at plants that store,
convey, measure and discharge these constituents into trucks for transport to a job site. At most of
these plants, sand, aggregate, cement and water are all gravity fed from the weight hopper into the
mixer trucks. The concrete is mixed on the way to the site where the concrete is to be poured. At
some of these plants, the concrete may also be manufactured in a central mix drum and transferred
to a transport truck. Most of the remaining concrete manufactured are products cast in a factory
setting. Precast products range from concrete bricks and paving stones to bridge girders, structural
components, and panels for cladding. Concrete masonry, another type of manufactured concrete,
may be best known for its conventional 8 x 8 x 16-inch block. In a few cases concrete is dry
batched or prepared at a building construction site. Figure 11.12-1 is a generalized process diagram
for concrete batching.
The raw materials can be delivered to a plant by rail, truck or barge. The cement is
transferred to elevated storage silos pneumatically or by bucket elevator. The sand and coarse
aggregate are transferred to elevated bins by front end loader, clam shell crane, belt conveyor, or
bucket elevator. From these elevated bins, the constituents are fed by gravity or screw conveyor to
weigh hoppers, which combine the proper amounts of each material.
11.12.2 Emissions and Controls
6-8
Particulate matter, consisting primarily of cement and pozzolan dust but including some
aggregate and sand dust emissions, is the primary pollutant of concern. In addition, there are
emissions of metals that are associated with this particulate matter. All but one of the emission
points are fugitive in nature. The only point sources are the transfer of cement and pozzolan
material to silos, and these are usually vented to a fabric filter or “sock”. Fugitive sources include
the transfer of sand and aggregate, truck loading, mixer loading, vehicle traffic, and wind erosion
from sand and aggregate storage piles. The amount of fugitive emissions generated during the
transfer of sand and aggregate depends primarily on the surface moisture content of these materials.
The extent of fugitive emission control varies widely from plant to plant. Particulate emission
factors for concrete batching are give in Tables 11.12-1 and 11.12-2. 11.12-2 6/06
Types of controls used may include water sprays, enclosures, hoods, curtains, shrouds,
movable and telescoping chutes, central duct collection systems, and the like. A major source of
potential emissions, the movement of heavy trucks over unpaved or dusty surfaces in and around
the plant, can be controlled by good maintenance and wetting of the road surface.
Predictive equations that allow for emission factor adjustment based on plant specific
conditions are given in the Background Document for Chapter 11.12 and Chapter 13. Whenever
plant specific data are available, they should be used with these predictive equations (e.g. Equations
11.12-1 through 11.12-3) in lieu of the general fugitive emission factors presented in Table 11.12-1,
11.12-2, and 11.12-5 through11.12-8 in order to adjust to site specific conditions, such as moisture
levels and localized wind speeds.
11.12.3 Updates since the 5
th
Edition.
October 2001 – This major revision of the section replaced emissions factors based upon
engineering judgment and poorly documented and performed source test reports with emissions
tests conducted at modern operating truck mix and central mix facilities. Emissions factors for both
total PM and total PM10 were developed from this test data.
June 2006 – This revision of the section supplemented the two source tests with several additional
source tests of central mix and truck mix facilities. The measurement of the capture efficiency,
local wind speed and fines material moisture level was improved over the previous two source tests.
In addition to quantifying total PM and PM10, PM2.5 emissions were quantified at all of the
facilities. Single value emissions factors for truck mix and central mix operations were revised
using all of the data. Additionally, parameterized emissions factor equations using local wind speed
and fines material moisture content were developed from the newer data. 6/06 11.12-3
Figure 11.12-1. Typical Concrete Batching Process. 11.12-4 6/06
Emission
Factor
Rating
Total
10 PM
ND
ND
0.00017
0.0024
ND
0.0024
or Eqn.
11.12-1
0.0080
or Eqn.
11.12-1
Emission
Factor
Rating
B
B
Controlled
Total PM
ND
ND
0.00050
0.0045
ND
0.0087
or Eqn.
11.12-1
0.0280
or Eqn.
11.12-1
Emission
Factor
Rating
10 Total PM
0.0017
0.00051
0.23
0.65
0.0013
0.067
or Eqn.
11.12-1
0.139
Emission
Factor
Rating
Uncontrolled
Total PM
0.0035
0.0011
0.36
1.57
0.0026
0.272
or Eqn.
11.12-1
0.498
See AP-42 Section 13.2.1, Paved Roads
See AP-42 Section 13.2.2, Unpaved Roads
See AP-42 Section 13.2.5, Industrial Wind Erosion
TABLE 11.12-1 (METRIC UNITS)
EMISSION FACTORS FOR CONCRETE BATCHING
Source (SCC)
Aggregate transfer
(3-05-011-04,-21,23)
Sand transfer
(3-05-011-05,22,24)
Cement unloading to elevated
storage silo (pneumatic)
(3-05-011-07)
Cement supplement unloading

to elevated storage silo
(pneumatic)
(3-05-011-17)
Weigh hopper loading
(3-05-011-08)
Mixer loading (central mix)
(3-05-011-09)
Truck loading (truck mix)
(3-05-011-10)
Vehicle traffic (paved roads)
Vehicle traffic (unpaved roads)
Wind erosion from aggregate
and sand storage piles 6/06 11.12-5
ND = No data
All emission factors are in kg of pollutant per Mg of material loaded unless noted otherwise. Loaded
material includes course aggregate, sand, cement, cement supplement and the surface moisture
associated
with these materials. The average material composition of concrete batches presented in references 9
and 10
was 846 kg course aggregate, 648 kg sand, 223 kg cement and 33kg cement supplement. Approximately
75
liters of water was added to this solid material to produce 1826 kg of concrete.
Reference 9 and 10. Emission factors are based upon an equation from AP-42, section 13.2.4 Aggregate
Handling And Storage Piles, equation 1 with kPM-10 =.35, kPM = .74, U = 10mph, Maggregate =1.77%,
and Msand
= 4.17%. These moisture contents of the materials (Maggregate and Msand) are the averages of the
values
obtained from Reference 9 and Reference 10.
The uncontrolled PM & PM-10 emission factors were developed from Reference 9. The controlled
emission factor for PM was developed from References 9, 10, 11, and 12. The controlled emission factor
for
PM-10 was developed from References 9 and 10.
The controlled PM emission factor was developed from Reference 10 and Reference 12, whereas the
controlled PM-10 emission factor was developed from only Reference 10.
Emission factors were developed by using the AP-42 Section 13.2.4, Aggregate and Sand Transfer
Emission Factors in conjunction with the ratio of aggregate and sand used in an average yard
of concrete.
The unit for these emission factors is kg of pollutant per Mg of aggregate and sand.
f
References 9, 10, and 14. The emission factor units are kg of pollutant per Mg of cement and cement
supplement. The general factor is the arithmetic mean of all test data.
Reference 9, 10, and 14. The emission factor units are kg of pollutant per Mg of cement and cement
supplement. The general factor is the arithmetic mean of all test data. 11.12-6 6/06
Emission
Factor
Rating
Total
10 PM
ND
ND
0.00034
0.0049
ND
0.0048
or Eqn.
11.12-1
0.0160
or Eqn.
11.12-1
Emission
Factor
Rating
Controlled
Total PM
ND
ND
0.00099
0.0089
ND
0.0173
or Eqn.
11.12-1
0.0568
or Eqn.
11.12-1
Emission
Factor
Rating
D
E
10 Total PM
0.0033
0.00099
0.46
1.10
0.0024
0.134
or Eqn.
11.12-1
0.278
Emission
Factor
Rating
B
Uncontrolled
Total PM
0.0069
0.0021
0.72
3.14
0.0051
0.544
or Eqn.
11.12-1
0.995
See AP-42 Section 13.2.1, Paved Roads
See AP-42 Section 13.2.2, Unpaved Roads
See AP-42 Section 13.2.5, Industrial Wind Erosion
TABLE 11.12-2 (ENGLISH UNITS)
EMISSION FACTORS FOR CONCRETE BATCHING
Source (SCC)
Aggregate transfer
(3-05-011-04,-21,23)
Sand transfer
(3-05-011-05,22,24)
Cement unloading to elevated
storage silo (pneumatic)
(3-05-011-07)
Cement supplement unloading
to elevated storage silo
(pneumatic)
(3-05-011-17)
Weigh hopper loading
(3-05-011-08)
Mixer loading (central mix)
(3-05-011-09)
Truck loading (truck mix)
(3-05-011-10)
Vehicle traffic (paved roads)
Vehicle traffic (unpaved roads)
Wind erosion from aggregate

and sand storage piles 6/06 11.12-7
ND = No data
All emission factors are in lb of pollutant per ton of material loaded unless noted otherwise. Loaded
material includes course aggregate, sand, cement, cement supplement and the surface moisture
associated
with these materials. The average material composition of concrete batches presented in references 9
and 10
was 1865 lbs course aggregate, 1428 lbs sand, 491 lbs cement and 73 lbs cement supplement.
Approximately 20 gallons of water was added to this solid material to produce 4024 lbs (one cubic yard)
of
concrete.
Reference 9 and 10. Emission factors are based upon an equation from AP-42, section 13.2.4 Aggregate
Handling And Storage Piles, equation 1 with kPM-10 =.35, kPM = .74, U = 10mph, Maggregate =1.77%,
and Msand
= 4.17%. These moisture contents of the materials (Maggregate and Msand) are the averages of the
values
obtained from Reference 9 and Reference 10.
The uncontrolled PM & PM-10 emission factors were developed from Reference 9. The controlled
emission factor for PM was developed from References 9, 10, 11, and 12. The controlled emission factor
for
PM-10 was developed from References 9 and 10.
The controlled PM emission factor was developed from Reference 10 and Reference 12, whereas the
controlled PM-10 emission factor was developed from only Reference 10.
e
Emission factors were developed by using the Aggregate and Sand Transfer Emission Factors in
conjunction with the ratio of aggregate and sand used in an average yard
of concrete. The unit for these
emission factors is lb of pollutant per ton of aggregate and sand.
References 9, 10, and 14. The emission factor units are lb of pollutant per ton of cement and cement
supplement. The general factor is the arithmetic mean of all test data.
Reference 9, 10, and 14. The emission factor units are lb of pollutant per ton of cement and cement
supplement. The general factor is the arithmetic mean of all test data.11.12-8 6/06
The particulate matter emissions from truck mix and central mix loading operations are calculated
in accordance with the values in Tables 11.12-1 or 11.12-2 or by Equation 11.12-1
14
when site
specific data are available.
E k ( 0.0032 ) c
b⎥+
U
a
Equation 11.12-1
E = Emission factor in lbs./ton of cement and cement supplement
k = Particle size multiplier (dimensionless)
U = Wind speed at the material drop point, miles per hour (mph)
M = Minimum moisture (% by weight) of cement and cement
supplement
a, b = Exponents
c = Constant
The parameters for Equation 11.12-1 are summarized in Tables 11.12-3 and 11.12-4.
Table 11.12-3. Equation Parameters for Truck Mix Operations
Condition
Parameter
Category
kabc
Total PM 0.8 1.75 0.3 0.013
PM10 0.32 1.75 0.3 0.0052
PM10-2.5 0.288 1.75 0.3 0.00468
Controlled
PM2.5 0.048 1.75 0.3 0.00078
Total PM 0.995
PM10 0.278
PM10-2.5 0.228
Uncontrolled
1
PM2.5 0.050
Table 11.12-4. Equation Parameters for Central Mix Operations
Condition
Parameter
Category
kabc
Total PM 0.19 0.95 0.9 0.0010
PM10 0.13 0.45 0.9 0.0010
PM10-2.5 0.12 0.45 0.9 0.0009
Controlled
PM2.5 0.03 0.45 0.9 0.0002
Total PM 5.90 0.6 1.3 0.120
PM10 1.92 0.4 1.3 0.040
PM10-2.5 1.71 0.4 1.3 0.036
Uncontrolled
PM2.5 0.38 0.4 1.3 0
1. Emission factors expressed in lbs/tons of cement and cement supplement
To convert from units of lbs/ton to units of kilograms per mega gram, the emissions calculated by
Equation 11.12-1 should be divided by 2.0.
Particulate emission factors per yard of concrete for an average batch formulation at a typical
facility are given in Tables 11.12-5 and 11.12-6. For truck mix loading and central mix loading, the 6/06
11.12-9
emissions of PM, PM-10, PM-10-2.5, and PM-2.5 are calculated by multiplying the emission factor
calculated using Equation 11.12-2 by a factor of 0.140 to convert from emissions per ton of cement
and cement supplement to emissions per yard of concrete. This equation is based on a typical
concrete formulation of 564 pounds of cement and cement supplement in a total of 4,024 pounds of
material (including aggregate, sand, and water). This calculation is summarized in Equation 11.12-
2.
0.140 (Equation 11.12 1 factor or Table11.12 - 2 Factor)
yd of concrete
pounds
PM, PM10, PM10 - 2.5, PM2.5 emissions
−=
Equation 11.12-2
Metals emission factors for concrete batching are given in Tables 11.12-7 and 11.12-8.
Alternatively, the metals emissions from ready mix plants can be calculated based on (1) the
weighted average concentration of the metal in the cement and the cement supplement (i.e. flyash)
and (2) on the total particulate matter emission factors calculated in accordance with Equation
11.12-3. Emission factors calculated using Equation 11.12-3 are rated D.
⎞
⎜
CS
aC bS
MetalEF
PMEF
Equation 11.12-3
Where:
MetalEF= Metal Emissions, Lbs. As per Ton of Cement and Cement
Supplement
PMEF = Controlled Particulate Matter Emission Factor (PM, PM10, or PM2.5)
Lbs. per Ton of Cement and Cement Supplement
a = ppm of Metal in Cement
C = Quantity of Cement Used, Lbs. per hour
b = ppm of Metal in Cement Supplement
S = Quantity of Cement Supplement Used, Lbs. per hour
This equation is based on the assumption that 100% of the particulate matter emissions are material
entrained from the cement and cement supplement streams. Equation 11.12-3 over-estimates total
metal emissions to the extent that sand and fines from aggregate contribute to the total particulate
matter emissions. 11.12-10 6/06
PLANT WIDE EMISSION FACTORS PER YARD OF TRUCK MIX CONCRETE

a
Uncontrolled Controlled
PM
(lb/yd
PM-10
(lb/yd
PM
(lb/yd
PM-10
(lb/yd
Aggregate delivery to ground storage
(3-05-011-21)
0.0064 0.0031 0.0064 0.0031
Sand delivery to ground storage (3-05-011-22) 0.0015 0.0007 0.0015 0.0007
Aggregate transfer to conveyor (3-05-011-23) 0.0064 0.0031 0.0064 0.0031
Sand transfer to conveyor (3-05-011-24) 0.0015 0.0007 0.0015 0.0007

