Reaksi osmium
Unsur yang tergolong logam transisi, berwarna putih kebiruan, mengkilap, sangat keras (tetapi
rapuh dalam suhu tinggi), tahan terhadap udara tetapi dalam keadaan serbuk bereaksi lambat dengan
membentuk OsO4 (bersifat sangat racun; titik didih 130 . Dialam ditemukan didalam mineral
iridosmine dan didalam mineral lain bersama platina. Osmium alam merupakan campuran dari 7
isotop stabilnya (dikenal ada 20 isotop osmium). Logam ini umumnya digunakan sebagai komponen
paduan logam (bersifat sangat keras) untuk mata pena, sumbu mesin, jarum piringan, dan kontak
listrik (Mulyono, 2005).
3.1 Sejarah
Ditemukan pada tahun 1803 oleh Tennant dalam residu yang tersisa ketika platinum mentah
dilarutkan ke aqua regia (http//www.chem_is_try.org/osmium).
3.2 Kelimpahan
Osmium terdapat dalam mineral iridosule dan dalam pasir sungai yang menghasilkan
platinum di daerah Ural, Amerika Utara dan Amerika Selatan. Juga ditemukan dalam bijih mineral
yang mengandung nikel di Sudbury, daerah Ontariobersama dengan logam grup platinum lainnya.
Meski kadarnya dalam bijih-bijih tersebut sangat kecil, namun karena adanya penambangan bijih
nikel berton-ton, memungkinkan perolehan osmium sebagai hasil samping
(http//www.chem_is_try.org/osmium).
Konfigurasi elektron:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s 2 5p6 5d6 6s2
Jari-jari ion : 0,63 Å
Bilangan Oksidasi : 2,3, 4, 6,8
Massa Jenis : 22.6 g/cm3
Konduktivitas Listrik : 12.3 x 106 ohm-1cm-1
Elektronegativitas : 2.2 (Skala pauling)
Potensial Ionisasi : 8.7 V
Jari-jari atom : 1,92 Å
Volume Atom : 8.49cm 3 / mol
Energi ionisasi pertama : 840 kJ/mol
Energi ionisasi ke-2 : 1600 kJ/mol
3.5 Isotop
184
Os [108 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : 0.02%
185
Os [109 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : sintetik
186
Os [110 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : 1.58%
187
Os [111 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : 1.6%
188
Os [112 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : 13.3%
189
Os [113 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : 16.1%
190
Os [114 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : 24.6%
191
Os [115 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : sintetik
192
Os [116 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : 41.0%
193
Os [117 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : sintetik
194
Os [118 neutrons]
Kelimpahan : sintetik
Senyawa osmium tetroksida telah digunakan untuk mendeteksi sidik jari dan untuk
mewarnai jaringan lemak untuk slide mikroskop. Logam ini hampir selalu digunakan
untuk menghasilkan alloy yang sangat keras dengan logam grup platinum lainnya untuk
mata pulpen, jarum fonograf, dan kontak listrik (http://Chemistry.org/osmium ).
Osmiridium (IrOs)
Suatu campuran logam osmium dan iridium, digunakan membuat peralatan yang berhubungan dengan
pembedahan.
3.7 Ikatan
Contoh : OsO2
Kovalen koordinasi
Contoh : [Os(CO)5]
Os(s) + 2O2(g)OsO4(s)
Osmium bereaksi dengan fluorin berlebih pada suhu 600°C pada tekanan 400 atm untuk membentuk
osmium(VII) fluoride
2Os(s) + 7F2(g)2OsF7(s)
Pada kondisi dibawahnya terbentuk heksafluorida (OsF6) :
Os(s) + 3F2(g)OsF6(s)
Osmium bereaksi dengan klorin dan bromin dengan pemanasan di bawah tekanan pada pembentukan
tetrahalida osmium(IV) klorida atau osmium(IV) bromida :
Os(s) + 2Cl2(g)OsCl4(s)
Os(s) + 2Br2(g)OsBr4(s)
Sumber : https://erwantoindonesia.wordpress.com/2012/06/29/makalah-besi-rutenium-dan-
osmium/
Pengertian Unsur Osmium dan Efeknya
Nomor atom : 76
Massa atom : 190,2 g.mol -1
Elektronegativitas menurut Pauling : 2.2
Massa Jenis : 22,5 g.cm-3 pada 20 ° C
Titik lebur : 3045 ° C
Titik didih : 5027 ° C
Vanderwaals radius : 0,136 nm
Osmium
Pengertian Unsur Osmium dan
Efeknya
Osmium yang berkilau, logam keperakan, salah satu yang disebut
platinum kelompok logam. Ini adalah logam terpadat diketahui,
althoung hanya dengan margin sempit. Osmium adalah uneffected
dengan air dan asam, tetapi larut dengan alkali cair. Bubuk osmium
bereaksi lambat dengan oksigen di udara dan melepaskan sejumlah
detacteble uap osmium tetroksida.
Aplikasi
Logam ini digunakan dalam beberapa paduan dan di industri
sebagai katalis. Pada suatu waktu itu harus dihadapi dalam biji pena
berkualitas tinggi air mancur, kompas jarum, tahan lama jarum
gramofon dan bantalan jam, berkat kekerasan dan ketahanan korosi
ekstrim.
