FTIR2017full PDF

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
(FTIR)
Bruker Tensor 27
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/re/c6re00127k/unauth#!divAbstract
January 6th, 2017
Instrument Center
Faculty of Science and Technology
Prince of Songkla University
Pattani campus
Contents
 Part 1 Principle and application of Infrared Spectroscopy 1-30
 Part 2 Using and Maintenance of FTIR 31-61
 Workshop 62
 Installation of OPUS program 63-67
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Schedule of
“Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) Bruker Tensor 27” Training
January 6th, 2017
At Instrument Center, 2nd floor, Building 71 (Pre-Clinical Building)
Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University
*******************************
January 6th, 2017

08.15 - 08.30 am Registration
08.30 - 08.45 am Inauguration
08.45 – 10.45 am Introduction of FTIR
Asst. Prof. Dr. Vanida Chairgulprasert
10.45 – 11.00 am Coffee Break
11.00 am – 12.00 pm Using and Maintenance of FTIR (Bruker Tensor 27)
Mr.Pisipong Meunprasertdee
12.00 – 01.00 pm Launch
01.00 – 02.30 pm Workshop #1 Preparation of sample (KBr powder, KBr pellet)
Workshop #2 Using FTIR (Bruker Tensor 27)
02.30 – 02.45 pm Coffee Break
02.45 – 04.15 pm Workshop #1 Preparation of sample (KBr powder, KBr pellet)
Workshop #2 Using FTIR (Bruker Tensor 27)
04.15 – 04.30 pm Test FTIR principle and using
***********************************
Training of
“Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) Bruker Tensor27” Training
January 6th, 2017
At Instrument Center, 2nd floor, Pre-Clinical Building
*******************************
No Name - Surname Year/Degree/Major Group Signature

st
1 Miss Jennifer Osamede 1 year, Master's degree, Food Science and 1
Nutrition
2 Mr.Alam Surya Wijaya 1st year, Master's degree, Sustainable Energy 2
Management
3 Miss Thaksaporn Banda 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Rubber Technology 1
4 Mr. Kamaruddin Waesateh 1st year, Master's degree, Polymer Technology 2
5 Mr. Mohamad Irfan 1st year, Doctor's degree, Polymer Technology 1

Fathurrohman
6 Miss Sitihaya Malibo 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 2
7 Miss Thitima Supapan 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 1
8 Miss Porntip Madlah 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 2
9 Mr. Sampan Sengliang 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 1
10 Miss Sakeeyah Masamae 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 2
11 Mr. Damrong Adam 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 1
12 Miss Solihah Binnuy 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 2
13 Miss Umaporn Sangthong 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 1
14 Mr. Anun salaeh 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 2
15 Mr.Trin Khawsang 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 1

Training of
“Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) Bruker Tensor27” Training
January 6th, 2017
At Instrument Center, 2nd floor, Pre-Clinical Building
*******************************
No Name - Surname Year/Degree/Major Group Signature

th
16 Mr.Nitipon Jeni 4 year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 2
17 Miss Mariam Salaemae 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry and biology 1
18 Miss Suhailanee Chesu 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry and biology 2
19 Miss Aseeyah Adae 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry and biology 1
20 Miss Rohana Epong 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry and biology 2
21 Miss Pornpimol Powijit 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry (Education) 1
22 Miss Winanya Ngasaman 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry (Education) 2
23 Mr.Tanawat Wattanakul 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry (Education) 1
24 Miss Sininat Chansuk 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry (Education) 2

Part 1
Principle and Application of
Infrared Spectroscopy
Page 1
IR Spectroscopy Training
Asst.Prof.Dr. Vanida Chairgulprasert 1
IR Spectroscopy Training 1
Page 2
What is spectroscopy ?
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction

between matter and electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic Radiation
Graphics source: Wade, Jr., L.G. Organic Chemistry, 5th ed. Pearson Education Inc., 2003
Page 3
Infrared radiation
Infrared radiation = Thermal radiation
Infra = beyond
Infrared = beyond red region
Beyond the Visible
Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech, Linda Hermans-Killam
Source: NASA
Dicovery of Infrared Radiation
Page 4
2.5-25 m
Infrared light
 4000-500 cm-1
Wave number,  = 1

Wave number(cm-1),  = 10000
(m)
NEAR INFRARED: 0.8 -2.5 m, 12500 - 4000 cm-1

MID INFRARED: 2.5 - 50 m, 4000 - 200 cm-1
FAR INFRARED: 50 - 1000 m, 200 - 10 cm-1
What is Infrared Spectroscopy?