Aggregate transfer to elevated storage
(3-05-011-04)
0.0064 0.0031 0.0064 0.0031
Sand transfer to elevated storage (3-05-011-05) 0.0015 0.0007 0.0015 0.0007
Cement delivery to Silo (3-05-011-07 controlled) 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001
Cement supplement delivery to Silo
(3-05-011-17 controlled)
0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0002
Weigh hopper loading (3-05-011-08) 0.0079 0.0038 0.0079 0.0038
Truck mix loading (3-05-011-10) See Equation 11.12-2
PLANT WIDE EMISSION FACTORS PER YARD OF CENTRAL MIX CONCRETE
Uncontrolled Controlled
PM
(lb/yd
PM-10
(lb/yd
PM
(lb/yd
3
PM-10
(lb/yd
Aggregate delivery to ground storage
(3-05-011-21)
0.0064 0.0031 0.0064 0.0031
Sand delivery to ground storage (3-05-011-22) 0.0015 0.0007 0.0015 0.0007
Aggregate transfer to conveyor (3-05-011-23) 0.0064 0.0031 0.0064 0.0031
Sand transfer to conveyor (3-05-011-24) 0.0015 0.0007 0.0015 0.0007
Aggregate transfer to elevated storage
(3-05-011-04)
0.0064 0.0031 0.0064 0.0031
Sand transfer to elevated storage (3-05-011-05) 0.0015 0.0007 0.0015 0.0007
Cement delivery to Silo (3-05-011-07 controlled) 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001
Cement supplement delivery to Silo
(3-05-011-17 controlled)
0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0002
Weigh hopper loading (3-05-011-08) 0.0079 0.0038 0.0079 0.0038
Central mix loading (3-05-011-09) See Equation 11.12-2
Total facility emissions are the sum of the emissions calculated in Tables 11.12-4 or 11.12-5.
Total facility emissions do not include road dust and wind blown dust. The emission factors in
Tables 11.12-4 and 11.12-5 are based upon the following composition of one yard of concrete.
Coarse Aggregate 1865. pounds
Sand 1428. pounds
Cement 491. pounds
Cement Supplement 73. pounds
Water 20. gallons (167 pounds) 6/06 11.12-11
Emission
New
Ready-mix concrete
is a type of concrete that is manufactured in a factory or batching plant, according to a set recipe, and then
delivered to a work site, by truck mounted transit mixers . This results in a precise mixture, allowing specialty
concrete mixtures to be developed and implemented on construction sites. The first ready-mix factory was built
in the 1930s, but the industry did not begin to expand significantly until the 1960s, and it has continued to grow
since then.
Ready-mix concrete is sometimes preferred over on-site concrete mixing because of the precision of the
mixture and reduced work site confusion. However, using a pre-determined concrete mixture reduces flexibility,
both in the supply chain and in the actual components of the concrete.
The leading ready-mix concrete supplier worldwide is the Mexican concrete company Cemex; its main
competitor is France-based Lafarge
Ready Mixed Concrete is also referred as the customized concrete products for commercial purpose. the
Ready-mix Concrete Company offer different concrete according to user's mix design or industrial standard.
The Ready mixed concrete company is required to equip themselves with up-to-date equipments, such as
transit mixer, concrete pump, and Concrete Batching Plant, which needs visualized production management
software and also PLC controller.
Ready Mixed Concrete, or RMC as it is popularly called, refers to concrete that is specifically manufactured for
delivery to the customer's construction site in a freshly mixed and plastic or unhardened state. Concrete itself is
a mixture of Portland cement, water and aggregates comprising sand and gravel or crushed stone. In traditional
work sites, each of these materials is procured separately and mixed in specified proportions at site to make
concrete. Ready Mixed Concrete is bought and sold by volume - usually expressed in cubic meters. RMC can
be custom-made to suit different applications.
Ready Mixed Concrete is manufactured under computer-controlled operations and transported and placed at
site using sophisticated equipment and methods. RMC assures its customers numerous benefits.
[edit]Advantages of Ready mix Concrete over Site mix Concrete
 A centralised concrete batching plant can serve a wide area.
 The plants are located in areas zoned for industrial use, and yet the delivery trucks can service residential
districts or inner cities.
 Better quality concrete is produced.
 Elimination of storage space for basic materials at site.
 Elimination of procurement / hiring of plant and machinery
 Wastage of basic materials is avoided.
 Labor associated with production of concrete is eliminated.
 Time required is greatly reduced.
 Noise and dust pollution at site is reduced.
 Reduce cost.
[edit]Disadvantages of Ready-Mix Concrete
 The materials are batched at a central plant, and the mixing begins at that plant, so the traveling time from
the plant to the site is critical over longer distances. Some sites are just too far away, though this is usually
a commercial rather than technical issue.
 Generation of additional road traffic; furthermore, access roads, and site access have to be able to carry
the weight of the truck and load. Concrete is approx. 2.5tonne per m³. This problem can be overcome by
utilizing so-called 'minimix' companies, using smaller 4m³ capacity mixers able to access more restricted
sites.
 Concrete's limited timespan between mixing and going-off means that readymix should be placed within 90
minutes of batching at the plant.
Modern additives modify precisely that timespan however, the amount of additive added to the mix is very
important.
Categories: Concrete | Building materials
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New
Concrete Batch Plant
Operator
Study Guide
Developed by the
FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
This 2004 Revision was carried out under the direction of
STATE MATERIALS OFFICE
Originally written by:
DISTRICT II MATERIALS OFFICE
Tom Byron
Bobby Ivery
Jim Flaherty
1 1. General Production Requirements
Although all orders for concrete are placed with the Producer by the Contractor, all structural
concrete produced for Department projects must come from Department approved plants. The
concrete must be produced by qualified personnel, it must be a Department approved design mix and
it must be produced, transported, handled, sampled and tested in accordance with the current version
of the Department’s Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction (hereafter called the
specifications) governing the project. Many of the references made in this document are to the 2004
version of the standard specifications. The specifications will include, but are not limited to Section
6, 346 and Chapter 9.2 of the Materials Manual.

2. General Concrete Information
In very broad terms, concrete can be considered as the combination of aggregates and paste.
The aggregates consist of fine and coarse aggregate. In combination, they make up approximately
75 to 85% of the volume of concrete with the coarse aggregate taking up the majority of this volume.
The paste is a combination of cement, water and entrained air, and comprises approximately 15 to
25% of the volume of concrete.
The cement and water combine in a chemical reaction called hydration. Hydration is what
causes the concrete to set and is also what causes the heat in the curing process. The ratio of water
to all cementitious materials in the paste is the key factor in determining the strength and quality of
concrete. In general, the lower the water cementitious ratio, the stronger and more durable the
concrete will be.
The characteristics of a batch of concrete can be catered to specific environments, conditions
and intended uses with the careful addition of pozzolans and admixtures. Workability, durability,
strength and temperature can be greatly effected by how the concrete is batched, mixed, placed and
cured.
2 3. Department Parameters for Classes of Concrete (per the 2004 FDOT Standard
Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction)

Table 1
Class of
Concrete
Minimum 28
Day Strength
Target Slump
(c)
Air Content
Range (%)
Minimum
Total
Cementitious
Content
*Maximum
Water
Cement
Ratio
I (Pavement)
3000 psi
[21 MPa]
2 in.
[50 mm]
1 to 6
508 lbs/yd³
[300 kg/m³]
0.50
I (Special)
(a)
3000 psi
[21 MPa]
3 in. (b)
[75 mm]
1 to 6
508 lbs/yd³
[300 kg/m³]
0.50
II
(a)
3400psi
[23 MPa]
3 in. (b)
[75 mm]
1 to 6
564 lbs/yd³
[335 kg/m³]
0.49
II (Bridge
Deck)
4500 psi
[31 MPa]
3 in. (b)
[75 mm]
1 to 6
611 lbs/yd³
[365 kg/m³]
0.44
III
5000 psi
[35 MPa]
3 in. (b)
[75 mm]
1 to 6
611 lbs/yd³
[365 kg/m³]
0.44
III (Seal)
3000 psi
[21 MPa]
8 in.
[200 mm]
1 to 6
611 lbs/yd³
[365 kg/m³]
0.52
IV
5500 psi
[38 MPa]
3 in. (b)
[75 mm]
1 to 6
658 lbs/yd³
[390 kg/m³]
0.41
IV (Drilled
Shaft)
4000 psi
[28 MPa]
8 in.
[200 mm]
0 to 6
658 lbs/yd³
[390 kg/m³]
0.41
V (Special)
6000 psi
[41 MPa]
3 in. (b) (d)
[75 mm]
1 to 5
752 lbs/yd³
[445 kg/m³]
0.37 (e)
6500 psi
[45 MPa]
3 in. (b)
[75 mm]
1 to 5
752 lbs/yd³
[445 kg/m³]
0.37 (e)
VI
8500 psi
[59 MPa]
3 in. (b)
[75 mm]
1 to 5
752 lbs/yd³
[445 kg/m³]
0.37
*Calculation of water to cementitious materials ratio (w/cm) is based on the total
cementitious materials including silica fume, fly ash, metakaolin, or slag.
(a) The Contractor is permitted to use concrete meeting the requirements of ASTM C 478
(4000 psi [30 MPa]) in lieu of Class I or Class II concrete in precast items manufactured in plants
which meet the Department's Standard Operating Procedures for Precast Drainage products. Apply
the chloride content limits specified in 346-4.2 to all precast or cast-in-place box culverts.
(b) The Engineer may allow higher target slump, not to exceed 7 in. [180 mm], when a high
range water reducer is used.
3 (c) The Engineer may approve a reduction in the target slump for slip formed or prestressed
elements.
(d) When the use of silica fume or metakaolin is required as a pozzolan in Class V (Special)
concrete, ensure that the concrete does not exceed a permeability of 1000 coulombs at 28-days when
tested per AASHTO T 277. Submit two 4 in. [102 mm] diameter by 8 in. [203 mm] length
cylindrical test specimens to the Engineer for permeability testing prior to mix design approval. The
permeability of the concrete will be taken as the average of two tests. The Engineer may require
permeability tests during production.
(e) When the use of silica fume or metakaolin is required as a pozzolan, the engineer will
approve mix designs at maximum water to cementitious materials ratio of 0.35.
4. Maximum Chloride Content Limits for Concrete (as per the 2004 book)
Table 2
Application Production Mix Design
Non Reinforced N/A N/A
Reinforced
0.70 lb/yd³
[0.42 kg/m³]
0.64 lb/yd³
[0.38 kg/m³]
All applications that require Type II cement plus
pozzolans
0.40 lb/yd³
[0.24 kg/m³]
0.34 lb/yd³
[0.20 kg/m³]
Prestress
0.40 lb/yd³
[0.24 kg/m³]
0.34 lb/yd³
[0.20 kg/m³]
5. Initial Plant Approval
For a plant to be considered for Department approval, it must be reasonably assured it will be
producing concrete for a Department project. The plant owner or manager must make a written
request to the District Materials Engineer to have his plant placed on approved status. The Producer
must develop a Quality Control Plan (QCP), in accordance with Section 6-8, to be included with the
written request for plant approval. Once the request is received, the plant will be scheduled for an
inspection by Department personnel. Following successful completion of the inspection, the plant
will be assigned an identification number, placed on approved status and entered into the
Departments list of approved Concrete Production Facilities.
4 6. Normal Operation
While the plant is actively supplying concrete to Department projects, it will be re-inspected
by Department personnel every two months. These will be unannounced inspections. If
discrepancies are found in the inspections, the plant may be removed from fully approved status and
placed on either conditional status or non-approved status depending on the nature of the
discrepancies and the corrective action required.
7. Expiration of Approval
If a plant goes over two months without doing any Department work, the bimonthly
inspections may be terminated and the plant’s approval status may be considered expired. The plant
owner or manager may request removal from the approved status at anytime the plant is not
producing for the Department. To bring a plant back on line, the plant owner or manager must
notify the District Materials Engineer at least five working days in advance of expected Department
work.
8. Plant Personnel Requirements
Concrete production facilities supplying concrete to Department projects shall have adequate
qualified personnel. Batch Plant operator, certified technicians and manager of quality control are
required positions for an approved concrete production facility. At the discretion of the Department,
certain functions of the above positions may be combined when it can be demonstrated that the plant
operation and quality of the concrete will not be detrimentally affected. CTQP Qualified Technicians
utilizing equipment with a valid calibration/verification will perform Quality Control sampling and
testing. This qualification of any technician shall be made available upon request.
a. Batch Plant Operator
Personnel who have quality control functions or who sign concrete certification/delivery
tickets must demonstrate, through examination, adequate concrete related knowledge. Plant
Operators shall be present during batching operations. The Plant Operator shall be qualified by the
Department’s Construction Training and Qualification Program (CTQP).
b. Certified Technicians
Personnel who perform the tests on the plastic properties of concrete, such as slump,
temperature, air content, making/curing concrete cylinders and calculating the water to cementitious
materials ratio, shall be qualified as a Concrete Field Inspector – Level I by the Department’s
Construction Training and Qualification Program (CTQP).
Personnel who perform the tests on the hardened properties of concrete, such as strength of
cylinders, shall be qualified as a Concrete Laboratory Technician – Level I by the Department’s
Construction Training and Qualification Program (CTQP).
c. Mix Design Technician
Personnel who have quality control functions of designing a concrete mix must demonstrate,
through examination, adequate concrete related knowledge. Such examinations will deal with
Department specifications and concrete quality control procedures. The Mix Design Technician
shall be qualified as a Concrete Laboratory Technician – Level II by the Department’s Construction
Training and Qualification Program (CTQP).
5 d. Manager of Quality Control