Osmium di lingkungan
Osmium terutama ditemukan paduan dengan logam platinum
lainnya, dari mana ia pulih secara komersial. Bijih yang paling
penting adalah baik iridosmin dan osmiridium. Iridosmin adalah
mineral langka yang ditemukan di Rusia dan di Amerika Utara dan
Selatan. Kurang dari 100 Kg yang diproduksi setiap tahun. Ada
sedikit permintaan untuk logam, yang sulit untuk mengarang.
Sumber : http://kliksma.com/2015/04/pengertian-unsur-osmium-dan-efeknya.html
Osmium is often added to platinum to create an alloy
used in pen points.
Read
more: http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/L-
P/Osmium.html#ixzz3pgcLE3AY
Uses
Osmium metal has few uses. It is sometimes added to
platinum or indium to make them harder. Some of the
best pen points, for example, are made of osmium-
platinum alloys. An alloy is made by melting or mixing two
or more metals. The osmium-platinum alloy is harder than
pure platinum. Some alloys of osmium and platinum are
also used to make specialized laboratory equipment.
Read
more: http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/L-
P/Osmium.html#ixzz3pgcUrkK8
OSMIUM
Overview
Osmium is an element in Group 8 (VIIIB) of the periodic
table. The periodic table is a chart showing how chemical
elements are related to one another. Osmium is also a
member of the platinum family. This family consists of five
other elements: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium,
indium,and platinum. These elements often occur
together in the Earth's crust. They also have similar
physical and chemical properties, and are used in alloys.
SYMBOL
Os
ATOMIC NUMBER
76
ATOMIC MASS
190.2
FAMILY
Group 8 (VIIIB)
Transition metal
Platinum group
PRONUNCIATION
OZ-mee-um
Physical properties
Osmium is a bluish-white, shiny metal with a melting point
of about 3,000°C (5,400°F) and a boiling point of about
5,500°C (9,900°F). Its density is 22.5 grams per cubic
centimeter. These numbers are the highest of any
platinum metal. They are also among the highest of all
elements.
Chemical properties
Osmium is dissolved by acids or by aqua regia only after
long periods of exposure to the liquids. When heated, the
metal combines with oxygen to form osmium tetroxide
(OsO 4 ). Osmium tetroxide is very toxic and the only
important commercial compound of osmium.
Read
more: http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/L-
P/Osmium.html#ixzz3pgdCD9m7
Osmium Element Facts
Data Zone | Discovery | Facts | Appearance & Characteristics | Uses | Abundance
& Isotopes | References
Left: Electron microscopy image of osmium catalyst clusters containing nominally 5 atoms of
(1)
osmium each, dispersed on a magnesium oxide support material. Image by ORNL Right:
Osmium Bead. Image by Tomihadnorf (2)
76
Os
190.2
DATA ZONE
Classification: Osmium is a transition metal
Color: bluish-white
State: solid
Electrons: 76
Protons: 76
Hydride(s) none
DISCOVERY OF OSMIUM
Osmium was discovered in 1803, in London, by English chemist Smithson
Tennant. He also discovered iridium in the same year. (3) Earlier in his
career, Smithson Tennant had established that diamond is pure carbon.
Previous chemists had believed this powder was graphite, but Tennant –
who had previous experience of working with carbon’s allotropes – thought
differently. (3)
Tennant treated the powder with sodium hydroxide and heated to the
solution. He removed an alkali from the residue by adding water. He added
hydrochloric acid to the remaining residue to form an acidic solution. The
alkaline solution was found to contain osmium, while the acidic contained
iridium. (4)
Ru Rh Pd
76 77 78
Os Ir Pt
Osmium is one of the platinum group metals. These metals have similar properties and are
often present in the same mineral ores – osmium and iridium were found by Smithson
Tennant in a sample of crude platinum.
Alloys of platinum and osmium are used in the construction of pacemaker electrodes
because they are highly resistant to corrosion. Photo by Sunzi99.
Powdered osmium in air forms the pungent, highly toxic osmium tetroxide
(OsO4) which can cause lung, skin and eye damage.
Characteristics:
Calculated: Osmium 22.587 ± 0.009 g/cm3 & Iridium: 22.562 ±
0.009 g/cm3 at 20 OC. See data source.)
Osmium has the highest melting point and the lowest vapor pressure of the
platinum group (ruthenium, rhodium,palladium, iridium, and platinum).
USES OF OSMIUM
Osmium is principally used alloyed with other metals in the platinum group
to produce very hard alloys.
Abundance solar system: 2 parts per billion by weight, 20 parts per trillion by
moles
Source: Osmium is found in platinum ores and in the mineral osmiridium (an
alloy of osmium and iridium). Commercially, osmium is recovered as a by-
product of nickel refining.
Isotopes:
Osmium has 34 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass
numbers from 162 to 196. Naturally occurring osmium is a mixture of seven
isotopes and they are found in the percentages shown: 184Os
(0.02%), 186Os (1.6%), 187Os (2.0%), 188Os (13.2%), 189Os (16.1%), 190Os
(26.3%) and 192Os (40.8%). Naturally the most common isotope is 192Os,
with an abundance of 40.8%.
http://www.chemicool.com/elements/osmium.html