Infrared Spectroscopy is the analysis of infrared light
interacting with a molecule
The Mid IR range

= 2-50 m
 = 4000-500 cm-1
Page 5
A technique which reveals the bonds present in

a compound and therefore can be used to identify
functional groups in a molecule.
IR Chemical Transmitted
light Detector
source sample
 4000-500 cm-1
absorb specific frequencies
* Chemical Bonds *
detects the transmitted frequencies,

reveals the values of the absorbed frequencies.
Page 6
Absorption of infrared radiation brings about changes

in molecular vibrations within molecules and
measurements of the ways in which bonds vibrate
gives rise to infrared spectroscopy.
IR spectroscopy
• Absorption technique
• A kind of vibrational spectroscopy
Infrared radiation stimulates molecular vibrations.

Fundamental vibration 2 Different Types
Stretching vibration : change of bond length
Bending vibration : change of bond length
Page 7
Sources :© http://namrataheda.blogspot.com/2014/01/spectrophotometry-ir-spectroscopy.html
Bending Vibrations
Sources :© http://namrataheda.blogspot.com/2014/01/spectrophotometry-ir-spectroscopy.html
Page 8
In big molecules, there are many bonds and so a

large number of possible stretches and bends are
possible. The IR spectrum can be quite complicated.
Infra-red spectrum?
The most common IR spectrum
Page 9
Absorbance IR
Specific bonds respond to (absorb)

specific frequencies
Polar bonds
Page 10
Polar bonds display bands in the IR spectrum

* IR actives *
  bondmass
strength
C-H O-H N-H 3600 – 2700 cm-1

CC CN 2300 - 2000 cm-1
C=O C=N N=O 1900 - 1500 cm-1
C-C C-O C-N 1300 - 800 cm-1
IR absorption range
Graphics source: Wade, Jr., L.G. Organic Chemistry, 5th ed. Pearson Education Inc., 2003
Page 11
The intensity of the bands depends on the magnitude

of the dipole moment
broad
Page 12
Table of Characteristic IR Absorptions
frequency, cm–1 bond functional group
3640–3610 (s, sh) O–H stretch, free hydroxyl alcohols, phenols
3500–3200 (s,b) O–H stretch, H–bonded alcohols, phenols

primary, secondary amines,
3400–3250 (m) N–H stretch
amides
3300–2500 (m) O–H stretch carboxylic acids
3330–3270 (n, s) –CC–H: C–H stretch alkynes (terminal)
3100–3000 (s) C–H stretch aromatics

3100–3000 (m) =C–H stretch alkenes
3000–2850 (m) C–H stretch alkanes
2830–2695 (m) H–C=O: C–H stretch aldehydes
2260–2210 (v) CN stretch nitriles
2260–2100 (w) –CC– stretch alkynes
m=medium, w=weak, s=strong, n=narrow, b=broad, sh=sharp

Source: University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.
http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/specttutor/irchart.html
1760–1665 (s C=O stretch carbonyls (general)