Personnel who perform the duties of managing the quality control of the plant shall be
qualified as a Concrete Laboratory Technician – Level II by the Department’s Construction Training
and Qualification Program (CTQP). The personnel shall also have the following qualifications:
1. Three years of quality control experience directly related to cement concrete
production.
2. Demonstrated proficiency in implementing, supervising and maintaining
surveillance over a quality control program.
3. Experience or certification in performance of required quality control tests and in
organization and statistical evaluation of quality control test results.
The personnel who perform the duties of managing the quality control of the production
facility shall have the following duties and responsibilities:
Implement policies and procedures of the quality control program.
Maintain liaison with Project Manager and the Department on all activities related to
quality control.
Supervise the activities of all quality control technicians, ensuring sufficient manpower in
all areas related to quality control testing and inspection.
Review all quality control procedures to ensure compliance with project specifications.
Ensure all quality control records are properly prepared and reviewed.
Ensure that quality control activities are performed in accordance with documented
instructions and procedures.
Develop and maintain a filing, storage and retrieval system for quality control records.
9. Material Information and Requirements
a. Portland Cement
Portland cement will meet the requirements of Section 921 of FDOT’s Standard
Specifications. Acceptance of the Portland cement at the batch plant will be based upon certified
mill analyses from the cement producer. The certification must state the type of cement and that it
meets the requirements of AASHTO M-85. Certifications must be kept at the plant for at least three
years.
Unless specifically designated elsewhere, use one of the following types of cement:
1. Type I. General purpose cement. Used in areas not subjected to aggressive
exposures. Used in placements not subject to objectionable temperature rise due to heat of
hydration.
2. Type II. Used when a moderately aggressive environment is a concern.
Generates less heat than Type I. Suggested for mass placements. Mixed with pozzolans for
extremely aggressive environments.
3. Type III. Higher early strength, quicker set, and generates more heat than Type I.
It is similar to Type I except the particles are ground finer. Suggested in situations requiring
early form removal.
4. Type IP. Portland-pozzolan cement is a mix of 15% to 40% by weight of
pozzolan and cement. Suitable for general construction.
6 5. Type IS. Portland blast-furnace slag cement is a mix of 25% to 40% by weigh of
granulated blast-furnace slag and cement. Suitable for general construction.
6. Type IP(MS). A type of Type IP cement which is designated moderate sulfate
resistant and must have a pozzolan constituent in the range of 15 to 40% by weight.
Use only the types of cements designated for the environmental conditions shown in
the following table (as per the 2004 book).
Table 3
Bridge Superstructures
Component
Slightly Aggressive
Environment
Moderately
Aggressive
Environment
Extremely
Aggressive
Environment
Precast
Superstructure and
Prestressed Elements
Type I, or Type III
Type I or Type III
with Fly Ash or Slag;
Type II, Type IP,
Type IS, or Type
IP(MS)
Type II with Fly Ash
or Slag
C.I.P. Superstructure
Slabs and Barriers
Type I
Type I with Fly Ash
or Slag, Type II,
Type IP, Type IS, or
Type IP(MS)
or Slag
Bridge Substructure, Drainage Structures, and Other Structures
All Structure
Components
Type I, or Type III
Type I with Fly Ash
or Slag, Type II,
Type IP, Type
IP(MS), or Type IS
or Slag
Plants must provide a separate and clearly labeled weather-proof facility to store each brand
or type of cement available during production. The cement bins must have a vibratory system to aid
the flow of cement from the bins. There must be a suitable, safe and convenient means of collecting
samples. Samples will be taken periodically from the plant and tested by the Department.
Cement quantity must be determined by weight. Weigh cement and pozzolanic materials
separately from other materials. When weighing cement, other pozzolans and slag in a cumulative
weigh hopper, weigh the cement first.
If bagged Cementitious material is permitted, proportion the batch to use only whole bags.
In the United States, a bag of Portland Cement weighs 94 pounds and has a volume of about 1 cu ft
when freshly packed.
b. Pozzolans and Slag

Fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin and slag must meet the requirements of Section 929 of the
Standard Specifications. The quantities of pozzolans and slag must be determined by weight. When
7 weighing pozzolans in a cumulative weigh hopper with cement, the cement must be weighed first.
Fly ash will be accepted based on certified test reports from laboratory meeting the
requirements of Section 6-9. Fly ash must meet the requirements of ASTM C 618 for Class F. Class
C Fly ash must meet the requirements of ASTM C 1012.
Slag will be accepted based on certified test results from the slag manufacturer and meet the
requirements of ASTM C 989.
Silica Fume will be accepted based on certified test results received from the supplier
indicating that it meets the requirements of ASTM C 1240.
Metakaolin will be accepted based on certified mill test results from the metakaolin producer
that it meets the requirements of ASTM C-618 Class N pozzolan.
Plants must provide a separate and clearly labeled weatherproof facility to store each brand
or type of pozzolan on hand. There must be a suitable, safe and convenient means of collecting
samples. Samples will be taken periodically from the plant and tested by the Department.
Certifications must be kept at the plant for each type of pozzolan used on Department projects.
Pozzolanic materials may be used as a cement replacement, on a pound per pound [kg per
kg] basis, in all classes of concrete using Type I, II, or III cement, with the following limitations:
1. Mass Concrete:
a. Fly Ash-ensure that the quantity of cement replaced with fly ash is 18% to 50% by
weight.
b. Slag-ensure that the quantity of cement replaced with slag is 50% to 70% by weight.
Ensure that slag is 50% to 55% of total cementitious content by weight of total
cementitious materials when use in combination with silica fume and/or metakaolin.
2. Drilled Shaft:
weight.
b. Slag-ensure that the quantity of cement replaced with slag is 58% to 62% by weight.
3. For all other concrete uses not covered in (1) and (2) above,
weight.
b. Slag-ensure that the quantity of cement replaced with slag is 25% to 70% for Slightly
and Moderately Aggressive environments, and 50% to 70% by weight when used in
Extremely Aggressive environments. Ensure that slag is 50% to 55% of total
cementitious content by weight of total cementitious materials when use in
combination with silica fume and/or metakaolin.
4. Type IP (MS): Ensure that the quantity of pozzolan in Type IP (MS) is in the range of
15% to 40% by weight.
8 5. Silica Fume and Metakaolin:
a. Cure in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation and approved by the
Engineer.
b. Silica Fume-ensure that the quantity of cement replaced with silica fume is 7% to 9%
by weight.
c. Metakaolin-ensure that the quantity of cement replaced with metakaolin is 8% to
12% by weight.
c. Aggregate
Gradations - Coarse aggregate must meet the requirements of Section 901 of the Standard
Specifications. Concrete will be batched with Size No. 57 or 67 coarse aggregate. The Engineer
may approve the use of Size No. 8 or 89, either alone or blended, with Size No. 57 or 67 coarse
aggregate. The Engineer may consider other gradations after the Producer has submitted sufficient
statistical data to show production quality and uniformity.
Fine aggregate must meet the requirements of Section 902 of the Standard Specifications.
All Aggregate shall be obtained from Department approved sources. A list of approved
sources will be maintained by the Department and made available from the State Materials Office.
As a minimum, each plant must provide suitable bins, stockpiles or silos to store and identify
aggregates without mixing, segregating or contaminating the different sources or grades.
Identification shall include DOT designated, approved pit number and aggregate grade. Measure
aggregates by mass or volume within an accuracy of 1% of the required amount. Apply aggregate
surface moisture corrections.
The Producer shall be responsible for handling the aggregates so as to minimize segregation
and recover material from the stockpile for use in the mix so it will remain within specification
limits. Stockpiles shall be maintained in a well drained condition to minimize free water content and
to not promote algae/fungal growth. The Producer shall make available to the Department, from the
recovery side of the stockpile where feasible, the quantities of aggregate necessary for sampling and
testing to ensure compliance with project specifications.
Wetting Coarse Aggregate - The entire surface of the coarse aggregate shall be
continuously and uniformly sprinkled with water for a minimum period of 24-hours immediately
preceding introduction into the concrete. Any request for deviations from the 24-hour sprinkling
requirement should be addressed in the Producer's Quality Control Program for consideration by the
District Materials Engineer.
d. Water
Water must meet the requirements of Section 923 of the Standard Specifications.
If water is from a city source and approved for public use, it does not need to be sampled. If
water is from a well, it must be sampled prior to use on a Department project and every six months
thereafter. If water comes from an open body of water, it must be sampled and tested prior to use
and then every 30 days.
Water trivia: one gallon weighs 8.33 pounds, one cubic foot contains 7.49 gallons which
weighs 62.4 pounds. Water is used as the base substance for determining specific gravity so its
specific gravity equals 1.
9 e. Admixtures
Admixtures will meet the requirements of Section 924 of the Standard Specficiations.
Chemical admixtures not covered in Section 924 may be approved by the Engineer. Submit
statistical evidence supporting successful laboratory and field trial mixes which demonstrate
improved concrete quality or handling characteristics.
Do not use admixtures or additives containing calcium chloride (either in the raw materials
or introduced during the manufacturing process) in reinforced concrete.
1. Air Entraining Admixtures

Air entraining admixtures are used to introduce microscopic air bubbles into a concrete
mix. The benefits include improved workability, increased freeze-thaw resistance and improved
durability. Entrained air can slightly reduce the strength of the concrete.
All concrete (except counterweight) used for FDOT projects must contain air entraining
admixture.
2. Water-Reducing Admixtures (Type A)

Water-reducers are used to reduce the amount of water in a mix while maintaining a
certain workability or consistency. For a given water content in a mix, water reducers will increase
the slump.
Concrete must contain either a water-reducing (Type A) or water-reducing and retarding
(Type D) admixture.
3. Water Reducing and Retarding Admixtures (Type D)

Retarders are used to delay the set time of concrete and reduce the amount of water in a
mix while maintaining a certain workability or consistency. It may be used to offset the effects of
hot weather or to provide sufficient time before setting in difficult placement or finishing operations.
Concrete must contain either a water-reducing (Type A) or water-reducing and retarding
(Type D) admixture.
4. High Range Water Reducer (HRWR) (Type F or G, or Class I, or II)

HRWR will provide significantly increased slump with reduced water requirements. This
has the benefit of providing high slump, high strength concrete that has a low water cement ratio.
The latest HRWRs will provide a flowable concrete that does not segregate, has water cement ratios
below 0.30, and results in a very strong finished product.
If the design mix uses silica fume or metakaolin, the concrete must contain an approved
high range water reducer. If the proper approval has been obtained, HRWR may be used in other
applications, as well.
5. Corrosion Inhibitors - Calcium Nitrite

Calcium Nitrite is used to protect the reinforcing steel from the penetration of chloride
ions. It form a protective layer around the steel to mitigate the chloride attach. It is generally used in
projects in extremely aggressive environments. If calcium nitrite is required, the design mix must
also consist of Type II cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag or Class F fly ash, and a Type
D water reducing and retarding admixture. It may also require a type F, HRWR to provide required
workability.
Calcium nitrite must be stored in dark containers to protect it from the sun. The total
batch water of a concrete mix must be adjusted when using calcium nitrite. For example if the mix
is in English units, each gallon of calcium nitrite may add 7.0 lbs or 0.84 gallons of water to the mix.
If it is a metric unit batch, each liter of calciumnitrite may add 0.84 kg or 0.84 liters of water to the
10 mix.
10. Scales and Meters

All scales, meters and other weighing or measuring devices, excluding admixture dispensers,
shall be checked for accuracy by a qualified representative of a scale company registered with the
Bureau of Weights and Measures of the Florida Department of Agriculture prior to production of
concrete. Scales, meters and other weighing or measuring devices, excluding admixture dispensers,
shall be checked quarterly at a minimum. The Department reserves the right to be present during all
scale checks.
a. Water Measuring Devices

