Zero Practical

Aim-​ ​Demonstration of different components of a GPS system

Instruments and Software used-​ ​GPS Receiver ( Single frequency receiver and dual
frequency receiver), antenna, navigational GPS receiver, mobile GPS chips, GPS motherboard

Theory-
Components of an Integrated GPS receiver

• GPS Antenna;
• GPS Receiver;
• GPS Controller with display;
• Power supply;
• Integrated Radio communication system;

Functions of a Receiver :

-​Acquires the satellite signals

• Splits signal into multiple signal-processing channels for
processing of multiple satellites signal simultaneously
• Generates the reference PRN codes of the signals
• Tracks the code and the carrier of the satellite signals.
• Demodulates the system data from the satellite signals
• Extracts code phase (pseudo-range) measurements from the
PRN code of the satellite signals
• Extracts signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) information from the
satellite signals
• Estimates a relationship to GPS system time

Single Frequency GPS -

● Tracks L1 frequency signal only
● Cheaper than dual frequency receivers
● Used effectively to relative positioning mode for accurate baselines of less than 50
km or where ionosphere effects can generally be ignored.
● capable of centimeter level accuracy
● high-precision applications such as surveying
Dual Frequency GPS receiver-
● Tracks both L1 and L2 frequency signal
● More expensive than a single frequency receiver
● Can more effectively resolve longer baselines of more than 50 km where
ionosphere effects have a larger impact
● Eliminate almost all ionosphere effects by combining L1 and L2 observations

GPS Antenna(s)

Navigational GPS

Controller
 Mobile GPS chips

GPS Receiver kit

​Single frequency Receiver

Gravimeter:​ ​An instrument for measuring the difference in the force of gravity from one place to
another.

Gravimeter
Controller

Gravimeter

Discussion & Conclusion:

● In this experiment we came to know about the various basic terminology and the concept
behind Global Positioning System.
● We learnt about the basic methods involved in measuring the location of points with the
help of GPS.
● We were given a brief introduction of different instruments and information about their
working principle, their functioning, their sensitivity towards measurement.
● We are also saw the single and dual frequency GPS receiver.
● A brief introduction to Gravimeter was given and also its basic principle.
● Handling of the instrument must be done carefully as many a given instruments are quite
sensitive and costly