1760–1690 (s) C=O stretch carboxylic acids
1750–1735 (s) C=O stretch esters, saturated aliphatic
1740–1720 (s) C=O stretch aldehydes, saturated aliphatic
1730–1715 (s) C=O stretch alpha,beta–unsaturated esters
1715 (s) C=O stretch ketones, saturated aliphatic
alpha,beta–unsaturated aldehydes,
1710–1665 (s) C=O stretch
ketones
1680–1640 (m) –C=C– stretch alkenes
1650–1580 (m) N–H bend primary amines
1600–1585 (m) C–C stretch (in–ring) aromatics
1550–1475 (s) N–O asymmetric stretch nitro compounds
1500–1400 (m) C–C stretch (in–ring) aromatics
1470–1450 (m) C–H bend alkanes
1370–1350 (m) C–H rock alkanes
1360–1290 (m)
IR Spectroscopy N–O symmetric stretch
Training nitro compounds
Page 13
1335–1250 (s) C–N stretch aromatic amines

alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters,
1320–1000 (s) C–O stretch
ethers
1300–1150 (m) C–H wag (–CH2X) alkyl halides
1300–1150 (m) C–H wag (–CH2X) alkyl halides
1250–1020 (m) C–N stretch aliphatic amines
1000–650 (s) =C–H bend alkenes
950–910 (m) O–H bend carboxylic acids
910–665 (s, b) N–H wag primary, secondary amines
900–675 (s) C–H "oop" aromatics

850–550 (m) C–Cl stretch alkyl halides
725–720 (m) C–H rock alkanes
700–610 (b, s) –CC–H: C–H bend Alkynes
690–515 (m) C–Br stretch alkyl halides

Source: University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.
http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/specttutor/irchart.html
Each molecule has a unique IR spectrum.
IR spectra
• functional groups.
• a molecular fingerprint
• does not proof of molecular structure
• must be used in conjunction with other techniques to
provide a molecular structure.
Page 14
Examples of FTIR spectrum : Known compounds

O
CH 3-C H2C H2 -C-H
O
CH3C H 2C H2 CH 2 CH2-C -O-H
O
C -O-C H2C H3
CH3-CH2-O-H
CH 3
Cl-C H2 -CHC H3
Source: http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/irtutor/aldehydesir.html
Page 15
Source: http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/irtutor/carbacidsir.html
Source: http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/irtutor/estersir.html
Page 16
Source: http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/irtutor/alcoholsir.html
Source:http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/irtutor/ketonesir.html
Page 17
Identification of an organic compound

1. Examine the group frequency region
What functional groups are most likely present ?
2. The fingerprint region (1200 to 600 cm -1)

- impossible to complete interpretation because of the
complexity of the spectra (seldom possible)
- particularly useful for comparing with a spectrum of an
authentic sample.
An IR spectrum is used to identify functional

groups that are present (or absent).
Cannot conclusively identify a structure by

IR alone unless an IR spectrum of an
authentic (known) sample of the compound
is available.
Page 18
Alkane
- Finger print region

- compare with authentic sample
Page 19
Alcohol
C4H9OH
OH OH
OH
- Finger print region

- compare with authentic sample
Page 20
What functional groups are present ?
Page 21
Page 22
Computer Search System
Virtually all infrared instrument manufactures now offer

computer search systems to assist chemist in identifying
compounds from stored infrared spectral data.
Page 23
Quantitative Applications
• the characteristic band (specific wave number)

• calibration curve
Notes
• Quantitative data obtained with infrared instruments are generally
significantly inferior in quality to data obtained with ultraviolet/visible
spectrophotometers
• Because of the greater complexity of the spectra, the narrowness of
the absorption bands, and the instrumental limitations of infrared
instruments
Infrared Spectrometer
The dispersive Infrared Spectrometer : Dispersive IR

Monochromater = monochromatic IR light
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer : FTIR

Interferometer = multi-chromatic light
Page 24
The dispersive Infrared Spectrometer : Dispersive IR
Source: http://www.chemicool.com/definition/fourier_transform_infrared_spectrometer_ftir.htm
IR-spectrometer Continuous Wave
Source : K. Gable, Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University