Water measuring devices used during batching operations at concrete plants are to be
checked for accuracy at least quarterly. Accuracy of these devices is checked by weight or
volume. Any container used for accuracy verification must be capable of holding the maximum
quantity of water normally used during batching sequence.
If accuracy is checked by volume, the maximum capacity of the container used must
be known in gallons [liters]. Graduation marks must be readily visible on the container at each
level checked, ensuring accurate volume determination to the nearest 0.5 gallon [2 L]. Accuracy
of these graduation marks must be documented by a scale company registered with the Bureau of
Weights and Measurements, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.
Use of a flow meter mounted in series is acceptable provided the accuracy of the flow
meter is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The accuracy of the
calibration device should be checked annually.
Measure water by volume or weight. Whichever method is used, construct the
equipment so that the accuracy of measurement is not affected by variations in pressure in the
water supply line. Use a meter or weighing device capable of being set to deliver the required
quantity and to automatically cut off the flow when the required quantity has been discharged.
Ensure that the measuring equipment has accuracy, under all operating conditions, within 1% of
the quantity of water required for the batch.
Regardless of the method used, the following guidelines will be followed when
measuring devices are checked for conformity with accuracy requirements of the specification or
accuracy requirements as specified herein:
Devices will be checked up to the maximum quantity normally required for a batch. At
least four step - checks will be made at approximately equal intervals, including the maximum
quantity normally required for a batch.
The report supplied by the qualified agency performing the check shall include the date
of inspection, signature of the agency representative, observed deviations for each quantity checked
and a statement that the device conforms to Department specifications. A copy of the report
corresponding with the current certificate of inspection shall be available at the plant where the
device is located.
A certificate of inspection bearing the date of certification and signed by a representative
of the qualified agency shall be affixed to the measuring device.
Methods not specifically detailed above are considered acceptable if District Materials
Personnel verify compliance with conditions and guidelines stated in the specifications, or other
written authority.
11 b. Admixture Measuring Dispensers

Admixture measuring dispenser accuracy shall be certified annually by the admixture
supplier. Calibrate the dispensing equipment for calcium nitrite quarterly.
c. Recorders
Plants equipped with recording mechanisms must provide records that are clear, complete
and permanent indications of plant performance. Where necessary, recorder information may be
supplemented by the batcher during the batching operation. The Department shall be allowed to
review recorder history at any time.
11. Batching Accuracy

Failure to maintain batching operations of the plastic concrete within the tolerance for each
component material requires immediate investigation and corrective action by the concrete producer,
and automatically places the plant on conditional approved status. Failure to implement corrective
measures will be cause for placing the plant on non-approved status and suspension of the Quality
Control Plan.
Admixture measuring equipment (whether volume or weight) must have an accuracy, under
all operating conditions, of 3% of the quantity required for any potential batch size produced at the
plant.
Graduated weigh beams or dials must be able to read to 0.1% of the scale’s capacity.
Scales to weigh cements, pozzolans, coarse and fine aggregates must be maintained to an
accuracy of 0.5% of the maximum load it normally handles.
Calcium nitrite dispensers must be calibrated quarterly, other admixture measuring
dispensers shall be certified annually by the admixture supplier.
12. Required Plant Records

All records shall be kept on file at each plant and made available upon request by the
Department. The following updated information shall be available at each plant:
1. Producer Quality Control program and plant approval status.
2. Approved concrete design mixes.
3. Materials source/specification compliance (delivery tickets, certifications, certified mill
test reports, miscellaneous test reports).
4. Quality Control data (gradation and absorption worksheets, fresh and hardened concrete
test results, sample frequency data, and any additional information required by the
District Materials Engineer).
5. Plant and mixer design data as required by project specifications.
6. Federal poster.
7. Contract documents, as determined necessary by the District Materials Engineer.
8. A copy of the scale company or testing agency report showing the observed deviations
from quantities checked during calibration of scales or meters. Certification documents
for admixture weighing and measuring dispensers.
12 9. Chloride test data. Ensure that testing for chlorides is performed by a laboratory meeting
the requirements of Standard Specification Section 6-9.
10. Weekly mixer inspection certification (a copy of the truck mixer certification shall be
located in the truck cab and in the plant).
11. Moisture Control records including date and time of test.
12. Daily records of all concrete batched for delivery to Department projects, including
respective design mix numbers and quantities of batched concrete.
12. Production Criteria

Concrete production must continually meet the following criteria:
a. The average of any three consecutive strength test results can not fall below the
specified minimum strength.
b. No single strength test result can fall more than 500 psi [3 MPA] below the specified
minimum strength.
If either of the above criterion are not met, the Department will automatically void plant
approval.
13. Design Mixes

Design mixes shall meet the requirements of Standard Specification 346. Form 675-010-03,
Concrete Design Mix [Form 675-010-04 for metric projects] shall be used for design mix submittals.
Plants furnishing concrete to multiple projects may use approved concrete mix designs on
different projects, provided component materials and project requirements of the approved mix
design remain the same. The concrete production facility shall submit mix design requests directly to
the District Materials Engineer in the District that the concrete production facility is located. If a
concrete producer is located out-of-state, then the mix design submission will be to the nearest
District Materials Engineer.
The District Materials Engineer will monitor or otherwise review the proportioning, mixing
and testing of the proposed mix. When the mix properties and components have been verified, the
District Materials Office will so advise the State Materials Office, who will issue approval for the
mix design. Those mix designs that cannot be verified regarding final properties or components will
be returned to the concrete producer as unacceptable for use on Department projects. Make a
separate submittal for each class of concrete and each particular combination of component materials
to be used at trial mix temperatures of 70 to 85ºF [20 to 30ºC], and for hot weather mixes at a
minimum temperature of 94ºF [35ºC]. Use only design mixes approved by the State Materials Office
for Department use. The approved concrete mix design will remain in effect until the District
Materials Office authorizes a change in writing.
Include the following with the mix design submittal:
a. The Department approved source identification number for coarse and fine aggregates,
specific gravity, along with the size of coarse aggregate and target Fineness Modulus for
fine aggregate. Identify other component materials by manufacturer, brand name, and
type.
b. The actual proportions of raw materials intended to be combined to produce the concrete.
c. Historical or trial mix data:
13 1) Historical data from a minimum of 15 consecutive Department acceptance tests
of production concrete, made in accordance with the proposed mix design, which
demonstrates that the proposed mix has met all applicable plastic and hardened
concrete specification criteria without failure. For drilled-shaft concrete to be
placed in (1) a wet shaft, or (2) a dry shaft requiring a temporary removable
casing, provide slump loss test results. The Department will not approve hot
weather mixes based on historical data.

2) Alternatively, test data from a single trial mix which demonstrates that the
produced concrete using the proposed mix, designated ingredients and designated
water to cementitious materials ratio will have a slump within ± 0.5 inch
[±15 mm] of the target value (or for mixes utilizing HRWR, within ±1 inch
[±25 mm] of the target value), air content of 2.5% to 5% and strength required to
meet an over design which is the minimum required strength plus 1.6 standard
deviations.
d. The chloride content of the proposed design mix. The Department will not approve mix
designs when the chloride content of the trial mix exceeds the limits shown in Standard
Specification Section 346-4.
e. For design mixes developed for use under hot weather concreting conditions: Hold the
trial mix in the mixer for 90 minutes after completion of initial mixing. During the
extended mixing period, turn the drum intermittently for 30 seconds every five minutes.
Cover the drum with wet burlap or an impermeable cover material during the rest
periods. At the end of the 90-minute period, remix the trial mix for a minimum of one
minute and make a slump test to verify that the concrete is within the specified range for
slump.
On completion of the extended mixing period, ensure that the trial mix concrete has a slump
within ±0.75 inch [±20 mm] of the target value (±1 inch [±25 mm] for mixes utilizing HRWR), and
an air content between 2% and 5%. If below the target range, the producer may adjust the slump by a
water addition. After the water addition, remix the concrete for a minimum of two minutes. Ensure
that the mix temperature is not less than 94ºF [34ºC] at any time.
The total water used in initial mixing and the final slump adjustment constitutes the design
mix water content. Ensure that the total water to cementitious materials ratio does not exceed the
maximum water to cementitious ratio of Table 3 in the Standard Specification 346-4, for the
respective class of concrete. The Department may require extended mixing for precast/prestressed
concrete when centrally mixed at the placement site.
For design mixes proposed for use in wet drilled shafts, demonstrate the additional
requirements in Standard Specification Section 346-3.2.
Submit strength test data for establishing the standard deviation of the plant to meet the
specified strength of the mix submitted for approval within 1,000 psi [7 MPa]. The strength test data
shall represent either a group of at least 30 consecutive tests or a statistical average for two groups
totaling 30 or more tests. When the Department cannot determine the plant standard deviation from
historical data, apply an over design requirement, based on a singular trial mix, that is the minimum
required strength plus 1,200 psi [8 MPa] for minimum required concrete strengths of 5,000 psi
[35 MPa] or less. For minimum required concrete strengths above 5,000 psi [35 MPa], apply an over
design requirement that is the minimum required strength plus 1,400 psi [10 MPa].
Ensure that preparation and testing of the trial mixes is performed by a laboratory acceptable
to the Department which (A) has been inspected by the CCRL on a regular basis, with all
14 deficiencies corrected, and under the supervision of a Specialty Engineer, Engineer’s representative
or a professional Engineer, or (B) meets all the requirements of ASTM C 1077. The Department may
give consideration to approval of laboratories operating under other independent inspection
programs demonstrated to be equivalent to the programs recognized in (A) and (B). Ensure that the
28-day strength (or strength at any other designated age) of trial mixes meets the above stated over
design requirements to ensure that concrete sampled and tested at the point of placement has a
strength exceeding the specified minimum strength.
All structural concrete supplied to Department projects must be from an approved design
mix. The design mix will have an identification number assigned by the Department. Additionally,
the design mix must be approved for the project it will be delivered to.
14. Batching Tolerances

Concrete must be batched within the following tolerances.
a. Silica fume and metakaolin must be within 1% of the required batch quantity.
b. Cementitious materials (batch size over 3 yd³) must be within 1% of the required
batch quantity.
c. Cementitious materials (batch size of 3 yd³ or less) must be within 2% of the
required batch quantity.
d. Fine and Coarse Aggregates must be within 1% of the their respective required batch
quantity.
Failure to maintain the batching tolerance for each component material automatically places
the plant on conditional status.
15. Batch Adjustments for Material
Permissible adjustments to previously approved design mixes that may be made without a
new design mix request are as follows:
a. Coarse or Fine Aggregate: ±75 lbs/yd
[±45 kg/m
] of concrete
b. Admixtures: Shall be within the manufacturer's technical data sheet range. Adjustments
falling outside the technical data sheet range shall require design mix re-verification.
c. Cementitious Materials: ±6.5% per cubic yard [cubic meter], but not less than the
specified minimum for that class of concrete
The Adjusted mix must meet the theoretical yield requirements of the approved mix design.
The Producer shall inform the District Materials Engineer of any adjustments to the mix.
Batch adjustments shall be noted on the concrete delivery tickets.

16. Batch Adjustments for Aggregate Moisture
Within two hours prior to each day's batching, free moisture shall be determined for the
coarse and fine aggregates. On continuous concrete placements expected to exceed three hours, an
additional moisture test shall be required approximately half way through the batching operations.
The concrete producer shall use these values for adjustment of batch proportions.
One or more of the following methods shall determine aggregate free moisture:
By using moisture probe readings, speedy moisture tester or Chapman flask for fine
aggregate moisture. The accuracy of the moisture probe shall be verified at least weekly by the
15 manufacturer's recommended method and by method (2) below. The Chapman flask and speedy
moisture tester shall be verified at least weekly by method (2) below.
By calculating both coarse and fine aggregate free moisture based upon dry sample
weights and adjusting for absorption.
By towel drying coarse aggregate to calculate free moisture on saturated surface dry
aggregate. The accuracy of towel drying shall be verified weekly by method (2) above.
17. TruckMixers
a. General Requirements
Provide mixers of an approved type that are capable of combining the components of the
concrete into a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass, free from balls or lumps, which are capable of
discharging the concrete with a satisfactory degree of uniformity.
b. Design
Use truck mixers of the inclined axis revolving drum type, or concrete plant central
mixers of the non-tilting, tilting, vertical shaft or horizontal shaft types.
Make available at the batching plant at all times a copy of the manufacturer's design,
showing dimensions and arrangement of blades. The concrete producer may use mixers that have
been altered from such design in respect to blade design and arrangement, or to drum volume, when
concurred by the manufacturer and approved by the Department.
Ensure that metal rating plates are attached to each mixer specifying its mixing speed,
agitating speed, rated capacity and unit serial number.
c. Truck Mixers
Use truck mixers with a drumthat is actuated by a power source independent of the truck
engine or by a suitable power take-off. Ensure that either system provides control of the rotation of
the drum within the limits specified on the manufacturer's rating plate, regardless of the speed of the
truck. Use truck mixers of the revolving drum type that are equipped with a hatch in the periphery of
the drum shell which permits access to the inside of the drum for inspection, cleaning and repair of
the blades.
Use truck mixers equipped with revolution counters of an approved type and mounting,
by which the number of revolutions of the drum may be readily verified.
Ensure that the water supply system mounted on truck mixers is equipped with a
volumetric water gauge or approved water meter in operating condition. Annually calibrate water
measuring devices on truck mixers or other water sources used for concrete water adjustments.
Where a truck mixer volumetric gauge controls job site water additions, ensure the truck
mixer is parked in a level condition during on-site water adjustments so that the gauge is indicating a
specific tank volume before and after the concrete adjustment. When water additions exceed
4 gal/yd
[20 L/m
] of concrete, ensure that the water measuring equipment has an accuracy of
within 3% of the indicated quantity.
Truck mixers meeting these requirements and Standard Specification Section 346 will be
issued an identification card by the District Materials Engineer upon request from the concrete
producer. Identification cards shall be displayed in the truck cab when delivering concrete for
Department use. Failure to display the identification card in the truck cab shall be cause for rejection
of the delivered concrete. The Department may remove the identification cards when a truck mixer is
discovered to be in noncompliance.
As an exception to the above, when the deficiency involves only an inoperable revolution
counter, the truck mixer identification card will not be removed. However, the Department will note
16 the deficiency on the card. The Producer will be allowed to deposit the concrete in the mixer, and the
truck mixer will then be removed from use until the revolution counter is repaired or replaced. On
the next delivery to any Department project, after repair or replacement of the counter, the truck
mixer operator shall make known that the revolution counter is operable and obtain the
Department’s initial on the truck mixer identification card. Without such inspection and
documentation of corrective action, the Department may reject the truck mixer at any time it is again
found to have an inoperable revolution counter. The revolution counter will be set to zero prior to
mixing.
The Producer shall inspect all truck mixers at least once each week for changes due to
accumulation of hardened concrete or to wear of blades. The blades shall be repaired as necessary to
meet the requirements. Any appreciable accumulation of hardened concrete shall be removed before
any mixer may be used.
Copies of the most recent water measuring equipment calibration shall be kept in the truck
cab and available upon request.
18. Central Mixers

