STEAM SYSTEM
water in order to replace the losses incurred
I. INTRODUCTION
Steam systems are used generally in pulp
and paper facilities and paper production as it
accounts approximately 40% of the total utility
demand describing it as a system that can
provide significant opportunities for energy
efficiency. ( according to University of Minnesota)
II. PROCESS
The process of the steam system begins
with the insertion of fuel through the system
as the air is also inserted as to provide fuel
and air combustion. As the combustion takes
place, the feed water system provides the
supply - water to enter the steam
generating/supply facility.
When the supply- water has made its
entry in the facility, it is then heated through
the fuel and air combustion. The supply
water will make its entrance through the
boiler as the fuel and air combustion will be
the source of heat. The process of separation
starts after the medium has been heated, the
heated water will undergo to the steam
separator drum for the treatment and
separation of steam and vapor.
The produced steam will then be sent
through the steam and condensate return
piping system for conveying and transfer.
Then the steam-use facility will be the step
for application of steam in the paper mill
processing as to provide drying, humidity
level and re-use of the excess steam.
The excess will then be trapped in the
steam return system by the piping steam
traps mounted. With the aid of the pump, the
process of conveying the steam becomes
more effective and transfer the condensate
to return into the steam generating facility
for the re-use process.
Once the steam has made its entry to the
steam generating facility, the feed - water
pump will then supply the so called make-up
during the preceding process. The steam
system will continue beginning from the fuel
and combustion of air and the water supply.
Raw material Processing:
The pulp, coming from wood, will be
the primary / raw material in the process of
paper making. This material is then sent to
the systems in the paper mill for the
extraction and drying. The removal of liquid
contents, cleansing process and separation of
useful to excess contents of wood or pulp
will be done.
Production :
The final process in the paper- making
process will be the drying and packaging of
the final product. The process uses the steam
system in order to turn the raw materials
(wood) into its useful form (pulp) to produce
the desired quality of paper.
Delivery:
The final and last step will be the
delivery of the final product after packaging.
III. EQUIPMENTS
A. Steam Boiler:
Definition: A water – heating system
that converts water into steam.
Operation: boils water into the desired
temperature that will produce steam at
desired steam generation rate.
Application: heats the supply water in
the steam system and produces steam.
B. Non – Return Valves:
Definition: also known as one way
valve .
Operation: prevents the backflow of
steam and water during the process.
 Application: controls the flow of steam
and water inside the pipelines in the
system to prevent the return or
backflow.
C. Economizer:
Definition: boiler accessory that is used
to preheat water.
Operation: preheats water before
entering the boiler drum.
Application: used for the energy
efficiency purposes in the heating
system.
D. Heat Exchangers:
Definition: transfers heat from one
medium to another.
Operation: recovers heat from
blowdown water.
Application: distribution of heat in the
steam system for better efficiency.
E. Feed water system:
Definition: supplies water into the
boiler.
Operation: uses feed water pump to
supply water.
Application: drives the make-up water
and supply water to the system .
F. Separators:
Definition: place in the boiler system
where steam and water are separated.
Operation: separates water into steam
by heating or boiling.
Applictaion: serves as the filtration in
the steam system.
G. Blowdown Systems:
Definition: removal of water from the
boiler.
Operation: control boiler water
parameters within prescribed limits to
minimize scale, corrosion, carryover,
and other specific problems.
Application: removes the suspended
solids as well as liquids in the boiler
drum in the system.
H. Water Treatment Equipments
Definition: treats water to provide clean
product.
Operation: filters the water as it is
boiled to be converted into steam.
Application: serves as the filtration unit
in the steam heating system.
I. Pumps:
Definition: a mechanical device for
conveying liquids from one area to an
elevation.
Operation: forces the water and steam
to move along the pipelines in the
system for the process work to happen .
Application: prime mover of the steam
system for hydraulic conveying.
J. Steam Traps:
Definition: a device mounted on the
pipelines to measure and regulate steam
pressure.
Operation: collects steam samples and
reads the pressure and temperature.
Application: regulates the pressure
inside the pipelines.
IV. INSTRUMENTS
A. Stock Pump: used for the transfer of
stock.
B. Dillusion line: for consistency of stock.
VII. INSTRUMENT LOOP

PROCESS FLUID

Isolation valve,Non –return TEMPERATURE

vavlve,manual and controlled MEASUREMENT
valve,level controller

STEAM VALVE FLOW TEMPERATURE

PRV
(FINAL CONTROLLER CONTROLLER
CONTROL) (SECONDARY) (PRIMARY)

RECIRCULATION FD fan, Heat exchanger, stock

STEAM EQUIPMENT pump, condensate pump
C. Level controller: to avoid stock
overflow of tank.
D. Manual & Controlled Valve: to
control the flow of stock.
E. Forming wire: for sheet formation.
F. Pressing area: moisture absorbent.
G. FD FAN: aids the recirculation.
H. PReducingValve: controls the pressure.
I. Temperature controller: controls the
temperature of the process.
J. Isolation valve: is a valve in a fluid
handling system that stops the flow of
process media to a given location,
usually for maintenance or safety
purposes
K. Deaerators :Deaeration is widely
recognized as the most acceptable
method for removing oxygen and carbon
dioxide from makeup water and
condensate. Without deaeration, the
dissolved gases can cause serious
corrosion in the boiler and other system
hardware.

V. BLOCK DIAGRAM
VI. CONTROL LOOP

STEAM SYSTEM
WITH
RECIRCULATION
CONTROL LOOP

PROCESS FLUID

TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT

STEAM VALVE FLOW TEMPERATURE

(FINAL CONTROLLER CONTROLLER
CONTROL) (SECONDARY) (PRIMARY)

RECIRCULATION
STEAM EQUIPMENT