http://chemistry.oregonstate.edu/courses/ch361-464/ch362/irinstrs.htm
Page 25
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer : FTIR
Source: http://epic.ms.northwestern.edu/KeckII/ftir1.asp
© 2009 NUANCE. All rights reserved. Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive #2036, Evanston, IL 60208-3108
Preparation of sample
• Gas
• Liquid
• Solid
Polystyrene Reference Materials
Page 26
Gas sample
- gas cell
Liquid samples
• Neat liquids
- thin film on salt plate
- making a sandwich
(made of NaCl or KBr)
Be careful : without moisture in the
samples
: not for aqueous samples
• Solution
using a liquid cell
Page 27
The solvent must not affect the material, (sodium chloride, the cell)
Cells: are transparent to the infrared light and do not introduce any
lines onto the spectra.
Sodium chloride window (NaCl) is most commonly employed
(Potassium bromide, Potassium chloride, Cesium iodide)
Page 28
Solid samples
• KBr Pellet Method
The concentration of the sample in KBr (anhydrous solid)
should be in the range of 0.2% to 1%.
•Nujol mulls
a small drop of mineral oil (nujol), KBr plate
Nujol by itself shows a characteristic spectrum!
• solution
• thin film
Page 29
Polystyrene
Cl
Cl C Cl
Cl
no C-H!
C-Cl stretch
Carbon Tetrachloride
Page 30
IR solution Cell (Quantitative analysis)
59
Part 2
Using and Maintenance of FTIR
(Bruker Tensor 27)
Page 31
Using
Bruker Tensor27 FTIR
Pisipong Meunprasertdee
Scientist
Instrument Center
Faculty of Science and Technology 1
Sample Preparation
2
Page 32
Solid and Powder sample

Organic and Inorganic compounds
g
- Organic Powder - Metal complex
p
- Ingredients in cosmetic - Pharmaceutical
- Food and Diary product - Polymer
- Azo dye - Catalyst
- Packaging - Gemstone
- Rubber
- Electronic
Gas sample
4
Page 33
Liquid Sample
Organic and Inorganic compounds
- Organic solvent - Metal complex

- Ingredients in cosmetic - Pharmaceutical
- Food and Diary product - Drinking water
- Azo dye - Catalyst
- Oil : Engine oil, Used oil, Insulating oil
- Edible Oil : Fat, Lipid
- Paint
Transmission Technique
Transmission is the basic and popular technique for

analyzing samples in FT-IR spectroscopy
IR light sample
detector
It can be used in many different form such as liquid,

solid & gas
6
Page 34
Transmission: Liquid Sample

Liquid film : - is the simplest method
- sample (1-2 drops) is pressed between two
IR-transparent windows (sandwich)
- great viscosity such as oil
4 volatile, scentless
4 quantitative application
Transmission: Solid sample
Magnetic film holder :

- is
i the
th simplest
i l t accessory ffor polymer
l fil
film
- a very thin film is placed over magnetic holder &
held in place with a magnetic rubber strip
8
Page 35
Transmission KBr-pellet :
-sample is ground into a find powder in a mortar and

p
pestle
-dry KBr (or other alkaline halide) powder, then added
and mixture ground further
- pressed it to from pellet
Reflectance Technique
sample
IR light
detector
There are especially samples that are difficultly

examined
by transmission technique
Used for most samples with the exception of gases 10

Page 36
1) Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)

If light impinges on a boundary separating two
media, the path of the light can be described by
Snell’s Law.
(Medium 2)
η1 • sinθ1 = η2 • sinθ2
Substance n2
Φ Φ
Θ
θ1 : incidence angle
Θ
(Medium 1)
Θ θ2 : refraction angle
Crystal n1 η1 : refraction index of medium 1 (crystal)
η2 : refraction index of medium 2 (sample)
a) b) c) d)
sample is placed on crystal θ2 = 90°

θc (critical angle) = θ1
The angle of incidence beam is higher than the critical angle of crystal
11
Sample Sample
n2
Refraction index
n1 > n2
ATR crystal n1 Θ
η1 > η2
ATR crystal
sample is placed on crystal
- some of IR beam is absorbed by sample
12
Page 37
13
2) Diffuse Reflectance
Diffuse reflectance occurs when the scattered
(reflected randomly) light is collected and
measured. It is used to analyze a wide variety of
solid samples.
Specular Energy
Diffuse Energy
SAMPLE CUP
14
Page 38
2) Diffuse Reflectance Accessory
rough surface solid, soil, cloth, coal