Use stationary type mixers equipped with an approved timing device which will
automatically lock the discharge lever when the drum is charged and release it at the end of the
mixing period. In the event of failure of the timing device, the Department may allow operations to
continue during the day that failure was noticed for the first time. Do not extend such operations
beyond the end of that working day. The mixer shall be operated at the speed recommended by the
manufacturer.
The Producer shall inspect all mixers at least once each week for changes due to
accumulation of hardened concrete or to wear of blades.
19. Cleaning and Maintenance of Mixers

Repair or replace mixer blades of revolving drum type mixers when the radial height of the
blade at the point of maximum drum diameter is less than 90% of the design radial height. Ensure
all appreciable buildup of hardened concrete is removed from the drum. If not removed it may cause
inadequate mixing. Repair or adjust mixers of other designs per manufacturer’s instructions.
Resolve questions of performance through mixer uniformity tests as described in ASTM C 94.
20. Mixing and Delivering Concrete

a. General Requirements
Operate all concrete plant mixers at speeds per the manufacturer's design or
recommendation. Do not allow the volume of mixed batch material to exceed the manufacturers
rated mixing capacity. Mix concrete containing metakaolin or silica fume in accordance with their
supplier's recommendations.
When necessary and in order to produce concrete of the specified temperature during
cold weather conditions, heat either the mix water or the aggregates or both prior to batching. Apply
the heating uniformly in a manner, which is not detrimental to the mix. Do not heat the aggregates
directly by gas or oil flame or on sheet metal over fire. Do not heat the aggregates or water to a
temperature of over 150° F (66° C). If either is heated to over 100° F (38° C), mix them together
prior to the addition of the cement so that the cement does not come in contact with the materials,
17 which are in excess of 100° F (38° C). Include in the Quality Control Plan measures to maintain free
moisture in a well drained condition when heating aggregates.

b. Central Mixing
After all materials are in the mixer, mix the concrete a minimum of two minutes or the
manufacturer's recommended minimum, whichever is longer, unless the Department authorizes a
reduced mixing time.
c. Transit Mixing
Initially mix each batch between 70 and 100 revolutions of the drum at mixing speed.
When water is added at the job site, mix the concrete 30 additional mixing revolutions. When mixing
for the purpose of adjusting consistency, do not allow the total number of revolutions at mixing
speed to exceed 160. Discharge all concrete from truck mixers before total drum revolutions exceed
300. All revolutions of the drum shall be counted in the total number of revolutions.
Do not haul concrete in mixer trucks loaded with more than the rated capacity shown on
their attached plates.
d. Charging the Mixer

Charge each batch into the drum so that some water enters both in advance of and after
the cementitious material and aggregates. If using fly ash in the mix, charge it into the drum over
approximately the same interval as the cement. The concrete producer may use other time intervals
for the introduction of materials into the mix when the concrete producer demonstrates, using test
requirements specified in ASTM C 94, that he can achieve uniformity of the concrete mix.
For concrete mixes containing specialty ingredients (silica fume, metakaolin, corrosion
inhibitor calcium nitrite, accelerators, high range water reducers, etc.), charge the batch materials
into the mixer in a sequence recommended by the supplier. Adjust the weight of mixing water for a
concrete mix containing corrosion inhibitor admixture or silica fume slurry. Account for water in the
corrosion inhibitor or silica fume slurry as described in the manufacture’s technical data sheet.
21 Transit Time (per the 2004 book)

The maximum allowable time between initial introduction of water into the mix and
depositing the concrete in place is given below.
Non-Agitating Trucks Agitating Trucks
No water reducing and retarding
admixture (Type D or G) is used in the
mix.
45 minutes 60 minutes
Water reducing and retarding admixture
(Type D or G) is used in the mix.
75 minutes 90 minutes
22 Delivery Ticket
The following information is required information for each delivery ticket/certification. All
information shown on the delivery ticket/certification must be furnished with each load. The
information contained within Chapter 9.2 of the Materials Manual is required information on each
delivery ticket/certification. The original signature on the delivery ticket shall certify to the
accuracy of the recorded information and compliance with the approved design mix including the
chloride content requirements. A sample of a delivery ticket is provided in Attachment “B”.
1. Serial number of delivery ticket.
18 2. Plant number assigned by the Department.
3. Date of batching.
4. Contractor's name.
5. A description of the delivery location.
6. FDOT Financial Project Number.
7. Truck number making the concrete delivery.
8. Class of concrete.
9. Design mix number.

10. Time all materials are introduced into mixer.
11. Cubic yards [cubic meters] in this load.
12. Cumulative total cubic yards [cubic meters] batched for job on date of delivery.
13. Maximum allowable water addition at the job site.
14. Number of revolutions at mixing speed before leaving for job site.
15. Amount of mixing time for central mixer.
16. Coarse and fine aggregate sources (Department assigned Pit No.).
17. Actual weight of coarse and fine aggregates batched in pounds [kilograms].
18. Percent of free moisture in coarse and fine aggregates.
19. Cement producer and type.
20. Total weight of cement batched in pounds [kilograms].
21. Producer, brand name and class (whichever might apply) of Pozzolan or Slag.
22. Total amount of Pozzolan or Slag batched in pounds [kilograms].
23. Producer, supplier, type and total amount of air entraining agent used.
24. Producer, supplier, type and total amount of admixtures used.
25. Total amount of water batched at the plant in gallons [liters] or pounds [kilograms].
26. Statement of compliance with Department specifications.
27. Original signature of Plant Operator and Technician Identification Number.
The delivery ticket serves as certification to the Department that the concrete was batched in
accordance with the plans and specifications. There must be a delivery ticket with each load of
concrete delivered to the job site. It must be signed by the Plant Operator and have the actual
batched quantities (as opposed to the design mix quantities) on the delivery ticket.
19 23. Cold Weather Concreting
Do not mix concrete when the air temperature is below 45ºF [7ºC] and falling. The
Contractor may mix and place concrete when the air temperature in the shade, and away from
artificial heat, is 40ºF [4ºC] and rising. Protect the fresh concrete from freezing until the concrete
reaches a minimum compressive strength of 1,500 psi [10 MPa] unless the concrete is to be heat
cured.
24. Hot Weather Concreting
Hot weather concreting is defined as the production, placing and curing of concrete when the
concrete temperature at placing exceeds 85ºF [30ºC] but is less than 100ºF [40ºC].
Unless the specified hot weather concreting measures are in effect reject concrete exceeding
85ºF [30ºC] at the time of placement. Regardless of special measures taken, reject concrete
exceeding 100ºF [40ºC]. Predict the concrete temperatures at placement time and implement hot
weather measures to avoid production shutdown.
20 25. Acceptance/Rejection of Delivered Concrete
The acceptance or rejection of a load of concrete is based on many criterion. The following
list is by no means all-inclusive.
a. Slump. The following applies to non-Drill Shaft and non-HRWR concrete.
The target range is ± 0.75" [± 20 mm] of the target slump listed in Table 1 based on the
class of concrete. The target slump will also be shown on the design mix.
The tolerance range is ±1.5" [40 mm] of the target slump listed in Table 1 based on the
class of concrete.
1. Out of tolerance range.

If the slump differs more than 1.5" [40 mm] from the target
slump, high or low, the load will be rejected. If the slump is too high, neither adding cement nor
letting the truck sit to reduce slump are acceptable practices; neither will be allowed. If the slump is
too low, even if job site water is available, the load will be rejected. Immediate corrective action is
required at the plant to bring the succeeding loads within target range.
2. Within tolerance range but out of target range. If the slump is greater than 0.75” [± 20
mm] but less than 1.5" [40 mm] from the target, the concrete is acceptable. However, immediate
corrective action is required at the plant to bring the slump within 0.75" [± 20 mm] of the target on
successive deliveries. If the slump is on the low (dry) side and the delivery ticket shows allowable
job site water, the mix may be adjusted to bring it within target range.
3. Within target range. If the slump is within 0.75" [± 20 mm] of the target, the concrete
is accepted as is and no adjustments are allowed to the concrete.
TARGET SLUMP
← TOLERANCE RANGE →
← 1.5" [40 mm] → ← 1.5"[40 mm] →
ACCEPT ← TARGET RANGE → ACCEPT
←0.75" [20 mm] → ←0.75" [20 mm] →
LOW SLUMP
Load is always
REJECTED
without job
site
adjustment.
Do not add
water even if
job site water
is available.
If job site
water
available,
adjustment
allowed.
Plant must
make an
immediate
batching
adjustment.
ACCEPT
Do not adjust load.
ACCEPT
Do not adjust load.
No job site
adjustment
allowed.
Plant must
make an
immediate
batching
adjustment.
HIGH
SLUMP
Load is
always
REJECTED
without job
site
adjustment.
Do not add
cement. Do
not allow
truck to sit
and wait for
slump loss.
4. Adjusting out of range. If a load that was initially acceptable and in tolerance is
adjusted out of tolerance, it will be rejected.
5. A load of concrete that arrives within tolerance range and has job site water available
21 can only be adjusted once to bring it within target range. Adjustments are not permitted after
placement of the load has begun.
b. Slump. The following applies to Drill Shaft and any other concrete using HRWR.
In this case, the target range and the tolerance range are the same at ± 1.0" [± 25 mm] of
the target slump. The target slump for Drill Shaft concrete is 8" [200 mm]. For any other class of
concrete using HRWR, the target slump will be shown on the design mix and will not exceed 7"
[180 mm]. Delivered concrete must be within the ± 1.0" [± 25 mm] of the target slump, or the load
will be rejected.
1. If the air content is outside of the ranges listed in Table 1, the load will be rejected.
2. Water Cement Ratio. If the water cement ratio of the class of concrete or the design
mix is exceeded, the load will always be rejected.
3. If total revolutions of the mixer exceed 300, the load will be rejected.
4. Any transit times exceeding those shown in paragraph 17 will result in rejection of
the load.
5. Any concrete exceeding 100°F [40°C] will be rejected. Any concrete that is not from
an approved hot weather design mix will be rejected when it exceeds 85°F
[30°C].
26. Definitions
Absolute
volume
The volume of a material in a voidless state. This means that the absolute
volume of a granular material like cement or aggregate is the volume of the
solid matter in the material only, it does not include the volume of the voids
between particles.
Absolute volume =
Absorbed
moisture
The moisture in the pores and capillaries of a material. If an aggregate has
all the moisture it is capable of absorbing (SSD), it will not give or take any
water from the batch water. If an aggregate has not absorbed all the
moisture it is capable of absorbing (less than SSD), it will pull batch water
from the mix resulting in a drier than anticipated mix. If an aggregate has
more moisture than it is capable of absorbing (more than SSD), it has free
moisture it will contribute to the batch water resulting in a wetter than
anticipated mix.
Absorption The ability to take moisture into pores or capillaries. For aggregate, it is the
moisture content, given as a percent of the aggregate’s weight, when it has
reached a saturated surface dry condition. For example, if an aggregate has
an absorption of 1.0%, it will absorb a weight of water equal to 1.0% of its
own weight.
Accelerator An admixture designed to accelerate strength gain of concrete at an early

age. It should be noted that any admixture containing calcium chloride is
prohibited from use in any reinforced concrete application.
Weight of Material
(Specific Gravity of Material) x (Unit Weight of Water)
22 Admixtures Ingredients other than cement, water and aggregates that are added to a
concrete mix for any or all of the following reasons: reduce construction
costs; alter plastic properties; alter curing characteristics; improve
inclement weather concrete quality; improve durability; etc.
Air entraining admixture

Admixtures designed to purposely distribute microscopic air bubbles
throughout a batch of concrete. Air entrainment significantly improves the
durability of concrete to freeze-thaw cycles, improves workability, and
reduces segregation and bleeding. All FDOT concrete is required to have
an air entraining admixture.
Air dry
aggregate
Aggregate that is dry at the surface but contains some interior moisture.
Aggregate that is air dry is considered somewhat absorbent because it does
not contain all the moisture it is capable of holding (less than SSD).
Approved status
Fully approved plant status that is the normal operating status for concrete
plants which meet the requirements of Department specifications and
requirements.
Batch Plant Operator

