TITLE OF THE PROJECT:

TOOLS USED:

#.HAND TOOLS:

1.Wrenches

It is used to tighten the jaws of lathe machine.

2. File

It is to smoothen the surfaces of work piece.

#.MEASURING AND MARKING TOOLS USED:

1. Steel ruler

2. Vernier caliper

#.MACHINE TOOLS:

1. Lathe machine: It is the power driven versatile machine used for the production of
various shaped components, which are symmetrical about their axis of rotation. The
major parts of lathe are: bed, apron, carriage, saddle, headstock and tailstock.

2. Power hacksaw: It is very similar to the hand hacksaw with the addition of suitable driving
mechanisms. This machine uses a much heavier blade than that of hand hacksaw and is used
to cut the work piece with greater diameters.

BRIEF PROCEDURE:

Working principle of lathe:

Lathe removes unwanted material from a rotating work piece in the form of chips with the
help of a tool, which is transverse across the work. The job is moved in rotating motion while
the tools are moved in linear motion in any direction. The spindle is driven by a motor through
a gearbox to obtain the appropriate range of speed. The carriage moves the bed guide ways
parallel to the work piece and the cross slide provides the transverse motion. A feed shaft and
lead screw are also provided to power the carriage and for cutting the thread respectively.

Material provided:

A cylindrical mild steel work piece of 36-mm. diameter and 75 mm length.

#.Procedures undertaken:

The work piece was held in a chuck tightly and its end was faced to make it right angle with
centerline. For this, cutting was fed from circumference towards the center at first and the
finishing cut was made from the center hole outwards. From the flat surface end, a distance
about 45 mm. Was marked and straight turning was carried out through this length. While
feeding, it was observed that when the feed rate increased by 10 smallest divisions, the
diameter reduced by 1 mm. So, the diameter of 15 mm. Was obtained by removing the
material not more than 2 mm. at a time.Throughout entire length, it was turned to the
diameter of 36 mm.Then for the length of 20mm.,it was turned to 32mm. as in drawing.The
tailstock was adjusted with drill bit of 8 mm. For centering and was bored up to 21
mm. Inwards from the edge using drill bit of 10 mm.The edge of work piece was chamfered to
2 mm. in length at 45 by using smooth file.Finally, the sharp edge was removed using smooth
file to give finishing for the job.

#.SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

Safety on the lathe:

Tools and work piece were fixed properly and tightly before starting the machine.The
speed of the machine was adjusted according to the properties of material.Cooling liquid was
continuously used during turning operations.The chuck key was never left on the sprindle.

COMMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS:

Hence, the project was completed by conducting series of operations and became familiar with
the different operations to be carried out during operating the lathe machine and the safety
measures to be undertaken while working on these machines.
TITLE OF THE PROJECT

MACHINE TOOLS:

#.SHAPER MACHINE: A shaper is a type of machine tool that uses linear relative motion
between the workpiece and a single-point cutting tool to machine a linear toolpath.

#Working principle of Shaper machine:

The workpiece mounts on a rigid, box-shaped table in front of the machine. The height of the
table can be adjusted to suit this workpiece, and the table can traverse sideways underneath
the reciprocating tool, which is mounted on the ram. Table motion may be controlled
manually, but is usually advanced by an automatic feed mechanism acting on the feedscrew.
The ram slides back and forth above the work. At the front end of the ram is a vertical tool
slide that may be adjusted to either side of the vertical plane along the stroke axis. This tool-
slide holds the clapper box and toolpost, from which the tool can be positioned to cut a straight,
flat surface on the top of the workpiece. The tool-slide permits feeding the tool downwards to
deepen a cut. This adjustability, coupled with the use of specialized cutters and toolholders,
enable the operator to cut internal and external gear tooth profiles, splines, dovetails, and
keyways. The ram is adjustable for stroke and, due to the geometry of the linkage, it moves
faster on the return stroke than on the forward, cutting stroke.
Material provided:

A rectangular mild steel work piece of

#.Procedures undertaken:

Firstly, the work piece was held in a chuck tightly.Then the switch was on then the
shaper machine starts to move to and fro.The tool post use to cut the metal piece when it moves
forward.Then the saddle was moved slowly and steady so that the chips was taken out from
metal.The cross elevator was adjusted as per the depth we want to chipped out the work piece.
After the completion of work, roll no was punched and it was submitted.