15
Using
Bruker Tensor27 FTIR
16
Page 39
Turning on FTIR
1. Turn on UPS and computer
17
Turning on HPLC
2. Open “OPUS” software by clicking OPUS
icon, password is “OPUS” then click “Login”
18
Page 40
- Click “OK” to next page Æ Workplace
19
OPUS workplace
20
Page 41
3. Click “Advance measurement” icon
44. Click
Cli k “L
“Load”
d” tto choose
h
technique
21
5. Choose technique such as “MIR_ATR.XPM”

or “MIR_TR.XPM”, then click Open
22
Page 42
6. Click “Check Signal” and record Amplitude
Click “Save Peak Position
23
7. Back to “Advanced”
24
Page 43
8. Choose your folder to save IR data, click OK
25
9. Set parameter in “Advanced”
26
Page 44
27
10. Click “Basic” and type sample name (Sample

description) then click Background single channel
28
Page 45
11. Analyst blank or nothing (air)
29
- Wait to finish scan
30
Page 46
12. Put sample
31
13. Click “Sample Single Channel” to analyst sample
- Sample data was

automatic save 32
Page 47
14. Click “Baseline correction” to take it straight
33
15. Click “Scale” to take full scale
34
Page 48
16. Interferogram will show, click “Smooth” if would

like to take smooth
35
36
Page 49
- Add “Annotation”
37
- Add “Annotation”
38
Page 50
- Peak picking
39
- Peak picking
40
Page 51
17. Import data by right click on frame, click “Copy”
41
- Paste interferogram in excel
42
Page 52
- Right click at sample name, choose Show Parameter
43
- Click at “TR” and right click to choose Copy to Clipboard
44
Page 53
- Paste data in excel
45
- Click save
46
Page 54
Other function
47
Manipulation : AB ↔ TR conversion
90
80
70
mittance [%]
60
Transm
50 40
30
20
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
AB = - log (TR)
Wavenumber cm-1
0.7
0.6 0.5
Benefit of AB
AB--spectra
spectra::
Absorbance Units
peak intensity is proportional

0.4
to concentration
0.3 0.2
0.1
48
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1
Page 55
Manipulation : Baseline Correction
Before
Baseline Correction
49
Manipulation: Straight line generation
50
Page 56
Manipulation: Cut
Cut out range spectrum

Original spectrum
51
Evaluation : Spectrum search
52
Page 57
Evaluation : Spectrum search
Unknown
Library
Unknown Drug
Library
53
Evaluation : Create own library
54
Page 58
Evaluation : Library Browser

Spectrum list
Structure Information
Spectrum
55
Evaluation : Quantitative
56
Page 59
Print
Quick Print
Prints current content of spectrum
window
d without
th t preview
Print Spectra
Print spectra via menue
High measurment: Evaluate Æ Integration

Change to Absorbance
Click: Evaluate Æ Integration
Click Icon Æ click “Setup Method“
Click type “K“ (Single peak)
Label
Interaction
If more than one, click
Store method
Click “INTEG” Æ Show Report
If it is multi peak (crack head) Æ Type R
Click right grey box -> Zoom IR
Report Æ Append (don’t save on old data) 58
Page 60
Take out the logo:

Click “Print” menu
Click: Open Layout

Choose file “defaultx.PLE”
Right Click >> Choose file “Properties”
Item Limits
Check >> Show Bruker Logo 59
Save >> Close Windows
Guidance FTIR Using
60
Page 61
Guidance FTIR using

Avoid looking laser. This may cause damage to the
y
eyes.
Keep water away from the instrument.
Do not place objects on the cooling of the light
source.
The optimum temperature is 18-30 C and humidity
less than 70 in work time.
Replace the Moisture Absorber regularly.