The Department approved individual responsible for certifying the delivery
ticket with his original signature. Shall be present during all batching
operations for Department concrete. Department approval is currently
obtained by passing the Batch Plant Operator Exam conducted by
Construction Training Qualification Program (CTQP).
Bleed water Water that has migrated to the surface of freshly placed concrete. It is
caused by the settlement and consolidation of the solids in the mix due to
vibration and gravity.
Cement The bonding agent of concrete. All cements are hydraulic which set and
harden due to a chemical reaction with water called hydration.
Cementitious materials
Substances that have hydraulic cementing properties. Although pozzolans
have little or no cementitious value, they are included in the total weight of
cementitious material in a mix design.
Certified Technician
An individual with a current ACI Grade I certification. Will include
additional certifications from UF in the 2000-2001 time frame as part of the
Construction Training Qualification Program (CTQP).
Chloride content
The water soluble chloride-ion content in concrete measured in
weight/volume of concrete. See Table 2.
Coarse aggregate
Aggregate substantially retained on the No. 4 [4.75 mm] sieve. There is a
wide range of grading in classifying coarse aggregates.
Concrete A basic mixture of two components: aggregates and paste. Aggregates are
generally divided into two groups: fine and course. The paste is comprised
of cement and water and binds the aggregates into a hardened mass due to
the chemical reaction of the cement and water (see hydration).
Conditional plant status

Temporary operating status which may be used during the correction of
minor discrepancies.
23 Consistency Measured
with the slump test, it refers to the wetness, flowability, stiffness
and cohesion of the plastic concrete.
Cookout method
The method of determining aggregate moisture by cooking out all the
moisture in an oven. Total moisture is determined by subtracting the oven
dry weight from the wet weight of the aggregate.
Corrosion inhibitor
An admixture used to chemically arrest the corrosion reaction caused when
chloride ions reach the reinforcing steel in concrete structures. Calcium
nitrite is the most commonly used corrosion inhibitor.
Deleterious substances
Generally refers to undesirable substances that may be found in aggregates
and water. These may include clay, soft particles, salt, alkali, organic
matter, loam, oil, acid, chlorides, etc.
Delivery ticket Paperwork required to accompany every load of concrete delivered to the
Department. All information required on the delivery ticket may be
obtained from the District Materials Office. An original signature from a
certified Batch Plant Operator is required on each delivery ticket to certify
to the accuracy of the information and compliance with the approved design
mix.
Dry aggregate weight

Total weight of an aggregate with zero moisture content. Generally
determined by cooking the aggregate in an oven until it reaches a stabilized
weight.
Durability
A broad term referring to the ability of concrete to withstand the
environment and service conditions in which it is placed. It encompasses
the following and more: freeze/thaw resistance, abrasion resistance,
chemical resistance, permeability, control of cracking, etc.
Entrained air
Microscopic air bubbles purposely trapped in the concrete mix for
improved properties and characteristics. See air entraining admixture.
Entrapped air “Large” air bubbles trapped in the concrete mix - as opposed to
microscopic entrained bubbles. Also known as bug holes.
False set A significant loss of plasticity shortly after mixing. If this occurs, remix
the concrete without additional water before it is placed.
Fineness modulus (FM)

A general indication of the fineness or coarseness of an aggregate. It is
determined by a specific sieve analysis procedure.
Fine aggregate
Natural sand or crushed stone with most particles less than 0.2".
Fly ash It is the finely divided residue of the coal burning process in power plants.
This pozzolan contributes to the concrete’s long-term strength and
durability.
Free moisture
The moisture on the surface of an aggregate that is above and beyond the
absorbed moisture in an aggregate. It is expressed as a percentage of the
weight of the aggregate.
Free moisture = Total moisture - absorbed moisture
24 Fully absorbent
aggregate
Aggregate that has been oven dried removing all free and absorbed
moisture.
Grading See sieve analysis.
Heat of hydration
The heat generated by the chemical reaction between water and cement.
The amount of heat produced is primarily a function of the chemical makeup of the cement but is also
effected by such things as water-cement ratio,
cement fineness and temperature of curing.
High Range Water Reducer (HRWR)

See water reducing admixture. Reduces water by 12% to 30%.
Hot weather
concreting
Defined as the production, placing and curing of concrete when the
concrete temperature at placing is above 85°F [30°C] but below 100°F
[40°C].
Hot weather
design mix
A design mix that has been batched to satisfy the temperature, slump loss,
plastic and hardened properties, and maximum water cement ratio
requirements of the specifications to be designated a hot weather mix. See
hot weather concreting for definition.
Hydration The chemical reaction between the hydraulic calcium silicates of cement
and water. Hydration begins as soon as cement comes in contact with
water. Hydration will stop when there is insufficient moisture available in
the concrete to support the reaction.
Concrete
Production
Facility
Quality Control
Plan (QCP)
The concrete producer’s plan delineating all actions to be carried out to
ensure the produced concrete maintains the required properties from point
of production to the point of delivery. The required format for the Concrete
Production Facility QCP is available in Chapter 9.2 of the Materials
Manual located on the State Materials Office website.
Contractor’s
Quality Control
Plan
The contractor’s plan delineating all actions to be carried out to ensure the
concrete maintains specified quality and properties from the point of
delivery to the point of placement. The required format for the Contractor’s
QCP may be obtained from Section 105 of the Standard Specifications and
is located on the Specifications Office website.

Manager of
Quality Control
A required individual in any plant producing concrete for the Department.
Requires previous quality control experience and demonstrated proficiency
in managing a quality control program. Responsibilities include, but are
not limited to, implementing QC policies, maintaining communications
with Project Managers and Engineers, supervising QC technicians, and
ensuring QC records are properly prepared, maintained and filed.
Mass concrete Defined as any volume of cast-in-place concrete large enough to require
measures to deal with large temperature differentials within the mass of
concrete and the inherent cracking problems associated with those
temperature differentials. For Department projects, mass concrete will be
25 designated in the contract documents. A mass concrete mix design and a
proposed plan to monitor and control temperature differential is required
for Department projects. Temperature differentials must be kept at or
below 35°F [20°C] between internal and external portions of the mass.
Mixing
revolutions
Generally refers to transit truck mixers. Each batch must be initially mixed
between 70 - 100 revolutions at mixing speed. If water is added at the job
site, an additional 30 mixing revolutions is required. The total mixing
speed revolutions is not to exceed 160 and the total drum revolutions is not
to exceed 300 prior to total discharge of the load.
Moisture
content
The amount of moisture in a given material. Given as a percent of the
weight of the aggregate. The moisture content of a sample, in percent, is
found with the following equation:
(weight of dried sample)
(weight of original sample - weight of dried sample)
moisture (%) = 100 *
Moisture probe Generally an electrical resistance type meter used to determine the moisture
content of aggregates. The probes require periodic calibration and their
accuracy shall be verified at least weekly by the manufacturer’s
recommended method.
Non-approved
plant status
Not qualified to supply concrete to the Department.
Oven-dried
aggregate
weight
The weight of aggregate that has had all its moisture dried out by oven
cooking. Aggregate in this condition is considered fully absorbent because
of its potential to absorb water.
Plant Batcher Individuals who perform only the function of batching concrete. They do
not have to pass an exam to be Department approved but demonstrated
proficiency is required. A Batch Plant Operator must be present during
batching and to sign the delivery ticket.
Pozzolanic
Materials
Materials which have little or no cementitious value by themselves but, in a
finely divided form, have cementitious properties when mixed with water
and the byproduct of cement hydration.
Qualified
Products List
The Department generated list of all products suitable for immediate use in
Department projects.
Re-tempered
concrete
Concrete that has initially started to set (hydrate) and water has been added
to it to provide additional workability.
Retarding
admixture
Admixtures designed to slow the rate of setting of concrete. These may be
used to counteract the accelerating effects of hot weather or delay set for
unusual placements like drilled shafts.
Saturated Refers to aggregate that has absorbed all the moisture it is capable of
26 surface dry
(SSD)
absorbing and is dry on the outside. All design mix aggregate quantities
refer to SSD aggregate. SSD aggregate can neither absorb water from nor
contribute water to the concrete mix.
Sieve Analysis A process used to determine the particle size distribution of an aggregate.
The aggregate is sieved through several screens of known size to determine
the size distribution and grading of an aggregate.

Slag Ground granulated blast-furnace slag is a nonmetallic byproduct of iron
blast-furnace operations. This material is cementitious and will hydrate
with the addition of water. Only Grade 100 or better is allowed in
Department projects.
Specific gravity The relative density of a material compared to water. It is the ratio of the
material’s weight to the weight of an equal absolute volume of water.
Aggregates generally run between 2.4 and 2.9; cement is 3.15.
Superplasticizer See High Range Water Reducer.
Surface
moisture
See free moisture.
Tare A deduction from gross weight made to allow for the weight of a container.
For example, the tare weight of a pan is subtracted from the gross weight
of the pan and aggregate to get the net weight of the aggregate.
Target range Refers to a slump range. The target range is ±¾” [±20 mm] of the specified
target slump. Concrete delivered within the target range is accepted on the
job site without any adjustment.
Target slump Each class of concrete has a specified target slump. See Table 1.
Tolerance range Refers to slump range. For concrete other than drilled shaft, the tolerance
range is ±1.5" [±40 mm] of the specified target slump. For drilled shaft
concrete, the tolerance range is ±1" [±25 mm]. Concrete delivered within
the tolerance range is accepted on the job site. However, if the concrete is
outside the target range, the concrete producer must make immediate
corrections to bring the slump back within the target range.
Total aggregate
moisture
Absorbed plus free moisture.
Unit weight The weight of a given unit of concrete is a measure of its density.
Generally expressed in pounds per cubic foot or kilograms per cubic meter.
Standard weight concrete has a unit weight between 140 and 150 lbs/ft³
[2200 and 2400 kg/m³]. (ASTM C 138)
Unmetered
water
Any water added to a batch that is unaccounted for. This is strictly
prohibited in FDOT mixes,
Water reducing
admixture
Admixtures designed to reduce the water required to produce concrete at a
given slump, to reduce the water cement ratio of a given slump mix, or to
increase the slump of a mix with a set amount of batch water. Reduces
water by 5% to 10%.
27 Watercementitious
ratio
Total weight of all water in a mix divided by the total weight of all
cementitious materials in the mix. Water total must include
contributions/deductions for aggregate moistures (above or below SSD),
contributions from any admixtures or silica fume slurry, etc. Cementitious
materials must include all cement plus any fly ash, slag, silica fume,
metakaolin or any other pozzolan used in the mix design.
Wet aggregate
weight
Total weight of an aggregate including any absorbed and free moisture it
has.
Yield The volume of concrete produced in a batch. The yield is determined by
dividing the total weight of all the component materials batched by the unit
weight of the concrete. (ASTM C 138)
28 27. Calculations and examples
a. Calculating aggregate moisture from the cook-out method. Information you will need to be able to
collect:
1) Wwet
= weight of the wet aggregate and weighing pan (lbs [kg]).
2) Wdry = weight of oven dried aggregate and weighing pan (lbs [kg]).
3) Ptw = tare weight of the weighing pan
Determine the moisture content as a percent of the aggregate dry weight:
100 * [(Wwet
- Wdry)/(Wdry - Ptw)] = moisture content (%)
Example (1):
A sample of course aggregate is taken, weighed (Wwet
), dried, then re-weighed (Wdry). The weights
measured are given below. What is the moisture content of the stockpile represented by the sample?
Wwet
= 3.64 lbs
Wdry = 3.45 lbs
Ptw = 0.54 lbs
Calculate moisture content of the sample:

Moisture content (%) = 100 * [(3.64 – 3.45)/(3.45 – 0.54)] = 100 * [0.19/2.91] = 6.53%
Example (2):
Wwet
= 1,509.6 g
Wdry = 1,476.4 g
Ptw = 295.3 g
Calculate moisture content of the sample:
Moisture content (%) = 100 * [(1,509.6 - 1,476.4)/( 1,476.4 - 295.3)] = 100 * [33.2/1181.1] = 2.81%
===============================================================================
b. Calculating free moisture in aggregate. Information you will need to be able to collect:
1) Moisture content (see preceding examples).
2) Aggregate absorption.
Moisture content (%) - absorption (%) = free moisture (%)
Example (3):
The moisture content is determined to be 5.65% for a stockpile of coarse aggregate. This same
aggregate has an absorption of 2.5%. What is the free moisture?
Free moisture = 5.65 - 2.5 = 3.15%
29 Example (4):
The moisture content is determined to be 2.89% for a stockpile of fine aggregate. This same aggregate
has
an absorption of 1.4%. What is the free moisture?
Free moisture = 2.89 - 1.4 = 1.49%
=============================================================================
c. Determine the adjustment to batch water quantity and aggregate quantity due to aggregate
moisture.
Information you will need to be able to collect:
1) Free moisture (see Examples (3) and (4)).
2) Weight of SSD aggregate used per yd³ [m³] from the design mix.
A. This calculation takes a moisture content as a percentage of aggregate weight and turns it
into a measurable quantity (lbs, gal [kg, L]) to be used in the adjustment of both batch water and
aggregate
quantities. Convert the free moisture percent to a numeric value by dividing by 100. For example, in
Example (4),
the free moisture was determined to be 1.49%. The value used in calculating adjustments is 1.49/100 =
0.0149.
Adjustment = aggregate weight x converted free moisture
When the moisture content is greater than the absorption (usual case), the aggregate will give up water
to the mix.
The aggregate quantity must be increased by the adjustment and the water quantity must be reduced
by the
adjustment.
B. The water adjustment can be left in terms of pounds [kg] or can easily be converted to gal
[l]. One gallon of water weighs 8.33 lbs. One liter of water weighs 1 kg.
Water adjustment (gal) = [Water adjustment (lbs)]/8.33
Water adjustment (l) = [Water adjustment (kg)]/1.00
Example (5):
A design mix calls for 1,820 lbs of coarse aggregate and 270 lbs (32.4 gal) of water per yd³. The
aggregate
has an absorption of 2.4% and the moisture content is determined to be 6.1%. Calculate the
adjustments to batch
quantities per yd³. Figure the water adjustment in pounds and gallons.
Free moisture = 6.1 - 2.4 = 3.7%
Convert free moisture percent to a numeric value: 3.7/100 = 0.037

