MICHAEL PORTER’ S FIVE FORCES ON HOTEL INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION
Porter’s model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet the
opportunities and threats in the organizations external environment. Especially,
competitive strategy should base on and understanding of industry structures and
the way they change. Porter has identified five competitive forces that shape
every industry and every market. These forces determine the intensity of
competition and hence the profitability and attractiveness of an industry. The
objective of corporate strategy should be to modify these competitive forces in a
way that improves the position of the organization. Porter’s model supports
analysis of the driving forces in an industry. Based on the information derived
from the Five Forces Analysis, management can decide how to influence or to
exploit particular characteristics of their industry
MODEL FOR PORTER’S FIVE FORCES
PORTER ‘S FIVE FORCES ON HOTEL TAJ
1. BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS

The term 'suppliers' comprises all sources for inputs that are needed in order to
provide goods or services.

 The high class hotels are operating by few hotel chains like-TAJ,ORCHID & the
RAVIZ Hotel . so they have a control over the industry.

 There are no substitutes for spas and five star hotels.

 The hotels customers are fragmented, so they have to reduce their bargaining
power to attract the customers.

 The Taj, Orchid, raviz are having various rates and tariffs. Because they are
having their own brand image.

 The hotel chains are operating different services like Spas, Boatels, Resorts, City
Centers, Heritage HOTELS, etc.
2 . BARGAINING POWER OF CUSTOMERS

Similarly, the bargaining power of customers determines how much customers

can impose pressure on margins and volumes

 The hotel industry is one of the most invested in its fixed assets. So they are
trying to recover their amount quickly.
 The suppliers are providing better information about them to attract the
customers’ .Here the buyers are highly informed.

 If the hotel price changes are moderate, the Customers have low margins and
price-sensitive.

 Some unseasoned timings the hotels are offering discounts and incentives to
reduce the bargaining power of buyers
3. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS

The competition in an industry will be the higher; the easier it is for other
companies to enter this industry. In such a situation, new entrants could change
major determinants of the market environment (e.g. market shares, prices,
customer loyalty) at any time. There is always a latent pressure for reaction and
adjustment for existing players in this industry

 The foreign hotel chains are tied up with Indian hotels to reduce the initial cost
and using the latter’s brand name.

 Brand loyalty of customers like TAJ, ORCHID, and RAVIZ affects the new
entrants.

 Access to raw materials and Distribution channels are controlled by Existing

players like TAJ, ORCHID, and RAVIZ

 The cost of land in India is high at 50% of total project cost as against 15%
abroad. This acts as a major deterrent to the Indian hotel industry.

 In India the expenditure tax, luxury tax and sales tax inflate the hotel bill by over
30%. Effective tax in the South East Asian countries works out to only 4-5%
4. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES

A threat from substitutes exists if there are alternative products with lower
prices of better performance parameters for the same purpose. They could
potentially attract a significant proportion of market volume and hence reduce
the potential sales volume for existing players. This category also relates to
complementary products.

 Brand loyalty of customers (TAJ, ORCHID, and RAVIZ, etc,) is dominating the
substitutes.

 The hotel relationship with customer and costs also the reasons to switching to
substitutes.

 The price variation of same class hotel services from various brands is one of the
reasons to choose a substitute.

 The present demand and supply of hotel rooms is one of the reasons to choose
a substitute.

 More fixed cost and switching costs affects the business

5. COMPETITIVE RIVALRY BETWEEN EXISTING PLAYERS

This force describes the intensity of competition between existing players

(companies) in an industry. High competitive pressure results in pressure on
prices, margins, and hence, on profitability for every single company in the
industry.

 The top competitors in hotel industry are having the same services like five star,

spas, boatels and motels, heritage hotels and palaces.

 The healthy competition among the all players is helping to increase the
industry growth.

 Intense in metro cities, slowly picking up in secondary cities