61
Thank for your

attention.
62
Page 62
Workshop
Operator name : ….…………………………….……..… Code ………….………
Workshop 1 Preparation of sample
- Prepare unknown A and B powder by press with KBr powder
Workshop 2 Analyst unknown A - E

- A and B powder by press with KBr powder by transmission
- C and D 0.5 - 1 drop between KBr pellet by transmission
- A, B and E by ATR
What unknown?
Choices
1. Acetone
2. Ascorbic acid Answer
3. Ethylbenzoate A=
4. Eugenol
B=
5. Glycerol
6. Palmitic acid C=
7. Polyethylene D=
8. Polypropylene E=
9. Polystyrene
10. Polyvinylchloride
11. Salicylic acid
12. Steroid
13. TritonX
14. Toluene
*****************************************
Page 63
Installation of
OPUS Program
1
Insert CD program >> Right click at “Setup.exe” icon

choose “Run as administrator”
2
Page 64
Program will run several second, Use “Next Technology”
4
Page 65
Use “Next Technology”
6
Page 66
Click “Install” and wait foe several minute
8
Page 67
Finish>> Happy ending
Happy Ending ^_^

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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

January 6th, 2017

 Part 1 Principle and application of Infrared Spectroscopy 1-30

 Part 2 Using and Maintenance of FTIR 31-61

 Installation of OPUS program 63-67

January 6th, 2017

No Name - Surname Year/Degree/Major Group Signature

4 Mr. Kamaruddin Waesateh 1st year, Master's degree, Polymer Technology 2

5 Mr. Mohamad Irfan 1st year, Doctor's degree, Polymer Technology 1

7 Miss Thitima Supapan 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 1

8 Miss Porntip Madlah 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 2

9 Mr. Sampan Sengliang 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 1

10 Miss Sakeeyah Masamae 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 2

11 Mr. Damrong Adam 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 1

12 Miss Solihah Binnuy 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 2

13 Miss Umaporn Sangthong 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 1

14 Mr. Anun salaeh 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 2

15 Mr.Trin Khawsang 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Industrial Chemistry 1

No Name - Surname Year/Degree/Major Group Signature

21 Miss Pornpimol Powijit 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry (Education) 1

22 Miss Winanya Ngasaman 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry (Education) 2

23 Mr.Tanawat Wattanakul 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry (Education) 1

24 Miss Sininat Chansuk 4th year, Bachelor's degree, Chemistry (Education) 2

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction

Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech, Linda Hermans-Killam

Dicovery of Infrared Radiation

NEAR INFRARED: 0.8 -2.5 m, 12500 - 4000 cm-1

What is Infrared Spectroscopy?

The Mid IR range

A technique which reveals the bonds present in

detects the transmitted frequencies,

Absorption of infrared radiation brings about changes

Infrared radiation stimulates molecular vibrations.

Stretching vibration : change of bond length

Bending vibration : change of bond length

In big molecules, there are many bonds and so a

The most common IR spectrum

Specific bonds respond to (absorb)

Polar bonds display bands in the IR spectrum

C-H O-H N-H 3600 – 2700 cm-1

The intensity of the bands depends on the magnitude

Table of Characteristic IR Absorptions

frequency, cm–1 bond functional group

3640–3610 (s, sh) O–H stretch, free hydroxyl alcohols, phenols

3500–3200 (s,b) O–H stretch, H–bonded alcohols, phenols

3330–3270 (n, s) –CC–H: C–H stretch alkynes (terminal)

3100–3000 (s) C–H stretch aromatics

m=medium, w=weak, s=strong, n=narrow, b=broad, sh=sharp

1760–1665 (s C=O stretch carbonyls (general)

1750–1735 (s) C=O stretch esters, saturated aliphatic

1740–1720 (s) C=O stretch aldehydes, saturated aliphatic

1730–1715 (s) C=O stretch alpha,beta–unsaturated esters

1715 (s) C=O stretch ketones, saturated aliphatic

1335–1250 (s) C–N stretch aromatic amines

910–665 (s, b) N–H wag primary, secondary amines

900–675 (s) C–H "oop" aromatics

700–610 (b, s) –CC–H: C–H bend Alkynes

690–515 (m) C–Br stretch alkyl halides

Each molecule has a unique IR spectrum.

Examples of FTIR spectrum : Known compounds

Identification of an organic compound

2. The fingerprint region (1200 to 600 cm -1)

An IR spectrum is used to identify functional

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