Determine the adjustment in pounds: 1,820 x 0.037 = 67.34 lbs
Adjusted aggregate quantity = 1,820 + 67.34 = 1,887.34 = 1,887 lbs/yd³
Adjusted water quantity (lbs) = 270 - 67.34 = 202.66 = 203 lbs
Determine water adjustment in gallons: 67.34/8.33 = 8.08
Adjusted water quantity (gal) = 32.4 - 8.08 = 24.32 = 24.3 gal
30 Example (6):
A design mix calls for 1,032 lbs of fine aggregate and 250 lbs (30.0 gal) of water per yd³. The aggregate
has
an absorption of 1.3% and the moisture content is determined to be 3.9%. Calculate the adjustments to
batch
quantities per yd³. Figure the water adjustment in pounds and gallons.
Free moisture = 3.9 - 1.3 = 2.6%
Determine the adjustment in pounds: 1,032 x 0.026 = 26.83 lbs
Adjusted aggregate quantity = 1,032 + 26.83 = 1,058.83 = 1,059 lbs/yd³
Adjusted water quantity (lbs) = 250 - 26.83 = 223.17 = 223 lbs
Determine water adjustment in gallons: 26.83/8.33 = 3.22 gal
Adjusted water quantity (gal) = 30.0 - 3.22 = 26.78 = 26.8 gal
Example (7):
A design mix calls for 1,086 kg of coarse aggregate and 159 kg (159 L ) of water per m³. The aggregate
has
an absorption of 2.6% and the moisture content is determined to be 5.9%. Calculate the adjustments to
batch
quantities per m³.
Free moisture = 5.9 - 2.6 = 3.3%
Determine the adjustment in pounds: 1,086 x 0.033 = 35.84 kg

Adjusted aggregate quantity = 1,086 + 35.84 = 1,121.84 = 1,122 kg/m³
Adjusted water quantity (kg and L) = 159 – 35.84 = 123.16 = 123 kg (or L)
Example (8):
A design mix calls for 679 kg of fine aggregate and 161 kg (161 L) of water per m³. The aggregate has an
absorption of 1.1% and the moisture content is determined to be 2.3%. Calculate the adjustments to
batch quantities
per m³.
Free moisture = 2.3 - 1.1 = 1.2%
Determine the adjustment in pounds: 679 x 0.012 = 8.15 kg
Adjusted aggregate quantity = 679 + 8.15 = 687.15 = 687 kg / m³
Adjusted water quantity (kg and L) = 161 - 8.15 = 152.85 = 153 kg (or L)
31 Example (9):
The following data applies to a design mix. Calculate the adjusted aggregate and water quantities.
Moisture Absorption Quantity / yd³
Coarse aggregate: 5.7 2.2 1,765
Fine aggregate: 4.4 1.5 1115
Water: 260 lbs (31.2 gal)
Coarse aggregate free moisture = 3.5% → 0.035
Adjustment due to extra water in the coarse aggregate = 1,765 x 0.035 = 61.78 lb
Fine aggregate free moisture = 2.9% → 0.029
Adjustment due to extra water in the fine aggregate = 1,115 x 0.029 = 32.34 lb
Adjustment to the batch water = 61.78 + 32.34 = 94.12 lb
Adjusted aggregate and water quantities are:
Coarse aggregate: 1,765 + 61.78 = 1,826.78 = 1,827 lb
Fine aggregate: 1,115 + 32.34 = 1,147.34 = 1,147 lb

Water: 260 - 94.12 = 165.88 = 166 lb = 19.9 gal
Example (10):
The following data applies to a design mix. Calculate the adjusted aggregate and water quantities.
Moisture Absorption Quantity / m³
Coarse aggregate: 6.5 2.7 1,083
Fine aggregate: 4.1 1.4 703
Water: 155 kg (155 L)
Coarse aggregate free moisture = 3.8% → 0.038
Adjustment due to extra water in the coarse aggregate = 1,083 x 0.038 = 41.15 kg
Fine aggregate free moisture = 2.7% → 0.027
Adjustment due to extra water in the fine aggregate = 703 x 0.027 = 18.98 kg
Adjustment to the batch water = 41.15 + 18.98 = 60.13 kg
Adjusted aggregate and water quantities are:
Coarse aggregate: 1,083 + 41.15 = 1,124.15 = 1,124 kg
Fine aggregate: 703 + 18.98 = 721.98 = 722 kg
Water: 155 - 60.13 = 94.87 = 94.9 kg = 95 L
==================================================================================
d. Determine water cementitious ratio and/or batch quantities based on a given water cementitious
ratio.
1) The water cementitious ratio is simply the total weight of all water in a batch divided by the total
weight of all cementitious materials (cement, fly ash, slag, etc.) in the batch.
water cementitious ratio = w/c = (weight of all water in a batch)
(weight of all cementitious material in a batch)
32 Example (11):
A certain design mix contains 475 lbs cement, 158 lbs fly ash and 26.6 gal water per cubic yard. What is
the
water cementitious ratio for this mix?
Convert batch water from gallons to pounds: 26.6 x 8.33 = 221.58 lbs.
Calculate water cementitious ratio: w/c = 221.58/(475 + 158) = 221.58/633 = 0.350 = 0.35
Example (12):
A certain design mix calls for a cement content of 390 kg/m³ and a maximum water cementitious ratio
of
0.41. What is the maximum water allowed per m³?
w/c = 0.41 = (weight of water)/(weight of cementitious material) = (weight of water)/390
Solve for the weight of water:
weight of water = 0.41 x 390 = 159.9 = 160 kg (or L)
Example (13):
A 9 yd
batch is called for that requires 752 lbs/ yd
cementitious and a maximum water cementitious
ratio of 0.37. It is to be batched to allow 27 gal of job site allowable water addition. How much water
per
cubic yard should be used in the initial batching?
Figure total water required from w/c and cement requirements:
0.37 = (weight of water)/752 → weight of water = 0.37 x 752 = 278.24 = 278 lbs.
Convert to gallons→ 278.24/8.33 = 33.40 = 33.4 gal/yd
Since 27 gallons are to be held back from the entire load for allowable job site addition, the hold
back per yd
3
is 27/9 = 3.0 gal/ yd
The load should be batched with 33.4 – 3.0 = 30.4 gal/ yd
to allow 27 gallon addition at the job
site and a maximum water cementitious ratio of 0.37.
Example (14):
A mix design calls for 160 L of water and a water cement ratio of 0.44. How much cement is
required for this mix?
The weight of water is 160 L = 160 kg
W/c = 0.44 = (weight of water)/(weight of cement) = 160/(weight of cement)
Solve for weight of cement → weight of cement = 160/0.44 = 363.64 = 364 kg/m
===============================================================================
e. Specific gravity, unit weight, absolute volume, yield.
1) When talking about specific gravity, everything is compared to water. Water is considered to have
a specific gravity of 1 and has a unit weight of 62.4 lbs/ft
[1,000 kg/m
]. If something has a specific gravity greater
than 1, it is more dense (weighs more per ft

3
[m
]) than water. Specific gravities have no units of measure (ft
,m
lb, kg, etc.). They are the same whether you are in English or metric units.
2) To determine the unit weight of a material with a known specific gravity, multiply the material’s
specific gravity by 62.4 lb/ft
[1,000 kg/m
.[
In English units:
unit weight of a material (lb/ft
) = (material’s specific gravity) x 62.4
33 In metric units:
unit weight of a material (kg/m
) = (material’s specific gravity) x 1,000
Example (15):
Determine the unit weight of cement (specify gravity = 3.15) in both English and metric units:
English units: 3.15 x 62.4 = 196.6 lbs/ft
Metric units: 3.15 x 1000 = 3,150 kg/m
3) To determine the absolute volume of a certain amount of a material, divide its weight by its unit
weight.
English: absolute volume = weight of material
Specific gravity of material x 62.4
Metric: absolute volume = weight of material
Specific gravity of material x 1000
Example (16):
Determine the absolute volume of 2,000 lbs [907.2 kg] of aggregate with a specific gravity of 2.63 in
English and metric units:
In English units:
2,000/(2.63 x 62.4) = 2,000/164.1 = 12.2 ft
In metric units:
907.2/(2.63 x 1,000) = 907.2/2,630 = 0.35 m
===============================================================================
4) To determine the yield of a design mix, total the absolute volumes of all the ingredients
(including air and, in general, disregarding admixtures). To determine the unit weight of a mix, divide
the yield
by the total weights of all the ingredients.
Example (17):
Determine the yield and unit weight of the following English units mix:
Ingredient Weight SG Calculation Absolute Volume
Cement 705 3.15 705/(3.15 x 62.4) 3.587
Coarse aggregate 1,826 2.61 1826/(2.61 x 62.4) 11.212
Fine aggregate 1,145 2.68 1,145/(2.68 x 62.4) 6.847
Air 4.5% 0.045 x 27 1.215
Water 260 1 260/(1 x 62.4) 4.167
Yield = 3.587 + 11.212 + 6.847 + 1.215 + 4.167 = 27.028 ft
Unit Weight = (705 + 1,826 + 1,145 + 260)/27.028 = 3,936/27.028 = 145.6 lbs/ft
34 Example (18):
Determine the yield and unit weight of the following metric units mix:
Ingredient Weight SG Calculation Absolute Volume
Cement 183 3.15 183/(3.15 x 1,000) 0.0581
Fly Ash 182 2.21 182/(2.21 x 1,000) 0.0824
Coarse aggregate 1,038 2.48 1,038/(2.48 x 1,000) 0.4185
Fine aggregate 691 2.63 691/(2.63 x 1,000) 0.2627
Air 3.5% 0.035 x 1 0.0350
Water 159 1 159/(1 x 1,000) 0.1590
Yield = 0.0581 + 0.0824 + 0.4185 + 0.2627 + 0.0350 + 0.1590 = 1.016 m
Unit Weight = (183 + 182 + 1038 + 691 + 159)/1.016 = 2,253/1.016 = 2,218 kg/m
3
===============================================================================
5) When the specific gravity (SG) of one of the batch materials changes by more than 0.03,
adjustments need to be made to the mix design quantities to prevent over or under yielding. To
calculate the
necessary adjustment, determine the volume of the original specific gravity. Using the new specific
gravity,
determine the weight required to fill the volume that was just calculated. You will find that if the SG
goes up
(more dense), it will take more weight of the material to fill a given volume and if the SG goes down (less
dense), it will take less weight of the material to fill a given volume.
In English units:
[original mix quantity (lbs)]/[original SG x 62.4] = volume from original SG (ft
[volume from original SG (ft
)] x (new SG) x 62.4 = new mix quantity (lbs)
In metric units:
[original mix quantity (kg)]/[original SG x 1,000] = volume from original SG (m
[volume from original SG (m
)] x (new SG) x 1,000 = new mix quantity (kg)
Example (19):
A certain design mix calls for 1,880 lbs of coarse aggregate with a specific gravity of 2.46. It is
determined that the specific gravity of that aggregate is now 2.51. Determine the new design mix
quantity for
this coarse aggregate.
1,880/(2.46 x 62.4) = 12.247 (ft
) → 12.247 x 2.512 x 62.4 = 1,918.17 = 1,918 lbs
Example (20):
A certain design mix calls for 701 kg of fine aggregate with a specific gravity of 2.64. It is determined
that the specific gravity of that aggregate is now 2.59. Determine the new design mix quantity for this
fine
aggregate.
701/(2.64 x 1,000) = 0.2655 (m
) → 0.2655 x 2.59 x 1,000 = 687.72 = 688 kg
35 ATTACHMENT “A”
CONCRETE Production Facility inspection checklist
PLANT NUMBER: __________
INSPECTION DATE: _____ / _____ / _____
Inspected for: 346 _______, 347_______, Both _______
Today’s Inspection: Initial _________, Routine __________, Reinspection __________
Concrete Supplier: Plant Inspected By:
Plant Address: Plant Location:
Plant Telephone No.: Plant Fax Number:
QUALITY CONTROL PERSONNEL
Quality Control Manager: CTQP Batch Plant Certification Date:

QC Manager Location: Quality Control Telephone No.:
Quality Control Mobile No.: Quality Control Fax. No.:
PLANT PERSONNEL Y N
1 The plant personnel are certified through the CTQP program.
2 The plant personnel are indicated in the Quality Control Plan.
Batch Operator: CTQP TIN: Expiration Date:
QC Manager: CTQP TIN: Expiration Date:
Other: CTQP TIN: Expiration Date:
Other: CTQP TIN: Expiration Date:
Based on today’s inspection, this plant is placed on the following status:
APPROVED __________ CONDITIONALLY APPROVED__________ NON-APPROVED __________
________________________________________
FDOT PLANT INSPECTOR
______________________________________
PLANT REPRESENTATIVE
Plant Representative signature does not indicate agreement or disagreement with inspector findings.
AREA REMARK OR DEFFICIENCY Y N N/A
CEMENT
POZZOLANS / SLAG
COARSE AGGREGATE
FINE AGGREGATE
ADMIXTURES
WATER
PLANT RECORDS
SCALES
MIXING CONCRETE
RAW MATERIALS
MIXERS THIS INFORMATION IS COLLECTED INSIDE THE BATCH HOUSE
No. Item Y N N/A
CEMENT
1 The certification for cement complies with AASHTO M-85 & FDOT specification.
2 The cement is identified in the Quality Control Plan.
POZZOLANS / SLAG
The certification for Fly Ash complies with ASTM C-618 (Class F) or ASTM C-311
(Class C) and FDOT specification.
The certification for Blast Furnace Slag complies with ASTM C-989 and FDOT
specification.
5 The fly ash and slag are identified in the Quality Control Plan.
Material Type Brand Source Delivery Date Mill Cert. Date
REMARKS OR DEFFICIENCY:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
37 No. Item Y N N/A
COARSE AGGREGATE
1 The coarse aggregates are indicated in the Quality Control Plan.
2 The coarse aggregates meet all specification requirements.

3
The Gradation / Absorption tests is being performed by approved personnel or lab.
Technician Identification Number (TIN) ______________________
The Gradation / Absorption tests is being performed in a timely manner (at least once
per 30 days).
The free moisture test is being performed by an approved method.
(cook out or towel drying)
6 The plant is verifying the accuracy weekly if the towel method is being used.
Pit No. Grade FDOT Code Delivery Date Date Certified
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
38 No. Item Y N N/A
FINE AGGREGATE
1 The fine aggregates are indicated in the Quality Control Plan.
2 The fine aggregates meet all specification requirements.
The Gradation / Absorption tests is being performed by approved personnel or lab.
Technician Identification Number (TIN) ______________________
The Gradation / Absorption tests is being performed in a timely manner (at least once
per 30 days).
The free moisture test is being performed by an approved method.
(cook out, moisture probe reading, speedy moisture tester or Chapman flask)
The plant is verifying the accuracy weekly if the speedy moisture tester or Chapman
flask method is being used.
The plant is verifying the accuracy at least weekly if the moisture probe is being used
by the recommendation of the manufacture.
Pit No. Grade FDOT Code Delivery Date Date Certified
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
39 No. Item Y N N/A
ADMIXTURES
1 All admixtures are indicated in the Quality Control Plan.
2 All admixtures are on the Qualified Products List as approved for FDOT.
3 The number of measuring devices is sufficient.
Material Identification (Brand) Delivery Date Dispenser Calibration Date
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
40 No. Item Y N N/A
WATER
1 The source of the water is indicated in the Quality Control Plan.
2a The source of water is from the city. (no testing needed)
2b
The source of water is from a well and tested once every three months, unless the past
eight consecutive tests pass in which only require once every six months. (last test
date of: ____________________)
2c
The source of water is from a stream or lake and tested once every thirty days. (last
test date of: ____________________)
2d
The source of water is recycled and tested once every thirty days.
(last test date of: ____________________)
2e
The source of water is reclaimed wash water and tested once every thirty days. (last
test date of: ____________________)
The source of water was tested at an approved laboratory.
(name of laboratory: ____________________)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
41 No. Item Y N N/A
PLANT RECORDS
1 The various Applicable Specifications on File (both English and Metric if applicable).
2 The Plant Quality Control Plan on file.
3 A copy of the Federal Poster posted.
4 A daily record of concrete batched for the Department on file.
Copies of the manufacturers design showing dimensions and arrangements of blades
for each mixer available.
6 All approved Design Mixes are on file.
7 The records for the Coarse Aggregates are available.
8 The records for the Fine Aggregates are available.
The records for moisture probe and other methods of determining the free moisture
being verified at least once per 7 days.
10 The plant deviated from the standard 24-hour aggregate watering.
11
If the plant deviated from the standard 24-hour aggregate watering, the deviation is
shown in their quality control plan and approved by the District Materials Engineer.
12 Project information was recorded (fill in below).
13 Concrete test data was recorded (fill in below).
Concrete Test Data:
FIN Project #
Mix #
(Mix Class) Date Cast
Plastic
Property
Strength
28-Day Chloride Results
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
42 No. Item Y N N/A
SCALES
A company registered with the Bureau of Weights and Measures of the Department of
Agriculture calibrated the scales and water meters for accuracy.
2 Company Name & Registration #:
3 Cement scale was calibrated (date: ____________________).
4 Course & Fine Aggregates scale was calibrated (date : ____________________).
5 Water measuring device was calibrated (date : _____________________).
6 There is an automatic cutoff for water measuring device.
7 The scale company report includes observed scale deviations.
8 The scale deviations were checked within 0.5% of maximum load.
9 Suitable means were provided to hold poises on beam type scales.
10 Scales permit reading to 0.1% of capacity.

11 A device to indicate the required load is being reached is provided.
12 All weighing devices are in view of the operator.
13
Cementitious materials are measured within an accuracy of 1% of the required
amounts.
14 Aggregates are measured within an accuracy of 1% of the required amounts.
15 Water is measured within an accuracy of 1% of the required amounts.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
43 No. Item Y N N/A
MIXING CONCRETE
1 The batching sequence is in accordance with the specifications.
2 The mixing is at proper drum speed.
3 If a truck mixer is used, the drum revolutions are according to specifications.
4 The maximum mixer volume is not exceeded.
5 All water going into the mixer is metered or weighed.
If a central mixer is used, the concrete is mixed a minimum of two minutes or as
approved in the quality control plan.
7 The central mixer is equipped with an approved timing device.
8 Admixtures are measured separately.
9 Admixtures are added with the mixing water.

10 Cement is weighed independently from other materials.
11 Cement is weighed first when using a cumulative weigh hopper.
12 Cementitious materials are being protected from loss in handling after weighing.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
44 THIS INFORMATION IS COLLECTED OUTSIDE THE BATCH HOUSE
No. Item Y N N/A
RAW MATERIALS
1 The cement is stored in a weatherproof facility that is labeled.
For the cementitious materials there is a suitable, safe and convenient means of
collecting samples.
Aggregates are handled and stored in silos, ground storage, or batch bins, free of
contamination & segregation, and clearly labeled.
4 Aggregates are in a well-drained condition.
5 Aggregates stockpiles are formed properly.
6 Aggregate silos are kept in a reasonably full condition.
The entire surface of the coarse aggregate is continuously and uniformly sprinkled
with fresh water 24-hours immediately preceding introduction into the concrete mix
(unless otherwise identified in the Quality Control Plan).

8 All scales have adequate protection from the elements.
9 All scales are clean to assure accurate and efficient operation.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
45 No. Item Y N N/A
MIXERS / MAINTENANCE OF MIXERS
1 Mixers are free of hardened concrete.
2 All Blades are greater than 90% of design height.
The supplier examines the mixers weekly for hardened concrete and blade wear and a
record of the truck inspection being kept (both in the cab of the truck mixer and in the
plant).
The manufacturer metal rating plate (consisting of mixing speed, agitation speed,
rated capacity and unit serial number) of the drum is available, attached, and legible
on each truck mixer.
The mixer is equipped with a hatch in the periphery of the drum, revolution counter,
and a clean operating water gauge (calibrated annually) that are all in good operation.
Either central or truck (circle one) mixers demonstrate the capability to combine the
concrete component materials into a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass.

7
Either central or truck (circle one) mixers demonstrate the capability to discharge
the concrete with a satisfactory degree of uniformity.
8 Mixers were inspected and recorded (fill in below).
Mixer Inspection:
Truck
Number
Counter
Condition
Blade
Condition
Drum
Condition Rating Plates Water Gauge Remarks
*Superficial Inspection, hatch need not be open (E) English (M) Metric (B) Both
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
46 ATTACHMENT "B"
Sample Delivery Ticket for Structural Concrete
Financial Project No.: Serial No.:
Plant No.: Date:
Concrete Supplier: Delivered to:
Phone Number: Phone Number:

Address: Address:
__
Truck No. DOT Class DOT Mix No. Cubic Yards This Load
Allowable Jobsite
Water Addition
Time Loaded Mixing revolutions Cubic Yards Total Today
Cement
_____________ ______________ _____________
Source Type Amount
Fly Ash or Slag
_____________ ______________ _____________
Source Type Amount
Coarse Agg.
_____________ ______________ _____________
Pit Num. % Moisture Amount
Air Entrainment Admixture
_____________ ______________ _____________ _____________
Source Brand Type Amount
Fine Agg.
_____________ ______________ _____________
Pit Num. % Moisture Amount
Admixture
_____________ ______________ _____________ _____________
Batch Water (gals. or lbs.)

_____________
Amount
Admixture
_____________ ______________ _____________ _____________
Issuance of this ticket constitutes certification that the concrete batched was produced and information
recorded in compliance
with Department specification requirements for Structural Concrete.
CTQP Technician Identification Number Signature of Batcher Plant Operator
Arrival time at job site Number of revolutions upon arrival at job site
Water added at job site (gal. or lbs.) Additional mixing revolutions with added water
Time concrete completely discharged Total number of revolutions
Initial Slump Initial Air Initial Concrete Temp. Initial w/c Ratio
Acceptance Slump Acceptance Air Acceptance Concrete Temp. Acceptance w/c Ratio
Issuance of this ticket constitutes certification that the maximum specified water cementitious ratio was
not exceeded and the
batch was delivered and placed in compliance with Department specification requirements.
CTQP Technician Identification Number Signature of Contractor’s Representative
47
New
CTQP Technician Identification Number Signature of Batcher Plant Operator
Arrival time at job site Number of revolutions upon arrival at job site
Water added at job site (gal. or lbs.) Additional mixing revolutions with added water
Time concrete completely discharged Total number of revolutions
Initial Slump Initial Air Initial Concrete Temp. Initial w/c Ratio
Acceptance Slump Acceptance Air Acceptance Concrete Temp. Acceptance w/c Ratio
Issuance of this ticket constitutes certification that the maximum specified water cementitious ratio was
not exceeded and the
batch was delivered and placed in compliance with Department specification requirements.
CTQP Technician Identification Number Signature of Contractor’s Representative
47
New
CONMAT is a group of companies, engaged in designing and manufacturing Construction Equipment, Material Handling Syste
& Industrial Automation & Service provider for Oil & Gas Pipeline.
Conmat produces Automatic Concrete Batching & Mixing Plants, Transit Mixers, Concrete Pumps and Concrete Paving Machine
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Racks, Mobile Storage Systems, Compactors, Mezzanine Floors & Assembly Line Conveyors.
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Systems, hydrocarbon Processing Unit, Fertilizers, Steel and Pharmaceutical Companies. Our full service inline includes Hot Ta
Welding procedure development and Field Welding Services, Valve Repair Services, Field machining Services, Repair & Refurbi
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The group started its Indian operations from a small 200 Sq.Ft. rented space in 2002-03, today its State of the Art manufactu
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London.
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Ready Mix Concrete Plant

HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete Plant

HZS90 Ready Mix Concrete Plant

HZS120 Ready Mix Concrete Plant

HZS150 Ready Mix Concrete Plant

HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete Plant

HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete Plant

Description of Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

Features of Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

Application of Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

Technical Parameters of HZS60 Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

Twin Shaft Concrete Mixer: JS1000

Mixing blade: 2×8 pcs

Mixer Motor: 37kw

2.1 Aggregate batcher: PLD2400

Capacity: 144 m3/h

2.2 Aggregate Belt Conveyor 1 unit

Speed: 1.6 m/s

Power of Motor: 11kw

3.CEMENT SYSTEM (OPTIONAL)

3.1 Cement silo 2units

Capacity: 100 t×2=200 t

Silo Diameter: Φ3000

3.2 Cement Screw Feeder 2units

4. ADDITIVE SYSTEM (OPTIONAL)

Additive silo Capacity: 1m3

Pneumatic Valve: Φ50 mm

Motor Power: 3kw

Air Compressor 1unit

Pressure: 1.0 Mpa

Air flew: 1.2 m3/min

7.1 Aggregate Weighing 1unit

Weighing Capacity: 3000kg

7.2 Cement Weighing 1unit

Weighing Capacity: 600kg

7.3 Water Weighing 1unit

Weighing Capacity: 250 kg

7.4 Additive Weighing: 1unit

Main electrical components : SCHNEIDER or SIMENSE

17’’ colorful computer

Manuel and Auto Control is freely changeable .

HZS90 Ready Mix Concrete Plant

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HZS90 Ready Mix Concrete Plant

Description of Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

Features of Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

Application of Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

Technical Parameters of HZS90 Ready Mix Concrete Plant:

Total Dimensions: 38500×12000×19400 mm

Twin Shaft Concrete Mixer: JS1500

Mixing Blade: 2×9 pcs

Mixer Motor: 45kw

2.1 Aggregate batcher: PLD2400

Capacity: 144 m3/h

2.2 Aggregate belt conveyor: 1 unit

Belt speed: 1.6 m/s

3. CEMENT SYSTEM (OPTIONAL)

3.1 Cement silo: 4 units

Silo Diameter: Φ3000

3.2 Cement Screw Feeder: 4 units

4. ADDITIVE SYSTEM (OPTIONAL)

Additive silo Capacity: 1m3

Pneumatic Valve: Φ50 mm

Motor Power: 7.5 kw